2020考研英语语法：主动句变被动句
20个主动句变被动句英语
20个主动句变被动句主动句：She wrote the letter. 被动句：The letter was written by her.主动句：He is cooking dinner. 被动句：Dinner is being cooked by him.主动句：They have finished the project. 被动句：The project has been finished by them.主动句：He will teach the class. 被动句：The class will be taught by him.主动句：She gave me the book. 被动句：The book was given to me by her.主动句：He can fix the car. 被动句：The car can be fixed by him.主动句：They should clean the house. 被动句：The house should be cleaned by them.主动句：She is reading a book. 被动句：A book is being read by her.主动句：He has bought a new car. 被动句：A new car has been bought by him.主动句：They are painting the walls. 被动句：The walls are being painted by them.主动句：She will cook dinner. 被动句：Dinner will be cooked by her.主动句：He gave her a gift. 被动句：A gift was given to her by him.主动句：They can fix the problem. 被动句：The problem can be fixed by them.主动句：She should finish the report. 被动句：The report should be finished by her.主动句：He is driving the car. 被动句：The car is being driven by him.主动句：They have booked a hotel. 被动句：A hotel has been booked by them.主动句：She will sing a song. 被动句：A song will be sung by her.主动句：He gave the keys to her. 被动句：The keys were given to her by him.主动句：They are building a house. 被动句：A house is being built by them.主动句：She can speak French. 被动句：French can be spoken by her.。
考研英语翻译中语态转换详解
由于在英汉两种语⾔当中都有主动和被动两种语态，在英译汉时，⼈们常常会简单地认为只要按照原句的语态处理就⾏了。
事实上并⾮如此。
在英语中被动语态的使⽤频率要远远⾼于汉语。
如果⼀味按照英语的语态来翻译，往往会使译⽂显得⼗分别扭，带有明显的翻译腔，甚⾄出现⽂理不通的情况。
⼀、主动句转换成被动句 There are more than60,000 prosecutions a year for shoplifting. 参考译⽂:每年有六万多⼈因在超市偷窃⽽被起诉。
⼆、被动句转换成主动句 1.转换成含被动义的主动句 汉语译⽂的句型从形式上看是主动语态，但其中被动的含义不⾔⽽喻。
在翻译英语被动句时，⼀般不⽤改变原句的结构，直接译出即可。
If understanding prevails, UNCTAD is in a position to replace confrontation with agreement; it cannot be put off. 参考译⽂:若能普遍形成谅解，联合国贸发会议就能⽤协议取代对抗；这项⼯作不能再拖延下去了。
2.转换成带表语的主动句 英语中许多表⽰某种结果或状态的被动结构⼀般应转换成汉语的系表结构，把原句中的有关状语或施事⽅移到汉语的表语之中。
A dialect is known by every linguist in this room. 参考译⽂:有⼀种⽅⾔是在座的每⼀位语⾔学家都懂得的。
3.转换成⽆主句⽆主句是汉语特有的句⼦形式，其作⽤和效果相当于英语中⽆施事⽅的被动句，因⽽可以⽤来翻译某些英语被动形式。
It must be admitted that only when we get a taste of its abuse will we feel the full meaning of cloning. 参考译⽂:必须承认，只有当我们尝到克隆被滥⽤的恶果之后，我们才会彻底明⽩其价值所在。
语态转换理解考研语态转换的原则和实例
语态转换理解考研语态转换的原则和实例语态是英语中的一个重要语法概念，它主要分为主动语态和被动语态。
在考研英语中，语态转换是一个常见的题型，要求考生根据给定的句子，将其改写成相应的语态。
本文将介绍语态转换的原则和实例，并且以实例来解释原则，帮助考生更好地理解和掌握语态转换。
一、语态转换的原则在进行语态转换时，需要考虑以下原则：1. 主动语态转被动语态：将主动的动作承受者放在句子的前面，即成为句子的主语；动词变为被动形式，be动词根据主句的时态和语态进行变化。
2. 被动语态转主动语态：将句子中的被动动词还原为主动形式，即成为句子的谓语动词；如果有需要，则加上合适主语。
3. 转换时保持句意的一致性：语态转换后，句子的主干内容和含义不能改变。
二、语态转换实例以实例来说明语态转换的原则：1. 主动语态转被动语态原句：They built a new bridge across the river.被动语态：A new bridge was built across the river by them.解析：在原句中，主语是"They"，动词为"built"。
按照原则1，将动作承受者放在句子的前面并成为主语，同时将动词的形式改为被动形式"was built"，并根据主句的时态和语态确定be动词的形式。
最后，加上介词"by"以表示动作的执行者。
2. 被动语态转主动语态原句：A new book was given to him by his teacher.主动语态：His teacher gave him a new book.解析：在原句中，主语是"A new book"，动词为"was given"。
按照原则2，将句子中的被动动词"was given"还原为主动形式"gave"，同时加上合适的主语"his teacher"。
如何把主动语态转换为被动语态
如何把主动语态转换为被动语态语态是动词的一种形式，用来说明主语和谓语动词之间的关系。
其中主动语态表示主语执行动作，被动语态表示主语承受动作。
那么，怎样把主动语态转换为被动语态呢？1. 先确定主动句的主、谓、宾，找出其谓语动词；2. 把主动句中谓语动词后面的宾语变为被动句的主语，若宾语是人称代词时，应把宾格变为主格；3. 把主动句中的谓语动词变为“助动词be + 及物动词的过去分词”结构，但时态不能改变；4. 把主动句中谓语动词前面的主语变为被动句中介词by的宾语(没必要说出动作的执行者时可略去“by + 宾语”)，若主语是人称代词时，应把主格变为宾格。
友情提示：1. 如果主动语态中含有动词短语变为被动语态时，不可丢掉短语末尾的介词或副词。
如：You can look up this word in the dictionary. →This word can be looked up in the dictionary.2. 使役动词make, have及感官动词see, hear, watch, feel等后接省略to的不定式作宾语补足语的主动语态变为被动语态时，动词不定式的符号to还要加上去。
如：The boss made them work for 16 hours a day. →They were made to work for 16 hours a day (by the boss).We saw them work in that workshop. →They were seen to work (by us) in that workshop.3. 如果主动语态的句子中含有双宾语变为被动语态时，有两种方法：①将指人的间接宾语作被动语态的主语时，要将人称代词宾格变为人称代词主格，指物的直接宾语保留不变；②将指物的直接宾语变为被动语态的主语时，间接宾语保留不变，但要在其前加介词for或to。
英语语法：主动语态变被动语态的一些方法
英语语法：主动语态变被动语态的一些方法主动语态变被动语态的方法1. 基本方法将主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语，将主动谓语变为被动谓语(be+过去分词)，将主动语态的主语变为by短语(在被动句中用作状语)：He stole our money.→Our money was stolen by him.【注】(1)若不强调动词执行者，被动语态中的by短语通常能够省略：The house was built in 1978. 这座房子是1978年建的。
(2) 在转变语态时，要注意保持两种语态时态的一致性：The students will study the problem.→The problem will be studied by the students.A friend of ours is repairing the roof.→The roof is being repaired by a friend of ours.2. 双宾动词的被动语态双宾动词即指带双宾语的动词，它们在变为被动语态时，有以下两种情形值得注意：(1) 有些双宾动词(如award, buy, give, leave, lend, offer, pay, show, teach, tell等)在变为被动语态时，既可把间接宾语(指人)变为被动语态的主语，而把直接宾语(指事物)保留下来(称为保留宾语)，也可把直接宾语(指事物) 变为被动语态的主语，而把间接宾语改为介词to 或for引起的状语(到底用to还是for，与所搭配的动词相关)。
比较：He gave her some money. 他给她一些钱。
→ She was given some money. / Some money was given to her.He bought her a watch. 他给她买了一快表。
→ A watch was bought for her. / She was bought a watch.(2) 有些双宾动词(如bring, do, make, pass, sell, send, sing, write等)通常用直接宾语(指事物)作被动语态的主语，而将间接宾语用作保留宾语(其前根据情况用介词to或for)：Father made me a doll. → A doll was made for me.He wrote her a letter. → A letter was written to her.(3) 有些双宾动词(如answer, deny, envy, refuse, save, spare等)通常用间接宾语(指人)作被动语态的主语，而将直接宾语用作保留宾语：He answered me that question. → I was an swered that question by him.3. 含有情态动词的被动形式若主动语态中谓语含有情态动词，在相对应的被动语态中通常应保留该情态动词，其结构为“情态动词+be(或be的适当时态形式)+过去分词”：Everyone must know this. →This must be known by everyone.请看以下带情态动词被动句实例：This can’t be done in a short time. 这不是短期内能够完成的。
主动语态变被动语态的几个特例
主动语态变被动语态的几个特例一、含有双宾语的句子变为被动语态时，多数将主动句中的间接宾语变为被动句的主语，直接宾语作保留宾语；也可将直接宾语变为主语，间接宾语作保留宾语，但这时保留宾语前多加介词to或for。
如：He gave me a new watch.→1) I was given a new watch.2) A new watch was given to me.二、含有复合宾语且宾语补足语是名词的句子变为被动语态时，只能将主动句中的宾语变为被动句中的主语，宾补不可变为主语。
如：They call me Jim.→I am called Jim.(不可说：Jim is called me.)三、主语为疑问词的疑问句变为被动语态时，用“By+疑问词（宾格）”置于句首。
如：Who broke the glass?→By whom was the glass broken?四、祈使句变为被动语态时，要改为“Let +原宾语+be+过去分词”。
如：Close the window.→Let the window be closed.五、带宾语从句的复合句变为被动语态时，多用it作形式主语置于句首，原宾语从句成为真正主语（从句），从句中也需用被动语态。
如：People said that Lin Feng could take good care of the baby.→It was said that the baby could be taken good care of by Lin Feng.六、含有谓语动词know的主动句变为被动语态时，不用by短语，需by改为to。
如：We all know the scientist.→The scientist is known to us all.七、no one、nobody等否定代词作主语的句子变为被动语态时，谓语动词用否定式，不再用原主语，但可加上byanyone、byanybody等短语。
主动语态变被动语态的方法+习题
主动语态变被动语态的方法一、主动语态和被动语态概说英语的语态分主动语态和被动语态，主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，而被动语态则表示主语是动作的承受者。
被动语态由“助动词be+过去分词”构成：Everybodylikeshim.大家都喜欢他。
(主动语态)Heislikedbyeverybody.他受到大家的喜欢。
(被动语态)二、主动语态变被动语态的方法1.主动语态变被动语态的基本方法将主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语，将主动谓语变为被动谓语(be+过去分词)，将主动语态的主语变为by短语(在被动句中用作状语)：Hebrokethecup.→Thecupwasbrokenbyhim.【注意】若不强调动词执行者，被动语态中的by短语通常可以省略：Hewasbornin1986.他生于1986年。
Whatisthisflowercalled这种花叫什么花2.双宾动词的被动语态双宾动词即指带双宾语的动词，它们在变为被动语态时，通常是把间接宾语(指人)变为被动语态的主语，而把直接宾语(指事物)保留下来(称为保留宾语)：Heansweredmethatquestion.→Iwasansweredt hatquestionbyhim.有的动词则通常把直接宾语(指事物)变为被动语态的主语，而把间接宾语改为介词to或for引起的状语(到底用to还是for，与所搭配的动词有关)：Hewroteheraletter.→Aletterwaswrittentoher.(与动词write搭配用介词to)Shemadehimanewcoat.→Anewcoatwasmadeforhim.(与动词make搭配用介词for)有时以上两种方式均可用：Hegavehersomemoney.他给她一些钱。
→Shewasg ivensomemoney./.他给她买了一块表。
→Awatchwasboughtforher./.被动语态的时态被动语态的时态由被动结构“be+过去分词”中的动词be来体现，其基本结构和用法如下：(1)一般现在时的被动语态：am[is,are]+过去分词Englishistaughtinourschool.我们学校学英语。
被动语态讲解（1）主动句变为被动句所遵循的4个步骤：
被动语态讲解（1）主动句变为被动句所遵循的4个步骤：初中被动语态语法讲解主动句变为被动句所遵循的4个步骤：1、把原主动句中的宾语变为被动句的主语2、把动词变为被动形式即be +过去分词，并注意其人称和数随主语的变化，而动词的时态则保持不变。
3、原主动句的主语如需要则放在by后面以它的宾格形式出现（注代词的宾格），如不需要则可省略。
4、其它的成分（定语、状语）不变。
(一) 语态分类英语动词有两种语态.，主动语态和被动语态。
主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。
如：They will build a new bridge over the river. (主动)A new bridge will be built over the river. (被动)汉语中常用“被”、“给”、“由”、“受”等词用来表示被动，而英语用：助动词be + 及物动词的过去分词构成。
(二) 被动语态的时态、人称和数的变化主要体现在be的变化上，其形式与系动词be的变化形式完全一样。
一般现在时：am / is / are + done一般过去时：was / were + done一般将来时：shall / will + be done一般过去将来时：should / would + be done现在进行时：am / is / are + being + done过去进行时：was / were + being + done现在完成时：have / has + been + done过去完成时：had + been + done将来完成时：shall / will + have been + done过去将来完成时：should / would + have been + done［注］被动语态没有将来进行时和过去将来进行时。
(三)常见的八种时态中的被动语态1. 一般现在时：(1)People grow rice in the south of the country.Rice is grown in the south of the country.(2)The school doesn't allow us to enter the chemistry lab without a teacher. We are not allowed to enter the chemistry lab without a teacher.2. 一般过去时：(1)They agreed on the building of a new car factory last month.The building of a new car factory was agreed on last month.(2)The students didn't forget his lessons easily.His lessons were not easily forgotten3. 一般将来时：(1)They will send cars abroad by sea.Cars will be sent abroad by sea.(2)They will give plenty of jobs to school-leavers.Plenty of jobs will be given to school-leavers.4. 过去将来时：(1)The manager said they would complete the project by the end of the year. The manager said the project would be completed by the end of the year. (2) The workers told me they would mend the car as soon as possible.The workers told me that the car would be mended as soon as possible.5. 现在进行时：(1)The radio is broadcasting English lessons.English lessons are being broadcasted on the radio.(2) We are painting the rooms.The rooms are being painted.6. 过去进行时：(1)The workers were mending the road.The road was being mended.(2)This time last year we were planting trees here.Trees were being planted here this time last year.7. 现在完成时：(1)Someone has told me the sports meeting might be put off.I have been told the sports meeting might be put off.(2)He has brought his book here.His book has been brought here.8. 过去完成时：(1)When I got to the theatre, I found they had already sold out the tickets.When I got to the theatre, I found the tickets had already been sold out.(2) The whole country was very sad at the news of his death; People had considered him to be a great leader.He had been considered to be a great leader(四）含有情态动词的被动语态：含有情态动词的被动语态是由“情态动词+ be+ 及物动词的过去分词”构成。
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
孩子们喜欢这些歌曲。
These songs are loved by children.（被动语态）
这些歌曲受到孩子们的喜爱。
第一句的侧重点在“人”，即某人怎样；第二句的侧重点在“事”，即某事如何。
三、各种时态被动语态的比较
我们知道，被动语态是由“助动词be+及物动词的过去分词”构成的。
人称、数和时态的变化是通过be的变化来体现的。
下面以do为例来比较一下各种时态以及情态动词被动语态的构成：
一般现在时:am/is/are+done
一般过去时：was/were+done
一般将来时：will/shall be+done
现在进行时：am/is/are being+done
过去进行时：was/were being+done
现在完成时：have/has been+done
情态动词：情态动词be+done
通过比较我们可以更清楚地了解各种时态的被动语态的构成，从而更好地把握和运用被动语态，尤其是在句型转换练习中。
只要掌握了其中规律，无论是主动变被动还是被动变主动，其实都非常容易掌握和操作，同学们可以在认真思考一下，内化吸收争取做到灵活使用。