非谓语动词用法归纳语法.doc
非谓语动词的用法Microsoft Word 文档
✧To do 结构题✧ask sb. to do sth.请（叫）某人做某事✧tell sb to do sth 告诉某人去做✧help sb ( to) do sth. 协助做某事✧want sb to do sth. 想要做某事✧wish sb to do sth. 希望做某事✧invite sb. to do sth.邀请某人做某事✧drive sb. to do sth .驱使某人做某事✧expect sb. to do sth. 希冀某人做某事✧forbid sb. to do sth. 禁止，制止某人做某事✧force sb. to do sth. 强迫某人做某事✧persuade sb to do sth 劝说某人做某事✧warn sb to do sth警告某人做某事✧warn sb not to do sth警告某人不要做某事✧warn sb against doing sth 警告某人不要做某事✧hope to do sth. 希望做某事✧offer to do sth. 自动提出做某事✧plan to do sth. 方案做某事✧prepare to do sth. 预备做某事✧pretend to do sth. 伪装做某事✧promise to do sth. 容许做某事✧refuse to do sth. 回绝做某事✧fail to do sth. 未能做某事✧happen to do sth. 碰巧做某事✧agree to do sth 同意做某事✧afford to do sth 付得起做某事✧learn to do sth学会做某事✧manage to do sth 尽力做某事✧adj/adv enough to do sth 足够…去做某事✧whether to do sth 是否做某事✧will you please do /not do sth 请做/不要某事好吗✧need / want/ require sb to do sth✧need / want/ require doing = need / want/ require to be done✧advise sb. to do sth. 建议某人做某事✧advise doing sth. 建议做某事✧allow sb. to do sth. 允许某人做某事✧allow doing sth 允许做某事✧seem to do sth {好像做某事｝✧It takes sb some time to do sth { 花费某人某段时间去做某事｝✧It is +形容词+for sb +to do sth {做某事对某人来说怎么样｝✧send sb to do sth {派某人去做某事｝✧It is time to do sth {该做某事了｝/ It's time for sb to do sth {对某人来说该去做某事了｝✧find it +形容词+ to do sth {发现做某事怎么样｝✧hear sb do sth {听到某人做某事｝/ hear sb doing sth {听到某人正在做某事｝✧follow sb to do sth {跟着某人做某事｝✧sb happened to do sth {某人碰巧做某事｝✧be certain to do sth {确定去做某事｝✧be excited to do sth {做某事感到很兴奋｝✧allow sb to do sth {允许某人去做某事｝✧It is better to do sth = had better do sth {最好去做某事｝✧take care to do sth {当心做某事｝✧encourage sb to do sth {鼓励某人去做某事｝✧can't wait to do sth {迫不及待地想做某事｝✧be about to do sth {正要做某事｝✧start to do sth / start doing sth =begin to do sth / begin doing sth {开始做某事｝✧believe sb to do sth {相信某人做某事｝✧invite sb to do sth {邀请某人去做某事｝✧help sb (to) do sth {帮助某人去做某事｝✧be surprised to do sth {做某事感到很惊讶｝✧encourage sb to do sth {鼓励某人去做某事｝✧long to do sth 希望去做某事✧attempt to do sth企图去做✧volunteer to do sth志愿去做✧choose to do sth选择去做✧intend to do sth想要去做✧refuse to do sth拒绝去做✧cause sb to do sth引起/促使某人去做✧order sb to do sth命令某人去做✧enable使某人能够去做✧urge激励,某人去做✧encourage鼓励某人去做✧be opposed to do sth ,应该去做✧would like to do 愿意去做✧get sb to do sth使得某人去做某事✧ing 结构✧consider doing sth. 思索做某事✧enjoy doing sth. 喜欢做某事✧escape doing sth. 逃脱做某事✧finish doing sth. 完成做某事✧give up doing sth. 保持做某事✧imagine doing sth. 想象做某事✧mind doing sth. 介意做某事✧practice doing sth. 练习做某事✧prevent doing sth. 阻止做某事✧put off doing sth. 推延做某事✧risk doing sth. 冒险做某事✧forbid doing sth. 制止做某事✧forgive doing sth. 原谅做某事✧avoid doing sth 避免做✧keep doing sth 坚持做✧suggest doing sth 建议做✧feel like doing sth 感觉想要做✧be well worth doing sth 非常值得做✧be used to doing sth 习惯做✧give up doing sth放弃做✧look forward to doing sth 盼望做什么✧can’t help doing sth 忍不住做。
非谓语动词用法总结
非谓语动词用法总结非谓语动词是历年高考英语的重要考点之一，同时也是较难掌握的难点之一。
它贯穿于英语学习和考试过程的始终。
但是，只要认真分析、透彻理解、看透本质、准确把握，就一定能在高考中运筹帷幄，游刃有余。
一．非谓语动词区别简表二．不定式的用法不定式不可作谓语，但它可以有自己的宾语、状语，构成不定式短语，在句中可以作主语、宾语、表语、定语（表用途）、状语或补足语。
高考对不定式的考查主要有不定式的时态、语态、作用、否定、省略、连词＋不定式等。
作主语不定式作主语表示具体的动作，通常指一件已知的事或目的。
不定式作主语时，谓语动词用单数。
eg:To say is a thing,to do is another.(说是一回事，做是另外一回事。
)（2）不定式短语较长时，通常放在谓语之后，用it作形式主语。
eg:①It is important to learn English well.(学好英语是重要的。
)②It is necessary for us to do the job well.(我们做好这项工作是必要的。
)③It is a great honor to be invited to give a speech here.(被邀请在这儿发表演讲是一个极大的荣幸。
)2.作宾语（1）常只用不定式作宾语的动词有：want,wish,hope,long,expect,desire,intend,decid e,ask,promise,aim,offer,agree,plan,learn,choos e,refuse,fail,manage,pretend等。
eg:①He refused to help me.(他拒绝帮助我.)②She has agreed to come tomorrow.(他已同意明天来.)(2) 不定式较长时，作宾语，也可用it代替，放在后面。
eg;I find it difficult to do the job well.(3) “特殊疑问词﹢不定式to do结构”具有名词特征，可作宾语。
非谓语动词用法归纳(语法).docx
非谓语动词用法归纳一、表格的用法doing 的用法You should try to avoid making mistakes.The book is worth reading.The book deserves reading.（ 2）表进行Walking on the grassland, I saw a snake.=When I was walking on the grassland, I saw a snake.The man speaking English is Tom. = The man who is speaking English is Tom.（ 3）表主动The man speaking English is Tom = The man who speaks English is Tom.= The man who spoke English is Tom.Nobody dinks boiling water but boiled water.= Nobody dinks water thatis boiling but the water that has boiled.（ 4）表伴随I stand outside waiting for Mr. Chen.I lie in bed reading a novel.（ 5）表性质；特点The film is very moving.She is understanding, so you had better discuss your business with her.（ 6）概括性 ,一般性Climbing mountain is very interesting.Driving a car during the rush hour is tiring．在高峰时刻开车令人厌烦。
(概括性,一般性 )Our work is serving the people．（7）动名词的逻辑主语为；①人称代词的所有格 +动名词；②名词 's+动名词。
非谓语动词(不定式)的用法
非谓语动词(不定式)的用法非谓语动词（动词不定式的具体用法）动词不定式有三大语法功能：1.充当名词，可作主语、宾语或表语；2.充当形容词，可作后置定语或宾语补足语；3.充当副词，可作状语。
构成不定式需要使用“to+动词原形”的形式，否定式则在不定式符号之前加入否定词“not/never”。
一、不定式作主语的用法不定式作主语的特点是具有名词的功能，可表示意愿或未完成的事情，谓语动词要用单数。
常见的此类名词有：plan（计划）、purpose（目的）、attempt（企图）、goal（目标）、aim（目的）、n（雄心）、dream（梦想）、ideal（理想）、wish（希望/愿望）、hope（希望）、n（决定）、n（决定）、proposal（提议/建议）等。
为了避免主语过长，不定式短语可放在句末，用形式主语“it”代替原来的主语位置，不定式则成为真正的主语。
例如：___.（赢得冠军是我的雄心。
）To master a foreign language is necessary.（掌握一门外语是有必要的。
）To e President of the United States used to be my goal.（过去我的梦想是成为美国总统。
）Speaking perfect English is always my dream.（说一口流利的英语一直是我的梦想。
）It is ___.（保护环境是有必要的。
）There are two special ___:1) It is + adj + of sb + to do sth.2) It is + adj + for sb + to do sth.___ characteristics and differences are:1) If ___ characteristics or traits。
the logical subject of the ___ "of."Examples:It is very affable of you to help me。
(完整word版)非谓语动词用法归纳
非谓语动词用法归纳非谓语动词在英语中，动词不定式、动名词和分词（包括现在分词和过去分词）可以出现在句子中除谓语以外的任何一个位置上，充当句子的主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、补语等成分，这些动词形式称为非谓语动词。
1．不定式和动名词作主语的区别(1)动名词作主语通常表示抽象动作；而不定式作主语表示具体动作。
Smoking is prohibited(禁止)here．这里禁止抽烟。
(抽象)It is not very good for you to smoke so much．你抽这么多烟对你身体很不好。
(具体)(2)动名词作主语时，通常用以表示一件已知的事或经验。
不定式短语通常用来表示一件未完成的事或目的。
Driving a car during the rush hour is tiring．在高峰时刻开车令人厌烦。
(经验)（3）不定式做主语，一般用it当形式主语，把作主语的不定式短语后置。
It took me only five minutes to finish the job.2．不定式、动名词和分词作表语的区别(1)不定式作表语1)不定式作表语一般表示具体动作，特别是表示将来的动作。
To do two things at a time is to do neither．--次做两件事等于未做。
2）如果主语是不定式（表示条件），表语也是不定式（表示结果）。
To see is to believe.百闻不如一见。
3)如果主语是以aim，duty，hope，idea，happiness，job，plan，problem，purpose，thing，wish等为中心的名词，或以what引导的名词性从句，不定式作表语是对主语起补充说明作用。
His wish is to buy a luxurious car in the near future．他的希望是在不远的将来买一辆豪华轿车。
(2)动名词作表语：动名词作表语，表示抽象的一般性的行为。
（完整版）非谓语动词考点总结归纳
（完整版）⾮谓语动词考点总结归纳⾮谓语动词考点总结归纳⾮谓语动词包括不定式，动名词和分词。
它们是⾼中所学的基础语法，也是⾼考必考内容。
既是⾼考的难点⼜是⾼考的热点。
真正领悟⾮谓语动词的⽤法要具备以下基础知识：①具有句⼦结构的知识，会分析句⼦成分。
②具有简单句最基本的五种句型的知识，要分得清双宾语和复合宾语。
③具有扎实⽽丰富的动词知识，要分得清及物动词和不及物动词。
④具备各种复合句的知识，能够拆析复合句和长难句。
1．三种⾮谓语动词的构成及变化形式。
不定式主动被动⼀般形式（本⾝包含将去做To do To be done的含义）进⾏形式To be doing --------------完成形式To have done To have been done动词的ING 形式主动被动⼀般形式（本⾝包含正在进Ving Being Ved⾏的含义）完成形式Having Ved Having been Ved●过去分词done （⽆变化）●所有⾮谓语动词的否定形式都是把否定副词not,never放在⾮谓语动词的前⾯。
2. 三种⾮谓语动词形式句法功能⽐较主宾表定状补功能种类不定式√√√√√√动名词√√√√分词√√√ √考点⼀：⾮谓语作主语。
1. 在很多情况下没有明显的不同. Seeing is believing.=To see is to believe.2. 不定式做主语表⽰某⼀次具体的,特定的或有待实现的动作, ⽽动名词则表⽰通常的情况.eg:To tell him the truth would be the best. / Painting is an art.动词不定式（短语）作主语时，另⼀种形式是在句⾸⽤先⾏代词it作形式主语，⽽将动词不定式（短语）移到谓语之后作真正主语。
⽤于这种形式是⼀些特定形容词，动词和名词1)形容词作表语It is adj/n.(for sb.) to do sth. （常见的形容词是：necessary,important,possible等）It is adj./n.(of sb.) to do sth. (常见的形容词是clever,stupid,foolish,wise,cruel等)2)常见的动词有：require, cost, amuse, delight, annoy等eg: It takes much time to do sth./ It didn’t occur to me to ask him to help me.3)⼀些名词作表语eg: It seems a pity to waste them./It is a great pleasure to do this./It is a good idea to think this way动名词做主语时常⽤的句型有：It is nice doing sth./It’s foolish doing sth./It is useless doing that/It’s a waste of time doing this.worth one’s while doing sth./ It’s no good (use) doing that./It’sIt’s an awful job doing this. /It’s fun doing this.There is/ was no sense in doing/no point in doing考点⼆：⾮谓语动词作宾语详细见5+3 P70-72页补充:1.begin和start在下列三种情况下, 通常跟不定式, 不跟动名词1) 当begin和start的主语是⽆⽣命之物时. eg: Snow began to melt.2) 当begin和start⽤于进⾏时时. eg: He is beginning to study English.3) 当begin和start后⾯跟着⼀些表⽰⼼理状态的词时. eg: I began to believe his story.2. be afraid to do 不敢去做……be afraid of doing 害怕发⽣某事3. be sure to do ⼀定会…… be sure of doing 确信会……eg: Tom is sure to pass the exam.(说话⼈的看法, 认为Tom ⼀定会考试通过.)Tom is sure of passing the exam. ( Tom 对⾃⼰通过考试很有把握.)考点三：⾮谓语动词作表语不定式、动名词、分词做表语：1.不定式做表语常表⽰谓语动词所表⽰动作之后发⽣的动作。
(完整版)非谓语动词语法讲解
非谓语动词语法讲解一、非谓语动词的概念动词的基本用法是作谓语。
当句中已经有了谓语动词了，要选或要填的动词就只能用非谓语形式了。
非谓语形式有三种：1、动词不定式：to do 2、动词的ing : doing 3、动词的过去分词：done二、三种形式的含义（基本用法）不定式：表示目的和将来；动词的ing：表示主动和进行；过去分词：表示被动和完成。
三、非谓语动词的时态和语态一般式完成式进行式不定式主动to do to have done to be doing被动to be done to have beendoneing 形式主动doing having done 被动being done having beendone过去分词被动done四、非谓语动词的否定形式在非谓语动词前加not, never. 即 not / never to do, not / never doing五、非谓语动词的复合结构不定式的复合结构：for / of sb. to do sth.动词 ing 形式的复合结构：宾格或所有格+doing (-ing 形式作主语时，用的所有格＋doing)六、非谓语动词的做题步骤1、判定是否用非谓语形式。
方法：看看句子中是否已有了谓语动词了2、找非谓语动词的逻辑主语。
方法：非谓语动词的逻辑主语一般是句子的主语。
3、判断主被动关系。
方法：非谓语动词与其逻辑主语的主动还是被动关系。
4、判断时间关系。
方法：分析句子，看看非谓语动词所表示的动作发生在谓语动作之前、之后还是同时。
之前常用 done; 之后常用to do; 同时常用doing.学习非谓语形式时，建议把三种形式一起来比较学习，会更加有效一些。
七、非谓语动词作主语和表语的比较1、不定式和动名词作主语和表语a. 不定式表示一次性的、具体的动词。
动词ing 常表示一般的、泛指的或习惯性的动作。
如：________ is a good form of exercise for both young and old.A. The walkB. WalkingC. To walkD. Walk(分析) a good form 暗示泛指一般的行为，用动名词作主语，选 Bb. 不定式作主语时，常用it 作形式主语，即用句型：It is + adj. / n. + (for / of sb. ) to do sth.It’s important for us to learn English well.It’s kind of you to help us.注意：下面几个句型是用动名词：It’s no good / use doing sth.It’s usel ess doing sth.There is no need to do sth.2、不定式、动名词、分词作表语的比较1、不定式、动名词作表语，.表示主语的内容。
非谓语动词用法归纳
非谓语动词用法归纳非谓语动词主要包括不定式、动名词和现在分词。
为了区分这三种不同的非谓语动词的用法和含义，我们将分别从三种非谓语动词在句子中做主语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语、状语、表语以及一些特殊结构句型等角度来区分其用法和细微含义。
1．不定式和动名词作主语的区别(1)动名词作主语通常表示抽象动作；而不定式作主语表示具体动作。
Smoking is prohibited(禁止)here．这里禁止抽烟。
(抽象)It is not very good for you to smoke so much．你抽这么多烟对你身体很不好。
(具体)(2)动名词作主语时，通常用以表示一件已知的事或经验。
不定式短语通常用来表示一件未完成的事或目的，即：将做还未做。
Climbing mountains is interesting．爬山很有趣。
(经验)Driving a car during the rush hour is tiring．在高峰时刻开车令人厌烦。
(经验)（3）不定式做主语，一般用it当形式主语，把作主语的不定式短语后置。
It took me only five minutes to finish the job.2．不定式、动名词和分词作表语的区别(1)不定式作表语1)不定式作表语一般表示具体动作，特别是表示将来的动作。
To do two things at a time is to do neither．一次做两件事等于未做。
What I would suggest is to start work at once.我的建议是立刻开始干。
2）如果主语是不定式（表示条件），表语也是不定式（表示结果）。
To see is to believe.百闻不如一见。
To work means to earn a living．工作就是为了生活。
3)如果主语是以aim，duty，hope，idea，happiness，job，plan，problem，purpose，thing，wish等为中心的名词，或以what引导的名词性从句，不定式作表语是对主语起补充说明作用。
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非谓语动词用法归纳主动被动1.doing 用在要求动词后；进行；伴随；性质；特点；2. being done 正在进行的被动概括；抽象；一般 4. having been done 用于句首；要求动词后（有过去3. having done 有先后动作表完成(一般用在句首)时间或过去动作）5. to do用在要求动词后；目的；将来；具体6. to be done 将来的被动7. to have done 在要求动词后表完成的动作(一般用8. to have been done 用在要求动词后（有过去时间或在句中 )过去动作）9. done 被动；完成（一般或普遍时间）一、表格的用法1. doing 的用法（ 1）在要求动词后（作宾语）： avoid 避免 appreciate 感激 /欣赏 acknowledge 承认 /自认 admit 承认 advocate 提倡 /主张 consider 考虑 can't help 不禁 can't stand 受不了 contemplate 细想 complete 完成 confess 坦白 dislike 不喜欢，讨厌deserve 值得 delay 延迟 deny 否认 dread 可怕 defer 拖延 detest 嫌恶 enjoy 享有 /喜爱 envy 嫉妒 endure 忍受 excuse 借口 escape 逃跑 /逃避 finish 完成 forgive 原谅 fancy 幻想 /爱好 favor 造成 /偏爱 figure 描绘 / 计算 hate 讨厌 imagine 设想involve 卷入 /包含 keep 保持 miss 错过 mention 说到 /讲到 mind 介意 pardon 原谅 /饶恕permit 允许 postpone 推迟 practice 实行 /实践 prevent 阻止 quit 放弃停止 risk 冒险 recall 回想 resist 抵抗 /阻止resume 恢复 repent 悔悟 resent 怨恨 stand 坚持 / 忍受 suggest 建议 save 营救 /储蓄 tolerate 忍受worth 值得You should try to avoid making mistakes.The book is worth reading.The book deserves reading.（ 2）表进行Walking on the grassland, I saw a snake.=When I was walking on the grassland, I saw a snake.The man speaking English is Tom. = The man who is speaking English is Tom.（ 3）表主动The man speaking English is Tom = The man who speaks English is Tom.= The man who spoke English is Tom.Nobody dinks boiling water but boiled water.= Nobody dinks water that is boiling but the water that has boiled.（ 4）表伴随I stand outside waiting for Mr. Chen.I lie in bed reading a novel.（ 5）表性质；特点The film is very moving.She is understanding, so you had better discuss your business with her.（ 6）概括性 ,一般性Climbing mountain is very interesting.Driving a car during the rush hour is tiring．在高峰时刻开车令人厌烦。
( 概括性 ,一般性 )Our work is serving the people ．（ 7）动名词的逻辑主语为；①人称代词的所有格+动名词；②名词's+动名词。
例如：Tom insisted on my going with them ．他坚持要我和他们一起去。
He dislikes his wife's working late ．他不喜欢他妻子工作得很晚。
2.being done 表示正在进行的被动The boy being criticized by Mr. Chen is Tom. = The boy who is being criticized by Mr. Chen is Tom.Being criticized by Mr. Chen, the boy felt sad. = When the boy was being criticized by Mr. Chen, he felt sad.The building being built will be the tallest one in this city.= The building that is being built will be the tallest one in this city.3.having done 有先后动作表完成 (一般用在句首 )Having finished the class, I went home. = After I had finished the class, I went home.Having done the work, I had a short rest. = After I had done the work, I had a short rest.Having done the work, I went back home.Having been done, the work was checked by the leaders.4. having been done 用于句首；有先后动作表完成有先后动作表完成,（有过去时间或过去动作）I appreciate having been given the opportunity to study abroad two years ago. ( 要求动词后 )=I appreciate that I was given the opportunity to study abroad two years ago.Having been given the opportunity to study abroad two years ago, I still appreciate your help then.= Because I was given the opportunity to study abroad two years ago, I still appreciate your help thenI appreciate having been given the opportunity to study abroad two years ago.I enjoy giving the opportunity to study abroad to Mr. Wang.I appreciate being given the opportunity to study abroad now.Having been finished, the report was turned in.= After the report had been finished, it was turned in.5. to do 的用法 :(1)用在要求动词后 : 接 to do 的动词（作宾语）attempt 企图 afford 负担得起 arrange 安排 appear 似乎，显得 ask 问 agree 同意 believe 认为、相信 begin 开始 beg 请求 bother 扰乱 /烦恼 care 关心，喜欢 choose 选择 claim 要求 consent 同意，赞同 contrive 设法，图谋 demand 要求destine 注定 determine 决定 dread 害怕 desire 愿望 decide 决定 enable 能够 expect 期望 endeavor 努力 fail 不能 hate 憎恨 /厌恶 happen 碰巧 hesitate 犹豫 hope 希望 intend 想要 incline 有⋯倾向 long 渴望 love 爱 learn 学习 mean 意欲，打算manage 设法 neglect 忽视 need 需要 omit 忽略，漏 offer 提供 pretend 假装 plan 计划 prefer 喜欢 /宁愿 prepare 准备profess 表明 promise 承诺 /允许 propose 提议 refuse 拒绝 swear 宣誓 start 开始 seek 找/寻觅 try 试图 undertake 承接volunteer 志愿 vow 起 wish 希望 want 想要(2)表示具体动作，特别是表示将来的动作(做表语 )。
Our work is to serve the people ．The person to do the job is Tom. = The person who will do the job is Tom.To do two things at a time is to do neither ．一次做两件事等于未做。
What I would suggest is to start work at once. 我的建议是立刻开始干。
如果主语是不定式（表示条件），表语也是不定式（表示结果）。
To seeis to believe. 百闻不如一见。
To work means to earn a living ．工作就是为了生活。
如果主语是以aim ， duty， hope， idea， happiness， job， plan，problem ， purpose， thing ，wish 等为中心的名词，或以what 引导的名词性从句，不定式作表语是对主语起补充说明作用。
His wish is to buy a luxurious car in the near future．他的希望是在不远的将来买一辆豪华轿车。