病理生理学中英文对照
病理生理学中英文词汇对照
病理生理学中英文词汇对照afterload 后负荷anatomic shunt 解剖短路anoxia 缺氧anuria 无尿autoinfusion 自身输液autotransfusion 自身输血azotemia 氮质血症blood urea nitrogen (BUN) 血尿素氮brain death 脑死亡cardiac asthma 心源性哮喘cardiac insufficiency 心功能不全 cellular edema 细胞水肿Central venous pressure (CVP)dead space like ventilation 死腔样通气 dehydration 脱水diffusion impairment 弥散障碍 disease 疾病dyspnea 呼吸困难eccentric hypertrophy 远心性肥大 edema 水肿enterogenous cyanosis 肠源性紫绀 etiology 病原学exogenous pyrogen 外源性致热源false neurotransmitter 假性神经介质 fever 发热filtrate passive back flow 原尿回漏 frank edema 显性水肿functional dead space 功能性死腔 heart failure 心力衰竭hemic hypoxia 血液性缺氧hepatic encephalopathy 肝性脑病hepatic insufficiency 肝功能不全 hepatocellular jaundice 肝细胞性黄疸high output heart failure 高输出量性心力衰竭histogenous hypoxia 组织性缺氧 histotoxic hypoxia 组织中毒性缺氧 Homeostasis 内环境稳定，稳态 hydrops 积水,积液 hyperbilirubinemia 高胆红素血症hyperdynamic shock 高动力型休克 hyperkalemia 高钾血症hyperthermia 过热hypertonic dehydration 高渗性脱水 hypodynamic shock 低支力型休克 hypokalemia 低钾血症hyposthenuria 低渗尿hypotonic dehydration 低渗性缺水hypotonic hypoxemia 低张性低氧血症hypovolemic shock 低血容量性休克hypoxic hypoxia 乏氧性缺氧icterus 黄疸incomplete recovery 不完全恢复健康 infectious shock 感染性休克ischemic anoxia 缺血性缺氧 isosthenuriaisotonic dehydration 等渗性缺水isotonic hypoxemia 等张性低氧血症 jaundice 黄疸kernicterus 核黄疸ketoacidosis 酮症酸中毒lactic acidosis 乳酸酸中毒low output heart failure 低输出量性心力衰竭mechanism 机制metabolic acidosis 代谢性酸中毒metabolic alkalosis 代谢性碱中毒microangiopathic hemolytic anemia 微血管病性溶血性贫血myocardial contractility 心肌收缩性myocardial failure 心肌衰竭myocardial hypertrophy 心肌肥大nitremia 氮质血症nocturia 夜尿nonesterified bilirubin 非酯型胆红素nonoliguric acute renal failure 非少尿型急性肾功能衰竭nuclear jaundice 核黄疸obstructive hypoventilation 阻塞性通气不足obstructive jaundice 梗阻性黄疸occult edema 隐性水肿oliguria 少尿orthopnea 强迫坐位、端坐呼吸oxygen capacity 血氧容量oxygen content 血氧含量paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea 夜间阵发性呼吸困难pathogenesis 发病学pathological process 病理过程pathophysiology 病理生理学postrenal acute renal failure 后性急性肾功能衰竭precipitating factor 诱因preload 前负荷prerenal acute renal failure 肾前性急性肾功能衰竭pressure overload 压力负荷过度pulmonary encephalopathy 肺性脑病pump failure 泵衰竭pyrogen 致热源recessive edema 隐性水肿renal anemia 肾性贫血renal insufficiency 肾功能不全renal osteodystrophy 肾性骨营养不良respiratory acidosis 呼吸性酸中毒respiratory alkalosis 呼吸性碱中毒respiratory failure 呼吸衰竭respiratory hypoxia 呼吸性缺氧respiratory insufficiency 呼吸功能不全restrictive hypoventilation 限制性通气不足shock 休克sign 体征symptom 症状。
《病理生理学》专业术语中英文对照
agitation激越
agonosia失认
alarm stage警觉期
albuminuria蛋白尿
aldosterone醛固酮
bradykinin缓激肽
bradykinin, BK缓激肽
brain脑
brain death脑死亡
brain stem reticular formation脑干网状结构
《病理生理学》专业术语中英文对照
A
α-adrenoceptorα-肾上腺素受体
a-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4- isoxa- zolep-
propionatea-氨基-3-羟基-5-甲基-4-异恶唑-丙酸
calcium overload钙超载
calcium paradox钙反常
calcium sensing receptor钙敏感受体
calcium wave钙波
cAMP response element binding protein，CREBcAMP 反应元件结合蛋白
anemic hypoxia贫血性缺氧
angioneurotic edema血管神经性水肿
angiotensin血管紧张素Ⅱ
angiotensin conversing enzyme inhibitor, ACEI血管紧张素转换酶抑制剂
acid-base balance酸碱平衡
acid-base disturbance酸碱平衡紊乱
acquired immunodeficiency syndrome，AIDS获得性免疫缺陷综合症
actin肌动蛋白
antidiuretic hormone, ADH抗利尿激素
病理学全部中英文索引
中英文索引reversible injury 可逆性损伤irreversible injury 不可逆性损伤adaptation 适应atrophy 萎缩hypoplasia 发育不全aplasia 未发育malnutrition atrophy 营养不良性萎缩denervation atrophy 神经性萎缩disuse atrophy 废用性萎缩pressure atrophy 压迫性萎缩endocrine atrophy 内分泌性萎缩ischemic atrophy 缺血性萎缩brown atrophy 褐色萎缩hypertrophy 肥大hyperplasia 增生dysplasia 不典型增生intraepithelial neoplasia 上皮内肿瘤metaplasia 化生squamous metaplasia 鳞状上皮化生intestinal metaplasia 肠上皮化生aging 老化clock gene 时钟基因perforin 穿孔素reperfusion injury 再灌注损伤degeneration 变性hydropic degeneration 水样变性fatty degeneration 脂肪变性fatty change 脂肪变liposome 脂质小体fatty liver 脂肪肝hyaline degeneration 玻璃样变性arteriolosclerosis 细动脉硬化症mucoid degeneration 粘液样变性myxedema 粘液性水肿amyloid 淀粉样物质amyloid degeneration 淀粉样变性amyloidosis 淀粉样物质沉着症amyloid light chain 淀粉样轻链senile heart amyloidosis老年性心脏淀粉样物质沉着症amyloid transthyretin 淀粉样转甲状腺蛋白beta2-microglobulin β2-微球蛋白foamy cell 泡沫细胞Russell’s body 拉塞尔小体Mallory’s body 马洛里小体periodic acid-schiff PASpathological pigment 病理性色素melanin 黑色素lipofuscin 脂褐素hemosiderin 含铁血黄素pathologic calcification 病理性钙化dystrophic calcification 营养不良性钙化metastatic calcification 转移性钙化cell death 细胞死亡necrosis 坏死pyknosis 核浓缩karyorrhexis 核碎裂karyolysis 核溶解coagulative necrosis 凝固性坏死liquefactive necrosis 液化性坏死caseous necrosis 干酪样坏死fat necrosis 脂肪坏死fibrinoid necrosis 纤维素样坏死fibrinoid degeneration 纤维素样变性gangrene 坏疽dry gangrene 干性坏疽wet gangrene 湿性坏疽gas gangrene 气性坏疽erosion 糜烂ulcer 溃疡cavity 空洞sinus 窦道fistula 瘘管organization 机化encapsulation 包裹apoptosis 凋亡programmed cell death 程序性死亡apoptotic bodies 凋亡小体Bcl-2 family of proteins Bcl-2 蛋白家族ladder DNA 梯状DNATUNEL 缺口末端标记INST 原位缺口平移英中文索引amputation tumor 截肢后神经瘤angiopoietin,Ang 血管生成素autocrine 自分泌cadherin 钙粘素cell adhesion mulecules, CAMS 细胞粘附分子cell cycle 细胞周期chalon 抑素checkpoint 校验点chondroitin sulfate 硫酸软骨素contact inhibition 接触抑制cyclin 周期素cyclin-dependent kinase, CDK 周期素依赖激酶抑制物encapsulation 包裹endocrine 内分泌epidermal growth facto, EGF 表皮生长因子extracellular matrix ，ECM 细胞外基质exuberant granulation 过度生长的肉芽组织fibroblast growth factor ，FGF 纤维母细胞生长因子fibronectin, FN 纤维连接蛋白fracture 骨折granulation tissue 肉芽组织granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor, GM-CSF 粒细胞—巨噬细胞集落刺激因子healing under scar 痂下愈合heparin sulfate 硫酸肝素hyaluronan 透明质酸素immunoglobulin super family ,IgSF 免疫球蛋白超家族insuli-like growth factor, IGF 胰岛素样生长因子integrion family, IF 整合蛋白家族interleutin-I，IL—1 白细胞介素Iinterphase 间期keloid 瘢痕疙瘩keratinocyte growth factor, KGF 角化细胞生长因子labile cells 不稳定性细胞laminin, LN 层粘连蛋白matricellular protein 基质细胞蛋白metalloproteinase 金属蛋白酶mitogen-activated protein, MAP 丝裂原激活蛋白mitotic phase 分裂期myofibroblast 肌纤维母细胞organization 机化osteonectin 骨连接蛋白osteopondin 骨桥蛋白paracrine 旁分泌permanent cells 永久性细胞platelet derived growth factor, PDGF 血小板源性生长因子primary healing 一期愈合proliferation promotor 促增生因子regeneration 再生repair 修复scar 瘢痕secondary healing 二期愈合Selectin family, SF 选择蛋白家族stable cell 稳定性细胞tenascin 细胞粘合素thrombospondin 血小板反应蛋白tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 金属蛋白酶组织抑制物transcription factor 转录因子transforming growth factor, TGF 转化生长因子traumatic neuroma 创伤性神经瘤tumor necrosis factor ，TNF 肿瘤坏死因子vascular endothelial growth factor, VEGF 血管内皮生长因子Wallerian degeneration 沃勒变性wound healing 创伤愈合中英文索引adhesion 粘附反应aggregation 粘集反应air embolism 气体栓塞amniotic fluid embolism 羊水栓塞anasarca 全身性水肿anemic infarct 贫血性梗死arterial hyperemia 动脉性充血arteriolith 动脉石caisson disease 沉箱病calcification 钙化congestion 淤血congestive liver cirrhosis 淤血性肝硬变crossed embolism 交叉性栓塞decompression sickness 减压病divers disease 潜水员病ecchymosis 淤斑edema 水肿embolism 栓塞embolus 栓子fat embolism 脂肪栓塞fibrin 纤维素fibrinous thrombus 纤维素性血栓fibronectin FN 纤维连接蛋白hematoma 血肿hemorrhage 出血hemorrhagic infarct 出血性梗死hyaline thrombus 透明血栓hydrocephalus 脑积水hydropericardium 心包积水hydroperitoneum 腹腔积水hydrops 积水hydrothorax 胸腔积水hyperemia 充血infarction 梗死local edema 局部性水肿microthrombus 微血栓mixed thrombus 混合血栓mural thrombus 附壁血栓nutmeg liver 槟榔肝pale thrombus 白色血栓paradoxical embolism 反常性栓塞petechia 瘀点pulmonary embolism 肺动脉栓塞purpura 紫癜red infarct 红色梗死red thrombus 红色血栓release reaction 释放反应retrograde embolism 逆行性栓塞saddle emboliom 骑跨性栓塞septic infarct 败血性梗死thromboembolism 血栓栓塞thrombosis 血栓形成thrombus 血栓venokith 静脉石venous hyperemia 静脉性充血white infarct 白色梗死inflammation 炎症inflammatory agent 致炎因子infection 感染alteration 变质exudates 渗出物（渗出液）exudation 渗出proliferation 增生inflammatory hyperemia 炎性充血stasis 淤滞immediate transient response 速发短暂反应structure reorganization of the cytoskeleton 细胞骨架的结构重组immediate-sustained response 速发持续反应delayed prolonged response 迟发持续反应transudation 漏出leucocyteextravasation 白细胞渗出emigration 游出chemotaxis 趋化作用transcytosis 穿胞作用chemotactic agents 趋化因子phagosome 吞噬体phagolysosome 吞噬溶酶体opsonin 调理素phagocytin 杀菌素bactericidal permeability-increasing protein 杀菌通透性增加蛋白margination 靠边rolling 滚动transmigration 游走adhesion 粘附emigration 游出chemotasis 趋化phagocytosis 吞噬作用degradation 游走bradykinin 缓激肽inflammatory mediator 炎症介质natural killer cell, NK 自然杀伤细胞vasoactive amines 血管活性胺serotonin 血清素5-hydroxytryptamine，5-HT 5-羟色胺arachidonic acid，AA 花生四烯酸phagocytin 杀菌素defensins 防御素phospholipase A2,PLA2 磷脂酶A2prostagladin,PG 前列腺素thromboxane A2，TXA2 血栓素leukotrene,LT 白细胞三烯lipoxins 脂毒素transcellular biosynthetic mechanism 转细胞生物合成机制platelet-activating factor，PAF 血小板激活因子cytokines 细胞因子exudative inflammation 渗出性炎alterative inflammation 变质性炎serous inflammation 浆液性炎pseudomembranous inflammation 假膜性炎fibrinous inflammation 纤维素性炎purulent inflammation 化脓性炎abscess 脓肿sinus 窦道furuncle 疖carbuncle 痈ulcer 溃疡fistula 瘘管phlegmonous inflammation 蜂窝织炎granulomatous inflammation 肉芽肿性炎infective granuloma 感染性肉芽肿foreign body granuloma 异物性肉芽肿sarcoidosis granuloma 结节病肉芽肿epithelioid cell 上皮样细胞phlegmonous inflammation 蜂窝织炎multinucleated giant cell 多核巨细胞Langhans giant cell 郎汉斯巨细胞foreign body multinucleated giant cell 异物多核巨细胞inflammatory polyp 炎性息肉inflammatory pseudotumor 炎性假瘤pyrogens 致热原interferons 干扰素uncontrolled inflammatory response 失控性炎症反应systemic inflammatory response syndrome, SIRS 全身炎症反应综合征bacteremia 菌血症toxemia 毒血症septicemia 败血症pyemia 脓毒败血症embalic abscess 栓塞性脓肿metastatic abscess 转移性脓肿中英文索引amine precursor uptake and decarboxylation cell APUD 细胞amplification 扩增anaplasia 间变anaplastic tumor 间变性肿瘤angiogenesis 血管新生angiogenesis factor 血管生成因子angiomatosis 血管瘤病atypia 异型性basal cell carcinoma 基底细胞癌cachexia 恶病质cancer 癌症carcinoma 癌carcinoma in situ 原位癌carcinoma simplex 单纯癌carcinosarcoma 癌肉瘤cell cycle 细胞周期cellular oncogene, c-onc 细胞癌基因chondroma 软骨瘤chondrosarcoma 软骨肉瘤colloid adenoma 胶样腺瘤colloid carcinoma 胶样癌colorectal carcinoma 结、直肠癌cyclin 周期素cyclin-dependent kinase,CDK 周期素依赖激酶doubling time 倍增时间dysplasia,atypical hyperplasia 非典型性增生E-cadherin 上皮钙粘素ectopic endocrine syndrome 异位内分泌综合征ectopic endocrine tumor 异位内分泌肿瘤Epstein-Barr virus,EBV EB 病毒Ewing’s sarcoma 尤文肉瘤extracellular matrix,ECM 细胞外基质fibroadenoma 纤维腺瘤fibroma 乳腺瘤fibrosarcoma 纤维肉瘤tumor giant cell 瘤巨细胞growth arrest and DNA damage45,GADD45 DNA 修复基因growth factor 生长因子growth factor receptors 生长因子受体growth fraction 生长分数growth pattern 生长方式heterogeneity 异质化Hodgkin’s disease,HD 霍奇金病Hodgkin lymphoma 霍奇金淋巴瘤infiltrating growth 浸润性生长intraepithelial neoplasia 上皮内瘤变keratin pearl 角化珠，癌珠leiomyoma 平滑肌瘤leiomyosarcoma 平滑肌肉瘤leukemia 白血病liposarcoma 脂肪肉瘤lymphangioma 淋巴管瘤lymphoma 淋巴瘤malignant change 恶变malignant lymphoma 恶性淋巴瘤malignant melanoma 恶性黑色素瘤malignant teratoma 恶性畸胎瘤medullary carcinoma 髓样癌melanoma 黑色素瘤mesenchyma,stroma 间质metastasis 转移mixed tumor 混合瘤mucinous cystadenoma 粘液性囊腺瘤mucoid carcinoma 粘液癌mutagens 致突变剂mutation 突变neoplasia 肿瘤形成neoplasm 新生物，肿瘤neovascularization 血管新生nephroblastoma 肾母细胞瘤oncogene,onc 癌基因oncology 肿瘤学oncoprotein 癌蛋白osteosarcoma 骨肉瘤papillary cystadenocarcinoma 乳头状囊腺癌papillary cystadenoma 乳头状囊腺瘤paraneoplastic syndrome 副肿瘤综合征parenchyma 实质pigmented nevus 皮肤色素痣polypous 息肉状polypous adenoma 息肉状腺瘤precancerous lesions 癌前病变progression 演进promoter 促癌物promotion 促进作用proto-oncogene 原癌基因provirus 前病毒retinoblastoma 视网膜母细胞瘤rhabdomyosarcoma 横纹肌肉瘤sarcoma 肉瘤scirrhous carcinoma 硬癌seeding in body cavity and surface 种植性转移sequestered antigen 隐蔽抗原serous papillary cystadenoma 浆液性乳头状囊腺瘤signet-ring cell carcinoma 印戒细胞癌skip metastasis 跳跃式转移solid carcinoma 实性癌spread of tumor 肿瘤的扩散squamous cell carcinoma 鳞状细胞癌squamous cell papilloma 乳头状瘤stroma cell tumor of the gastrointestinal tract 胃肠道间质细胞肿瘤telomeres 端粒teratoma 畸胎瘤transformation 转化transitional cell carcinoma 移行细胞癌translocation 易位tumor 肿瘤tumor immunity 肿瘤免疫tumor necrotic factor,TNF 肿瘤坏死因子tumor suppressor gene 肿瘤抑制基因two hits hypothesis 二次突变假说vasculogenesis 血管形成vasculostatin 脉管抑素verrucous carcinoma 疣状癌viral oncogene,v-onc 病毒癌基因Wilm’s tumor Wilms 瘤Tumor like conditions 瘤样病变中英文索引arteriosclerosis 动脉硬化atherosclerosis, AS 动脉粥样硬化Mönckeberg medial calcification 动脉中层钙化Arteriolosclerosis, arteriolar sclerosis 细动脉硬化症smooth muscle cell, SMC 平滑肌细胞ischemic heart disease, IHD 缺血性心脏病myocardial infarct, MI 心肌梗死stroke 中风risk factors 危险因素hyperlipidemia 高血脂症cholesterol 胆固醇coronary heart disease, CHD 冠心病lipoprotein, LP 脂蛋白chylomicrons, CM 乳糜微粒low-density lipoprotein, LDL 低密度脂蛋白very low-density lipoprotein, VLDL 极低密度脂蛋白high-density lipoprotein, HDL 高密度脂蛋白intermediate-density lipoprotein, IDL 中间密度脂蛋白small dense low density lipoprotein, sLDL 小颗粒致密低密度脂蛋白low-density lipoprotein- cholesterol, LDL-C 低密度脂蛋白胆固醇apolipoprotein, apo 载脂蛋白triglyceride, TG 甘油三酯lipoprotein(a), Lp(a) 脂蛋白（a）oxidized LDL, ox-LDL 氧化LDLlecithin-cholesterol acyltransgerase, LCAT 卵磷脂-胆固醇乙酰转移酶avian herpesvirus 鸟类泡疹病毒herpes simplex virus, HSV 单纯泡疹病毒cytomegalovirus, CMV 巨细胞病毒lipid infiltration/insudation hypothesis 脂质渗入学说(积蓄学说) micropinocytic channels 微胞饮通道reaction to injury hypothesis 损伤反应学说platelet-derived growth factor, PDGF 血小板源性生长因子tumor necrosis factor-a, TNF-a 肿瘤坏死因子-atransforming growth factor-b, TGF-a 转化生长因子-a fibroblast growth factor, FGF 成纤维细胞生长因子interleukin-1, IL-1 白介素-1endothelin, ET 内皮素monoclonal hypothesis 单克隆学说thrombus encrustation hypothesis 血栓镶嵌学说intimal cell mass and neointima formation hypothesis内膜细胞群和新内膜形成学说hemodynamic hypothesis 血液动力学学说nitric oxide synthase, NOS 一氧化氮合酶plasminogen activator inhibitor-1, PAI-1血纤溶酶原活化因子抑制剂-1intercellular adhesion molecule, ICAM 细胞间粘附分子vascular adhension molecule, VCAM 血管细胞粘附分子myo-intimal cell 肌内膜细胞fatty streak 脂纹foam cells, FC 泡沫细胞fibrous plaque 纤维斑块fibrous cap 纤维帽lipid zone 脂质区basal zone 基底部atheromatous plaque 粥样斑块atheroma 粥瘤coronary artherosclerosis 冠状动脉粥样硬化症coronary artery disease, CAD 冠状动脉疾病coronary heart disease, CHD 冠状动脉性心脏病angina pectoris, AP 心绞痛stable angina pectoris 稳定性心绞痛unstable angina pectoris 不稳定性心绞痛variant angina pectoris 变异性心绞痛subendocardial myocardial infarction 心内膜下心肌梗死circumferential infarction 环状梗死regional myocardial infarction 区域性心肌梗死transmural myocardial infarction 透壁性心肌梗死myocardial fibrosis 心肌纤维化chronic ischemic heart disease 慢性缺血性心脏病sudden cardiac death 心脏性猝死hypertension 高血压病hypothalamic inhibitor, HI 下丘脑抑制因子atrial natriuretic peptide，ANP 心房肽primary hypertension 原发性高血压secondary hypertension 继发性高血压essential hypertension 特发性高血压benign hypertension 良性高血压malignant hypertension 恶性高血压symptomatic hypertension 症状性高血压concentric hypertrophy 向心性肥大eccentric hypertrophy 离心性肥大hypertensive heart disease 高血压性心脏病primary granular atrophy of the kidney 原发性颗粒性固缩肾arteriolar nephrosclerosis 细动脉性肾硬化cerebral softening 脑软化microinfarct 微梗死灶cerebral lacunar infarct 脑腔隙状梗死cerebral hemorrhage 脑出血microaneurysm 微小动脉瘤aneurysm 动脉瘤saccular or berry aneurysm 囊性或浆果状动脉瘤true aneurysm 真性动脉瘤arterial aneurysm 动脉性动脉瘤false or pseudoaneurysm 假性动脉瘤dissecting aneurysm 夹层动脉瘤Aschoff baody 风湿小体Aschoff cell 风湿细胞aortic stenosis 主动脉瓣狭窄aortic insufficiency 主动脉瓣关闭不全acute infective endocaeditis 急性感染性心内膜炎acute pericarditis 急性心包炎chronic pericarditis 慢性心包炎chrouic no-constrictive pericarditis 慢性非缩窄性心包炎chrouic constrictive pericarditis 慢性缩窄性心包炎concretio pericarditis 粘连性心包炎cardiomyopathy 心肌病chronic valvuar of the heart 慢性心瓣膜病chorea minor 小舞蹈症dilated cardiomyopathy 扩张性心肌病erythema annulare 环形红斑fibrous pericarditis 纤维素性心包炎hypertrophic cardiomyopathy 肥厚性心肌病idiopaethic pericarditis 特发性心包炎infective endocarditis 感染性心内膜炎Keshan disease 克山病lupus pericarditis 狼疮性心包炎mitral stenosis 二尖瓣狭窄mitral insufficiency 二尖瓣关闭不全pericarditis 心包炎purulent pericarditis 化脓性心包炎pericarditis calculosa 钙化性心包炎restrictive cardiomyopathy 限制性心肌病rheumatic heart disease 风湿性心脏病rheumatic endocarditis 风湿性心内膜炎rheumatic myocarditis 风湿性心肌炎rheumatic pearicarditis 风湿性心外膜炎rheumatic pancarditis 风湿性全心炎rheumatic arteritis 风湿性动脉炎rheumatic pericarditis 风湿性心包炎rhematism fever 风湿热subacte infective endocarditis 亚急性心内膜炎subacte bacterial endocarditis 细菌性心内膜炎tuberculous pericarditis 结核性心包炎verrucos vegetatio 疣状赘生物verrucos endocaeditis 疣状心内膜炎valvular stenosis 瓣膜口狭窄valvular insufficiency 瓣膜关闭不全中英文索引α1－antitrypsin, α1－AT α1－抗胰蛋白酶acute respiratory distress syndrome, ARDS 急性呼吸窘迫综合征adult respiratory distress syndrome, ARDS 成人呼吸窘迫综合征alveolar emphysema 肺泡性肺气肿aspiration pneumonia 吸入性肺炎asbesesis 石棉肺asteroid body 星形体boneycomb lung 蜂窝肺bronchial asthma 支气管哮喘bronchiectasis 支气管扩张症bronchioalvolar carcinoma 细支气管肺泡癌bronchogenic carcinoma 支气管癌bronchopneumonia 支气管肺炎bullae lung 肺大泡carcinoma of the larynx 喉癌carcinoma of the lung 肺癌centriacinar emphysema 腺泡中央型肺气肿chronic bronchitis 慢性支气管炎chronic cor pulmonale 慢性肺源性心脏病chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases, COPD 慢性阻塞性肺病compensatory emphysema 代偿性肺气肿compensatory emphysema 代偿性肺气肿confluent bronchopneumonia 融合性小叶性肺炎elastase 弹性蛋白酶hypostatic pneumonia 坠积性肺炎idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, IPF 特发性肺纤维化interlenkin,IL 白细胞介素interstitial emphysema 间质性肺气肿legionaires disease 军团菌病legionella pneumonia 军团菌性肺炎lobar pneumonia 大叶性肺炎lobular pneumonia 小叶性肺炎lobule 肺小叶muscularization of arterioles 无肌细动脉肌化mycoplasmal pneumonia 支原体肺炎nasopharyngeal carcinoma 鼻咽癌neonatal respiratory distress syndrome, NRDS 新生儿呼吸窘迫综合征obstructive emphysema 阻塞性肺气肿overinflation 过度充气panacinar emphysema 全腺泡型肺气肿paracicatrical emphysema 瘢痕旁肺气肿paraseptal emphysema 隔旁肺气肿periacinar emphysema 腺泡周围型肺气肿pneumoconiosis 肺尘埃沉着症pneumocystis pneumonia 卡氏肺孢菌性肺炎pneumocystis carinii 卡氏肺孢菌pneumonia 肺炎pulmonary acinus 肺腺泡pulmonary carnification 肺肉质变pulmonary cystic fibrosis 肺囊性纤维化pulmonary emphysema 肺气肿sarcoidosis 结节病senile emphysema 老年性肺气肿silicosis 肺硅沉着症silicotic nodule 硅结节silicotuberculosis 硅肺结核病viral pneumonia 病毒性肺炎中英文索引acute corrosive gastritis 急性腐蚀性胃炎advanced carcinoma 进展期胃癌acute esophagitis 急性食管炎acute gangrenous appendicitis 急性坏疽性阑尾炎acute hemorrhagic gastritis 急性出血性胃炎acute irritated gastritis 急性刺激性胃炎acute phlegmonous appendicitis 急性蜂窝织性阑尾炎acute simple appendicitis 急性单纯性阑尾炎acute gangrenous appendicitis 急性感染性阑尾炎Alcian blue 爱辛蓝Barrett’s esophagus Barrett 食管carcinoma of esophagus 食管癌carcinoma of the large intestine 大肠癌chronic esophagitis 慢性食道炎chronic atrophic gastritis 慢性萎缩性胃炎chronic appendicitis 慢性阑尾炎chronic peptic ulcer 慢性消化性溃疡chronic superficial gastritis 慢性表浅性胃炎Crohn’s disease 克罗恩病colorectal cancer 结、直肠癌crypt abscess 隐窝脓肿early gastric carcinoma 早期胃癌esophageal varices 食管静脉曲张eosinophilic gastritis 嗜酸性胃炎excavated type 凹陷型fungating type 蕈伞型gastritis verrucosa 疣状胃炎gastric carcinoma 胃癌granulomatous gastritis 肉芽肿性胃炎healing 愈合hemorrhage 出血helicobacter pylori (HP) 幽门螺杆菌high iron diamine 高铁二胺hypertrophic gastritis 肥厚型胃炎inflammatory bowel disease 炎症性肠病infiltrating type 浸润型intestinal metaplasia 肠上皮化生Krukenberg’s tumor 库肯勃瘤linitis plastica 革囊胃malignant transformation 癌变menetrier’s disease menetrier 病perforation 穿孔polypoid type 息肉型pyloric obstruction 幽门梗阻pyloric stenosis 幽门狭窄protruded type 隆起型reflux esophagitis 返流性食管炎regional enteritis 节段性肠炎signet-ring cell carcinoma 印戒细胞癌squamous papilloma 鳞状上皮乳头状瘤superficial type 表浅型ulcerative colitis 溃疡性结肠炎ulcerative type 溃疡型acidophilic body 或Councillman body 嗜酸性小体acute hemorrhagic necrosis of pancreas 急性出血性胰腺坏死aflatoxin 黄曲霉素alcoholic liver disease 酒精性肝病alcoholic hepatitis 酒精性肝炎alcoholic cirrhosis 酒精性肝硬化ascites 腹水aspergillus flavus 黄曲霉菌biliary cirrhosis 胆汁性肝硬化biliary cirrhosis 胆汁性肝硬化biliary reflux 胆汁返流bridging necrosis 桥接坏死caput medusae 海蛇头carcinoma of the extrahepatic bile ducts 肝外胆管癌carcinoma of the gallbladder 胆囊癌cholangitis 胆管炎cholecystitis 胆囊炎cholelithiasis 胆石症enterokinase 肠激酶hemochromatosis 血色病hepatorenal syndrome 肝肾综合征liver cirrhosis 肝硬化pancreatitis 胰腺炎piecemeal necrosis 碎片状坏死portal cirrhosis 门脉性肝硬化postnecrotic cirrhosis 坏死后性肝硬化primary carcinoma of liver 原发性肝癌secretin 促胰液素splenomegaly 慢性淤血性脾肿大spotty necrosis 点状坏死viral hepatitis 病毒性肝炎中英文索引Hodgkin lymphoma, HL 霍奇金淋巴瘤non-Hodgkin lymphoma，NHL 非霍奇金淋巴瘤Reed-Sternberg Cell R-S 细胞mirror image cell 镜影细胞lacunar cell 陷窝细胞Hodgkin cell 霍奇金细胞popcorn cell “爆米花”细胞lymphoblalstic lymphoma, LBL 淋巴母细胞淋巴瘤nodular sclerosis Hodgkin lymphoma, NSHL 结节硬化型霍奇金淋巴瘤acute lymphoblastic leukemia, ALL 急性淋巴母细胞白血病chronic lymphocytic leukemia / small lymphocytic lymphoma，CLL/SLL慢性淋巴细胞白血病/小淋巴细胞淋巴瘤pseudofollicle 假滤泡follicular lymphoma 滤泡性淋巴瘤diffuse large B-cell lymphoma，DLBL 弥漫性大B 细胞淋巴瘤Burkitt lymphoma Burkitt 淋巴瘤peripheral T-cell lymphoma 周围T 细胞淋巴瘤extranodal natural killer/T-cell lymphoma 结外NK/T 细胞淋巴瘤myeloid neoplasms 髓样肿瘤acute myelogenous leukemia，AML 急性髓性白血病granulocytic sarcoma 粒细胞肉瘤chloroma 绿色瘤chronic myeloproliferative disorders, MPD 慢性骨髓增生性疾病Philadelphia chromosome, Ph1 费城染色体1chronic myelogenous leukemia，CML 慢性髓性白血病leukemoid reaction 类白血病反应histiocytosis 组织细胞增生症malignant histiocytosis，MH 恶性组织细胞增生症dendritic cell neoplasm 树突状细胞肿瘤Langerhans cell histocytosisLangerhans 细胞组织细胞增生症histiocytosis X 组织细胞增生症Xreactive hyperplasia of the lymph node 淋巴结反应性增生non-specific lymphadenitis 非特异性淋巴结炎infectious mononucleosis 传染性单核细胞增多症tubercular lymphadenitis 淋巴结结核tubercles 结核结节fast-anti stain 抗酸染色malignant lymphoma 恶性淋巴瘤lymphoid neoplasms 淋巴样肿瘤中英文索引size-selective barrier 大小选择屏障proteinuria 蛋白尿hypocomplementic glomerulonephritis 低补体血性肾小球肾炎charge-selective barrier 电荷选择屏障spike 钉状突起polyuria 多尿non-selective proteinuria 非选择性蛋白尿recurrent or continous hematuria 反复发作性或持续性血尿post-infectious glomerulonephritis 感染后肾小球肾炎cast 管型IgA nephropathy Berger’s disease IgA 肾病secondary glomerular disease 继发性肾小球疾病acute nephritis syndrome 急性肾炎综合征acute pyelonephritis 急性肾盂肾炎acute tubular necrosis 急性肾小管坏死creatinine 肌酐thyroid-like appearance 甲状腺样变microscopic hematuria 镜下血尿focal segmental glomerulosclerosis 局灶性节段性肾小球硬化focal proliferative glomnerulonephritis 局灶性增生性肾小球肾炎granular nephrosclerosis 颗粒性固缩肾rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis 快速进行性肾小球肾炎rapidly progressive nephritis syndrome 快速进行性肾炎综合征lupus nephritis 狼疮性肾炎post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis 链球菌感染后肾小球肾炎slit pore 裂孔slit membrane 裂孔膜heparan sulfate proteoglycan 硫酸类肝素多糖蛋白filtration membrane 滤过膜chronic nephritis syndrome 慢性肾炎综合征chronic pyelonephritis 慢性肾盂肾炎endocapillary proliferative glomerulonephritis 毛细血管内增生性肾小球肾炎extracapillary glomerulonephritis 毛细血管外增生性肾小球肾炎membranous nephropathy 膜性肾病membranous glomerulonephritis 膜性肾小球肾炎membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis 膜增生性肾小球肾炎obstruction of urinary tract 尿道阻塞uremia 尿毒症pyuria 脓尿vesicoureteric reflux 膀胱输尿管返流minimal change glomerulonephritis 轻微病变性肾小球肾炎gross hematuria 肉眼血尿ascending infection 上行性感染oliguria 少尿nephrotic syndrome 肾病综合征nephron 肾单位renal failure 肾功能衰竭nephroblastoma 肾母细胞瘤renal papillary necrosis 肾乳头坏死renal cell carcinoma 肾细胞癌tubulointerstitial nepheritis 肾小管间质性肾炎renal capsule 肾小囊urinary space 肾小囊腔glomerulus 肾小球glomerular disease 肾小球疾病glomerular basement membrane 肾小球基底膜minimal change disease 肾小球轻微病变glomerulonephritis 肾小球肾炎renal hypertension 肾性高血压renal edema 肾性水肿pyonephrosis 肾盂积脓perinephric abscess 肾周围脓肿double contour 双轮廓diabetic nephropathy 糖尿病性肾病clear cell carcinoma 透明细胞癌hump 驼峰状沉积物anuria 无尿cellular crescent 细胞性新月体bacteriuria 细菌尿mesangium 系膜mesangial interposition 系膜插入mesangial matrix 系膜基质mesangiocapillary glomerulonephritis 系膜毛细血管性肾小球肾炎mesangial cell 系膜细胞mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis 系膜增生性肾小球肾炎fibrous crescent 纤维性新月体crescentic glomerulonephritis 新月体性肾小球肾炎selective proteimuria 选择性蛋白尿hematuria 血尿bloodstream spread 血源性感染transitional cell carcinoma 移行细胞癌occult nephritis syndrome 隐匿性肾炎综合征sclerosing glomerulonephritis 硬化性肾小球肾炎primary glomerular disease 原发性肾小球疾病in situ immune complex 原位免疫复合物dense deposit disease 致密沉积物病lipoid nephrosis 脂性肾病purpura nephritis 紫癜性肾炎podocyte 足细胞summary中英文索引cervicalepithelialdysplasia 子宫颈上皮非典型增生carcinomaofcervix 子宫颈癌squmouscellcarcinomaofthecervix 子宫颈鳞状上皮癌cervicaladenocarcinoma 子宫颈腺癌endometrialhyperplasia 子宫内膜增生症adenomyosis 子宫腺肌病endometriosis 子宫内膜异位症leiomyoma 平滑平滑肌瘤endometrialcarcinoma 子宫内膜癌adenoacanthoma 腺棘癌adenosquamouscarcinoma 腺鳞癌hydatidiformmol 葡萄胎invasivemole 侵蚀性葡萄胎choriocarcinoma 绒毛膜上皮癌placentalsitetrophoblastictumor 胎盘部位滋养细胞肿瘤seroustumors 浆液性肿瘤mucinoustumors 粘液性肿瘤peritonealpseudomyxoma 腹膜假粘液瘤teratoma 畸胎瘤dysgeminoma 无性细胞瘤granulosacelltumor 颗粒细胞瘤Sertoli-Leydigcelltumors 支持-间质细胞瘤hyperplasiaofprostate 前列腺增生carcinomaoftheprostate 前列腺癌prostaticspecificantigen 前列腺特异性抗原seminoma 精原细胞瘤embryonalcarcinoma 胚胎性癌carcinomaofthepenis 阴茎癌fibrocysticchangeofthebreast 乳腺纤维囊性变sclerosingadenosis 硬化性腺病fibroadenoma 乳腺纤维腺瘤carcinomaofthebreast 乳腺癌introductalcarcinomainsitu 导管内原位癌comedocarcinoma 粉刺癌lobularcarcinomainsitu 小叶原位癌invasiveductalcarcinoma 浸润性导管癌invasivelobularcarcinoma 浸润性小叶癌gynecomastia 男性乳腺发育中英文索引autocrine 自分泌adrenocorticotropin hormone ACTH 促肾上腺皮质激素antidiuretic hormone, ADH 抗利尿激素acromegaly 肢端肥大症acidophile cell adenoma 嗜酸性细胞腺瘤autoimmune thyroiditis 自身免疫性甲状腺炎adenolipoma 腺脂肪瘤atypical adenoma 非典型腺瘤anaplastic carcinoma 间变性癌androgen 肾上腺雄激素acute adrenocortical insufficiency 急性肾上腺皮质功能低autoimmune adrenalitis 自身免疫性肾上腺炎adrenocortical adenoma 肾上腺皮质腺瘤adrenocortical carcinoma 肾上腺皮质腺癌acidophilic cell carcinoma 嗜酸细胞癌ACTH cell adenoma 促肾上腺皮质激素细胞腺瘤basophile cell adenoma 嗜碱性细胞腺瘤chromophobe cell adenoma 嫌色性细胞腺瘤craniopharyngioma 颅咽管瘤cretinism 克汀病或呆小症colloid adenoma 胶样腺瘤calcitonin 降钙素chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis 慢性淋巴细胞性甲状腺炎Calcitonin 髓样癌Cushing syndrome 库欣综合征corticotropine releasing factor, CRF 下丘脑分泌皮质激素释放因子Cushing 垂体性chromaffin cell 肾上腺髓质嗜铬细胞chronic adrenocortical insufficiency 慢性肾上腺皮质功能低下chromogranin proteins A 嗜酪蛋白Achronic woody thyroiditis 氏甲状腺肿或慢性木样甲状腺炎C-cell carcinoma C 细胞癌calcitonin 降钙素diffuse nontoxic goiter 弥漫性非毒性甲状腺肿diffuse hyperplastic goiter 弥漫性增生性甲状腺肿diffuse colloid goiter 弥漫性胶样甲状腺肿diffuse toxic goiter 弥漫性毒性甲状腺肿diabetes mellitus 糖尿病deseminative neuroendocrine system 弥漫性神经内分泌系统diabetes insipidus 尿崩症endocrine system 内分泌系统endocellular secretion 胞内分泌endemic goiter 地方性甲状腺肿exophthalmic goiter 突眼性甲状腺肿embryonal adenoma 胚胎型腺瘤epithelial membrane antigen, EMA 上皮膜抗原follicle stimulating hormone, FSH 促卵泡素fibrous thyroiditis 纤维性甲状腺炎follicular adenoma 滤泡性腺瘤follicular carcinoma 滤泡癌fetal adenoma 胎儿型腺瘤galactorrhea-amenorrhea syndrome 溢乳一闭经综合征granulomatous thyroiditis 肉芽肿性甲状腺炎giant cell thyroiditis 巨细胞性甲状腺炎glucocorticoid 糖皮质激素glucagonoma 胰高糖素瘤gastrinoma 胃泌素瘤growth hormone, GH 生长激素aging 老化GH cell adenoma 生长激素细胞腺瘤hormone 激素hyperprolactinemia 催乳素过高血症hyperthyroidism 甲状腺功能亢进症hypothyroidism 甲状腺功能低下hypercortisolism 皮质醇增多症hyperaldosteronism 醛固酮增多症hyperaldosteronism 醛固酮增多症Hashimoto's thyroiditis 桥本甲状腺炎hyperpituitarism 垂体前叶功能亢进idiopathic adrenal atrophy 特发性肾上腺萎缩intra adrenal paraganglioma 肾上腺内副神经节瘤insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus,IDDM 胰岛素依赖型糖尿病islet cell adenoma 胰岛细胞腺瘤insulinoma 胰岛素瘤keratin 角蛋白luteinizing hormone, LH 促黄体素Lipotrophic hormone, LPH 促脂解激素mixed cell adenoma 混合细胞腺瘤myxoedema 粘液水肿macrofollicular adenoma 巨滤泡型腺瘤microfollicular adenoma 小滤泡型腺瘤microcarcinoma 微小癌mineralocorticoid 盐皮质激素nonfunctional cell adenoma 无功能性细胞腺瘤nodular goiter 结节性甲状腺肿normofollicular adenoma 正常大小滤泡型腺瘤neurofilament 神经微丝non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, NIDDM 非胰岛素依赖型糖尿病oxytocin, OT 分泌催产素oxyphilc cell type adenoma 嗜酸细胞腺瘤occult carcinoma 隐匿性癌paracrine 旁分泌Prolactin,PRL 催乳素precocious puberty 性早熟症pituitary gigantism 垂体性巨人症pituitary drawfism 垂体性侏儒症pituitary adenoma 垂体腺瘤PRL cell adenoma 催乳素细胞腺瘤plurihormonal cell adenoma 多种激素细胞腺瘤pituitary carcinoma 垂体腺癌Pituitary adamantinoma 垂体造釉细胞瘤papillary carcinoma 乳头状癌papillary cystadenocarcinoma 乳头状囊腺癌psammoma bodies 砂粒体primary aldosteronism 原发性醛酮增多症phenochromocytoma 嗜铬细胞瘤primary diabetes mellitus 原发性糖尿病pancreatic polypeptidoma 胰多肽瘤Rathke 拉克radiation thyroiditis 放射性甲状腺炎simmond syndrome Simmond 综合征suprasellar cyst 鞍上囊肿simple goiter 单纯性甲状腺肿subacute thyroiditis 亚急性甲状腺炎simple adenoma 单纯性腺瘤sarcomatoid carcinoma 肉瘤样癌secondary aldosteronism 继发性醛固酮增多症secondary diabetes mellitus 继发性糖尿病somatostatinoma 生长抑素瘤telecrine 远距离分泌thyroid stimulating hormone, TSH 促甲状腺素TSH cell adenoma 促甲状腺细胞腺瘤tumor of hyphophysis duct 囊瘤、垂体管瘤thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulins,TSI 甲状腺刺激免疫球蛋白thyroid growth-stimulating immunoglobulins，TGI 甲状腺生长刺激免疫球蛋白thyroid adenoma 甲状腺腺瘤trabecular and solid adenoma 梁状和实性腺瘤thyroid carcinoma 甲状腺癌thyroglobulin 甲状腺球蛋白thyroglobulin 滤性腺癌、乳头状癌和未分化癌undifferentiated carcinoma 未分化癌VIPoma 胰血管活性肠肽瘤中英文索引Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis 急性播散性脑脊髓炎Alzheimer disease，AD Alzheimer 病，老年性痴呆Astrocyte 星形胶质细胞Astrocytoma 星形胶质细胞瘤Brain abscess 脑脓肿Brain edema 脑水肿Brain hernia 脑疝Central chromatolysis 中央性尼氏小体溶解Cytotoxic edema 细胞源性脑水肿Demylination 脱髓鞘Epdemic cerebrospinal meningitis 流行性脑脊髓膜炎Ependymal cell 室管膜细胞Ependymoma 室管膜瘤Epidemic encephalitis B 流行性乙型脑炎Episthiotonus 角弓反张。
病理生理学英文词汇
病理生理学英文词汇病理过程pathological process健康health疾病disease康复rehabilitation脑死亡brain death脱水dehydration高渗性脱水hypertonic dehydration低渗性脱水hypotonic dehydration等渗性脱水isotonic dehydration水肿edema凹陷性水肿pitting edema显性水肿frank edema隐性水肿recessive edema低钾血症hypokalemia高钾血症hyperkalemia标准碳酸氢盐standard bicarbonate,SB实际碳酸氢盐actual bicarbonate,AB缓冲碱base buffer,BB碱剩余base excess,BE阴离子间隙anion gap,AG代谢性酸中毒metabolic acidosis代谢性碱中毒metabolic alkalosis呼吸性酸中毒respiratory acidosis呼吸性碱中毒respiratory alkalosis缺氧hypoxia低张性缺氧hypotonic hypoxia血液性缺氧hemic hypoxia循环性缺氧circulatory hypoxia组织性缺氧histogenous hypoxia发绀cyanosis发热fever过热hyperthermia内生致热原endogenous pyrogen,EP休克shock心肌抑制因子MDF弥散性血管凝血disseminated intravascular coagulation,DIC多器官功能障碍综合征multiple organ dysfunction syndrome,MODS 多器官衰竭multiple organ failure,MOF多系统器官衰竭multiple system organ failure,MSOF心力衰竭heart failure心室重塑ventricular remodeling端坐呼吸orthopnea呼吸衰竭respiratiory failure功能性分流functional shunt死腔样通气dead space-like ventilation急性呼吸窘迫综合征acute respiratory distress syndrome,ARDS 急性肾功能衰竭acute renal failure,ARF急性肾小管坏死acute tubular necrosis,A TN。
最全考博病理生理学名词解释(带英文)
病理生理学（Pathologic Physiology或Pathophysiology），是基础医学理论学科之一，它同时还肩负着基础医学课程到临床课程之间的桥梁作用。
它的任务是研究疾病发生的原因和条件，研究整个疾病过程中的患病机体的机能、代谢的动态变化及其发生机理，从而揭示疾病发生、发展和转归的规律，阐明疾病的本质，为疾病的防治提供理论基础。
1、水肿（edema）：体液在组织间隙或体腔积聚过多，称为水肿2、代谢性碱中毒（metabolic alkalosis）：由于血浆中NaHCO3原发性增加，继而引起H2CO3含量改变，使NaHCO3/H2CO3＞20/1，血浆pH升高的病理改变。
3、代谢性酸中毒（metabolic acidosis）：由于血浆中NaHCO3原发性减少，继而引起H2CO3含量改变，使NaHCO3/ H2CO3<20/1，血浆PH值下降的病理过程。
4、呼吸性碱中毒（respiratory alkalosis）：由于血浆中H2CO3原发性减少，使血浆NaHCO3/H2CO3增加，血浆pH 值升高的病理过程。
5、呼吸性酸中毒（respiratory acidosis）：由于血浆中H2CO3原发性增加，使NaHCO3/H2降低，血浆pH值下降的病理过程。
6、缺氧(hypoxia)：是指因组织的氧气供应不足或用氧障碍，而导致组织的代谢、功能和形态结构发生异常变化的病理过程。
缺氧是临床各种疾病中极常见的一类病理过程，脑、心脏等生命重要器官缺氧也是导致机体死亡的重要原因。
而且，由于动脉血氧含量明显降低导致组织供氧不足，又称为低氧血症（hypoxemia ）。
7、发热（fever）：由于致热原的作用，使体温调节中枢的调定点上移，而引起的调节性体温升高称为发热。
8、应激（stress）：机体在受到各种因素刺激时，所出现的非特异性全身反应称为应激。
9、弥散性血管内凝血（DIC）：在某些致病因素作用下，使体内凝血系统激活，从而引起微血管内发生纤维蛋白沉积和血小板凝集，形成弥散性微血栓，并继而引起凝血因子损耗、纤溶系统激活和多发性微血栓栓塞的综合病症。
病理生理学名词中英文对照
病理生理学名词中英文对照病理生理学pathophysiology脑死亡brain death临终关怀hospice care 水电解质代谢紊乱脱水dehydration低渗性脱水hypotonic dehydration 高渗性脱水hypertonic dehydration 等渗性脱水isotonic dehydration 水中毒water intoxication水肿edema全身性水肿anasarca 滤过分数filtration fraction潴留retention低钾血症hypokalemia反常性酸性尿paradoxical acidic urine 高钾血症hyperkalemia反常性碱性尿paradoxical alkaline urine酸碱平衡紊乱挥发酸volatile acid固定酸fixed acid标准碳酸氢盐standard bicarbonate,SB 实际碳酸氢盐actual bicarbonate,AB 缓冲碱buffer base，BB碱剩余base excess,BE 阴离子间隙anion gap，AG代谢性酸中毒metabolic acidosis 乳酸酸中毒lactic acidosis酮症酸中毒keto-acidosis呼吸性酸中毒respiratory acidosis慢性阻塞性肺病chronic obstructive pulmonary disease，COPD肺性脑病pulmonary encephalopathy 代谢性碱中毒metabolic alkalosis盐水反应性碱中毒saline-responsive alkalosis盐水抵抗性碱中毒saline-resistant alkalosis呼吸性碱中毒respiratory alkalosis双重性酸碱失衡double acid-base disorders 缺氧缺氧hypoxia血氧分压partial pressure of oxygen，PO2 血氧容量oxygen binding capacity，CO2max 血氧含量oxygen content，CO2低张性缺氧hypotonic hypoxia乏养性缺氧hypoxic hypoxia发绀cyanosis血液型缺氧hemic hypoxia等张性缺氧isotonic hypoxia 碳氧血红蛋白carboxyhemoglobin，HbCO 高铁血红蛋白methemoglobin，HbFe3+OH 肠源性发绀enterogenous cyanosis循环性缺氧circulatory hypoxia低动力性缺氧hypokinetic hypoxia缺血性缺氧ischemic hypoxia组织性缺氧histogenous hypoxia氧利用障碍性缺氧dysoxidative hypoxia 高原肺水肿high altitude pulmonary edema周期性呼吸periodic breat发热发热fever 过热hyperthermia 视前区下丘脑前部preoptic anterior hypothalamus，POAH内毒素endotoxin，ET致热原pyrogen中杏仁核medial amygdaloid nucleus稽留期fastigium腹中隔ventral septal area，VSA前列腺素prostaglandin，PG热限febrile ceiling应激应激stress良性应激eustress 劣性应激distress 交感-肾上腺髓质系统sympathetic-adrenal medulla system去甲肾上腺素norepinephrine，NE应激性溃疡stress ulcer肠易激综合征irritable bowel syndrome，糖皮质激素glucocorticoid，GC蓝斑locus ceruleus 边缘系统limbic system室旁核paraventricular nucleus抗利尿激素antidiuretic hormone，ADH 急性期反应蛋白acute phase protein，AP下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺皮质系统hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal cortex system，HPA缺血-再灌注损伤缺血-再灌注损伤ischemia-reperfusion injury，IRI缺血后适应postconditioning氧自由基oxygen free radical黄嘌呤氧化酶xanthine oxidase，XO黄嘌呤脱氢酶xanthine dehydrogenase，XD 呼吸爆发respiratory burst氧爆发oxygen burst 脂质过氧化lipid peroxidation钙超载calcium overload心肌顿抑myocardial stunning再灌注心律失常reperfusion arrhythmia 胀亡oncosis休克休克shock虚脱collapse脓毒性休克septic shock 过敏性休克anaphylactic shock脓毒症sepsis低血容量性休克hypovolemic shock 血管源性休克vasogenic shock微循环microcirculation一氧化氮nitric oxide，NO休克代偿期ischemic anoxia phase 休克失代偿期decompensatory stage 淤血性缺氧期stagnant anoxia phase 白细胞滚动rolling微循环衰竭期microcirculatory failure phase无复流现象no-reflow phenomenon全身炎症反应综合征systemic inflammatory response syndrome，SIRS 急性呼吸窘迫综合征acute respiratorydistress syndrome，ARDS休克肺shock lung多器官功能障碍综合征mutilple organ dysfunction syndrome，MODS 抗凝血平衡紊乱纤溶酶原激活物plasminogen activator，PA弥漫性血管内凝血disseminated intravascular coagulation，DIC裂体细胞schistocyte微血管病性溶血性贫血microangiopathic hemolytic anemia心功能不全心功能不全cardiac insufficiency心力衰竭heart failure前负荷preload容量负荷volume load后负荷afterload压力负荷pressure load低输出量性心力衰竭low output heart failure高输出量性心力衰竭high output heart failure心室重塑ventricular remodeling离心性肥大eccentric hypertrophy颈静脉充盈engorgement of neck vein 肺水肿pulmonary edema 呼吸困难dyspnea劳力性呼吸困难dyspnea on exertion 向心性肥大concentric hypertrophy 心性哮喘cardiac asthma夜间阵发性呼吸困难paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea端坐呼吸orthopnea肺功能不全呼吸衰竭respiratory failure低氧血症型呼吸衰竭hypoxemic respiratory failure伴有高碳酸血症性低氧血症呼吸衰竭hypercapnic respiratory failure限制性通气不足restrictive hypoventilation 阻塞性通气不足obstructive hypoventilation 吸气性呼吸困难inspiratory dyspnea 呼气性呼吸困难expiratory dyspnea弥散障碍diffusion impairment通气与血流比例失调ventilation-perfusion imbalance功能性分流functional shunt静脉血掺杂venous admixture死腔样通气dead space like ventilation 解剖分流anatomic shunt 真性分流true shunt急性呼吸窘迫综合症acute respiratory distress syndrome，ARDS 慢性阻塞性肺病chronic obstructive pulmonary disease，COPD CO2麻醉carbon dioxide narcosis肺性脑病pulmonary encephalopathy肝功能不全肝功能不全hepatic insufficiency肝功能衰竭hepatic failure肝性脑病hepatic encephalopathy，HE 肝昏迷hepatic coma 扑翼样震颤asterixis氨中毒学说ammonia intoxication hypothesis假性神经递质学说false neurotransmitter hypothesis苯乙醇胺phenylethanolamine 羟苯乙醇胺octpamine 氨基酸失衡学说amino acid imbalance hypothesis芳香族氨基酸aromatic amino acid，AAA 支链氨基酸branched chain amino，BCAA GABA 学说GABA hypothesis肝肾综合症hepatorenal syndrome，HRS肾功能不全肾功能不全renal insufficiency 肾功能衰竭renal failure急性肾功能衰竭acute renal failure，ARF 慢性肾功能不全chronic renal failure，CRF 尿毒症uremia肾前性急性肾功能衰竭prerenal failure 功能性肾功能衰竭functional renal failure 肾前性氮质血症prerenal azotemia肾性急性肾功能衰竭intrarenal failure器质性肾功能衰竭parenchymal renal failure肾小管细胞和间质细胞损伤学说tubular and interstitial cells lesion hypothesis 急性肾小管坏死acute tubular necrosis，ATN肾后性急性肾功能衰竭postrenal failure 肾后性氮质血症postrenal azotemia少尿oliguria无尿anuria 多尿polyuria氮质血症azotemia健存肾单位假说intant nephron hypothesis 矫枉失衡学说trade-off hypothesis肾小球过度滤过假说glomerular hyperfiltration hypothesis夜尿nocturia等渗尿isothenuria低渗尿hyposthenuria血浆氮质尿blood urea nitrogen，BUN 高磷血症hyperphosphatemia高钾血症hyperkalemia肾性骨营养不良renal osteodystrophy 肾性高血压renal hypertension钠依赖性高血压sodium-dependent hypertension 肾素依赖性高血压renin-dependent hypertension 肾性贫血renal anemia终末期肾功能衰竭end-stage renal failure，ESRF 尿毒症性脑病uremic encephalopathy尿素霜urea cream。
2023年最全考博病理生理学名词解释带英文
病理生理学（Pathologic Physiology或Pathophysiology），是基础医学理论学科之一，它同时还肩负着基础医学课程到临床课程之间的桥梁作用。
它的任务是研究疾病发生的因素和条件，研究整个疾病过程中的患病机体的机能、代谢的动态变化及其发生机理，从而揭示疾病发生、发展和转归的规律，阐明疾病的本质，为疾病的防治提供理论基础。
1、水肿（edema）：体液在组织间隙或体腔积聚过多，称为水肿2、代谢性碱中毒（metabolic alkalosis）：由于血浆中NaHCO3原发性增长，继而引起H2CO3含量改变，使NaHCO3/H2CO3＞20/1，血浆pH升高的病理改变。
3、代谢性酸中毒（metabolic acidosis）：由于血浆中NaHCO3原发性减少，继而引起H2CO3含量改变，使NaHCO3/ H2CO3<20/1，血浆PH值下降的病理过程。
4、呼吸性碱中毒（respiratory alkalosis）：由于血浆中H2CO3原发性减少，使血浆NaHCO3/H2CO3增长，血浆pH 值升高的病理过程。
5、呼吸性酸中毒（respiratory acidosis）：由于血浆中H2CO3原发性增长，使NaHCO3/H2减少，血浆pH值下降的病理过程。
6、缺氧(hypoxia)：是指因组织的氧气供应局限性或用氧障碍，而导致组织的代谢、功能和形态结构发生异常变化的病理过程。
缺氧是临床各种疾病中极常见的一类病理过程，脑、心脏等生命重要器官缺氧也是导致机体死亡的重要因素。
并且，由于动脉血氧含量明显减少导致组织供氧局限性，又称为低氧血症（hypoxemia ）。
7、发热（fever）：由于致热原的作用，使体温调节中枢的调定点上移，而引起的调节性体温升高称为发热。
8、应激（stress）：机体在受到各种因素刺激时，所出现的非特异性全身反映称为应激。
9、弥散性血管内凝血（DIC）：在某些致病因素作用下，使体内凝血系统激活，从而引起微血管内发生纤维蛋白沉积和血小板凝集，形成弥散性微血栓，并继而引起凝血因子损耗、纤溶系统激活和多发性微血栓栓塞的综合病症。
病理学和病理生理学：英文整理
Infirmity 病痛Complete well-being 完好状态Sub-health 亚健康Homestasis control 自稳调节Symptom 症状Sign 体征Pathologic process 病理过程Etiology 病因学Etiology agent 病因Genetic predisposition 遗传易感性Infective agents 感染性因素Physical and chemical agents 理化因素Genetic factors 遗传因素Congenital factors 先天因素Immunological factors 免疫因素Psychological factors 心理因素Predisposing factors 条件Precipitating factor 诱因/诱发因素Dangerous factor 危险因素Pathogenesis 发病学Vicious cycle 恶性循环Complete recovery 完全康复Incomplete recovery 不完全康复Agonal stage 濒死Stage of clinical death 临床死亡Stage of biological death 生物学死亡Vegetative state 植物学二人Resuscitation 复苏Adaptation 适应Atrophy 萎缩Lipofuscin 脂褐素Autophagic vacuoles 自噬泡Residual body 残余体Cachexia 恶病质Hypertrophy 肥大Hyperplasia 增生Keloid 瘢痕疙瘩Metaplasia 化生Squamous metaplasia 鳞状上皮化生Instestinal metaplasia 肠上皮化生Myositis ossificans 骨化性肌炎Degeneration 变性Cellular swelling 细胞水肿Hydropic degeneration 水变性Fatty degenerationFatty changeFatty liverHyaline changeHyaline degeneration ArteriolosclerosisAmyloid change AmyloidosisMucoid changeMucoid degeneration Pathologic pigmentation HemosiderinHeart failure cellMelaninDOPA Clihytroxyphenylalanine Pathologic calcification Dystrophic calcification Metastatic calcificationCell deathNecrosisPyknosisKaryorrhexis脂肪变性脂肪变脂肪肝玻璃样变透明变性细动脉硬化症淀粉样变性淀粉样物质沉着粘液样变粘液样变性病理性色素沉着含铁血黄素心衰细胞黑色素多巴病理性钙化营养不良性钙化转移性钙化细胞死亡坏死核浓缩Karyolysis 核溶解Coagulative necrosis 凝固性坏死Liquefactive necrosis 液化性坏死Caseous necrosis 干酪样坏死Gangrene 坏疽Dry gangrene 干性坏疽Wet gangrene 湿性坏疽Gas gangrene 气性坏疽Fat necrosis 脂肪坏死Fibrinoid necrosis 纤维素样坏死Erosion 糜烂Ulcer 溃疡Cavity 空洞Sinus 窦道Fistula 瘦管Organization 机化Encapsulation 包裹Apoptosis 凋亡Programmed cell death 程序性细胞死亡Apoptotic bodies 凋亡小体Caspase 半光天冬酶Morphogenesis 形态发生Repair RegenerationLabile cellStable cells Permanent cells Granulation tissue MyofibroblastScar tissue Neovascularization Vasculogenesis Anigeogenesis Wound healing Bone fracture Facture healing Provisional callus Woven bone HyperemiaArterial hyperemia Active hyperemia Venous hyperemia Passive hyperemia Pulmonary congestion 修复再生不稳定细胞稳定细胞永久性细胞肉芽组织肌纤维母细胞瘢痕组织血管新生血管形成血管新生创伤愈合骨折骨折愈合暂时性骨痂编织骨充血动脉性充血主动性充血静脉性充血被动性充血肺淤血Hear failure cell 心力衰竭细胞Brown induration of lung 肺褐色硬变Congestion of liver 肝淤血Nutmeg liver 槟榔肝Congestive sclerosis of liver 淤血性肝硬化Thrombosis 血栓形成Thrombus 血栓Disseminated intravascular coagulation DIC 弥漫性血管内凝血Mural thrombus 附壁血栓Hyaline thrombus 透明血栓Microthrombus 微血栓Recanalization 再通Embolism 栓塞Embolus 栓子Paradoxical embolism 反常性栓塞Crossed exbolism 交叉性栓塞Retrograde embolism 逆行性栓塞Thromboembolism 血栓栓塞Saddle embolism 骑跨性栓塞Fat embolism 脂肪栓塞Gas embolism 气体栓塞Decompression sickness 减压病Caisson disease 沉箱病Amniotic fluid embolism 羊水栓塞Infarct 梗死Anemic infarct 贫血性梗死Hemorrhagic infarct 出血性梗死Septic infarct 败血性梗死Cell proliferation 细胞增殖First gap phase Gl期DNA合成前期Synthetic phase S期DNA合成期Second gap phase G2期DNA合成后期Mitotic phase 有丝分裂期Pro-phase 前期Metaphase 中期Anaphase 后期Telophase 末期CDKs cyclin depend kinase 周期素依赖性蛋白激酶CyclinCAK CDK活化激酶CDI cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor CDK抑制因子Restrinction point 限定点PCNA proliferating cell nuclear antigen增殖细胞核抗原PT primary thrombocytosis 原发性血小板增多症MPD 骨髓增殖性疾病Cell differentiation 细胞分化Determination 细胞决定House keeping genes 管家基因Pulmonary fibrosis 肺纤维化Morbid obesity 肥胖症Acute promyelocytic leukemia 急性早幼粒细胞白血病Necrosis 坏死Apoptosis 凋亡Blebbing 空泡化Condensation 固缩Apoptotic body 凋亡小体DR death receptor 死亡受体Death domain 死亡结构域DED Death effector domain 死亡效应结构域MPT mitochondrial permeability transition pore 线粒体内外膜之间通透性转运孔Holoenzyme 全酶Apoptosome 凋亡体Apoptosis-inducing factor AIF 凋亡诱导因子ICAD inhibitor of CAD CAD抑制物CAD DNA酶活化Signal transduction system/ cell signaling system 信号转导系统Receptor-mediated signal transduction system 受体介导的细胞转导系统Ligand 配体Endocrine 内分泌Paracrine 旁分泌Autocrine 自分泌Intracrine 内在分泌Receptor 受体Cytoplasmic/nuclear receptor 胞内受体/核受体Surface/membrane receptor 细胞表面/膜受体Ion-Channel-Iinked receptors 离子通道型受体G-protein coupled receptors GPCR G蛋白偶联受体Enzyme-Iinked receptor 酶偶联受体Signaling protein 信号转到蛋白Cross-talk 交互通话Signaling network 信号网络系统Signaling complex 信号转导复合物Binding domain 结合域SH2 Src homology 2 domain Src同源2结合域PTB phosphotyrosine-binding domain 磷酸化酪氨酸结合域二聚体SH3 Src homology 2 domain PKA cAMP-dependent protein kinase激酶CREB cAMP response element-binding protein结合蛋白CBP CREB-binding protein CRE cAMP response element PLC- B phospholipase C- β PIP2 IP3 DAGPKC protein kinase C CalmodulinAdaptation/desensitizationGRPKs G-protein-linked receptor kinases EGF epidermal growth factor PDGF platelet-derived growth factor因子FGF fibroblast growth factorSrc 同源3结合域 CAMP 依赖性蛋白cAMP 反应元件CRE 结合蛋白 cAMP 反应元件磷酸酯酶C-B 二磷酸磷脂酰肌醇 三磷酸肌醇 二酰基甘油 丝氨酸/苏氨酸蛋白激酶钙调节蛋白 适应/脱敏G 蛋白偶联受体激酶表皮生长因子血小板衍生生长纤维细胞生长因DimerOligomerCross-phosphorylation AutophosphorylationGrb-2 growth-factor-receptor-bound protein蛋白-2MAPK mitogen-activated protein kinases酶ModuleCytokine receptors JAKJanus kinaseSTAT signal transducers and activators of transcription 信号传导及转录 激活蛋白TGF- B transforming growth factor- β ActivinBMPs bone morphogenetic proteins Nuclear receptor superfamily Carrier protein Inhibitory protein Coactivator protein Constitutive activation Dominant negative mutant寡聚体 交互磷酸化 自磷酸化 生长因子受体结合丝裂原激活的蛋白激模板细胞因子受体转化生长因子-B激活素 骨形成蛋白 核受体超家族 载体蛋白 抑制蛋白 共激活蛋白 组成性活化 显性失活突变 重症肌无力Myasthenia gravisThyrotropin receptor TSHrIR insulin receptorIRS-I insulin receptor substrate-1 Glucose transporter GLUT Dysmetabolic syndrome EstrogenRenin-angiotension system RAS Ang IlATI 受伊；Ang Il type 1 receptor Endothelin-I ET-I NorepinephrineCalcineurinAutocrine loopβ -AR β -adrenergic receptor catecholaminestarget therapyCML chronic myelocytic leukemia StressStressorEustressFight or flightDistress 促甲状腺激素受体胰岛素受体胰岛素受体底物葡萄糖转运蛋白代谢障碍综合征雌激素肾素-血管紧张素系统血管紧张素Il内皮素-1去甲肾上腺素神经钙蛋白自分泌环B-肾上腺受体与心衰儿茶酚胺类靶向治疗慢性髓细胞性白血病应激应激原生理性应激/良性应激战斗或逃避Physical stressPsychological stressLC-NEHPACACRH Corticotrophin releasing factor ACTHNEPVNAVP(ADH)GC glucocorticoidGRPsychosocial short statueGAS general adaption syndrome Alarm stageResistance stageExhaustion stageAPR acute phase responseAPP acute phase proteinCRP C-reactive proteinCell stressHIF-I α躯体应激心理应激蓝斑-交感-肾上腺髓质轴下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺皮质轴儿茶酚胺促肾上腺皮质激素释放激素促肾上腺皮质激素去甲肾上腺素室旁核肾上腺皮质糖皮质激素糖皮质激素受体心理社会呆小症全身适应综合征警觉期抵抗期衰竭期急性期反应急性期蛋白C-反应蛋白细胞应激低氧诱导因子-1HSP Heat shock proteinHeat shock responseFoldingTranslocationRenaturationDegradationMolecular chaperoneHSF heat shock factorHSE heat shock element （诱导型启动子）HSTF heat shock transcription factor Stress ulcerInflammationInflammatory agentInfectionAlterationExudationProliferationExudatesTransudateAcute inflammationChronic inflammationImmediate transient response 热休克蛋白热休克反应折叠移位复性讲解分子伴侣热休克因子热休克元件热休克转录因子应激性溃疡炎症致炎因子感染变质渗出增生渗出液漏出液急性炎症慢性炎症TranscytosisImmediate sustained response Leucocyte extravasation Chemotaxis Chemotactic agent Inflammatory mediator PG prostaglandin LΓ leukotriene Serous inflammation CatarrhFibrious inflammationPseudomembranous inflammation CorvillosumSuppurative or purulent inflammation Pus Pus cell EmpyemaPhlegmonous inflammation Abcess Furuncle CarbuncleHemorrhagic inflammation出血性炎穿胞作用 速发持续反应 白细胞渗出 趋化作用 趋化因子 炎症因子 前列腺素 白细胞三烯 浆液性炎 卡他 纤维素性炎 假膜性炎/伪膜性炎 绒毛心 化脓性炎 脓液 脓细胞 积脓 蜂窝组织炎 脓肿 拜Erosion 糜烂Ulcer 溃疡Sinus 窦道Fistula 瘦管Cavity 空腔Bacteremia 菌血症toxemia 毒血症Septicemia 败血症Pyemia 脓毒血症Embolic abscess 栓塞性脓肿Metastatic abscess 转移性脓肿Inflammatory polyp 炎症息肉Inflammatory pseudotumor 炎症假瘤Chronic granulomatous inflammation 慢性肉芽肿性炎Granuloma 肉芽肿Infectious granuloma 感染性肉芽肿Foreign body granuloma 异物性肉芽肿Tumor 肿瘤Neoplasm 新生物Neoplasia 肿瘤形成Benign 良性Malignant 恶性Paraenchyma 实质Stroma 间质Atypia 异型性Differentiation 分化Anaplasia 间变anaplastic tumor 间变性肿瘤structure atypia 组织异型性cellular atypia 细胞异型性pleomarphism 多形性natural history 自然史transformation 转化local invasion 局部浸润distant metastases 远处转移doubling time 倍增时间growth fraction 生长分数tumor stem cell 肿瘤干细胞tumor initiating cell 肿瘤初始细胞angiogenesis 血管生成progression 演进heterogeneity 异质性expensive growth 膨胀性生长invasive growth 侵袭性生长exophytic growth 外生性生长metastasis 转移lymphatic metastasis 淋巴道转移hematogeneous metastasis 血道转移seeding 种植转移ECM extracellular matrix 细胞外基质Detachment 分离Attachment 附着Grading 分级Staging 分期Cachexia 恶病质Ectopic endocrine tumor 异位内分泌肿瘤Ectopic endocrine syndrome 异位内分泌综合征Paraneoplastic syndrome 副肿瘤综合症Borderline tumor 交界性肿瘤Carcinoma 癌Sarcoma 肉瘤Papillioma 乳头状瘤Adenoma 腺瘤Cystadenoma 囊腺瘤FibroadenomaPleomorphic adenoma Polypous adenhoma Squamous cell carcinoma Keratin pearlBasal cell carcinoma Transitional cell carcinoma/ urothelia癌AdenocarcinomaTubular adenocarcinoma Papillary adenocarcinomaSolid carcinomaMucoid carcinoma/ colloid carcinomaSignet-ring cellPreneoplastic conditions or lesions DysplasiaCarcinoma in situIN intraepithelial neoplasia FibromaLipomaHemangiomaLymphangioma纤维腺瘤多形性腺瘤息肉状腺瘤鳞状上皮癌角化珠基底细胞癌carcinoma移行细胞癌/尿路上皮腺癌管状腺癌乳头状腺癌实性癌粘液癌/胶样癌印戒细胞癌前状态/癌前病变非典型性增生原位癌上皮内瘤变纤维瘤脂肪瘤血管瘤淋巴管瘤LeiomyomaOsteiomaFibrosarcomaLiposarcomaRhabdomyosarcomaLeiomyosarcomaHemangiosarcomaOsteosarcomaChondtrosarcomaRetinoblastoma瘤Pigmented nevusMelanomaTeratomaInitiationPromotionPromoterHPV human papilloma virusEBV Epstein-Barr virus HBVhepatitisVirusBHTLV-I human T-cell leukemia/lymphoma virus 淋巴瘤病毒平滑肌瘤骨瘤纤维肉瘤脂肪肉瘤横纹肌肉瘤平滑肌肉瘤血管肉瘤骨肉瘤软骨肉瘤视网膜母细胞色素痣黑色素瘤畸胎瘤激发促进促癌物人类T细胞白血病/H.pylori幽门螺杆菌。
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中英文对照α1 antichymotrypsin α1抗糜蛋白α1 antitrypsinα1抗胰蛋白α-氨基-3-羟基-5-甲基-4-异恶唑α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxa-zolep-propionate, AMPAα-ketoglutarateα 酮戊二酸盐β2-microglobulinβ2－微球蛋白γ-aminobutyric acid, GABA γ-氨基丁酸1α-hydroxylase1α-羟化酶1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 ，1,25-[OH]2D31α,25-二羟基维生素D31,2-diacylglycerol , DAG甘油二酯1,4,5-inositol triphosphate, IP3三磷酸肌醇acetylcholine, Ach乙酰胆碱acidosis酸中毒acromegaly肢端肥大症action potential duration, APD动作电位时程Activated protein C resistance, APCR APC抵抗Acute phase proteins急性期蛋白acute renal failure，ARF 急性肾功能衰竭acute respiratory distress syndrome急性呼吸窘迫综合征acute respiratory distress syndrome, ARDS急性呼吸窘迫综合征acute tubular necrosis，ATN 急性肾小管坏死adalylate cyclase, AC腺苷酸环化酶adenine nucleotide腺瞟呤核苷adhesion molecule粘附分子adrenocortical insufficiency肾上腺皮质功能不全advanced glycosylation end product, AGE 晚期糖基化终末产物agonosia失认airway closure气道闭合albuminuria 蛋白尿aldosterone 醛固酮aliphatic amines脂肪胺alkalosis碱中毒allergical purpura过敏性紫癜Alzheimer’s disease, AD阿尔茨海默病α-melanocyte stimulating hormone, α-MSH α-黑素细胞刺激素ammonia氨Ammonia intoxication氨中毒ammonium，NH4+铵amyloid precursor protein, APP淀粉样前体蛋白amyloidosis淀粉性变性病anaphylactic shock过敏性休克anasarca全身性水肿anatomic shunt解剖分流anemia贫血angiotensin血管紧张素angiotensin II receptor antagonists，Ang II RA 血管紧张素II受体拮抗剂angiotensin II，Ang II 血管紧张素II angiotensinase血管紧张肽酶angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, ACEI 血管紧张素转换酶抑制剂angiotensin-converting enzyme, ACE 血管紧张素转换酶anion gap (AG)阴离子间隙ankyrin锚蛋白anorexia食欲减退antidiuretic hormone，ADH抗利尿激素anti-inflammatory mediator抗炎介质AntithrombinIII(ATIII)抗凝血酶IIIanuria无尿aphasia失语apolipoprotein E, apoE载脂蛋白Eapoptosis凋亡apoptosis activating factor(apaf-1)凋亡激活因子apoptosis-inducing factor(AIF)凋亡诱导因子apraxia失用aquaporins (AQPs)水通道蛋白arachidonic acid，AA花生四烯酸arginine vasopressin (A VP)精氨酸加压素aromatic amino acids芳香族氨基酸arrhythmmias心律失常arteriosclerosis动脉硬化ascending reticular activating system, ARAS上行激动系统ascending reticular inhibiting system, ARIS上行抑制系统ascites腹水ataxia-telangiectasia mutated (ATM)共济失调性毛细血管扩张突变ATP-sensitive K+ channels, K ATP ATP敏感的钾通道atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP)心房利钠多肽autocrine自分泌autoimmune disease自身免疫性疾病auto-transfusion自我输血(液)azotemia 氮质血症basement membrane基底膜BaxBcl-2 family Bcl-2 家族behavioral temperature regulations行为性体温调节bicarbonate buffer system碳酸氢盐缓冲系bicarbonate reclamation碳酸氢盐回收bicarbonate regeneration碳酸氢盐再生成bioactive substances生物活性物质blood brain barrier (BBB)血脑屏障blood urea nitrogen ，BUN血液尿素氮body fluids体液bradykinin缓激肽brain stem reticular formation脑干网状结构brain-derived neurotrophic factor, BDNF脑源性神经营养因子branch chain amino acids支链氨基酸buffer system缓冲系统burn shock烧伤性休克butylene glycol,丁二醇cachexia恶病质calcitonin (CT)降钙素calcium overload钙超载calcium paradox钙反常carbamidine胍carbon dioxide anaesthenia 二氧化碳麻醉carbon monoxide ，CO一氧化碳carbonic anhydrase，CA碳酸酐酶carboxyhemoglobulinemia碳氧血红蛋白血症cardiac dilatation心室扩张cardiac hypertrophy心肌肥大cardiac output心排出量cardiogenic shock心源性休克caspase半胱氨酸天冬酶cast管型，脱落物catalase过氧化氢酶catecholamines, Cas儿茶酚胺CDK inhibitors (CKIs)细胞周期素依赖性激酶抑制因子cell apoptosis细胞凋亡cell cycle细胞周期cell differentiation细胞分化cell proliferation细胞增殖central venous pressure, CVP中心静脉压cerebral cortex大脑皮层Ceruloplasmin铜蓝蛋白checkpoint细胞周期检查点cholecystokinin, CCK胆囊收缩素cholera霍乱choline acetyltransferase胆碱乙酰转移酶chronic alcoholism慢性酒精中毒chronic renal failure，CRF 慢性肾功能衰竭ciliary neurotrophic factor, CNTF睫状神经营养因子circulatory hypoxia循环性缺氧clearance rate of endogenous creatinine内生肌酐清除率cognitive disorder认知障碍collecting ducts集合管colloid osmotic pressure胶体渗透压coma昏迷Compensatory anti-inflammatory response代偿性抗炎反应综合征syndrome, CARSconcentric hypertrophy向心性肥大confusion精神错乱confusion意识混浊conscious disorder意识障碍consciousness意识corticotrophin releasing hormone (CRH)促肾上腺皮质激素释放激素C-reactive protein C-反应蛋白creatinine肌氨酸酐Creutzfeldt Jokob disease, CJD海绵状脑病crosstalk交叉对话crush syndrom挤压综合症cyanate氰酸盐cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)环磷酸腺苷cyclin细胞周期素cyclin-dependent kinases(CDK)细胞周期素依赖性激酶cyclooxygenases环加氧酶cylindruria管型尿cysteine-aspartic acid- proteases，caspase半胱氨酸-天冬氨酸-蛋白酶cytochrome C细胞色素ccytoplasmic apoptosome胞浆凋亡体dead space like ventilation死腔样通气death receptor死亡受体death signal死亡信号delayed afterdepolarization延迟后除极delirium谵妄dementia痴呆desensitization减敏diabetes mellitus 糖尿病diabetic ketoacidosis糖尿病酮症酸中毒diabetic nephropathy糖尿病肾病diamine oxidase二胺氧化酶diarrhea腹泻，痢疾diastolic failure舒张性心衰differentiation-inducing drugs分化诱导药物diffusion disorder弥散障碍disseminated intravascular coagulation, DIC弥散性血管内凝血distal convoluted tubules 远曲小管distress劣性应激Distributive shock分布性休克disturbance in executive functioning失行disulfide (disulphide)，-SS-二硫化合物，二硫键DNA methylation DNA甲基化Dopamine多巴胺dopamine decarboxylase多巴胺脱羧酶dopaminergic neurons多巴胺能神经元dopamine-β-hydroxylase多巴胺β羟化酶down-regulate下调dyspnea呼吸困难eccentric hypertrophy离心性肥大ecchymosis瘀斑edema水肿electrolyte电解质emaciate消瘦，憔悴end-diastolic pressure舒张末期压力endocrine内分泌endogenous pyrogens内生致热原endonuclease核酸内切酶endothelial cell内皮细胞endothelin，ET 内皮素Endothelium derived vasoactive mediators内皮源性血管活性介质endotoxemia内毒素血症endotoxic shock内毒素休克endotoxin内毒素end-stage renal failure 肾衰末期epidermal growth factor , EGF表皮生长因子,上皮生长因子equal pressure point等压点erythropoietin ，EPO 促红细胞生成素essential hypertension 原发性高血压eustress良性应激excitatory neurotransmitter兴奋性神经递质excitatory toxicity 兴奋性毒性excoriation表皮脱落exogenous pyrogens外致热原expiratory dyspnea呼气性呼吸困难extracellular fluid细胞外液extracellular matrix，ECM 细胞外基貭extracellular signal regulated kinase, ERK细胞外信号调节激酶false neurotransmitters假性神经递质familial hypokalemic periodic paralysis家族性低钾性周期性麻痹fever发热fibroblast growth factor; FGF 纤维母细胞生长因子fibroblasts纤维原细胞，纤维母细胞fixed acid固定酸forward mode正向转运Frank-Starling mechanism弗-斯机制free radical自由基fulminant hepatic failure爆发性肝功能衰竭functional shunt功能性分流gamma-aminobutyric acidγ-氨基丁酸General adaptation syndrome (GAS)全身适应综合征gigantism巨人症glia-derived neurotrophic factor, GDNF胶质源性神经营养因子glomerular filtration rate ,GRF 肾小球滤过率glomerular hyperfiltration hypothesis肾小球过渡滤过假说glomerular ultrafiltration coefficient肾小球超滤系数glomerular-tubular imbalance球管失平衡glomerulonephritis肾小球肾炎glomerulosclerosis 肾小球硬化glucagon胰高血糖素glucose autooxidation 葡萄糖自氧化glucuronic acid葡萄糖醛酸Glutamate谷氨酸glutaminase谷氨酰胺酶glutathione peroxidase谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶glycation糖化glycosylation糖基化gout痛风growth hormone, GH生长激素guanidine compound 胍类化合物guanidinesuccinic acid胍基琥珀酸guanylin鸟苷素guanylyl cyclase, GC鸟苷酸环化酶[HCO3-]碳酸氢盐浓度heart failure心衰Heat shock proteins (HSP)热休克蛋白heat-shock factor ( HSF.)热休克因子heavy metals重金属hematomas血肿hematuria 血尿heme oxygenase，HO 血红素加氧酶hemic hypoxia血液性缺氧hemochromatosis血色素沉着病hemorrhagic shock失血性休克Henderson-Hasselbalch equation Henderson-Hasselbalch公式Henle's loop亨利氏襻hepatic encephalopathy(HE)肝性脑病Hepatic failure肝功能衰竭Hepatic insufficiency肝功能不全hepatorenal syndrome（HRS）肝肾综合征high altitude pulmonary edema高原肺水肿high output heart failure高输出量性心衰Histamine组胺histogenous hypoxia组织性缺氧homeostasis稳态Huntington disease神经性舞蹈病hydrogen peroxide过氧化氢hydrophobicity疏水性hydrops积水hydrostatic pressure流体静压hydroxyl radicals, OH·羟自由基hydroxylations羟基化作用hyperaldosteronism醛固酮过多症Hyperarousal唤起、警觉过度hypercalcemia高钙血症hypercapnia高碳酸血症hypercapnic respiratory failure高碳酸血症性呼吸衰竭hypercontracture过度挛缩hyperglycemia 高糖血症hyperkalemia高钾血症hyperkalemic periodic paralysis高钾性周期性麻痹hyperlipidemia高脂血症hypermagnesemia高镁血症hypernatremia高钠血症hyperphosphatemia高磷血症hyperpolarization blocking超级化阻滞hypersensitivity增敏hypertensive nephrosclerosis高血压性肾硬化hyperthermia过热hypertonic dehydration高渗性脱水hypertrophy肥大hyperventilation过度通气hypocalcemia低钙血症Hypoglycemia低血糖症Hypokalemia低钾血症hypomagnesemia低镁血症hyponatremia低钠血症hypoperfusion低灌注hypophosphatemia低磷血症hyposthenuria 低渗尿Hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal cortex (HPA) axis下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺皮质轴hypotonic dehydration低渗性脱水hypotonic hypoxemia低张性低氧血症hypotonic hypoxia低张性缺氧hypovolumic shock低血容量性休克hypoxemic respiratory failure低氧血症性呼吸衰竭hypoxia缺氧hypoxic cell damage缺氧性细胞损伤hypoxic encephalopathy缺氧性脑病hypoxic pulmonary hypertension (HPV)缺氧性肺血管收缩Hysteria癔症IL-1 receptor antagonist,,IL-1ra IL-1受体拮抗剂inappetence食欲不振independent risk factors 独立风险因子indoles吲哚infectious shock感染性休克inhibitor of apoptosis(IAP)凋亡抑制蛋白inosine次黄嘌呤核苷，肌苷inspiratory dyspnea吸气性呼吸困难insulin growth factor; IGF 胰岛素生长因子insulin like growth factor-1，IGF-1胰岛素样生长因子-1 insulin receptor substrate 1/2, IRS-1/2胰岛素受体底物1/2 insulin-dependent diabetes胰岛素依赖性糖尿病intact nephron hypothesis 健存肾单位假说intercellular adhesion molecucle-1, ICAM-1细胞间粘附分子-1interferons (IFNs)干扰素interleukin白细胞介素interleukin-1, IL-1白介素-1internal environment内环境interstitial fibrosis 间貭纤维化interstitial fluid组织间液intracellular fluid细胞内液intracrine内在分泌intraglomerular capillary pressure 肾小球毛细血管血压intrarenal acute renal failure肾性急性肾功能衰竭Intrusion烦扰ischemia injury缺血性损伤ischemia-reperfusion injury缺血-再灌注损伤Ischemic hypoxia stage缺血缺氧期isohydric principle等H+原则isosthenuria等渗尿isotonic dehydration等渗性脱水isotonic hypoxemia等张性低氧血症Janus kinase, JAK JAK激酶juxtaglomerular apparatus 近球小体，球旁器juxtaglomerular cells近球细胞，球旁器细胞kallikrein kinin prostaglandin system, KKPGS 激肽释放酶-激肽-前列腺素系统kininogen 激肽原left ventricular (LV) failure左心衰竭lethargy嗜睡，无生气leukotrienes白三烯lipid peroxidation脂质过氧化lipochromes脂色素lipopolysaccharide, LPS脂多糖lipoxygenase脂加氧酶Locus ceruleus(LC)-norepinephrine蓝斑-去甲肾上腺素神经元-交感neurons(NE)-sympathetic/adrenal medulla axislow output heart failure低输出量性心衰lupus erythematosus红斑狼疮lysophospholipids溶血磷脂lysosomic enzymes溶酶体酶macrophage-inflammatory protein-1β (MIP-1β)巨噬细胞炎症蛋白-1βmacula densa致密斑maldistributive shock分布异常性休克malignant hypertension恶性高血压malondialdehyde丙二醛mechanical ventilation 机械通气medullary thick ascending limb, mTAL 髓襻升支粗段Memory 记忆mesangial cell 肾小球系膜细胞mesangium系膜metabolic acidosis代谢性酸中毒metabolic alkalosis代谢性碱中毒methemoglobulinemia变性血红蛋白血症methylguanidine甲基胍Microangiopathic hemolytic anemia微血管病性溶血性贫血microcirculatory disturbances微循环障碍microtubule微管middle molecules中分子mineralocorticoid receptor ，MCR盐皮质激素受体mitogen-activated protein kinase丝裂原活化蛋白激酶mixed acid-base disorders混合性酸碱失衡mixed antagonist response syndrome, MARS混合性拮抗反应综合征molecular chaperone 分子伴娘monoamine neurotransmitter单胺类神经递质multiple organ dysfunction syndrome, MODS多器官功能障碍综合征multiple organ failure, MOF多器官衰竭myocardial depressant factor, MDF心肌抑制因子myocardial hypertrophy心肌肥大myocardial stunning心肌顿抑myofilament肌丝myoinositol肌醇Na+/Ca2+ exchanger钠钙交换蛋白Na+/H+ exchanger钠氢交换蛋白natriuretic peptide尿钠肽nausea恶心，晕船necrosis坏死necrotic lesion 坏死性损伤nephrotoxic lesion 肾毒性损伤neurogenic shock神经源性休克neuroglia胶质细胞neuron神经元neuropeptide神经肽neurotensin神经降压肽neurotransmitter神经递质neutrophil嗜中性粒细胞nitric oxide synthase一氧化氮合酶nitric oxide, NO一氧化氮N-methyl-D-aspatate N-甲基-D-门冬氨酸non-insulin-dependent-diabetes mellitus, NIDDM非胰岛素依赖性糖尿病nonoliguric ARF非少尿型急性肾功能衰竭nonvolatile acid非挥发酸nor protein nitrogen，NPN非蛋白氮no-reflow phenomenon无复流现象Norepinephrine去甲肾上腺素normocytic normochromic anemia正常红细胞正常色素性贫血nuclear factor κB, NF-κB核因子κBobstructive shock阻塞性休克obstructive ventilatory disorder阻塞性通气障碍oliguria 少尿oncotic pressure胶体渗透压organ failure stage器官衰竭期organum vasculosum laminae terminalis (OVLT)下丘脑终板血管器orthopnea端坐性呼吸困难osteitis fibrosa纤维性骨炎osteomalacia骨软化osteoporosis骨质疏松症osteosclerosis骨硬化oxalic acid草酸oxidative stress氧化应激oxidized glutathione，GSSG 氧化谷胱甘肽oxygen burst氧爆发oxygen capacity (CO2max)氧容量oxygen consumption rate耗氧率oxygen content (CO2)氧含量oxygen free radical氧自由基oxygen intoxication氧中毒oxygen paradox氧反常Oxygen saturation (SO2)氧饱和度oxygen therapy氧疗P53PaCO2动脉血二氧化碳分压paracrine旁分泌paradoxical aciduria反常性酸性尿paradoxical alkaline urine反常性碱性尿parathyroid hormone, PTH 甲状旁腺激素Parkinson disease帕金森病partial pressure of oxygen (PO2)氧分压perfusion灌注periarteritis nodosa动脉周围炎permeability通透性peroxidation过氧化peroxynite (ONOO )过氧亚硝酸盐Peroxynitrite anion, ONOO-过氧亚硝酸阴离子pH pHpH paradox pH反常phosphatidylinositol 4,5-diphophate, PIP2磷脂酰肌醇二磷酸phosphatidylinositol system磷脂酰肌醇系统phosphoinsitol 3’ kinase,PI3K磷脂酰肌醇3激酶phospholipase磷脂酶phospholipase C, PLC磷脂酶C phosphorylation磷酸化physiological temperature regulation 生理性体温调节pitting edema凹陷性水肿Plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI)纤溶酶原激活物抑制物platelet-activating factor, PAF血小板活化因子platelet-derived growth factor; PDGF 血小板源性生长因子polyamines多胺polycystic kidney多囊肾polycythemia红细胞增多症polymorphonuclear leukocyte多形核白细胞polyuria多尿POMC前阿黑皮原portal hypertension门静脉高压症portal systemic encephalopathy（PSE）门脉系统脑病postrenal acute renal failure肾后性急性肾功能衰竭post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)创伤后应激障碍potassium deficit缺钾precipitating factor诱因preoptic area of the anterior hypothalamus视前区前下丘脑(POAH)prerenal acute renal failure肾前性急性肾功能衰竭Presenilin,PS早老蛋白pressure overload压力负荷过度primary aldosteronism ，PA原发性醛固酮增多症prion protein, PrP朊蛋白programmed cell death程序性细胞死亡progressive renal disease进行性肾疾患proinflammatory cytokines致炎细胞因子proinflammatory mediators促炎介质prostaglandin前列腺素prostatic hypertrophy甲状腺肥大protein buffer system蛋白质缓冲系Protein C(PC)蛋白Cprotein kinase C, PKC蛋白激酶Cprotein kinase G, PKG蛋白激酶Gprotein kinase, PK蛋白激酶protein phosphatases蛋白磷酸酯酶Protein S(PS)蛋白Sprotein tyrosine phosphatase蛋白酪氨酸磷酸酶proteinuria蛋白尿proximal convoluted tubules近曲小管pseudohypoparathyroidism, PHP假性甲状旁腺功能减退症P-substance P物质psychosocial dwarf心因性侏儒psychosocial short stature社会心理(心因性)矮小状态pulmonary artery wedge pressure, PAWP肺动脉楔入压pulmonary edema肺水肿pulmonary encephalopathy肺性脑病pulmonary heart disease (cor pulmonale)肺原性心脏病pyelonephritis肾盂肾炎pyridine derivatives嘧啶衍生物reactive oxygen species, ROS活性氧redox氧化还原反应reduced Glutathione，GSH 还原型谷胱甘肽reductive equivalent还原当量renal anemia肾性贫血renal hypertension肾性高血压renal insufficiency 肾功能不全renal osteodystrophy 肾性骨营养不良renal poisons肾毒物renal rickets肾性佝偻病renal tuberculosis肾结核renal tubular acidosis 肾小管性酸中毒renal tubular cells肾小管细胞renal ultrasound肾超声renin肾素renin–angiotensin– aldosterone system ，RAAS 肾素-血管紧张素-醛固酮系统reperfusion arrhythmia再灌注性心律失常reperfusion injury再灌注损伤resin树脂respiratory acidosis呼吸性酸中毒respiratory alkalosis呼吸性碱中毒respiratory burst呼吸爆发respiratory failure呼吸衰竭respiratory quotient呼吸商restrictive ventilatory disorder 限制性肺通气障碍reticulocyte网状细胞retinoblastoma视网膜母细胞瘤retinoid acid维甲酸retinol- binding protein视黄醇结合蛋白reverse mode反向转运rheumatoid arthritis类风湿性关节炎ribonuclease核糖核酸酶right ventricular (RV) failure右心衰竭Schistocyte裂体细胞schizophrenia精神分裂症second messengers第二信使seizures癫痫发作selectins选择素sepsis败血症septic shock败血症休克setpoint调定点shock休克signal molecules信号分子signal transducers and activators of transcription,信号转导和转录激活因子STATsignal transduction信号转导singlet oxygen, 1O2单线态氧soluble TNFα receptor, sTNFαR 可溶性TNFα受体spectrin血影蛋白spontaneously hypertensive rat, SHR 自发性高血压大鼠stagnant hypoxia stage淤血缺氧期Stem cells干细胞steroid/thyroid/retinoid/orphan-receptor family类固醇/甲状腺/类维生素A/孤儿Stress应激Stress ulcer应激性溃疡Stressor应激原stupor人事不省, 麻痹sulfhydryl (sulphydryl, hydrosulfide group), -SH-巯基superoxide anion, O2-·超氧阴离子superoxide dismutase, SOD超氧化物歧化酶sympathetic-adrenomedullary system交感神经－肾上腺髓质系统syndrome of inappropriate ADH secretionADH异常分泌综合征(SIADH)systemic inflammatory response syndrome, SIRS全身炎症反应综合征systemic lupus erythematosus系统性红斑狼疮systolic failure收缩性心衰thalamus丘脑Thrombin activatable fibrinolysis inhibitor(TAFI)凝血酶原激活的纤溶抑制物Thrombomodulin(TM)血栓调节蛋白Tissue factor pathway inhibitor (TFPI)组织因子途径抑制物Tissue factor(TF)组织因子Tissue-plasminogen activator (tPA)组织型纤溶酶原激活物Trade-off Hypothesis矫枉失衡假说transcellular fluid跨细胞液transforming growth factor-β，TGF-β转化生长因子βtransmembrane signal transduction跨膜信号转导triglyceride甘油三酯tubuloglomerular feedback，TGF 管球反馈tubulorrhexic lesion 小管破裂性损伤tumor肿瘤tumor necrosis factor (TNF)肿瘤坏死因子Tumor necrosis factor α, TNFα肿瘤坏死因子αtyrosine hydroxylase酪氨酸羟化酶tyrosine kinase酪氨酸激酶tyrosine protein kinase , TPK酪氨酸蛋白激酶ubiquitination泛素化ultrafiltrate超滤液up-regulation上调urea尿素uremia 尿毒症uremia toxin 尿毒症毒素uremic frost尿素霜urethral calculi尿道结石urethrophraxis尿道梗塞uric acid尿酸Urokinase-plasminogen activator(uPA)尿激酶型纤溶酶原激活物vasoactive intestinal peptide,VIP血管活性肠肽vasoactive peptide血管活性肽vasopeptidase inhibitor，VPI 血管肽酶抑制剂vasopressin,VP血管加压素vegetative state植物状态ventilation and perfusion imbalance通气-血流比例失调ventilatory disorder肺通气障碍ventral septal area (VSA)腹中隔区ventricular hypertrophy心室肥大vicious cycle恶性循环volatile acid挥发酸volume overload容量负荷过度water intoxication水中毒xanthine dehydrogenase, XD黄嘌呤脱氢酶xanthine oxidase, XO黄嘌呤氧化酶。