生物专业英语词汇(P-R)

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生物技术专业英语单词汇总

生物技术专业英语单词汇总

absorption spectrum吸收光谱actin 肌动蛋白actin肌动蛋白actual 现行的additional额外的adenine腺嘌呤adhere 附着aerial hyphae 气生菌丝aflatoxin 黄曲霉素aggregates聚集体aggregation集合体algae 藻类algae藻类align on排一行在…alkaponuria尿黑酸alleles等位基因alter 改变alter改变amino acids 氨基酸anaphase后期anchors 固着anemia贫血症antenna天线apparent明显的approximately 大概arid干旱arrangement 排列array排列ascomycetes 子囊菌ascospores 子囊孢子ascus 子囊asexual 无性的asexual无性的assembled from集合assembled into 组装associate 与..联系associated 相关的atmospheric大气中的backbone主干,骨架basal body基体basidia 担子basidiocarp 担子果beadlike珠链状的bearer承载着bearing 含有biosynthetic生化的blending theory融合理论bond键bond键bond键boost激活bounded by 包被branch 分支breed true纯品系brief短暂的bubblelike泡状cap 盖,帽captured 捕获carbohydrates碳水化合物carboxylase羧化酶carotenoid类胡萝卜素catalyzed催化catastrophic灾难的categories 类别cell plate 细胞板cellular 细胞的centrioles中心粒centriole中心粒centromeres着丝粒centromere着丝粒chalones抑素chemotaxis趋药性chitin 几丁质chlorophyll叶绿素chromatid染色单体chromatin染色质chromoplast叶绿体chytridiomycele 亚壶纲cilia(单cilium)纤毛citric acid 柠檬酸classes 纲classification 分类clay泥土cleaved分解club shaped 棒状的clusters成簇coacervates团聚体code编码code密码coenocytic 多核的coenocytic 多核的coenzyme辅酶coiled srands螺旋线coiling螺旋coil螺旋comert..into把..转变成complementary strand互补链complex复杂的component 成分component原件composite 复合的composition组成composition组成compound转化成comprise 包含condensed形成condese浓缩conidia 子实体conservative保留constituent结构constructive work建设性工作contractile 可收缩的contraction 收缩contract收缩converted to转化成core核心cosmic explosion宇宙大爆炸creeping 爬行crossing over交换crust地壳current当前的cytokinesis胞质分裂cytoplasm 细胞质cytosine胞嘧啶cytoskeleton 细胞骨架cytoskeleton 细胞骨架dalivery 释放damp 潮湿的decompose 分解decomposers 分解器deduced推断degrode降解demonstrate论证dense浓厚的deoxyribose脱氧核糖deposited堆积derive获得descendant后代descend经过deuteromycate 未知菌种diffusing 扩散的digestion 消化digestive enzymes消化酶digest消化dihybrid crosses双因子杂交dikaryotic 双核的dills菌褶diploid 二倍体diploid二倍体discharge 释放dispersal 分散dissolved in溶解在distinct 明显的distinctive 有特色的distinct独特的distinguished 以…为特征distributed分配distribut分布分结division 分裂dominant显性的donor供体double helix双螺旋doublet 二联体drew upon确立droplets液滴duplicate复制dynein动力蛋白dynein动力蛋白ecological 生态的elucidate阐明了embedded in 包埋embedded in包埋emergence出现encode编码endergoniv吸能的endoplasmic reticulum 内质网equator中部,赤道eukaryotic 真核生物exception例外excited state激发态exergonic 释放能量exert产生exhibit显示exportable protein输出蛋白exportable可运输的extend延伸external外部的extracellular 细胞外的fat 脂肪ferment 发酵ferredoxin铁氧还原蛋白filament 细丝filament纤维丝flagella(单flagellum)鞭毛flagellated 有鞭毛的fliamentous 细丝的formation形成,构造n。

GRE生物词汇表

GRE生物词汇表

GRE生物词汇表SATII生物词汇表AActin 肌动蛋白Active transport 主动运输Algae 海藻,藻类Allele 等位基因Alveolar 肺泡Amino acid 氨基酸Amitosis 无丝分裂Anaerobic respiration 厌氧呼吸Anaphase 后期Antibody 抗体(免疫球蛋白)Antibiotics 抗生素Apoptosis 细胞凋亡Appendage 附属肢体Artery 动脉Arthropoda节肢动物门Artificial fertilization 人工受精Atomic mass 原子量Autocrine 自分泌方式Autosome 常染色体Autotroph 自养生物BBacteria 细菌Baldness 秃头Base pairing 碱基配对Basophilic granulocyte 嗜碱性粒细胞Bile 胆汁Biomass 生物的数量Blastula 囊胚Blood platelet 血小板Boreal taiga 寒带针叶林CCancer 癌症Capillary 毛细血管Carbon dioxide 二氧化碳Carbon monoxide 一氧化碳Carnivore 肉食动物Catabolism 分解代谢Cell 细胞Cell proliferation 细胞增殖Cell wall 细胞壁Centipede 蜈蚣Centromere 着丝粒Cerebellum 小脑Cerebral cortex 小脑皮层Chloroplast 叶绿体Chordata脊索动物门Chromatid 染色单体Chromatin 染色质Chromosome 染色体Cilia 纤毛Cloaca 泄殖腔Circulatory system 循环系统Collagen 胶原蛋白Complementary 互补的Condenser lens 电容器镜头Conjugation 接合生殖Connective tissue 结缔组织Cornea 角膜Cortex 树皮,皮层Cotransport协同运输Crossing-over 交换Cytokines 细胞因子Cytoplasm 细胞质Cytoskeleton 细胞骨架DDecay 腐败Decomposer 分解者Defect 缺陷Degradation 降解Dehydration synthesis 脱水合成Desertification 沙漠化Denaturation 变性Differentiation 分化Digestion 消化Diploid 二倍体Dominant gene 显性基因EEarthworm 蚯蚓Ecosystem 生态系统Ectoderm 外胚胎Electron gun 电子枪Endocrine 内分泌方式Endocrine gland 内分泌腺Endoplasmic reticulum 内质网Enzyme 酶Epidermis 表皮,上皮Erythrocyte(red blood cell)红细胞Esophagus 食管Equatorial plate 赤道板Eukaryotic cell 真核细胞Eutrophication 超营养作用Evolution 进化Excrement 排泄物Excretory system 分泌系统Exoskeleton 外骨骼Extinction 灭绝FFat 脂肪Fatty acid 脂肪酸Fermentation 发酵Fern 蕨类植物Fertilization 受精Flagella 鞭毛Flavin黄素Fluorescence microscope 荧光显微镜Fossil 化石Fructose 果糖Fungi 真菌Furrow 分裂沟GGastrula 肠胚Gene 基因Genetic codon 遗传密码Genetic drift 遗传漂移Genome 基因组Genotype 基因型Germination 发芽Gland 腺体Glucose 葡萄糖Glycerol 甘油Glycogen 糖原Glycolysis 糖酵解Glycoprotein 糖蛋白Golgi complex 高尔基因Grasshopper 蝗虫Growth factor 生长因子HHabituation 适应效应Haploid 单倍体Helix 螺旋Hemoglobin 血红蛋白Herbivore 食草动物Heterotrophs 异养动物Heterozygote 杂合体Homeostasis 动态平衡Homozygote 纯合体Homologous chromosome 同源染色体Hemolysis 溶血Hormone 荷尔蒙(激素)Hydrochloric acid 盐酸Hydrolysis 水解作用IImprinting 印痕效应Immune system 免疫系统Infection 感染Inheritance 遗传Insight 识别Insulin 胰岛素Interphase 间期Ionization 电离作用KKidney 肾Kinetochore 动粒LLactic acid 乳酸Lactase 乳糖分解酵素(乳糖酶)Lactose 乳糖Large intestine 大肠Larvae 幼虫Light energy 光能Lobster 龙虾Locus 基因座Lung 肺Lymph node 淋巴结Lysosomes 溶酶体MMacrophage 巨噬细胞Maple 枫树Medulla oblongata 延髓Meiotic division(meiosis) 减数分裂Metabolism 代谢Mesoderm 中胚层Mesophyll cell 叶肉细胞Metaphase 中期Methane 甲烷Microorganism 微生物Minnow 鲤类小鱼Mitochondria 线粒体Mitosis 有丝分裂Molecule 分子Muscular system 肌肉系统Mutation 突变NNatural selection 自然选择Neuron 神经元Neurotransmitter 神经传递素Nitrogenous base 含氮碱基Nuclear membrane 核膜Nuclei 核Nucleic acid 核酸Nucleolus 核仁Nutrition 营养O Oak 橡树Octopus 章鱼Olfactory bulb 嗅球Omnivore 杂食动物Oral cavity 口腔Organelle 细胞器Osmosis 渗透作用Oxidize 氧化Ovum 卵细胞Ozone 臭氧PPancreas 胰腺Paracrine 旁分泌方式Parthenogenesis 单性生殖,孤雌生殖Pathogen 病原体Pea 豌豆Peristalsis 蠕动Peroxisome 过氧化物酶体Pepsin 胃蛋白酶Pepsinogen 胃蛋白酶原Peptide 肽键Phagocytosis 吞噬作用Phenotype 表型Pheromone 外激素Phloem 韧皮层Phosphorus 磷Phospholipid 磷脂Phosphorylation 磷酸化作用Photosynthesis 光合作用Pipet 球管Pituitary gland 垂体Placenta 胎盘Plasma membrane 质膜Plasmodesmata胞间连丝Polypeptide 多肽Polypoid多倍体Population 种群Potassium 钾Predation 捕食Prokaryotic cell 原核细胞Producer 生产者Prophase 前期Protein 蛋白质Projector lens 放映机镜头RRadial symmetry 辐射对称Recessive gene 隐性基因Recombination 重组Reproductive system 生殖系统Respiration 呼吸作用Respiratory system 呼吸系统Respirometer呼吸计Root 根SSalamander 蝾螈Saturation 饱和度Scale 鳞片Seed 种子Serum 血清Skeleton 骨骼Sodium chloride 氯化钠Speciation 物种形成Specimen 标本Spermatogenesis 精子发生Spider 蜘蛛Spindle 纺锤体Spore 孢子Stain 染色Starch 淀粉Stem cell 干细胞Stroma lamella 基粒片层Sucrose 蔗糖Sugar 糖类Sulfur dioxide 二氧化硫Syndrome 综合症Synapsis 联会TTelomere 端粒Telophase末期Temperate forest 温带森林Temperate grassland 温带草原Tertiary structure 蛋白质三级结构T etrad 四分体T oxin 毒素Transcription 转录Transgenic animals 转基因动物Translation 翻译(蛋白)Tropical savanna 热带稀树大草原Tropical rain forest 热带雨林True leaf 真叶Tumor 肿瘤Tundra 苔原,冻土地带UUnicellular 单细胞Urea 尿素Urine 尿VVaccine 疫苗Vacuole 液泡Vacuum chamber 真空管Variation 变异Vascular cambium 维管形成层Vein 静脉Virus 病毒Vitamin 维生素WWild type 野生型XXylem 木质部。

(完整版)生物学专业英语词汇

(完整版)生物学专业英语词汇

Botany植物学Cell theory细胞学说cell membrane细胞膜nucleus 细胞核Organelle 细胞器cell wall细胞壁cytoplasm细胞质protoplast原生质体cell cycle细胞周期mitochondrion 线粒体photosynthesis光合作用unit membrane 单位膜chloroplast 叶绿体chlorophyll叶绿素xanthophyll叶黄素carotene胡萝卜素golgiosome高尔基体ribosome 核糖体lysosome溶酶体microfilament微丝nuclear fission核分裂reproduction繁殖primary wall初生壁secondary wall次生壁plasmodesma胞间连丝mitosis有丝分裂amitosis无丝分裂meiosis减数分裂cytokinesis胞质分裂interphase间期prophase前期metaphase中期anaphase后期telophase末期tissue组织pistil 雌蕊stamen雄蕊ovary子房pollination传粉pollen tube花粉管porogamy珠孔受精chalazogamy合点受精mesogamy中部受精apomixis无融合生殖apogamy无配子生殖patrogenesis孤雄生殖parthenogensis 孤雌生殖apospory无孢子生殖pericarp果皮life history生活史root system根系main root主根lateral root侧根taproot system直根系fibrous root system须根系cortex皮层vascular cylinder 维管柱pericycle中柱鞘xylem ray 木射线vascular ray 维管射线phloem ray韧皮射线root cap根冠Casparian strip凯氏带primary xylem初生木质部primary phloem初生韧皮部vascular ray 维管射线xylem ray 木射线phelloderm栓内层phloem ray韧皮射线embryo胚homologous organ同源器官analogous organ同功器官endosperm胚乳seed coat种皮radicle胚根plumule胚芽hypocotyl下胚轴cotyledon子叶dormancy休眠seed germination种子萌发eukaryote真核生物prokaryote原核生物algae藻类blue-green algae蓝藻trichogyne受精丝mucopolysaccharide黏多糖gelatinous sheath 胶质鞘exospore外生孢子heterosexual cell异性细胞green algae绿藻isogamy同配生殖anisogamy 异配生殖anisogamy 卵式生殖zygogamy 接合生殖haploid单倍体diploid二倍体polyploid多倍体carposporophyte孢子体brown algae褐藻sea-tangle海带agar琼脂fungi菌类parasitism寄生saprophytic腐生的lichen地衣archegonium颈卵器antheridium精子器antiphyte孢子体gametophyte配子体protonema原丝体bryophyta 苔藓植物cruciferae十字花科vascular plants微管植物aquatic plant水生植物salicaceae杨柳科angiosperm被子植物endoplasmic reticulum内质网vegetative reproduction营养繁殖intercellular layer胞间层phellogen& cork cambium木栓形成层asexual reproduction无性繁殖sexual propagation有性繁殖tetradynamous stamen四强雄蕊didynamous stamen二强雄蕊monodelphous stamen单体雄蕊diadelphous stamen二体雄蕊triadelphous stamen三体雄蕊polyadelphous stamens多体雄蕊synantherous stamen聚药雄蕊primary wall cells初生壁细胞vegetative cell营养细胞male sterility雄性不育filiform apparatus丝状器meristem zone 分生区elongation zone伸长区maturation zone成熟区embryophyte有胚植物specific parasitism专性寄生specific saprophyte专性腐生facultative parasitism兼性寄生facultative saprophyte兼性腐生sexual generation有性世代asexual generation无性世代Zoology动物学cell细胞prokaryotic cell原核细胞eukaryotic cell真核细胞protein蛋白质nucleic acid核酸carbohydrate糖lipid脂质protoplasm原生质inclusion内含物cell cycle细胞周期pulmonary alveolus肺泡flagellum鞭毛food vacuole食物泡pinocytosis胞饮作用fission裂体生殖microgamete小配子zygote合子microtubule微管contraction silk 收缩丝merogenesis 卵裂blastocoele 囊胚腔complete cleavage完全卵裂layering分层cynapse突触myoneme肌丝myocyte肌细胞mesoglea中胶层monoecism雌雄同体dioecism雌雄异体velum缘膜radial symmetry辐射对称nerve net神经网planula 浮浪幼虫bilateral symmetry两侧对称mesoderm中胚层tubule cell 管细胞osmoregulation渗透调节acetabulum 腹吸盘oral sucker口吸盘metacercaria囊蚴pseudocoel假体腔cuticle角质膜cloacal pore泄殖孔renette腺肾细emunctory排泄管resting egg休眠卵metamere体节metamerism分节现象sense organ 感觉器periostracum壳皮层prismatic layer壳层nacreous layer珍珠层veliger 面盘幼虫glochidium 钩介幼虫adductor闭壳肌segmentation异律分节linear animal线形动物pericardial cavity围心腔cervical vertebra颈椎sacral vertebra荐椎pulmonary vein肺静脉precaval vein 前腔静脉bladder气囊middle ear中耳tympanum cavity中耳腔amnion羊膜neopallium新皮层lagena 瓶状囊wishbone叉骨postcaval vein后腔静脉glandular stomach腺胃air sac气囊salt gland盐腺sclerotic ring 巩膜骨viviparity胎生placenta胎盘allantois尿囊rumen瘤胃bursa of fabricius 腔上囊masticatory stomach肌胃reticulum网胃omasum瓣胃abomasum皱胃cochlea耳蜗earthworm蚯蚓internal naris内鼻孔amniota羊膜动物arthropod节肢动物coelenterate腔肠动物annelid环节动物cell membrane&plasma membrane细胞膜epithelial tissue上皮组织connective tissue结缔组织cartilage tissue软骨组织osseous tissue骨组织muscular tissue肌肉组织cardiac muscle心肌intercalated disc闰盘Nissl's body尼氏小体colony &group群体meroblastic cleavage不完全卵裂colonial theory 群体说gastrovascular cavity消化循环腔muscle system肌肉体系excretory system排泄系统reproductive system生殖系统digestive system消化系统archinephric duct原肾管basal lamina & basal membrane基膜cross-fertilization异体受精self-fertilization自体受精final host终寄主first intermidate host第一中间寄主semicircular canal半规管second intermediate host第二中间寄主Genetics遗传学heredity 遗传variation 变异gene 基因pisum sativum 豌豆segregation 分离gamete 生殖细胞zygote 合子allele 等位基因genotype 基因型phenotype 表现型test cross 测交oryza sativa 水稻diploid 二倍体haploid 单倍体centromere 着丝粒satellite 随体linker 连丝mitosis 有丝分裂mesoblast中胚层spindle 纺锤体interphase 间期spindle fiber 纺锤丝vicia faba蚕豆nucleoplasm 核质spermatogenous 精原细胞oogonium 卵原细胞spermatid 精细胞Phenocopy 拟表型epistasis上位效应mutant突变型gametic lethal配子致死zygotic lethal合子致死autosome 常染色体dominant lethal显性致死carrier 携带者homozygote 纯合体heterozygote 杂合体genotype 基因型phenotype 表现型linkage group 连锁群interference 干涉coincidence 并发率genetic map 遗传学图wild type野生型mutation 突变heterokaryon 异核体auxotroph 营养缺陷型strain 菌株recipient 受体donor 供体fragment 片段induction 诱导prophage 原噬菌体transduction 转导Mendel’s laws 孟德尔定律law of segregation 分离定律first filial generation 子一代parental generation 亲代dominant character 显性性状recessive character 隐性性状hereditary determinant 遗传因子parental combination 亲组合recombination 重组合punnett square 棋盘法Mendelian character 孟德尔性状primary constriction 初级缢痕secondary constriction 次级缢痕nucleolar organizer 核仁形成区first polar body 第一极体second polar body 第二极体sister chromatids 姐妹染色单体female gametic nucleus 卵核multiple alleles 复等位基因sex-chromosome性染色体sex-linked inheritance 伴性遗传primary constriction 初级缢痕secondary constriction 次级缢痕complementary gene互补基因homologous chromosome 同源染色体sister chromatids 姐妹染色单体secondary oocyte 次级卵母细胞three-point testcross 三点测交primary spermatocyte 初级精母细胞secondary spermatocyte 次级精母细胞first division segregation 第一次分裂分离second division segregation 第二次分裂分离law of independent assortment 自由组合定律Biochemistry 生物化学essential element必需元素trace elements微量元素proteoglycan蛋白聚糖amino acid氨基酸primary structure 一级结构random coil无规卷曲structural domain 结构域subunit亚基degeneration变性adenine腺嘌呤guanine鸟嘌呤cytosine胞嘧啶thymine胸腺嘧啶uracil尿嘧啶nucleoside 核苷nucleotide核苷酸base pairing碱基配对base pair碱基对数base碱基数gyrase旋转酶nucleosome核小体complementary DNA互补DNA plasmid质粒transposons转座子repetitive sequence重复序列exon外显子intron内含子variable loop可变环ribonuclease核糖核酸酶renaturation复性hyperchromic effect增色效应base stacking force碱基堆积力annealing退火melting-out temperature熔解温度hypochromic effect减色效应maltose麦芽糖sucrose蔗糖lactose乳糖starch淀粉glycogen糖原cellulose纤维素cellulase纤维素酶selectivity选择性substrate底物holoenzyme全酶cofactor辅因子coenzyme辅酶oxidase氧化酶metabolism新陈代谢assimilation同化作用catabolism异化作用metabolite代谢产物biological oxidation 生物氧化cytochrome细胞色素rotenone鱼藤酮amytal阿密妥antimycin A抗霉素A cyanide氰化物glycolysis糖酵解ethanol乙醇citrate柠檬酸cis-aconitate 顺乌头酸succinic acid琥珀酸oxaloacetic acid草酰乙酸acetyl-coenzyme乙酰辅酶fumarate延胡索酸glyoxylate cycle 乙醛酸循环malate苹果酸fatty acid 脂肪酸carbon unit一碳单位replicon复制子core enzyme 核心酶primosome引发体Okazaki fragment冈崎片段leading chain 前导链lagging strand后随链terminator终止子telomere端粒telomerase端粒酶replication fork复制叉vector载体promoter启动子terminator终止子operon操纵子codon密码子degeneracy简并性hormone激素citric acid cycle 柠檬酸循环deamination脱氨基作用urea cycle尿素循环euchromatin常染色质messenger RNA信使RNAtransfer RNA转移RNA ribosome RNA核糖体RNA metabolic regulation代谢调节feedback regulation反馈调节structural gene结构基因promoter gene启动基因operator gene操纵基因regulator gene调节基因termination factor终止因子triplet code三联体密码initiator codon起始密码termination codon终止密码semiconservative replication半保留复制ornithine cycle鸟氨酸循环ketogenic amino acid生酮氨基酸glucogenic amino acid生糖氨基酸oxidative deamination氧化脱氨作用transamination转氨基作用reverse transcription逆转录decarboxylation脱羧作用semidiscontinuous replication半不连续复制reverse transcriptase 逆转录酶missense mutation错义突变synonymous mutation同义突变neutral mutation中性突变nonsense mutation无义突变phosphatidic acid 磷脂酸essential amino acids 必需氨基酸dihydrouracil loop二氢尿嘧啶环anticodon loop反密码子环double-strand circular DNA 双链环形DNA superhelical DNA 超螺旋DNA open circular DNA 开环DNA linear DNA 线形DNAbase stacking force 碱基堆积力secondary structure二级结构super-secondary structure超二级结构tertiary structure三级结构quaternary structure四级结构negative supercoil DNA负超螺旋DNA positive supercoil DNA正超螺旋DNAGlyceraldehyde-3-phosphate甘油醛-3-二磷酸glucogenic and ketogenic amino acid生糖兼生酮氨基酸restriction endonuclease限制性内切酶polymerase chain reaction聚合酶链反应Microbiology微生物学living creatures 生物culture medium 培养基lawn菌苔culture plate 培养平板bacteria 细菌archaea 古生菌eukaryote真核生物prokaryote 原核生物protozoan 原生动物hypha 菌丝mycoplasma 支原体yeast 酵母菌plasmolysis 质壁分离Escherichia Coli大肠杆菌murein胞壁质peptidoglycan 肽聚糖mucopeptide黏肽outer membrane外膜chromosome染色体nucleolus 核仁nucleoid 拟核chromatin 染色质centromere 着丝粒telomere 端粒protoplast 原生质体mycoplasma 支原体glycoprotein 糖蛋白mesosome 间体cytoplasm细胞质megnetosome磁小体nucleoid拟核glycocalyx 糖被capsule 荚膜flagellum 鞭毛lysosome 溶酶体chloroplast 叶绿体thylakoid类囊体inorganic salt 无机盐peptone 蛋白胨sulfur bacteria 硫细菌beef extract牛肉膏vitamin 维生素inclusion body 内含物lithotroph 无机营养型medium 培养基agar 琼脂organotroph 有机营养型antiport 逆向运输active transport 主动运输pinocytosis 胞饮作用catabolism 分解代谢passive transport 被动运输uniport 单向运输anabolism 合成代谢fermentation发酵batch culture 分批培养log phase 对数生长期stationary phase 稳定生长期lag phase 迟缓期decline phase衰亡期aerobe 好氧菌antibiotic 抗生素antigenome 反基因组transformation 转化genome 基因组plasmid 质粒transforming factor 转化因子diploid 二倍体haploid 单倍体transposable element 转座因子conjugation接合作用transposon转座子phenotype 表型genotype基因型auxotroph营养缺陷型wild-type野生型transition 转换transversion 颠换spontaneous mutation 自发突变reverse mutation 回复突变sexduction 性导transduction 转导promoter 启动子operon 操纵子recombination repair 重组修复repressor 阻遏蛋白corepressor辅阻遏物clone 克隆denaturation 变性annealing 退火extension 延伸cloning vector 克隆载体replicon 复制子telomere 端粒cohesive end 黏性末端promoter 启动子terminator 终止子gene therapy 基因治疗phylogeny 系统发育ammonification 氨化作用nitrification 硝化作用denitrification 反硝化作用expression vector 表达载体aerobic respiration有氧呼吸anaerobic respiration无氧呼吸origin of replication 复制起始点incompatibility 不亲和性gene mutation 基因突变synonymous mutation 同义突变chromosomal aberration 染色体畸变missense mutation 错义突变frame-shift mutation 移码突变lactose operon 乳糖操纵子negative transcription control 负转录调控tryptophan operon 色氨酸操纵子cytoplasmic inheritance 细胞质遗传genetic engineering 基因工程recombinant DNA technology 重组DNA技术palindromic structure 回文结构spread plate method 涂布平板法pour plate method 倾注培养法streak plate method 平板划线法shake tube method 稀释摇管法continuous culture 连续培养。

生物常用英文基本词汇表

生物常用英文基本词汇表

Coding sequence 编码序列
DNA 序列中为蛋白质编码的部分。
Codon Complementary
密码子 互补的
基因编码部分的三核苷酸组合,对应于一 个特定的氨基酸。
( 1 )通过氢键连接的核苷酸对( G 和 C; A 和 T; A 和 U ) ;( 2 )核苷酸
链的反向平行对。
Computational 计算分子生物 主要研究分子生物学数据的分析方法,开
人类基因组计划
通过全球合作,绘制人类基因组的全 部序列图谱。
housekeeping gene
管家基因
发育过程中在任何时间、在任何器官 都高度表达的基因。
H-P (hydrophobic-polar)
model
H-P
(疏水极性) 以固定半径的单个原子表示蛋白质中
模型
的一个氨基酸残基的简单网格模型。
染色质 染色体
在真核生物细胞核内部由大量 DNA 以及 与此相关的组蛋白组成的近似均匀混合
物。 在原核生物,包含一个细胞基因组的 DNA 分子称为染色体。在真核生物中,与蛋白 质复合在一起、包含大量遗传信息的线型
DNA 分子。
clone
克隆
无性繁殖,如生物体克隆、基因克隆等。
cloning
克隆
在类染色体载体中插入特定的 DNA 一段, 使得它们可以在活细胞中得以保存并复 制。
胞嘧啶
作为碱基的两种嘧啶中的一种。
CAAT box
CAAT 盒
大多数真核启动子具有的一段短序列,其 片段模式为 C-A-A-T , 通常出现在 转录 起始位点上游 80 个 核苷酸的地方。许多
因子可以与 CAAT 盒结合 。
carboxy terminus

常用生物学专业英语词汇同名

常用生物学专业英语词汇同名

常用生物学专业英语词汇(同名19427)1.Biology - 生物学2.Cell - 细胞3.DNA - 脱氧核糖核酸4.RNA - 核糖核酸5.Gene - 基因6.Chromosome - 染色体7.Protein - 蛋白质8.Enzyme - 酶9.Mitosis - 有丝分裂10.Meiosis - 减数分裂11.Photosynthesis - 光合作用12.Respiration - 呼吸作用13.Evolution - 进化14.Adaptation - 适应15.Mutation - 突变16.Genetics - 遗传学17.Genotype - 基因型18.Phenotype - 表型19.Natural selection - 自然选择20.Ecology - 生态学21.Ecosystem - 生态系统22.Biodiversity - 生物多样性23.Conservation - 保护24.Endangered species - 濒危物种25.Extinction - 灭绝26.Classification - 分类27.Taxonomy - 分类学28.Kingdom - 界29.Phylum - 门30.Class - 纲31.Order - 目32.Family - 科33.Genus - 属34.Species - 种35.Anatomy - 解剖学36.Physiology - 生理学37.Microbiology - 微生物学38.Virology - 病毒学39.Immunology - 免疫学40.Biotechnology - 生物技术41.Genetic engineering - 基因工程42.Cloning - 克隆43.Stem cells - 干细胞44.Embryology - 胚胎学45.Developmental biology - 发育生物学46.Neurobiology - 神经生物学47.Botany - 植物学48.Zoology - 动物学49.Entomology - 昆虫学50.Marine biology - 海洋生物学51.Ornithology - 鸟类学52.Herpetology - 爬行动物学53.Mammalogy - 哺乳动物学54.Ecology - 生态学55.Population - 种群munity - 群落57.Ecosystem - 生态系统58.Habitat - 栖息地59.Food chain - 食物链60.Food web - 食物网61.Trophic level - 营养级62.Producer - 生产者63.Consumer - 消费者64.Decomposer - 分解者65.Mutualism - 互利共生66.Parasitism - 寄生mensalism - 共生68.Biome - 生物群落69.Tundra - 苔原70.Desert - 沙漠71.Grassland - 草原72.Forest - 森林73.Rainforest - 热带雨林74.Freshwater - 淡水75.Marine - 海洋76.Estuary - 河口77.Wetland - 湿地78.Adaptation - 适应79.Migration - 迁徙80.Hibernation - 冬眠81.Camouflage - 伪装82.Mimicry - 拟态83.Symbiosis - 共生84.Reproduction - 繁殖85.Asexual reproduction - 无性繁殖86.Sexual reproduction - 有性繁殖87.Fertilization - 受精88.Gamete - 配子89.Ovum - 卵子90.Sperm - 精子91.Pollination - 授粉92.Seed dispersal - 种子传播93.Germination - 发芽94.Growth - 生长95.Development - 发育96.Metabolism - 新陈代谢97.Homeostasis - 动态平衡98.Nervous system - 神经系统99.Digestive system - 消化系统100.Respiratory system - 呼吸系统。

生物技术专业词汇

生物技术专业词汇

生物技术专业楚雄师范学院08生物杨平2012 年6 月生物技术专业英语词汇一、表示数量的词素1. haplo,mono,uni :单,一,独 haploid 单倍体 monoxide 一氧化碳 monoatomic 单原子的2. bi,di,dipl,twi,du ::二,双,两,偶 biocolor 双色,dichromatic 双色的,diplobacillus 双杆菌 dikaryon 双核体 twin :孪生 dual 双重的3. tri :三,丙 triangle 三角 triacylglycerol 三酰甘油 tricarboxylic acid cycle 三羧酸循环4. quadri,quadru,quart,tetr,tetra:四 quadrilateral 四边的 quadrivalent 四价的quadruped 四足动物 tetrode 四极管 tetracycline 四环素5. pent,penta,quique 五 pentose 戊糖 pentagon 五角形 pentane 戊烷 quintuple 五倍的 pentose戊糖 pentomer 五邻粒6. hex,hexa,sex 六 hexose 已糖 hexapod 六足动物 hexapoda 昆虫纲 hexamer 六聚体7. hepta,sept(i) 七 heptane 庚烷 heptose 庚糖 heptoglobin 七珠蛋白8. oct 八 octpus 章鱼 octagon 八角形 octane 辛烷 octase 辛糖9. enne,nona 九 nonapeptide 九肽 enneahedron 九面体10. deca,deka 十 :decapod 十足目动物 decahedron 十面体 decagram 十克11. hecto, 百 hectometer 百米 hectoliter 百升 hectowatt 百瓦12. kilo,千 kilodalton (KD) 千道尔顿 kilobase 千碱基 kiloelectron volt 千电子伏特13. deci,十分之一,分 decimeter 分米 decigram 十分之一克14. centi,百分之一15. milli,千分之一,毫 millimole 毫摩(尔)milliliter 毫升16. micro,百万分之一,微,微小,微量 microgram 微克 microogranism 微生物microecology微生态学 micropipet 微量移液器17. nano 十亿分之一,毫微,纳 nanosecond 十亿分之一秒 nanometer 纳米18. demi,hemi,semi 半 demibariel 半桶 hemicerebrum 大脑半球semiopaque半透明semiallel半等位基因 semiconductor半导体19. holo 全,整体,完全 holoenzyme 全酶 holoprotein 全蛋白 holocrine 全(质分)泌20. mega 巨大,兆,百万 megaspore 大孢子,megabasse 兆碱基 megakaryocyte 巨核细胞megavolt 兆伏 megalopolitan 特大城市21. macro 大,巨大,多 macrophage 巨噬细胞 macrogamete 大配子 macroelement 常量元素macromolecular 大分子22. poly,multi,mult 多,复合 polyacrylate 聚丙烯酸酯 polymerase 聚合酶multichain 多链的multinucleate 多核的 multicistronic mRNA 多顺反子 mRNA multicopy 多拷贝二、表示颜色的词素1 chrom 颜色chromophore 生色团 chromosome 染色体 chromatography 色谱法2 melan,melano,nigr 黑melanoma 黑素瘤 melanin 黑色素 melanophore 黑色素细胞3 xantho,flavo,fla,flavi,lute 黄xanthophyl 叶黄素 xanthous 黄色的,黄色人种xathine 黄嘌呤 flavin(e)黄素flavone 黄酮 letein黄体素,叶黄素 flavin adenine dinucleotide(FAD)黄素腺嘌呤二核苷酸4 erythro, rub, rubrm, ruf,红erythrocyte 红细胞 erythromycin 红霉素 erythropoitin(EPO)促红细胞生成素5 chloro,chlor 绿,氯chlorophyll 叶绿素 chloride 氯化物 chloramphenicol 氯霉素6 cyan,cyano 蓝,青紫色,氰cyanophyceae 蓝藻纲 cyanobacteria 蓝细菌 cyanide 氰化物7 aur,glid,chrys 金色aureomycin 金霉素 chrysose 金藻淀粉 chrysanthemum 菊花 glidstone 金沙石 glid 镀金8 leu,leuco,leuk,leuko,blan,alb 无色,白色leucine 亮氨酸 leukaemia=leucosis 白血病 bleaching powder 漂白粉 albomycin 白霉素三、表示摄食的词素1 –vore 食……动物,vorous食……动物的algivore 食藻动物 carnivore 食肉动物 herbivore 食草动物 omnivore 杂食动物2phage吃(食)食……生物(体)phagous吃(食)……的phage 噬菌体 phagocyte 吞噬细胞 zoophage 食肉动物saprophage 腐食者四、表示方位和程度的词素1 endo,ento,内,在内endocrine 内分泌 endocytosis 胞吞作用 endogamy 近亲繁殖 endolysin 内溶素entoderm 内胚层2 ec, ect, exc, extra 外,外面,表面ectoblast 外胚层 ectoparasite 外寄生生物 extract 抽取,浸出3 meso 中,中间mesosphere 中圈,中层 mesoplast 中胚层质4 intra,intro,inter 在内,向内intraallelicinteraction 等位基因内相互作用 intracellular(细)胞内的 interurban 城市之间5 centri,centro,medi,mid 中心,中央,中间centrifuge 离心 centriole 中心粒 centrosome 中心体 centrogeng 着丝基因6 epi,peri 上,外,旁epidermal growth factor(EGF): 表皮生长因子 epibranchial 上鳃的 perilune 近月点7 sub,suc,suf,sug 下,低,小suborder 亚目 submucosa 粘膜下层 subclone 亚克隆 subcellular 亚细胞 subsection 小节,分部8 super,supra 上,高,超superconductor 超导体 superfluid 超流体 superoxide 超氧化物 supramolecular 超分子的9 hyper 超过,过多hypersensitive 过敏的 hyperelastic 超弹性的 hypertension 高血压 hyperploid 超倍体10 hypo 下,低,次hypoglycaemia 低血糖 hypotension 低血压 hypophysis 脑下垂体11 iso 等,相同,同isoosmotic等渗的 isopod 等足目动物 isotope 同位素12 oligo,olig 少,低,寡,狭oligohaline 狭盐性 oligogene 寡基因 oligomer 寡聚体 oligophagous 寡食性oligarchy 寡头政治13 eury 多,宽,广eurythermal 广温的 euryhaline 广盐性 eurytopic species 广幅种14 ultr 超ultraacoustics超声学 ultrastructure超微结构 ultroviolet 紫外线15 infra 下,低,远infralittoral 潮下带,远岸的 infrahuman 类人生物 infrared 红外线的infrastructure 基础结构,基本结构五表示动物不同器官和组织的词素1 cephal,capit,cran 头,头颅2 cyte 细胞3 carn,my,mya,myo,肉,肌肉4 haem,haemat,hem,aem,sangul 血5 soma,corp 体,身体6 some,plast 体,颗粒7 hepa,hepat 肝 heparin 肝素 hepatopancreas 肝胰腺 hepatocyte 肝细胞 hepatoma 肝癌8 ren,nephr 肾 adrnal 肾上腺的 nephridia 肾管 nephron 肾单位9 card,cord 心 cardiotoxin 心脏毒素 cardiovascular center 心血管中枢electrocardiogram 心电图 concord 一致,和谐10 ophthalm,ocell,ocul 眼 ophthalmology 眼科学 ophthalmia 眼炎 ophthalmologist 眼科专家11 branchi 鳃 filibranch 丝鳃 lamellibrnch 瓣鳃 sencondary branchium 次生鳃12 brac ,brachi 腕,手臂 brachiolaria 短腕幼虫 brachionectin 臂粘连蛋白 bracelet 手镯13 dent,odont 牙齿 dentin 牙质 odontphora 齿舌 odontoblast 成牙质细胞14 plum 羽 plumatus 羽状的 plumule 绒毛 plumage (鸟的)羽毛15 foli,foil 叶 follicle 滤泡 foiling 叶形 foliage 叶子 foliose生物技术专业英语词汇第一节表示无,抗,非的前缀一.a,an无,非。

生物专业英语词汇常见词素

生物专业英语词汇常见词素

生物专业英语词汇常见词素(词根)分类:默认栏目2008.2.17 13:54 作者:江上过客| 评论:0 | 阅读:60一、表示数量的词素1. haplo,mono,uni :单,一,独haploid 单倍体monoxide一氧化碳monoatomic 单原子的2. bi,di,dipl,twi,du :二,双,两,偶biocolor 双色,dichromatic 双色的,diplobacillus 双杆菌dikaryon 双核体twin :孪生dual:双重的3. tri :三,丙triangle三角triacylglycerol三酰甘油tricarboxylic acid cycle 三羧酸循环4. quadri,quadru,quart,tetr,tetra:四quadrilateral四边的quadrivalent四价的quadruped四足动物tetrode四极管tetracycline四环素5. pent,penta,quique五pentose戊糖pentagon五角形pentane戊烷quintuple 五倍的pentose戊糖pentomer五邻粒6. hex,hexa,sex 六hexose已糖hexapod六足动物hexapoda昆虫纲hexamer六聚体7. hepta,sept(i) 七heptane 庚烷heptose 庚糖heptoglobin七珠蛋白8. oct八octpus 章鱼octagon八角形octane 辛烷octase 辛糖9. enne,nona九nonapeptide 九肽enneahedron 九面体10. deca,deka 十:decapod 十足目动物decahedron 十面体decagram 十克11. hecto, 百hectometer百米hectoliter百升hectowatt 百瓦12. kilo,千kilodalton (KD) 千道尔顿kilobase 千碱基kiloelectron volt 千电子伏特13. deci,十分之一,分decimeter 分米decigram 十分之一克14. centi,百分之一15. milli,千分之一,毫millimole 毫摩(尔)milliliter 毫升16. micro,百万分之一,微,微小,微量microgram微克microogranism微生物microecology微生态学micropipet微量移液器17. nano十亿分之一,毫微,纳nanosecond十亿分之一秒nanometer纳米18. demi,hemi,semi半demibariel 半桶hemicerebrum 大脑半球semiopaque半透明semi-allel半等位基因semi-conductor半导体19. holo 全,整体,完全holoenzyme 全酶holoprotein全蛋白holocrine全(质分)泌20. mega巨大,兆,百万megaspore大孢子,megabasse兆碱基megakaryocyte 巨核细胞megavolt兆伏megalopolitan特大城市21. macro 大,巨大,多macrophage巨噬细胞macrogamete大配子macroelement 常量元素macromolecular大分子22. poly,multi,mult 多,复合polyacrylate聚丙烯酸酯polymerase 聚合酶multichain多链的multinucleate 多核的multicistronic mRNA多顺反子mRNA multicopy多拷贝二、表示颜色的词素1 chrom颜色chromophore生色团chromosome染色体chromatography色谱法2 melan,melano,nigr 黑melanoma黑素瘤melanin黑色素melanophore黑色素细胞3 xantho,flavo,fla,flavi,lute黄xanthophyl叶黄素xanthous黄色的,黄色人种xathine黄嘌呤flavin(e)黄素flavone黄酮letein黄体素,叶黄素flavin adeninedinucleotide(FAD)黄素腺嘌呤二核苷酸4 erythro, rub, rubrm, ruf,红erythrocyte红细胞erythromycin红霉素erythropoitin(EPO)促红细胞生成素5 chloro,chlor绿,氯chlorophyll叶绿素chloride氯化物chloramphenicol氯霉素6 cyan,cyano 蓝,青紫色,氰cyanophyceae 蓝藻纲cyanobacteria蓝细菌cyanide氰化物7 aur,glid,chrys金色aureomycin金霉素chrysose 金藻淀粉chrysanthemum菊花glidstone 金沙石glid 镀金8 leu,leuco,leuk,leuko,blan,alb无色,白色leucine亮氨酸leukaemia=leucosis白血病bleaching powder漂白粉albomycin白霉素三、表示摄食的词素1 –vore 食……动物,-vorous食……动物的algivore食藻动物carnivore 食肉动物herbivore 食草动物omnivore 杂食动物2-phage吃(食)食……生物(体)-phagous吃(食)……的phage噬菌体phagocyte 吞噬细胞zoophage食肉动物saprophage腐食者四表示方位和程度的词素1 endo,ento,内,在内endocrine内分泌endocytosis胞吞作用endogamy近亲繁殖endolysin内溶素entoderm内胚层2 ec, ect, exc, extra 外,外面,表面ectoblast外胚层ectoparasite 外寄生生物extract 抽取,浸出3 meso 中,中间mesosphere 中圈,中层mesoplast 中胚层质4 intra,intro,inter 在内,向内intra-allelic interaction 等位基因内相互作用intracellular(细)胞内的interurban 城市之间5 centri,centro,medi,mid 中心,中央,中间centrifuge离心centriole 中心粒centrosome 中心体centrogeng着丝基因6 epi,peri 上,外,旁epidermal growth factor(EGF): 表皮生长因子epibranchial上鳃的perilune近月点7 sub,suc,suf,sug 下,低,小suborder 亚目submucosa粘膜下层subclone亚克隆subcellular亚细胞subsection小节,分部8 super,supra 上,高,超superconductor超导体superfluid 超流体superoxide 超氧化物supramolecular超分子的9 hyper 超过,过多hypersensitive 过敏的hyperelastic 超弹性的hypertension 高血压hyperploid 超倍体10 hypo下,低,次hypoglycaemia 低血糖hypotension低血压hypophysis脑下垂体11 iso 等,相同,同iso-osmotic等渗的isopod等足目动物isotope同位素12 oligo,olig少,低,寡,狭oligohaline 狭盐性oligogene寡基因oligomer寡聚体oligophagous寡食性oligarchy寡头政治13 eury 多,宽,广eurythermal 广温的euryhaline广盐性eurytopic species广幅种14 ultr 超ultra-acoustics 超声学ultra-structure超微结构ultroviolet紫外线15 infra 下,低,远infralittoral 潮下带,远岸的infrahuman类人生物infrared红外线的infrastructure 基础结构,基本结构五表示动物不同器官和组织的词素1 cephal,capit,cran 头,头颅2 cyte 细胞3 carn,my,mya,myo,肉,肌肉4 haem,haemat,hem,aem,sangul 血5 soma,corp 体,身体6 some,plast 体,颗粒7 hepa,hepat 肝heparin 肝素hepatopancreas肝胰腺hepatocyte 肝细胞hepatoma肝癌8 ren,nephr 肾adrnal肾上腺的nephridia肾管nephron肾单位9 card,cord 心cardiotoxin 心脏毒素cardiovascular center 心血管中枢electrocardiogram心电图concord一致,和谐10 ophthalm,ocell,ocul 眼ophthalmology眼科学ophthalmia眼炎ophthalmologist 眼科专家11 branchi 鳃filibranch丝鳃lamellibrnch瓣鳃sencondary branchium次生鳃12 brac ,brachi 腕,手臂brachiolaria 短腕幼虫brachionectin臂粘连蛋白bracelet 手镯13 dent,odont 牙齿dentin牙质odontphora 齿舌odontoblast成牙质细胞14 plum羽plumatus 羽状的plumule绒毛plumage (鸟的)羽毛15 foli,foil 叶follicle滤泡foiling叶形foliage 叶子foliose 多叶的常用的前缀第一节表示无,抗,非的前缀一.a-,an-无,非。

生物学专业英语词汇汇总

生物学专业英语词汇汇总

Botany 植物学Cell theory细胞学说cell membrane细胞膜nucleus细胞核Organelle细胞器cell wall细胞壁cytoplasm细胞质protoplast原生质体cell cycle细胞周期mitochondrion线粒体photosynthesis 光合作用unit membrane单位膜chloroplast叶绿体chlorophyll叶绿素xanthophyll 叶黄素carotene胡萝卜素golgiosome高尔基体ribosome核糖体lysosome溶酶体microfilament 微丝nuclear fission核分裂reproduction生殖primary wall初生壁secondary wall次生壁plasmodesma胞间连丝mitosis 有丝分裂amitosis无丝分裂meiosis减数分裂cytokinesis胞质分裂interphase间期prophase先期metaphase中期anaphase后期telophase末期tissue 组织pistil雌蕊stamen 雄蕊ovary 子房pollination传粉pollen tube花粉管porogamy珠孔受精chalazogamy合点受精mesogamy中部受精apomixis无交融生殖apogamy无配子生殖patrogenesis孤雄生殖parthenogensis 孤雌生殖apospory无孢子生殖pericarp果皮life history生活史root system根系main root主根lateral root侧根taproot system直根系fibrous root system须根系cortex 皮层vascular cylinder维管柱pericycle 中柱鞘xylem ray木射线vascular ray维管射线phloem ray韧皮射线root cap根冠Casparian strip凯氏带primary xylem初生木质部primary phloem 初生韧皮部vascular ray维管射线xylem ray木射线phelloderm栓内层phloem ray韧皮射线embryo胚homologous organ同源器官analogous organ 同功器官endosperm胚乳seed coat种皮radicle 胚根plumule 胚芽hypocotyl下胚轴cotyledon子叶dormancy 休眠seed germination种子萌生eukaryote真核生物prokaryote原核生物algae 藻类blue-green algae 蓝藻trichogyne受精丝mucopolysaccharide 黏多糖gelatinous sheath 胶质鞘exospore外生孢子heterosexual cell异性细胞green algae绿藻isogamy同配生殖anisogamy 异配生殖anisogamy卵式生殖zygogamy接合生殖haploid 单倍体diploid 二倍体polyploid多倍体carposporophyte孢子体brown algae褐藻sea-tangle海带agar 琼脂fungi 菌类parasitism寄生saprophytic腐生的lichen 地衣archegonium颈卵器antheridium精子器antiphyte孢子体gametophyte配子体protonema原丝体bryophyta苔藓植物cruciferae十字花科vascular plants 微管植物aquatic plant 水生植物salicaceae杨柳科angiosperm被子植物endoplasmic reticulum内质网vegetative reproduction营养生殖intercellular layer 胞间层phellogen& cork cambium木栓形成层asexual reproduction无性生殖sexual propagation有性生殖tetradynamous stamen四强雄蕊didynamous stamen二强雄蕊monodelphous stamen单体雄蕊diadelphous stamen二体雄蕊triadelphous stamen三体雄蕊polyadelphous stamens多体雄蕊synantherous stamen聚药雄蕊primary wall cells初生壁细胞vegetative cell营养细胞male sterility雄性不育filiform apparatus 丝状器meristem zone分生区elongation zone伸长区maturation zone成熟区embryophyte 有胚植物specific parasitism专性寄生specific saprophyte 专性腐生facultative parasitism兼性寄生facultative saprophyte兼性腐生sexual generation有性世代asexual generation 无性世代Zoology 动物学cell细胞prokaryotic cell原核细胞eukaryotic cell真核细胞protein蛋白质nucleic acid核酸carbohydrate糖lipid 脂质protoplasm原生质inclusion内含物cell cycle细胞周期pulmonary alveolus肺泡flagellum鞭毛food vacuole食品泡pinocytosis胞饮作用fission裂体生殖microgamete小配子zygote 合子microtubule微管contraction silk缩短丝merogenesis卵裂blastocoele囊胚腔complete cleavage 完整卵裂layering分层cynapse突触myoneme肌丝myocyte肌细胞mesoglea 中胶层monoecism雌雄同体dioecism雌雄异体velum 缘膜radial symmetry辐射对称nerve net神经网planula浮浪幼虫bilateral symmetry 双侧对称mesoderm中胚层tubule cell管细胞osmoregulation浸透调理acetabulum腹吸盘oral sucker口吸盘metacercaria囊蚴pseudocoel假体腔cuticle 角质膜cloacal pore泄殖孔renette腺肾细emunctory排泄管resting egg休眠卵metamere体节metamerism分节现象sense organ感觉器periostracum壳皮层prismatic layer壳层nacreous layer珍珠层veliger面盘幼虫glochidium钩介幼虫adductor闭壳肌segmentation异律分节linear animal线形动物pericardial cavity围心腔cervical vertebra颈椎sacral vertebra荐椎pulmonary vein肺静脉precaval vein前腔静脉bladder气囊middle ear 中耳tympanum cavity中耳腔amnion羊膜neopallium新皮层lagena瓶状囊wishbone 叉骨postcaval vein 后腔静脉glandular stomach腺胃air sac气囊salt gland盐腺sclerotic ring巩膜骨viviparity 胎生placenta胎盘allantois尿囊rumen 瘤胃bursa of fabricius腔上囊masticatory stomach 肌胃reticulum网胃omasum瓣胃abomasum皱胃cochlea耳蜗earthworm 蚯蚓internal naris内鼻孔amniota羊膜动物arthropod节肢动物coelenterate腔肠动物annelid 环节动物cell membrane&plasma membrane细胞膜epithelial tissue上皮组织connective tissue结缔组织cartilage tissue软骨组织osseous tissue骨组织muscular tissue肌肉组织cardiac muscle心肌intercalated disc闰盘Nissl's body 尼氏小体colony &group集体meroblastic cleavage不完整卵裂colonial theory集体说gastrovascular cavity消化循环腔muscle system肌肉系统excretory system排泄系统reproductive system 生殖系统digestive system消化系统archinephric duct原肾管basal lamina & basal membrane基膜cross-fertilization异体受精self-fertilization自体受精final host 终寄主first intermidate host第一中间寄主semicircular canal半规管second intermediate host 第二中间寄主Genetics遗传学heredity遗传variation 变异gene 基因pisum sativum豌豆segregation 分别gamete生殖细胞zygote合子allele等位基因genotype基因型phenotype 表现型test cross测交oryza sativa水稻diploid二倍体haploid单倍体centromere着丝粒satellite随体linker 连丝mitosis 有丝分裂mesoblast 中胚层spindle纺锤体interphase 间期spindle fiber纺锤丝vicia faba蚕豆nucleoplasm核质spermatogenous精原细胞oogonium卵原细胞spermatid精美胞Phenocopy拟表型epistasis上位效应mutant突变型gametic lethal配子致死zygotic lethal合子致死autosome 常染色体dominant lethal显性致死carrier携带者homozygote纯合体heterozygote杂合体genotype基因型phenotype表现型linkage group连锁群interference 干预genetic map遗传学图wild type野生型heterokaryon异核体auxotroph营养缺点型recipient受体donor 供体induction引诱prophage原噬菌体coincidence并发率mutation突变strain菌株fragment片段transduction转导Mendel ’ s laws 孟德尔定律law of segregation分别定律first filial generation子一代parental generation亲代dominant character显性性状recessive character隐性性状hereditary determinant遗传因子parental combination亲组合recombination重组合punnett square 棋盘法Mendelian character孟德尔性状primary constriction初级缢痕secondary constriction次级缢痕nucleolar organizer核仁形成区first polar body第一极体second polar body第二极体sister chromatids姐妹染色单体female gametic nucleus卵核multiple alleles复等位基因sex-chromosome性染色体sex-linked inheritance伴性遗传primary constriction初级缢痕secondary constriction次级缢痕complementary gene互补基因homologous chromosome同源染色体sister chromatids姐妹染色单体secondary oocyte次级卵母细胞three-point testcross三点测交primary spermatocyte初级精母细胞secondary spermatocyte次级精母细胞first division segregation第一次分裂分别second division segregation第二次分裂分别law of independent assortment自由组合定律Biochemistry生物化学essential element必要元素trace elements微量元素proteoglycan蛋白聚糖amino acid氨基酸primary structure一级构造random coil无规卷曲structural domain构造域subunit 亚基degeneration变性adenine腺嘌呤guanine鸟嘌呤cytosine胞嘧啶thymine胸腺嘧啶uracil 尿嘧啶nucleoside核苷nucleotide核苷酸base pairing碱基配对base pair碱基对数base 碱基数gyrase 旋转酶nucleosome核小体complementary DNA互补 DNA plasmid质粒transposons转座子repetitive sequence重复序列exon 外显子intron 内含子variable loop 可变环ribonuclease核糖核酸酶renaturation复性hyperchromic effect添色效应base stacking force碱基聚积力annealing退火melting-out temperature 溶化温度hypochromic effect 减色效应maltose 麦芽糖sucrose蔗糖lactose 乳糖starch淀粉glycogen糖原cellulose 纤维素cellulase纤维素酶selectivity选择性substrate 底物holoenzyme全酶cofactor辅因子coenzyme 辅酶oxidase 氧化酶metabolism新陈代谢assimilation同化作用catabolism异化作用metabolite代谢产物biological oxidation生物氧化cytochrome细胞色素rotenone鱼藤酮amytal 阿密妥antimycin A抗霉素 A cyanide氰化物glycolysis 糖酵解ethanol乙醇citrate 柠檬酸cis-aconitate顺乌头酸succinic acid琥珀酸oxaloacetic acid草酰乙酸acetyl-coenzyme乙酰辅酶fumarate延胡索酸glyoxylate cycle乙醛酸循环malate 苹果酸fatty acid脂肪酸carbon unit一碳单位replicon 复制子core enzyme核心酶primosome引起体Okazaki fragment冈崎片段leading chain前导链lagging strand后随链terminator 停止子telomere 端粒telomerase端粒酶replication fork 复制叉vector 载体promoter启动子terminator 停止子operon操控子codon 密码子degeneracy简并性hormone 激素citric acid cycle柠檬酸循环deamination 脱氨基作用urea cycle尿素循环euchromatin 常染色质messenger RNA信使RNAtransfer RNA转移 RNA ribosome RNA核糖体 RNA metabolic regulation代谢调理feedback regulation反应调理structural gene构造基因promoter gene启动基因operator gene操控基因regulator gene调理基因termination factor 停止因子triplet code 三联体密码initiator codon开端密码termination codon停止密码semiconservative replication半保存复制ornithine cycle 鸟氨酸循环ketogenic amino acid生酮氨基酸glucogenic amino acid生糖氨基酸oxidative deamination氧化脱氨作用transamination转氨基作用reverse transcription逆转录decarboxylation脱羧作用semidiscontinuous replication半不连续复制reverse transcriptase逆转录酶missense mutation错义突变synonymous mutation同义突变neutral mutation中性突变nonsense mutation无义突变phosphatidic acid磷脂酸essential amino acids必要氨基酸dihydrouracil loop二氢尿嘧啶环anticodon loop 反密码子环double-strand circular DNA双链环形 DNA superhelical DNA超螺旋 DNA open circular DNA开环 DNA linear DNA线形 DNAbase stacking force碱基聚积力secondary structure二级构造super-secondary structure超二级构造tertiary structure三级构造quaternary structure四级构造negative supercoil DNA负超螺旋 DNA positive supercoil DNA正超螺旋 DNAGlyceraldehyde-3-phosphate甘油醛-3-二磷酸glucogenic and ketogenic amino acid生糖兼生酮氨基酸restriction endonuclease限制性内切酶polymerase chain reaction聚合酶链反响Microbiology 微生物学living creatures生物culture medium 培育基lawn 菌苔culture plate培育平板bacteria细菌archaea古生菌eukaryote真核生物prokaryote原核生物protozoan原生动物hypha 菌丝mycoplasma支原体yeast 酵母菌plasmolysis质壁分别Escherichia Coli 大肠杆菌murein 胞壁质peptidoglycan肽聚糖mucopeptide 黏肽outer membrane 外膜chromosome染色体nucleolus核仁nucleoid拟核chromatin染色质centromere着丝粒telomere端粒protoplast原生质体mycoplasma支原体glycoprotein糖蛋白mesosome间体cytoplasm细胞质megnetosome磁小体nucleoid拟核glycocalyx糖被capsule荚膜flagellum鞭毛lysosome溶酶体chloroplast 叶绿体thylakoid类囊体inorganic salt 无机盐peptone蛋白胨sulfur bacteria硫细菌beef extract牛肉膏vitamin维生素inclusion body内含物lithotroph无机营养型medium培育基agar 琼脂organotroph有机营养型antiport 逆向运输active transport主动运输pinocytosis胞饮作用catabolism 分解代谢passive transport被动运输uniport 单向运输anabolism合成代谢fermentation发酵batch culture 分批培育log phase对数生长久stationary phase 稳固生长久lag phase迟延期decline phase衰灭期aerobe好氧菌antibiotic抗生素antigenome反基因组transformation转变genome基因组plasmid 质粒transforming factor transposable element phenotype表型转变因子转座因子diploid二倍体conjugation接合作用genotype 基因型haploid单倍体transposon转座子auxotroph 营养缺点型wild-type野生型transition变换transversion颠换spontaneous mutation自觉突变reverse mutation答复突变sexduction性导transduction转导promoter启动子operon操控子recombination repair重组修复repressor 隔绝蛋白corepressor辅隔绝物clone 克隆denaturation变性annealing退火extension延长cloning vector克隆载体replicon复制子telomere端粒cohesive end黏性尾端promoter启动子terminator停止子gene therapy基因治疗phylogeny系统发育ammonification氨化作用nitrification 硝化作用denitrification反硝化作用expression vector表达载体aerobic respiration有氧呼吸anaerobic respiration无氧呼吸origin of replication复制开端点incompatibility不亲和性gene mutation基因突变synonymous mutation同义突变chromosomal aberration染色体畸变missense mutation错义突变frame-shift mutation移码突变lactose operon乳糖操控子negative transcription control负转录调控tryptophan operon色氨酸操控子cytoplasmic inheritance细胞质遗传genetic engineering基因工程recombinant DNA technology重组 DNA 技术palindromic structure回文构造spread plate method涂布平板法pour plate method倾注培育法streak plate method平板划线法shake tube method稀释摇管法continuous culture连续培育。

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Passive transport Diffusion across a plasma membrane in which the cell expends no energy.
Penicillin the first of the so-called wonder drugs; discovered by Sir Alexander Fleming.
Parallel evolution the development of similar characteristics in organisms that are not closely related due to Adaptation to similar environments and/or strategies of life.
Peptide bond a Covalent bond that links two amino acids together to form a polypeptide chain. A covalent bond between the amine end of one amino acid and the acid end of another amino acid.
Peptides short chains of amino acids.
Perennials plants that persist in the environment for more than one year (as in the case of annuals).
Pesticides chemicals that are applied to agricultural crops or domesticated plants and which kill or inhibit growth of insects.
Paleontology the study of ancient life by collection and analysis of Fossils. paleo-, pale-, or palaeo-, palae=ancient 古生物学
Pancreas 胰 a gland in the abdominal cavity that secretes digestive Enzymes
pH
the negative logarithm of the H+ ion concentration. The pH is a measure of the acidity or basic character of a solution. p(otential of) H(ydrogen)
Phagocytes white blood cells that can engulf (by phagocytosis) and destroy microorganisms including viruses and bacteria; cells in this category include neutrophils and Monocytes.
Phosphorylation the chemical attachment of phosphorous to a molecule, usually associated with the storage of energy in the Covalent bond that is also formed. Example: attachment of the third phosphate group to ADP in the formation of the higher energy form, ATP.
Photoperiodism the ability of ain plants to sense the relative amounts of light and dark in a 24-hour period; controls the onset of flowering in many plants.
Phospholipids asymmetrical lipid molecules with a Hydrophilic head and a Hydrophobic tail. Phospholipids are the building blocks of cellular membranes.
Phagocytosis a form of Endocytosis in which white blood cells surround and engulf invading bacteria or viruses.
Phenotype the observed properties or outward appearance of a trait. The physical expression of the alleles posessed by an organism.
Parasites organisms that live in, with, or on another organism. The parasites benefit from the association without contributing to the host, usually they cause some harm to the host.
into the small intestine and also
secretes the Hormones Insulin and Glucagon 胰高血糖素into the blood, where they regulate blood glucose levels. creas=flesh 肉
Photosynthesis the process by which plant cells use solar energy to produce ATP. The conversion of unusable sunlight energy into usable chemical energy, associated with the actions of Chlorophyll.
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