2020届高考英语全优二轮复习训练：专题一阅读第4讲
2020届高考英语全优二轮复习课件：专题一 阅读 第1讲
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【结论】 高考英语阅读理解试题的命题思路充分体现了在稳中求发展，在发展中求创新 的理念，从体裁方面看，以应用文、说明文为主，以议论文、记叙文为辅。从题目 设置的方面来看，以细节理解题和推理判断题为主，兼顾词义猜测题、主旨大意题 和其他。
good and evil among those left. Randall Flagg is one of the scariest characters ever.
( )1.Who does “I” refer to in the text?
A．Stephen King.
B．Gillian Flynn.
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(2019全国卷Ⅱ， A) My Favourite Books
2020届高考英语课标版二轮习题：专题一 阅读理解 Word版含解析
姓名，年级：时间：专题一阅读理解主题一人与自我A（2019河北保定二模)Summer Programs for TeensUniversity of Maryland： TERP Young ScholarsThis program is the perfect summer camp for academically talented teenagers who want to pursue academic interests，explore career opportunities， and discover college life at the University of Maryland.During three weeks of intellectual exploration， teens can study with students who share similar interests， and communicate with some of the universit’s best teachers.Upon successful completion， students can earn three college credits.Carpe Diem: The University-bound AdventureCarpe Diem supports both American and international students in applying to a university by providing private consultation。
This 2-week experience also includes tours of famous East Coast universities。
Students will also have the opportunity to build their resumes（简历) by working with writing experts。
2020学年高中英语二轮复习专题专项攻略详解试题：高考仿真卷(一) Word版含解析
高考仿真卷(一)(时间：100分钟满分：120分)第一部分阅读理解第一节(共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A(2019·安徽重点中学盟校联合模拟)Hiking(远足) is a great way to get active and reduce stress while you are exploring the city.Visit our page to find some of the best free walking tours across New York City.Community Days at Conference House ParkWednesday，September 19，2018 12：00 p．m.－2：00 p．m.Enjoy new gardens at the Visitor Center.Explore and help repair the three self-designed gardens: vegetable，native plant，and sculpture.Experience kids crafts，adult art programs，Tai Chi and more in this lovely setting.Position: Conference House Park，298 Satterlee Street，Staten IslandEvent Organizer: Conference House ParkPhone Number : (718 ) 227-1463Contact Email: john.kilcullen@ parks，nyc.qo vGreenbelt on the GoTuesday，August 14，2018 10：00 a．m.-11：30 a．m.Join us for relaxing walks through our parks.Enjoy the prettyviews of them，as we point out a few of the distinct features that make each park special.The length of each hike will be determined by the pace of the group.Registration is required.To register，please email naturecenter@ before August 14.Position : Greenbelt Nature Center in Blood Root Valley，700 Rockland Avenue at Brielle Avenue Staten IslandEvent Organizer: Staten Island Greenbelt Conservancy，Greenbelt Environmental Education DepartmentPhone Number: (718) 351-3450Contact Email : naturecenter@ Adult Afternoon HikesWednesday，October 10，2018 1：30 p．m.－3：00 p．m.Get familiar with the Greenbelt and local parks by hiking with other adults！You're encouraged to bring small meals and drinks for the break time.Position: Greenbelt Nature Center in Blood Root Valley，700 Rockland Avenue at Brielle Avenue Staten IslandEvent Organizer: Staten Island Greenbelt Conservancy，Greenbelt Environmental Education DepartmentPhone Number: (718) 351－3450Contact Email : naturecenter@ The South Pole at Wards PointThursday，November 15，2018 7：00 a．m.－7：00 p．m.The three miles of nearby natural shoreline are a sandy beach.Shells，rocks，and stones of every shape and size can be found here.Not to be missed are the park's other attractions: acres of woodland，four galleries，and five historic houses!Position: Conference House Park Visitor Center in Conference House Park，298 Satterlee Street，Staten IslandEvent Organizer: Conference House ParkContact Email：john.kilcullen@parks.nyc.qo v1．Which walking tour may attract people interested in Chinese culture?A．Community Days at Conference House Park.B．Greenbelt on the Go.C．Adult Afternoon Hikes.D．The South Pole at Wards Point.2．What do we know about Greenbelt on the Go?A．The length of the hike is settled.B．People will visit three distinct parks.C．It takes place in Conference House Park.D．Visitors need to register in advance.3．Which number or email address should a sea-lover choose for information?A．(718) 227－1463.B．naturecenter@ .C．(718) 351－3450.D．john.kilcullen@ parks.nyc.qo v.体裁：应用文题材：广告主题：远足活动【语篇解读】这是一篇应用文，作者在文中介绍了四项适合人们户外远足的活动。
2020届新高考英语二轮对点集训：第四板块 第三部分 概要写作
第四板块第三部分概要写作Writing 1阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
In 1971, China's first subway line in Beijing was formally put into operation. By December 2017, there were 171 subway lines stretching over 5,083 km in 35 cities on the Chinese mainland. Currently, China has the longest urban railway network in the world, which is predicted to surpass 6,000 km by 2020.The rapid development of China's urban railway system reflects the country's growing economic strength. The system has experienced the fastest growth over the past 15 years due to the investment of wealth accumulated from the reform and opening up in urban infrastructure construction. An urban railway system is expensive to build, with one kilometer of subway costing approximately 700 million yuan(about $110 million). A city without economic strength cannot develop such an expensive system.The progress in urban railway construction technologies has also contributed to the fast expansion of the infrastructure. Subway construction involves building underground tunnels, laying rails, manufacturing trains and the operation and management of subways. It is a systematic project which not only covers traditional infrastructure building but also modern electronics and information technology. China's railway construction technologies are the best in the world, with Chinese subway trains now exported to developed countries including the United States.The expansion of Chinese cities has made it necessary to develop urban railway systems. Since the start of the reform and opening up, a large number of people have migrated to cities and the number of private cars has increased dramatically, resulting in serious traffic congestion. Building subways has become an important way to solve this problem.This year marks the 41st anniversary of the launch of China's reform and opening up, and the rapid development of China's urban railway system exemplifies the achievements made by the policy. As China furthers its opening up, it will continue to maintain steady and rapid economic growth and railway systems will be available in more and more cities.Writing 1The past few decades has witnessed the fast development of Chinese urban railways both in number and length, which is a reflection of China's prosperous economy. (要点1) Actually, not only the growing construction technologies but also the expansion of Chinese cities with booming population and heavy traffic, stimulates the urban railway construction. (要点2) With the deepening of the reform and opening up policy, more urban railways will come into use. (要点3)Writing 2阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
2020届高考英语一轮复习Unit4Wildlifeprotection高考提能练新人教版必修2
Unit 4 Wildlife protection阅读理解·组块专练——练速度(限时：35 分钟)Ⅰ. 阅读理解A(2020 ·洛阳高三第一次月考)I find it humorous sometimes that even themost ordinary incidents can have an impact on our awareness.My wife, daughter, and I moved into our home nine years agoand we spent a lot of time and energy in the yard to get it looking likeit does today. We live on a corner, higher than streetlevel, and the entire side of the yard is surrounded by a professionally built rock wall. The front of the housethough is another story because instead of a wall along the sidewalk, therocks appear to be just thrown up onto the dirt as if someonewere in a hurry to finish.We did the best we could with what we had to work with and called thisarea our “rock garden”. Whenever we had leftover fl owers or plants,Denise or I would stick them out front, just to bring some color to the area.Last summer I had reached the end of the rock garden and found a tinylittle plant that I could not immediately identify. I knew I didn’t plant it and Denise claimed that she didn ’t either. Wedecided to let it continue growing until we could figure out what it was.Weeks passed and as I made my way back to the mystery plant, it appeared to be a Sunflower. It had a tall skinny stalk (茎) and only one head on it.I decided to baby_it_along and weed around it. As I pulled rocks from thearea to get to the weeds, I noticed something unusual. The Sunflower had notstarted where I saw the stalk begin. It actually had begun under a bigrock and grown under and around it to reach the sun.That ’ s when I realized that if a tiny little Sunflower didn ’t let a big rock stand in its way of developing, we too have the ability to do thesamething. Webelieve in ourselves like that little Sunflower, we can attain the same food and nutrition as well.Stand tall like the Sunflower and be proud of who and what you are andthe environment will begin to support you. You will find a way to go underor around your big obstacle (阻碍) in order to reach your desires.语篇解读：本文为夹叙夹议文。
高考英语二轮专题训练模块4高考题型组合练组合练1含解析新人教版
模块四高考题型组合练组合练1Ⅰ.阅读理解(共9小题；每小题2分，满分18分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A(2020·河北省衡水中学高三下学期第一次模拟考试)Scientists have developed a new type of smart bandage(绷带) that can signal the type of bacterial(细菌的) infection it’s protecting，just like a traffic light，as well as release the right type of drugs on demand.The traffic light system works just like this：Green means no bacteria or a low concentration of bacteria，yellow means drug-sensitive(DS) bacteria responsive to standard antibiotics(抗生素) and causes antibiotic release，and red means drug-resistant(DR) bacteria that need extra help to be wiped out.In testing the bandage on mice，the research team was able to successfully treat both DS and DR infections using the new method.However，the common methods of sensing resistance are limited by time，the requirement for professional personnel，and expensive instruments.Moreover，the abuse of antibiotics causes the accelerated process of bacterial resistance.It’s easy to see how a simple bandage and light could overcome some of these limitations.Treatment doesn’t have to wait for a doctor to make a diagnosis，and the bandage can get the right sort of drugs applied at the earliest opportunity.What’s more，the person wearing the bandage gets real-time feedback on what’s happ ening with the infection，if there’s an infection at all.The researchers say it offers numerous benefits over existing treatments that make use of light，including photodynamic therapy or PDT.We’ve been seeing quite a few upgrades to the traditional bandage in recent years，thanks to advances in science — like the nanofiber mesh that attracts bacteria and draws some of it out，speeding up the healing process.Then there’s the novel bandage for treating burns，which stops bacteria from multiplying and lowers the risk of infection.The more work that a bandage can do while it’s protecting a wound，the better.Efforts to improve bandages continue and now we’ve got a bandage that not only releases antibiotics，but also tells the patient exactly what’s going on too.1．What is the smart bandage mainly designed to do?A．Avoid the use of antibiotics.B．Clear out harmful bacteria.C．Detect bacterial infections.D．Increase treatment options.2．What is the advantage of the smart bandage?A．It saves much time and cost.B．It removes the risk of infection.C．It prevents the bacterial resistance.D．It improves doctor-patient relationship.3．What can be inferred from the last two paragraphs?A．Traditional bandages are out of use now.B．More smart bandages will be developed.C．Progress in science calls for more research.D．People are urged to study medical science.4．What does the text focus on?A．A successful test on mice.B．A colour-changing bandage.C．Sensing drug-resistant bacteria.D．Preventing abuse of antibiotics.【答案】 1.C 2.A 3.B 4.B【解析】这是一篇说明文。
2020版高考英语二轮复习40分钟阅读提速练1阅读提速练(一)(含解析)(最新整理)
（京津鲁琼专用）2020版高考英语二轮复习40分钟阅读提速练1 阅读提速练（一）（含解析）编辑整理：尊敬的读者朋友们：这里是精品文档编辑中心，本文档内容是由我和我的同事精心编辑整理后发布的，发布之前我们对文中内容进行仔细校对，但是难免会有疏漏的地方，但是任然希望（（京津鲁琼专用）2020版高考英语二轮复习40分钟阅读提速练1 阅读提速练（一）（含解析））的内容能够给您的工作和学习带来便利。
同时也真诚的希望收到您的建议和反馈，这将是我们进步的源泉，前进的动力。
本文可编辑可修改，如果觉得对您有帮助请收藏以便随时查阅，最后祝您生活愉快业绩进步，以下为（京津鲁琼专用）2020版高考英语二轮复习40分钟阅读提速练1 阅读提速练（一）（含解析）的全部内容。
阅读提速练(一)（建议用时：40分钟）阅读理解(共两节，满分40分)第一节（共15小题;每小题2分,满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A(2019·山西五地高三联考）Kirby Wildlife Park—Keeper ExperienceDue to the large number of inquiries from people interested in working with animals， Kirby Wildlife Park has set up the unique “Keeper Experience”package。
The fantastic experience is available to anyone over the age of 18 who is reasonably fit。
We regret that for health and safety reasons， participants who are pregnant， in a wheelchair or suffering from illnesses cannot take part。
【高考专题】2020届高考英语二轮题海特训营 阅读理解 一(含答案解析)
2020届高考英语二轮题海特训营阅读理解一A1.Raised in a motherless home，my father was extremely tightfisted towards us children.His attitude didn't soften as I grew into adulthood and went to college. I had to ride the bus whenever I came home. Though the bus stopped about two miles from home，Dad never met me，even in severe weather. If I grumbled，he'd say in his loudest fathervoice，"That's what your legs are for！"The walk didn't bother me as much as the fear of walking alone along the highway and country roads. I also felt less than valued that my father didn't seem concerned about my safety. But that feeling was canceled one spring evening.It had been a particularly difficult week at college after long hours in labs. I longed for home. When the bus reached the stop，I stepped off and dragged my suitcase to begin the long journey home.A row of hedges(树篱)edged the driveway that climbed the hill to our house. OnceI had turned off the highway to start the last lap of my journey，I always had asense of relief to see the hedges because it meant that I was almost home. On that particular evening，the hedges had just come into view when I saw something gray moving along the top of the hedges，moving toward the house. Upon closer observation，I realized it was the top of my father's head. Then I knew，each time I'd come home，he had stood behind the hedges，watching，until he knew I had arrived safely. I swallowed hard against the tears. He did care，after all.On later visits，that spot of gray became my watchtower. I could hardly wait untilI was close enough to watch for its secret movement above the greenery. Upon reachinghome，I would find my father sitting innocently in his chair."So，my son，it's you！" he'd say，his face lengthening into pretended surprise.I replied，"Yes，Dad，it's me. I'm home."（1）What does the underlined word "grumbled" in Paragraph 1 probably mean?A．Accepted happily.B．Explained clearly.C．Agreed willingly.D．Spoke unhappily.（2）What made the author feel upset was ______.A. the tiredness after long hours in labsB．the fear of seeing something movingC．the feeling of being less than valuedD．the loneliness of riding the bus home（3）The author's father watched behind the hedges because _____.A．he was concerned about his son's safetyB．he wanted to help his son build up courageC．he didn't want to meet his son at the doorwayD．he didn't think his son was old enough to walk alone（4）Which of the following can be the best title for the text?A．My Father's SecretB．My College LifeC．My Terrible Journey HomeD．Riding the Bus AloneB2.Chinese scientists recently have produced two monkeys with the same gene, Zhong Zhong and Hua Hua, using the same technique that gave us Dolly the sheep. These monkeys are not actually the first primates（灵长类）to be cloned. Another one named Tetra was produced in the late 1990s by embryo（胚胎）splitting, the division of an early-stage embryo into two or four separate cells to make clones. By contrast, they were each made by replacing an egg cell nucleus（原子核）with DNA from a differentiated body cell. This Dolly method, known as somatic cell nuclear transfer （SCNT）, can create more clones and allows researchers greater control over the edits they make to the DNA.Success came from adopting several new techniques. These included a new type of microscopy to better view the cells during handling or using several materials that encourage cell reprogramming, which hadn’t been tried before on primates. Still, the research process proved difficult, and many attempts by the team failed. Just two healthy baby monkeys born from more than 60 tested mothers. This leads to many researchers’ pouring water on the idea that the team’s results bring scientists closer to cloning humans. They thought this work is not a stepping stone to establishing methods for obtaining live born human clones. Instead, this clearly remains a very foolish thing to attempt, it would be far too inefficient, far too unsafe, and it is also pointless.But the scientists involved emphasize that this is not their goal. There is now no barrier for cloning primate species, thus cloning humans is closer to reality.However, their research purpose is entirely for producing non-human primate models for human diseases; they absolutely have no intention, and society will not permit this work to be extended to humans. Despite limitations, they treat this breakthrough a novel model system for scientists studying human biology and disease.（1）What do we know about the technology called SCNT?A. It created the first two primates.B. It may contribute to editing the DNA.C. It can divide an early-stage embryo into several cells.D. It produced two cloned monkeys with different genes.（2）What does the author mean by “pouring water on the idea” in paragraph 2?A. Keeping a hot topic of it.B. Having a low opinion of it.C. Attaching no importance to it.D. Adding supportive evidence to it.（3）What is the scientists’ purpose to clone these monkeys?A. To help with the study of human diseases.B. To serve as a stepping stone to their reputation.C. To prepare for their research on human cloning.D. To raise money for holding an exhibition of novels.（4）What can we infer from the passage?A. New techniques seem to be pointless.B. Cloning humans is already on its way.C. Society won’t agree to clone another monkey.D. The success rate of cloning a monkey was not high.C3.While WeChat is China's biggest mobile messaging app (应用软件),there are many equivalent(相当的) apps in other countries that offer similar features(特征).WhatsApp (US)Users: more than 300 millionPlatforms: Android, 10S, Windows Phone, BlackBerryFeatures:Text chat, push-to-talk, file sharing, location sharingWith more than 300 million active users, WhatsApp is one of WeChat's biggest competitors. Developed by two ex-Yahoo! employees in 2009, WhatsApp originally focused on text chat, but onAug6 it also started push - to - talk service. It's noted for its accessibility, ease of use and the absence of advertisements. The service is free for the first year, after which $0.99 (6.06 yuan) is charged for one-year subscription.Kakao Talk (South Korea)Users: more than 100 millionPlatforms: Android, iOS, Windows Phone, BlackBerry and Bada (an operateing system developed by Samsung)Features: Text chat, group chat, push - to - talk, group calls, file sharingWith more than 100 million users in more than 230 countries, Kakao Talk is a multi - platform ( 多平台 ) texting application that allows users to send and receive messages for free. With Kakao Talk, users can message each other one-on one or in group chats with unlimited numbers of friends. You can also choose from more than 250 animated emoticons (表情符号) and share them with friends.Line (Japan)Users: more than 200 millionPlatforms: Android, iOS, Windows Phone, BlackBerry and PCFeatures:Text chat, group chat, push - to - talk, file sharing, location sharing, gaming, stickers.Line tops the list of the most downloaded free apps in 52 countries. Apart from text and voice messaging, Line provides its users with more than 250 original stickers and emoticons to buy from its own shop. In the first quarter of 2013 alone.it made $ ,7 million just from stickers. The popular app also allows friends to battle each other in the LINE Game.（1）The first paragraph of the passage is used to _______.A.introduce the most popular mobile messaging apps in ChinaB.talk about new features in the latest mobile messaging appsC.draw readers' attention to various popular mobile messaging appsD.explain how mobile messaging apps have become so popular（2）Compared with the other two apps, which of the following features makes Line stand out?A.Group mobile games.B.Free stickers and emoticons.C.Free download of the app.D.Text and group chat.（3）One of the popular features of WhatsApp is that users_______.A.can send and receive messages for freeB.can enjoy live video chats within groupsC.don't need to worry about unwanted adsD.regularly set free stickers and emoticonsD4.A new commodity brings about a highly profitable，fastgrowing industry, urgingantitrust (反垄断) regulators to step in to check those who control its flow A century ago, the resource in question was oil Now similar concerns are being raised by the giants (巨头) that deal in data, the oil of the digital age The most valuable firms are Google, Amazon, Facebook and Microsoft All look unstoppableSuch situations have led to calls for the tech giants to be broken up But size alone is not a crime The giants’ success has benefited consumers Few want to live without search engines or a quick delivery Far from charging consumers high prices, many of these services are free (users pay, in effect, by handing over yet more data) And the appearance of newborn giants suggest s that newcomers can make waves, too But there is cause for concern The Internet has made data abundant, allpresent and far more valuable, changing the nature of data and competition Google initially used the data collected from users to target advertising better But recently it has discovered that data can be turned into new services: translation and visual recognition, to be sold to other companies Internet companies’ control of data gives them enormous power So they have a “God’s eye view” of activities in their own markets and beyondThis nature of data makes the antitrust measures of the past less useful Breaking up firms like Google into five small ones would not stop remaking themselves: in time, one of them would become great again A rethink is required—and as a new approach starts to become apparent, two ideas stand outThe first is that antitrust authorities need to move from the industrial age into the 21st century When considering a merger (兼并)，for example, they have traditionally used size to determine when to step in They now need to take into account the extent of firms’ data assets (资产) when assessing the impact of dealsThe purchase price could also be a signal that an established company is buyinga newborn threat When this takes place, especially when a newborn company hasno revenue to speak of, the regulators should raise red flagsThe second principle is to loosen the control that providers of online services have over data and give more to those who supply them Companies could be forced to reveal to consumers what information they hold and how much money they make from it Governments could order the sharing of certain kinds of data, with users’ consent Restarting antitrust for the information age will not be easy But if governments don't want a data economy controlled by a few giants, they must act soon（1）Why is there a call to break up giants?A.They have controlled the data marketB.They collect enormous private dataC.They no longer provide free servicesD.They dismissed some newb orn giants（2）What does the technological innovation in Paragraph 3 indicate?A.Data giants’ technology is very expensiveB.Google’s idea is popular among data firmsC.Data can strengthen giants’ controlling positionD.Data can be turned into new services or products（3）By paying attention to firms’ data assets, antitrust regulators could ________A.kill a new threatB.avoid the size trapC.favour bigger firmsD.charge higher prices（4）What is the purpose of loosening the giants’ control of data?A.Big companies could relieve data security pressureernments could relieve their financial pressureC.Consumers could better protect their privacyD.Small companies could get more opportunitiesE5.UK cottagesBorth Cottage, Abersoch, North Wales Sleeps 12Borth Cottage is a luxurious coastal cottage just outside Abersoch on North Wales9 beautiful LI yn Peninsula. It is not cheap but comes with its own hot tub, sauna and mini-cinema. There are also open fires, a state of the art kitchen, anda family games room. Enjoy long coastal walks, waterskiing and windsurfing or justsitting in front of the fire with a great book. The kids will be busy exploring the big gardens and playing on Playstation 3 or watching TV.Christmas : £6,000 for a week starting on December 21New Year:£6,000 for a week starting on December 28Blaenfforest Granary and Cottage, Carmarthenshire, Wales Sleeps 4 and 2 In the heart of South West Wales5 Teifi Valley, Blaenfforest offers new luxury self-catering accommodation in The Granary ( sleeps 4) and The Cottage( sleeps 2 ). Underfloor heating and wood burning stoves ensure winter visitors are kept warm and dogs are welcome.Christmas : A week starting on December 22, £360 for The Cottage, £685 for The GranaryHembury Court, East Devon Sleeps up to 17In the famous thatched village of Broadhembury, Hembury Court offers five-star self-catering cottages located around a courtyard, which sleep two, four, five or six people. A group of 17 can book the entire place and enjoy sole use of facilities including round bams for games, activities and a party on New Year’s Eve. There is also a hot tub and a fitness suite with rural views.Christmas : December 28 to January 2, special offer of £4,250instead of £4,650 for up to 17 peopleDozmary Pool Barn, Bodmin, Cornwall Sleeps 6Located at the site where, as legend has it, Arthur’s sword was thrown, this newly renovated granite bam, overlooks wild and remote Dozmary Pool. The house is warm and modem inside and furnished to the highest standards. It has three double bedrooms, an open plan sitting room,a dining area and a kitchen with a wood-burning stove. There are two terraces overlooking the lake, a great spot for birdwatchers and water enthusiasts.Christmas and New Year: £911 for a week（1）If you want to go on holiday with a pet dog, you should choose _______.A.Borth CottageB.Dozmary Pool BamC.Hembury CourtD.Blaenfforest（2）What is the common point of these four places?A.They are all located on the seaside.B.They can be rented at the same day.C.They all belong to British cottages.D.They have the same price.（3）When 17 people go on holiday together in Hembury Court, they at least can spend _______.A.￡4,650B.￡4,250C.￡1,045D.￡6,000F6.There’s a new frontier in 3D printing that’s beginning to come into focus: food.Recent development has made possible machines that print, cook, and serve foods on a mass scale. And the industry isn’t stopping there.Food productionWith a 3D printer, a cook can print complicated chocolate sculptures and beautiful pieces for decoration on a wedding cake. Not everybody can do that —it takes years of experience, but a printer makes it easy. A restaurant in Spain uses a Foodini to “re-c reate forms and pieces” of food that are “exactly the same”, freeing cooks to complete other tasks. In another restaurant, all of the dishes and dessertsit serves are 3D-printed, rather than farm to table.Sustainability(可持续性）The global population is expected to grow to 9.6 billion by 2050, and some analysts estimate that food production will need to be raised by 50 percent to maintain current levels. Sustainability is becoming a necessity. 3D food printing could probably contribute to the solution. Some experts believe printers could use hydrocolloids (水解胶体) from plentiful renewables like algae(藻类) and grass to replace the familiar ingredients(烹饪原料). 3D printing can reduce fuel use and emissions. Grocery stores of the future might stock "food" that lasts years on end, freeing up shelf space and reducing transportation and storage requirements. NutritionFuture 3D food printers could make processed food healthier. Hod Lipson, a professor at Columbia University, said, “Food printing could allow consumers to print food with customized nutritional content, like vitamins. So instead of eating a piece of yesterday’s bread from the supermarket, you’d eat something baked just for you on demand.”ChallengesDespite recent advancements in 3D food printing, the industry has many challenges to overcome. Currently, most ingredients must be changed to a paste(糊状物) before a printer can use them, and the printing process is quite time-consuming, because ingredients interact with each other in very complex ways. On top of that, most of the 3D food printers now are restricted to dry ingredients, because meat and milk products may easily go bad. Some experts are skeptical about 3D food printers, believing they are better suited for fast food restaurants than homes and high-end restaurants.（1）What benefit does 3D printing bring to food production?A. It helps cooks to create new dishes.B. It saves time and effort in cooking.C. It improves the cooking conditions.D. It contributes to restaurant decorations.（2）What can we learn about 3D food printing from Paragraphs 3?A. It solves food shortages easily.B. It quickens the transportation of food.C. It needs no space for the storage of food.D. It uses renewable materials as sources of food.（3）According to Paragraph 4, 3D-printed food ________.A. is more available to consumersB. can meet individual nutritional needsC. is tastier than food in supermarketsD. can keep all the nutrition in raw materials（4）What is the main factor that prevents 3D food printing from spreading widely?A. The printing process is complicated.B. 3D food printers are too expensive.C. Food materials have to be dry.D. Some experts doubt 3D food printing.（5）What could be the best title of the passage?A. 3D Food Printing: Delicious New TechnologyB. A New Way to Improve 3D Food PrintingC. The Challenges for 3D Food ProductionD. 3D Food Printing: From Farm to TableG7.Many of us have reached in our pockets, feeling a vibration （振动）, wrongly believing our mobile phones have just rung. The phenomenon even has a name: phantom vibration syndrome—and found it is surprisingly common.Now scientists believe that we are so alert（警觉） for phone calls and messages we are misinterpreting slight muscle spasms （痉挛） as proof of a call. Robert Rosenberger, an assistant professor at the Georgia Tech Institute of Technology has studied the delusional calls. He said sufferers describe a vague tingling feeling which they think is their mobile phone indicating it has received a text message or call while on ‘silent’. But when the device is retrieved, there was no one on the other end.Dr. Rosenberger said “I find so many people say, ‘This happens to me, but I thoughtI was the only one. I thought I was odd. ”It seems that the syndrome particularlyaffects people at the beck and call of mobile phones or pagers. A 2010 study by Michael Rothberg and colleagues found that nearly 70 per cent of doctors at a hospital in Massachusetts suffered phantom vibrations. A more recent study of US college students found the figure was as high as 90 per cent.While the odd feeling is widespread, it does not seem to be considered a grave problem.Dr. Ros enberger said: “it's not actually a syndrome in a technical sense. That's just the name that's got stuck to it.” He added: “Only 2 per cent of people consider it a problem.”While widespread, the scientific community has not yet invested much effort in getting to the bottom of why we suffer phantom calls.Dr. Rosenberger said: “People are guessing it has something to do with nervous energy. The cognitive（认知的） scientists are talking about brain chemistry, cognitive pathways changing. But it's not like they h ave brain scans to go on.”He said: “We have a phone call in our pocket all the time and it becomes sort of an extension of ourselves. We have this sort of readiness to experience a call.We feel something and we think, OK, that could be a call.”（1）Why do some people mistake slight muscle spasms for a call?A. They all have a vivid imagination.B. They are sensitive to calls and messages.C. There are few calls and messages in their life.D. Slight muscle spasms affect them more than other people（2）Which of the following are more likely to have phantom vibration syndrome thanothers?A. Doctors.B. University professors.C. College students.D. The cognitive scientists.（3）In Dr. Rosenberger's opinion, phantom vibration syndrome ___.A. isn't a kind of disease actuallyB. is considered a problem by most peopleC. is a serious problem ignored by peopleD. has something to do with brain chemistry（4）What does the text mainly talk about?A. Most people have phantom vibration syndrome.B. How to keep away from phantom vibration syndrome.C. How to reduce phantom phone vibrations.D. People care too much about phantom phone vibrationsH8.When a driver slams on the brakes to avoid hitting a pedestrian crossing the road illegally, she is making a moral decision that shifts risk from the pedestrian to the people in the car Self-driving cars might soon have to make such ethical (道德的)judgments on their own — but settling on a universal moral code for the vehicles could be a tough task, suggests a surveyThe largest ever survey of machine ethics, called the Moral Machine, laid out 13 possible situations in which someone’s death was unavoidable Respondents were asked to choose who to spare in situations that involved a mix of variables: young or old, rich or poor, more people or fewer Within 18 months, the online quiz had recorded 40 million decisions made by people from 233 countries and territories When the researchers analysed these answers, they found that the nations could be divided into three groups One contains North America and several European nations where Christianity has been the dominant (占支配地位的)religion; another includes countries such as Japan, Indonesia and Pakistan, with strong Confucian or Islamic traditions A third group consists of countries in Central and South America, such as Colombia and Brazil The first group showed a stronger preference for sacrificing older lives to save younger ones than did the second group, for exampleThe researchers also identified relationships between social and economic factors in a country They found that people from relatively wealthy countries with strong institutions, such as Finland and Japan, more often chose to hit people who stepped into traffic illegally than did respondents in nations with weaker institutions, such as Nigeria or PakistanPeople rarely face such moral dilemmas, and some cities question whether the possible situations posed in the online quiz are relevant to the ethical and practical questions surrounding driverless cars But the researchers argue that the findings reveal cultural differences that governments and makers of self-drivingcars must take into account if they want the vehicles to gain public acceptance At least Barbara Wege, who heads a group working on autonomous-vehicle ethics at Audi in Ingolstadt, Germany, says such studies are valuable Wege argues that self-driving cars would cause fewer accidents, proportionally, than human drivers do each year—but that people might focus more on events involving robots Surveys such as the Moral Machine can help to begin public discussions about these unavoidable accidents that might develop trust “We need to come up with a social consensus,” she says, “about which risks we are willing to take”（1）Why is it difficult to set universal moral rules for programming self-driving cars?A．Social values always change with the timesB．Moral choices vary between different culturesC．Drivers have a preference for sacrificing the weakD．Car makers are faced with decisions of life or death（3）The researchers conducted the study by_____A．using a massive online quiz worldwideB．comparing different cultures and customsC．dividing the respondents into three groupsD．performing a series of controlled experiments（3）According to the study, in which country are drivers more likely to hit a pedestrian crossing the road illegally?A．Nigeria B．Colombia C．Finland D．Indonesia（4）Barbara Wege would probably agree that _____A．Self-driving cars will greatly improve the traffic environmentB．Accidents caused by self-driving cars might receive more attention C．Problems involving self-driving cars might shake the public trust in society D．Car makers needn’t take the risk of solving self-driving car ethical dilemmas答案解析1.【参考答案】（1）D；（2）C；（3）A；（4）A；2.【参考答案】（1）B；（2）B；（3）A；（4）D【解析】本文是一篇科普类的文章。
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第二部分专题一第4讲【真题达标组】A(2019全国卷Ⅱ，C)Marian Bechtel sits at West Palm Beach's Bar Louie counter by herself, quietly reading her e－book as she waits for her salad. What is she reading? None of your business! Lunch is Bechtel's “me” time. And like more Americans, she's not alone.A new report found 46 percent of meals are eaten alone in America. More than half(53 percent)have breakfast alone and nearly half (46 percent) have lunch by themselves. Only at dinnertime are we eating together anymore,74 percent，according to statistics from the report.“I prefer to go out and be out. Alone，but together，you know？”Bechtel said，looking up from her book. Bechtel，who works in downtown West Palm Beach，has lunch with coworkers sometimes，but like many of us，too often works through lunch at her desk. A lunchtime escape allows her to keep a boss from tapping her on the shoulder. She returns to work feeling energized. “Today，I just wanted some time to myself，” she said.Just two seats over，Andrew Mazoleny，a local videographer，is finishing his lunch at the bar. He likes that he can sit and check his phone in peace or chat up the barkeeper with whom he's on a first－name basis if he wants to have a little interaction(交流). “I reflect on how my day's gone and think about the rest of the week，” he said. “It's a chance for self－reflection. You return to work recharged and with a plan.”That freedom to choose is one reason more people like to eat alone. There was a time when people may have felt awkward about asking for a table for one，but those days are over. Now，we have our smartphones to keep us company at the table. “It doesn't feel as alone as it may have before all the advances in technology，”said Laurie Demerit, whose company provided the statistics for the report.()1.What are the statistics in paragraph 2 about?A．Food variety.B．Eating habits.C．Table manners.D．Restaurant service.()2.Why does Bechtel prefer to go out for lunch?A．To meet with her coworkers.B．To catch up with her work.C．To have some time on her own.D．To collect data for her report.()3.What do we know about Mazoleny?A．He makes videos for the bar.B．He's fond of the food at the bar.C．He interviews customers at the bar.D．He's familiar with the barkeeper.()4.What is the text mainly about?A．The trend of having meals alone.B．The importance of self－reflection.C．The stress from working overtime.D．The advantage of wireless technology.【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文，列举了越来越多人喜欢单独吃饭的现象，并解释了原因。
1．B细节理解题。
文章第二段主要是一篇关于各种饮食习惯的比例分析报告，故选B。
2．C推理判断题。
根据文章第三段“Today，I just wanted some time to myself…”可知出去吃午餐是为了有点儿自己的时间，故选C。
3．D细节理解题。
根据文章第四段“He likes that he can sit and check his phone in peace or chat up the barkeeper…”可知他与酒吧老板相熟，故选D。
4．A主旨大意题。
本文主要反映了现在越来越多的人习惯于独自用餐，形成一种趋势，故选A。
B(2018，北京卷，A)My First Marathon(马拉松)A month before my first marathon, one of my ankles was injured and this meant not running for two weeks, leaving me only two weeks to train.Yet, I was determined to go ahead.I remember back to my 7th year in school.In my first P．E.class, the teacher required us to run laps and then hit a softball.I didn't do either well.He later informed me that I was “not athletic”．The idea that I was “not athletic” stuck with me for years.When I started running in my 30s, I realized running was a battle against myself, not about competition or whether or not I was athletic.It was all about the battle against my own body and mind.A test of wills!The night before my marathon, I dreamt that I couldn't even find the finish line.I woke up sweating and nervous, but ready to prove something to myself.Shortly after crossing the start line, my shoe laces(鞋带) became untied.So I stopped to readjust.Not the start I wanted!At mile 3, I passed a sign: “GO FOR IT, RUNNERS！”By mile 17, I became out of breath and the once injured ankle hurt badly.Despite the pain, I stayed the course walking a bit and then running again.By mile 21, I was starving!As I approached mile 23, I could see my wife waving a sign.She is my biggest fan.She never minded the alarm clock sounding at 4 a．m.or questioned my expenses on running.I was one of the final runners to finish.But I finished! And I got a medal.In fact, I got the same medal as the one that the guy who came in first place had.Determined to be myself, move forward, free of shame and worldly labels(世俗标签), I can now call myself a “marathon winner”．()5.A month before the marathon, the author ________.A．was well trainedB．felt scaredC．made up his mind to runD．lost hope()6.Why did the author mention the P．E.class in his 7th year?A．To acknowledge the support of his teacher.B．To amuse the readers with a funny story.C．To show he was not talented in sports.D．To share a precious memory.()7.How was the author's first marathon?A．He made it.B．He quit halfway.C．He got the first prize.D．He walked to the end.()8.What does the story mainly tell us?A．A man owes his success to his family support.B．A winner is one with a great effort of will.C．Failure is the mother of success.D．One is never too old to learn.【语篇解读】本文为一篇记叙文。