英国各个王朝

一．House of Norman
Norman Conquest: William I led his army to invade England in October 14, 1066，for Harold, earl of Wessex, was later chosen to be king of England. William I killed Harold and defeated his army, thus making himself the founder of House of Norman. During the rule of William’s next two successor s, strong and centralized government continued in a federalized society. Henry Plantagenet, in 1154, established the House of Plantagenet as Henry II. Henry and his sons, Richard and John, expanded royal authority.
二. House of Anjou:
King John quarreled with the Pope about the election of the see of Canterbury but failed，so he had to obey the Pope. Consequently, In 1215, “Magna Carta” or “Great Charter” was signed.
Pious was well-meaning but incompetent and extravagant. Simon de Montfort led the barons and rose against Henry III in 1264, and the parliament started in 1265.
三. House of Plantagenet
Henry II was the first king of House of Plantagenet. He took measures to bring the disorders of king Stephen reign to an end. In the first year of his reign, Edward I King of England suppressed corruption in the administration of justice, restricted the jurisdiction of the courts to church affairs, and eliminated the Pope's over lordship over England.
四. House of Lancaster
Wars of the Roses: (1445-1487) it was a series of wars between the supporters of House of Lancaster and those of House of York. There were three emperors during this time, they were Henry IV, Henry V, and Henry VI.
五．House of York
The House of York was the ruling house of England, including Edward IV, Edward V, and Richard III. During the wars of the roses, its symbol was a white rose. Henry VI was killed in London Tower and then Edward was crowned. Finally the wars ended with Richard III’s death in Bosworth Field.
六．House of Tudor
Henry VII was the 1st king of the House of Tudor, he strengthened the government and his own power at the expense of the nobles. Through monetary strategy, he managed to steadily accumulate wealth during his reign. He established a new dynasty after 30 years of struggle. He strengthened the judicial system as well as the treasury and successfully denied all the other claimants to his throne.
七．House of Stuart
James Stuart, king of Scotland and later king of England, was the first king of the House of Stuart. James I insisted on the Divine Right of kings, believing kings were only responsible to God and not to any parliaments. He believes t he king’s will was the only law. Parliament of 1614 and parliament of 1621 were both dismissed by James I just because the parliaments criticized his policies and asked for the reformation in the country. Charles I was the second king of the House of Stuart and the successor of James I. The English Civil War broken during his reign.。