2016年6月大学英语四级真题第三套
2016年6月大学英语四级真题（第3套）============================================================================== ============================================================================== PartIII Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections:In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.Physical activity does the body good, and there‟s growing evidence that it helps the brain too. Researchers in the Netherlands report that children who get more exercise, whether at school or on their own, 26to have higher GPAs and better scores on standardized tests. In a 27of 14 studies that looked at physical activity and academic28, investigators found that the more children moved, the better their grades were in school, 29in the basic subjects of math, English and reading.The data will certainly fuel the ongoing debate over whether physical education classes should be cut as schools struggle to 30on smaller budgets. The arguments against physical education have included concerns that gym time may be taking away from study time. With standardized test scores in the U.S. 31in recent years, some administrators believe students need to spend more time in the classroom instead of on the playground. But as these findings show, exercise and academics may not be 32exclusive. Physical activity can improve blood 33to the brain, fueling memory, attention and creativity, which are 34to learning. And exercise releases hormones that can improve 35and relieve stress, which can also help learning. So while it may seem as if kids are just exercising their bodies when they‟re ru nning around, they may actually be exercising their brains as well.Section BDirections: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph ismarked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.Finding the Right Home—and Contentment, Too[A] When your elderly relative needs to enter some sort of long-term care facility—a moment fewparents or children approach without fear—what you would like is to have everything madeclear.[B] Does assisted living really mark a great improvement over a nursing home, or has the industrysimply hired better interior designers? Are nursing homes as bad as people fear, or is that an out-moded stereotype（固定看法)? Can doing one‟s homework really steer families to the best places? It is genuinely hard to know.[C] I am about to make things more complicated by suggesting that what kind of facility an olderperson lives in may matter less than we have assumed. And that the characteristics adult children look for when they begin the search are not necessarily the things that make a difference to the people who are going to move in. I am not talking about the quality of care, let me hastily add. Nobody flourishes in a gloomy environment with irresponsible staff and a poor safety record. But an accumulating body of research indicates that some distinctions between one type of elder care and another have little real bearing on how well residents do.[D] The most recent of these studies, published in The journal of Applied Gerontology, surveyed150 Connecticut residents of assisted living, nursing homes and smaller residential care homes（known in some states as board and care homes or adult care homes). Researchers from the University of Connecticut Health Center asked the residents a large number of questions about their quality of life, emotional well-being and social interaction, as well as about the quality of the facilities.[E] “We thought we would see differences based on the housing types,” said the lead author of thestudy, Julie Robison, an associate professor of medicine at the university. A reasonable assumption—don‟t families struggle to avoid nursing homes and suffer real guilt if they can‟t?[F] In the initial results, assisted living residents did paint the most positive picture. They wereless likely to report symptoms of depression than those in the other facilities, for instance, and less likely to be bored or lonely. They scored higher on social interaction.[G] But when the researchers plugged in a number of other variables, such differences disappeared.It is not the housing type, they foun d, that creates differences in residents‟ responses. “It is the characteristics of the specific environment they are in, combined with their own personal characteristics—how healthy they feel they are, their age and marital status,” Dr. Robison explained. Whether residents felt involved in the decision to move and how long they had lived there also proved significant.[H] An elderly person who describes herself as in poor health, therefore, might be no lessdepressed in assisted living（even if her children preferred it) than in a nursing home. A person who had input into where he would move and has had time to adapt to it might do as well in a nursing home as in a small residential care home, other factors being equal. It is an interaction between the person and the place, not the sort of place in itself, that leads to better or worse experiences. “You can‟t just say, …Let‟s put this person in a residential care home instead of a nursing home—she will be much better off,‟” Dr. Robison said. What mat ters, she added, “is a combination of what people bring in with them, and what they find there.”[I] Such findings, which run counter to common sense, have surfaced before. In a multi-state studyof assisted living, for instance, University of North Carolina researchers found that a host of variables—the facility‟s type, size or age；whether a chain owned it；how attractive the neighborhood was—had no significant relationship to how the residents fared in terms of illness, mental decline, hospitalization s or mortality. What mattered most was the residents‟physical health and mental status. What people were like when they came in had greater consequence than what happened once they were there.[J] As I was considering all this, a press release from a respected research firm crossed my desk, announcing that the five-star rating system that Medicare developed in 2008 to help families compare nursing home quality also has little relationship to how satisfied its residents or their family members are. As a matter of fact, consumers expressed higher satisfaction with the one-star facilities, the lowest rated, than with the five-star ones.（More on this study and the star ratings will appear in a subsequent post.)[K] Before we collectively tear our hair out—how are we supposed to find our way in a landscape this confusing?—here is a thought from Dr. Philip Sloane, a geriatrician（老年病学专家)at the University of North Carolina:“In a way, that could be liberating for families.”[L] Of course, sons and daughters want to visit the facilities, talk to the administrators and residents and other families, and do everything possible to fulfill their duties. But perhaps they don‟t have to turn themselves into private investigators or Congressional subcommittees.“Families can look a bit more for where the residents are going to be happy,” Dr. Sloane said.And involving the future resident in the process can be very important.[M] We all have our own ideas about what would bring our parents happiness. They have their ideas, too. A friend recently took her mother to visit an expensive assisted living/nursing home near my town. I have seen this place—it is elegant, inside and out. But nobody greeted the daughter and mother when they arrived, though the visit had been planned；nobody introduced them to the other residents. When they had lunch in the dining room, they sat alone at a table.[N] The daughter feared her mother would be ignored there, and so she decided to move her into a more welcoming facility. Based on what is emerging from some of this research, that might have been as rational a way as any to reach a decision.36.Many people feel guilty when they cannot find a place other than a nursing home for theirparents.37.Though it helps for children to investigate care facilities, involving their parents in thedecision-making process may prove very important.38.It is really difficult to tell if assisted living is better than a nursing home.39.How a resident feels depends on an interaction between themselves and the care facility theylive in.40.The author thinks her friend made a rational decision in choosing a more hospitable place overan apparently elegant assisted living home.41.The system Medicare developed to rate nursing home quality is of little help to finding asatisfactory place.42.At first the researchers of the most recent study found residents in assisted living facilities gavehigher scores on social interaction.43.What kind of care facility old people live in may be less important than we think.44.The findings of the latest research were similar to an earlier multi-state study of assisted living.45.A resident‟s satisfaction with a care facility has much to do with whether they had participatedin the decision to move in and how long they had stayed there.Section CDirections:There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D).You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.As Artificial Intelligence(AI) becomes increasingly sophisticated, there are growing concerns that robots could become a threat. This danger can be avoided, according to computer science professor Stuart Russell, if we figure out how to turn human values into a programmable code.Russell argues that as robots take on more complicated tasks, it‟s necessary to translate our morals into AI language.For example, if a robot does chores around the house, you wouldn‟t want it to put the pet cat in the oven to make dinner for the hungry children. “You would want that robot preloaded with a good set of values,” said Russell.Some robots are already programmed with basic human values. For example, mobile robots have been programmed to keep a comfortable distance from humans. Obviously there are cultural differences, but if you were talking to another person and they came up close in your personal space, you wouldn‟t think that‟s the kind of thing a properly brought-up person would do.It will be possible to create more sophisticated moral machines, if only we can find a way to set out human values as clear rules.Robots could also learn values fromdrawing patterns from large sets ofdata on human behavior. They are dangerous only if programmers are careless.The biggest concern with robots going against human values is that human beings fail to do sufficient testing and they‟ve produced a system that will break some kind of taboo（禁忌).One simple check would be to program a robot to check the correct course of action with a human when presented with an unusual situation.If the robot is unsure whether an animal is suitable for the microwave, it has the opportunity to stop, send out beeps（嘟嘟声), and ask for directions from a human. If we humans aren‟t quite sure about a decision, we go and ask somebody else.The most difficult step in programming values will be deciding exactly what we believe in moral, and how to create a set of ethical rules. But if we come up with an answer, robots could be good for humanity.46.What does the author say about the threat of robots?A)It may constitute a challenge to computer programmers.B)It accompanies all machinery involving high technology.C)It can be avoided if human values are translated into their language.D)It has become an inevitable peril as technology gets more sophisticated.47.What would we think of a person who invades our personal space according to the author?A)They are aggressive.B)They are outgoing.C)They are ignorant.D)They are ill-bred.48.How do robots learn human values?A)By interacting with humans in everyday life situations.B)By following the daily routines of civilized human beings.C)By picking up patterns from massive data on human behavior.D)By imitating the behavior of property brought-up human beings.49.What will a well-programmed robot do when facing an unusual situation?A)Keep a distance from possible dangers.B)Stop to seek advice from a human being.C)Trigger its built-in alarm system at once.D)Do sufficient testing before taking action.50.What is most difficult to do when we turn human values into a programmable code?A)Determine what is moral and ethical.B)Design some large-scale experiments.C)Set rules for man-machine interaction.D)Develop a more sophisticated program.Passage TwoQuestions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.Why do some people live to be older than others? You know the standard explanations: keeping a moderate diet, engaging in regular exercise, etc. But what effect does your personality have on your longevity（长寿）?Do some kinds of personalities lead to longer lives? A new study in the Journal of the American Geriatrics Society looked at this question by examining the personality characteristics of 246 children of people who had lived to be at least 100.The study shows that those living the longest are more outgoing, more active and less neurotic （神经质的) than other people. Long-living women are also more likely to be sympathetic and cooperative than women with a normal life span. These findings are in agreement with what you would expect from the evolutionary theory: those who like to make friends and help others can gather enough resources to make it through tough times.Interestingly, however, other characteristics that you might consider advantageous had no impact on whether study participants were likely to live longer. Those who were more self-disciplined, for instance, were no more likely to live to be very old. Also, being open to new ideas had no relationship to long life, which might explain all those bad-tempered old people who are fixed in their ways.Whether you can successfully change your personality as an adult is the subject of a longstanding psychological debate. But the new paper suggests that if you want long life, you should strive to be as outgoing as possible.Unfortunately, another rec ent study shows that your mother‟s personality may also help determine your longevity. That study looked at nearly 28,000 Norwegian mothers and found that those moms who were more anxious, depressed and angry were more likely to feed their kids unhealthy d iets. Patterns of childhood eating can be hard to break when we‟re adults, which may mean that kids of depressed moms end up dying younger.Personality isn‟t destiny（命运), and everyone knows that individuals can learn to change. But both studies show that long life isn‟t just a matter of your physical health but of your mental health.51. The aim of the study in the Journal of the American Geriatrics Society is____.A)to see whether people‟s personality affects their life spanB)to find out if one‟s life style has any effect on their healthC)to investigate the role of exercise in living a long lifeD)to examine all the factors contributing to longevity52. What does the author imply about outgoing and sympathetic people?A)They have a good understanding of evolution.B)They are better at negotiating an agreement.C)They generally appear more resourceful.D)They are more likely to get over hardship.53. What finding of the study might prove somewhat out of our expectation?A)Easy-going people can also live a relatively long life.B)Personality characteristics that prove advantageous actually vary with times.C)Such personality characteristics as self-discipline have no effect on longevity.D)Readiness to accept new ideas helps one enjoy longevity.54. What does the recent study of Norwegian mothers show?A)Children‟s personality characteristics are invariably determined by theirmothers.B)People with unhealthy eating habits are likely to die sooner.C)Mothers‟ influence on children may last longer than fathers‟.D)Mothers‟ negative personality characteristics may affect their children‟s life spans.55.What can we learn from the findings of the two new studies?A)Anxiety and depression more often than not cut short one‟s life span.B)Longevity results from a combination of mental and physical health.C)Personality plays a decisive role in how healthy one is.D)Health is in large part related to one‟s lifestyle.Part IV TranslationDirections:For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.乌镇是浙江的一座古老水镇，坐落在京杭大运河畔。
2016年6月大学英语四级第三套真题及答案
2016年6月大学英语四级真题（第3套）Part III Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections:In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.Physical activity does the body good, and there’s growing evidence that it helps the brain too. Researchers in the Netherlands report that children who get more exercise, whether at school or on their own, 26 to have higher GPAs and better scores on standardized tests. In a 27 of 14 studies that looked at physical activity and academic 28 , investigators found that the more children moved, the better their grades were in school, 29 in the basic subjects of math, English and reading.The data will certainly fuel the ongoing debate over whether physical education classes should be cut as schools struggle to 30 on smaller budgets. The arguments against physical education have included concerns that gym time may be taking away from study time. With standardized test scores in the U.S. 31 in recent years, some administrators believe studentsneed to spend more time in the classroom instead of on the playground. But as these findings show, exercise and academics may not be 32 exclusive. Physical activity can improve blood 33 to the brain, fueling memory, attention and creativity, which are 34 to learning. And exercise releases hormones that can improve 35 and relieve stress, which can also help learning. So while it may seem as if kids are just exercising their bodies when they’re running around, they may actually be exercising their brains as well.Section BDirections: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is markedwith a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.Finding the Right Home—and Contentment, Too[A] When your elderly relative needs to enter some sort of long-term care facility—a moment few parents or children approach without fear—what you would like is to have everything made clear.[B] Does assisted living really mark a great improvement over a nursing home, or has the industry simply hired better interior designers? Are nursing homes as bad as people fear, or is that an out-moded stereotype（固定看法)? Can doing one’s homework really steer families to the best places? It is genuinely hard to know.[C] I am about to make things more complicated by suggesting that what kind of facility an older person lives in may matter less than we have assumed. And that the characteristics adult children look for when they begin the search are not necessarily the things that make a difference to the people who are going to move in. I am not talking about the quality of care, let me hastily add. Nobody flourishes in a gloomy environment with irresponsible staff and a poor safety record. But an accumulating body of research indicates that some distinctions between one type of elder care and another have little real bearing on how well residents do.[D] The most recent of these studies, published in The journal of Applied Gerontology, surveyed 150 Connecticut residents of assisted living,nursing homes and smaller residential care homes（known in some states as board and care homes or adult care homes). Researchers from the University of Connecticut Health Center asked the residents a large number of questions about their quality of life, emotional well-being and social interaction, as well as about the quality of the facilities.[E] “We thought we would see differences based on the housing types,” said the lead author of the study, Julie Robison, an associate professor of medicine at the university. A reasonable assumption—don’t families struggle to avoid nursing homes and suffer real guilt if they can’t? [F] In the initial results, assisted living residents did paint the most positive picture. They were less likely to report symptoms of depression than those in the other facilities, for instance, and less likely to be bored or lonely. They scored higher on social interaction.[G] But when the researchers plugged in a number of other variables, such differences disappeared. It is not the housing type, they found, that creates differences in residents’ responses. “It is the characteristics of the specific environment they are in, combined with their own personal characteristics—how healthy they feel they are, their age and marital status,” Dr. Robison explained. Whether residents felt involved in the decision to move and how long they had lived there also proved significant.[H] An elderly person who describes herself as in poor health, therefore,might be no less depressed in assisted living（even if her children preferred it) than in a nursing home. A person who had input into where he would move and has had time to adapt to it might do as well in a nursing home as in a small residential care home, other factors being equal. It is an interaction between the person and the place, not the sort of place in itself, that leads to better or worse experiences. “You can’t just sa y, ‘Let’s put this person in a residential care home instead of a nursing home—she will be much better off,’” Dr. Robison said. What matters, she added, “is a combination of what people bring in with them, and what they find there.”[I] Such findings, which run counter to common sense, have surfaced before. In a multi-state study of assisted living, for instance, University of North Carolina researchers found that a host of variables—the facility’s type, size or age；whether a chain owned it；how attractive the neighborhood was—had no significant relationship to how the residents fared in terms of illness, mental decline, hospitalizations or mortality. What mattered most was the residents’ physical health and mental status. What people were like when they came in had greater consequence than what happened once they were there.[J] As I was considering all this, a press release from a respected research firm crossed my desk, announcing that the five-star rating system that Medicare developed in 2008 to help families compare nursing home quality also has little relationship to how satisfied its residents or theirfamily members are. As a matter of fact, consumers expressed higher satisfaction with the one-star facilities, the lowest rated, than with the five-star ones.（More on this study and the star ratings will appear in a subsequent post.)[K] Before we collectively tear our hair out—how are we supposed to find our way in a landscape this confusing?—here is a thought from Dr. Philip Sloane, a geriatrician（老年病学专家)at the University of North Carolina:“In a way, that could be liberating for families.”[L] Of course, sons and daughters want to visit the facilities, talk to the administrators and residents and other families, and do everything possible to fulfill their duties. But perhaps they don’t have to turn themselves into private investigators or Congressional subcommittees.“Families can look a bit more for where the residents are goin g to be happy,” Dr. Sloane said. And involving the future resident in the process can be very important.[M] We all have our own ideas about what would bring our parents happiness. They have their ideas, too. A friend recently took her mother to visit an expensive assisted living/nursing home near my town. I have seen this place—it is elegant, inside and out. But nobody greeted the daughter and mother when they arrived, though the visit had been planned；nobody introduced them to the other residents. When they had lunch in the dining room, they sat alone at a table.[N] The daughter feared her mother would be ignored there, and so she decided to move her into a more welcoming facility. Based on what is emerging from some of this research, that might have been as rational a way as any to reach a decision.36.Many people feel guilty when they cannot find a place other than a nursing home for their parents.37.Though it helps for children to investigate care facilities, involving their parents in the decision-making process may prove very important.38.It is really difficult to tell if assisted living is better than a nursing home.39.How a resident feels depends on an interaction between themselves and the care facility they live in.40.The author thinks her friend made a rational decision in choosing a more hospitable place over an apparently elegant assisted living home.41.The system Medicare developed to rate nursing home quality is of little help to finding a satisfactory place.42.At first the researchers of the most recent study found residents in assisted living facilities gave higher scores on social interaction.43.What kind of care facility old people live in may be less important than we think.44.The findings of the latest research were similar to an earlier multi-state study of assisted living.45.A resident’s satisfaction with a care facility has much to do with whether they had participated in the decision to move in and how long they had stayed there.Section CDirections: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.As Artificial Intelligence (AI) becomes increasingly sophisticated, there are growing concerns that robots could become a threat. This danger can be avoided, according to computer science professor Stuart Russell, if we figure out how to turn human values into a programmable code.Russell argues that as robots take on mor e complicated tasks, it’s necessary to translate our morals into AI language.For example, if a robot does chores around the house, you wouldn’t want it to put the pet cat in the oven to make dinner for the hungry children. “You would want that robot prelo aded with a good set of values,” said Russell. Some robots are already programmed with basic human values. For example, mobile robots have been programmed to keep a comfortable distance from humans. Obviously there are cultural differences, but if you were talking to another person and they came up close in your personal space, you wouldn’t think that’s the kind of thing a properly brought-up person would do.It will be possible to create more sophisticated moral machines, if only we can find a way to set out human values as clear rules.Robots could also learn values from drawing patterns from large sets of data on human behavior. They are dangerous only if programmers are careless. The biggest concern with robots going against human values is that human beings fail to d o sufficient testing and they’ve produced a system that will break some kind of taboo（禁忌).One simple check would be to program a robot to check the correct course of action with a human when presented with an unusual situation.If the robot is unsure whether an animal is suitable for the microwave, it has the opportunity to stop, send out beeps（嘟嘟声), and ask for directions from a human. If we humans aren’t quite sure about a decision, we go and ask somebody else.The most difficult step in programming values will be deciding exactly what we believe in moral, and how to create a set of ethical rules. But if we come up with an answer, robots could be good for humanity.46.What does the author say about the threat of robots?A)It may constitute a challenge to computer programmers.B)It accompanies all machinery involving high technology.C)It can be avoided if human values are translated into their language.D)It has become an inevitable peril as technology gets more sophisticated.47.What would we think of a person who invades our personal space according to the author?A)They are aggressive. B)They are outgoing.C)They are ignorant. D)They are ill-bred.48.How do robots learn human values?A)By interacting with humans in everyday life situations.B)By following the daily routines of civilized human beings.C)By picking up patterns from massive data on human behavior.D)By imitating the behavior of property brought-up human beings.49.What will a well-programmed robot do when facing an unusual situation?A)Keep a distance from possible dangers. B)Stop to seek advice from a human being.C)Trigger its built-in alarm system at once. D)Do sufficient testing before taking action.50.What is most difficult to do when we turn human values into a programmable code?A)Determine what is moral and ethical. B)Design some large-scale experiments.C)Set rules for man-machine interaction. D)Develop a more sophisticated program.Passage TwoQuestions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.Why do some people live to be older than others? You know the standard explanations: keeping a moderate diet, engaging in regular exercise, etc. But what effect does your personality have on your longevity（长寿）?Do some kinds of personalities lead to longer lives? A new study in the Journal of the American Geriatrics Society looked at this question by examining the personality characteristics of 246 children of people who had lived to be at least 100.The study shows that those living the longest are more outgoing, more active and less neurotic （神经质的) than other people. Long-living women are also more likely to be sympathetic and cooperative than women with a normal life span. These findings are in agreement with what you would expect from the evolutionary theory: those who like to make friends and help others can gather enough resources to make it through tough times.Interestingly, however, other characteristics that you might consider advantageous had no impact on whether study participants were likely to live longer. Those who were more self-disciplined, for instance, were no more likely to live to be very old. Also, being open to new ideas had no relationship to long life, which might explain all those bad-tempered old people who are fixed in their ways.Whether you can successfully change your personality as an adult is the subject of a longstanding psychological debate. But the new paper suggests that if you want long life, you should strive to be as outgoing as possible.Unfortunately, another recent study shows that your mother’s personality may also help determine your longevity. That study looked at nearly 28,000 Norwegian mothers and found that those moms who were more anxious, depressed and angry were more likely to feed their kids unhealthy diets. Patterns of childhood eating can be hard to break when we’re a dults, which may mean that kids of depressed moms end up dying younger.Personality isn’t destiny（命运), and everyone knows that individualscan learn to change. But both studies show that long life isn’t just a matter of your physical health but of your mental health.51. The aim of the study in the Journal of the American Geriatrics Society is____.A)to see whether people’s personality affects their life spanB)to find out if one’s lifestyle has any effect on their healthC)to investigate the role of exercise in living a long lifeD)to examine all the factors contributing to longevity52. What does the author imply about outgoing and sympathetic people?A)They have a good understanding of evolution.B)They are better at negotiating an agreement.C)They generally appear more resourceful.D)They are more likely to get over hardship.53. What finding of the study might prove somewhat out of our expectation?A)Easy-going people can also live a relatively long life.B)Personality characteristics that prove advantageous actually vary with times.C)Such personality characteristics as self-discipline have no effect onlongevity.D)Readiness to accept new ideas helps one enjoy longevity.54. What does the recent study of Norwegian mothers show?A)Children’s personality characteristics are invariably determined by their mothers.B)People with unhealthy eating habits are likely to die sooner.C)Mothers’ influence on children may last longer than fathers’.D)Mothers’negative personality characteristics may affect their children’s life spans.55.What can we learn from the findings of the two new studies?A)Anxiety and depression more often than not cut short one’s life span.B)Longevity results from a combination of mental and physical health.C)Personality plays a decisive role in how healthy one is.D)Health is in large part related to one’s lifestyle.Part IV TranslationDirections:For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.乌镇是浙江的一座古老水镇，坐落在京杭大运河畔。
2016年6月大学英语四级第三套真题及答案
2016年6月大学英语四级真题(第3套)PartIII Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: In this secti on, there is a passage with ten bla nks. You are required to select one word for each bla nk from a list of choices give n in a word bank follow ing the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresp onding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a si ngle line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.Physical activity does the body good, and there?s growing evidenee that it helps the brain too. Researchers in the Netherla nds report that childre n who get more exercise, whether at school or on their own, 26 to have higher GPAs and better scores on sta ndardized tests. In a 27 of 14 studies that looked at physical activity and academic 28 , investigators found that the morechildren moved, the better their grades were in school, 29 in the basic subjects of math, En glish and readi ng.The data will certa in ly fuel the ongoing debate over whether physical educati on classes should be cut as schools struggle to 30 on smaller budgets. The argume nts aga inst physical educati on have in cluded concerns that gym time may be tak ing away from study time. With sta ndardized test scores in the U.S. 31 in recent years, some admi nistrators believe stude nts n eed to spe nd more time in the classroom in stead of on the playgro und. But as these findings show, exercise and academics may not be 32 exclusive. Physical activity can improve blood 33 to the brain, fueling memory, attention and creativity, which are 34 to learning. And exercise releases horm ones that can improve 35 and relieve stress, which can also help lear ning. So while itmay seem as if kids are just exercising their bodies when they?re running around, they may actually be exercis ing their brains as well.A) atte ndan ceE)dropp in gI)mood M)reviewB) con seque ntly F)esse ntialJ)mutuallyN)surviveC) currentG)feasibleK)particularly O)tendD) depress in gH)flowL)performa neeSection BDirections: In this sect ion, you are going to read a passage with ten stateme nts attached to it. Each stateme nt contains in formatio n give n in one of the paragraphs. Ide ntify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph ismarked with a letter. An swer the questi ons by marki ng the corresp onding letter on Answer Sheet 2.Finding the Right Home —and Contentment, Too[A] When your elderly relative n eeds to en ter some sort of Ion g-term care facility ——a mome nt fewpare nts or childre n approach without fear —what you would like is to have everyth ing made clear.[B] Does assisted living really mark a great improvement over a nursing home, or has the industrysimply hired better in terior desig ners? Are nursing homes as bad as people fear, or is that an out-moded stereotype (固定看法)? Can doing one?shomework really steer families to the best places? It is genuin ely hard to know.[C] I am about to make things more complicated by suggesting that what kind of facility an older person lives in maymatter less than we have assumed. And that the characteristics adult children look for when they begin the search are not necessarily the things that make a difference to the people who are going to move in. I am not talking about the quality of care, let me hastily add. Nobody flourishes in a gloomy environment with irresponsible staff and a poor safety record. But an accumulating body of research indicates that some distinctions between one type of elder careand another have little real bearing on how well residents do.[D] The most recent of these studies, published in The journal of Applied Gerontology , surveyed 150 Connecticutresidents of assisted living, nursing homes and smaller residential care homes( known in some states as board and care homes or adult care homes). Researchers from the University of Connecticut Health Center asked the residentsa large number of questions about their quality of life, emotional well-being and social interaction, as well as about thequality of the facilities.[E] “We thought we would see differences based on the housing types, ” said the lead author of thstudy, Julie Robison, an associate professor of medicine at the university. A reasonable assumption—don?t families struggle to avoid nursing homes and suffe r real guilt if they can?t?[F] In the initial results, assisted living residents did paint the most positive picture. They were less likely to reportsymptoms of depression than those in the other facilities, for instance, and less likely to be bored or lonely. They scored higher on social interaction.[G] But when the researchers plugged in a number of other variables, such differences disappeared.It is not the housing type, they found, that creates differences in residents? responses. the characteristics of the specific environment they are in, combined with their own personal characteristics—how healthy they feel they are, their age and marital status, D”r. Robison explained. Whether residents felt involved in the decision to move and how long they hadlived there also proved significant.[H] An elderly person who describes herself as in poor health, therefore, might be no less depressed in assisted living(even if her children preferred it) than in a nursing home. A person who had input into where he would move and has had time to adapt to it might do as well in a nursing home as in a small residential care home, other factors being equal. It is an interaction between the person and the place, not the sort of place in itself, that leads to better or worse experiences. “You can?t just say, ,Let?s put this person in a residential care homeinstead of a nursing home —she will be much better off, ?” Dr. Robison said. What matters, she added, “is a combination of what people bring in with them, and what they find there.[I] Such findings, which run counter to common sense, have surfaced before. In a multi-state study of assisted living, forinstance, University of North Carolina researchers found that a host of variables—the facility?s type, size or age；whether a chain owned it ；how attractive the neighborhood was—had no significant relationship to how theresidents fared in terms of illness, mental decline, hospitalizations or mortality. What mattered most was theresidents? physical health and mental status. What people were like when they came in had greater consequence than what happened once they were there.[J] As I was considering all this, a press release from a respected research firm crossed my desk, announcing that the five-star rating system that Medicare developed in 2008 to help families compare nursing home quality also has little relationship to how satisfied its residents or theirfamily members are. As a matter of fact, consumers expressed higher satisfaction with the one-star facilities, the lowest rated, than with the five-star ones. ( More on this study and the star ratings will appear in a subsequent post.) [K] Before we collectively tear our hair out —how are we supposed to find our way in a landscape this confusing? —here is a thought from Dr. Philip Sloane, a geriatrician (老年病学专家)at the University of North Carolina: “ In a way, that could be liberating for families.[L] Of course, sons and daughters want to visit the facilities, talk to the administrators and residents and other families, and do everything possible to fulfill their duties. But perhaps they don?t have to turn themselves into privateinvestigators or Congressional subcommittees. “ Families can look a bit more for where the residents are going to be happy, ”Dr. Sloane said. And involving the future resident in the process can be very important.[M] We all have our own ideas about what would bring our parents happiness. They have their ideas, too. A friend recently took her mother to visit an expensive assisted living/nursing home near my town. I have seen this place —it is elegant, inside and out. But nobody greeted the daughter and mother when they arrived, though the visit had been planned ；nobody introduced them to the other residents. When they had lunch in the dining room, they sat alone ata table.[N] The daughter feared her mother would be ignored there, and so she decided to move her into a more welcoming facility. Based on what is emerging from some of this research, that might have been as rational a way as any to reach a decision.36. Many people feel guilty when they cannot find a place other than a nursing home for their parents.37.Though it helps for children to investigate care facilities, involving their parents in the decision-making process mayprove very important.38.It is really difficult to tell if assisted living is better than a nursing home.39. How a resident feels depends on an interaction between themselves and the care facility they live in.40. The author thinks her friend made a rational decision in choosing a more hospitable place over an apparently elegantassisted living home.41. The system Medicare developed to rate nursing home quality is of little help to finding a satisfactory place.42. At first the researchers of the most recent study found residents in assisted living facilities gave higher scores onsocial interaction.43. W hat kind of care facility old people live in may be less important than we think.44. T he findings of the latest research were similar to an earlier multi-state study of assisted living.45. A resident?s satisfaction with a care facility has much to do with whether they had participated in the decision tomove in and how long they had stayed there.Section CDirections: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D).You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.As Artificial Intelligence(AI) becomes increasingly sophisticated, there are growing concernsthat robots could become a threat. This danger can be avoided, according to computer scienceprofessor Stuart Russell, if we figure out how to turn human values into a programmable code.Russell argues that as robots take on more complicated tasks, it?s necessary to translateour morals into AI language.For example, if a robot does chores around the house, you wouldn?t want it to put the petcat in the oven to make dinner for the hungry children. “ You would wa ndtetdhawtitrhobaot prelogood set of values, ” said Russell.Some robots are already programmed with basic human values. For example, mobile robots have been programmed to keep a comfortable distance from humans. Obviously there are cultural differences, but if you were talking to another person and they came up close in your personal space, you wouldn?t think that?s the kind of thing a properly brought -up person would do.It will be possible to create more sophisticated moral machines, if only we can find a way to set out human values as clear rules.Robots could also learn values fromdrawing patterns from large sets ofdata on human behavior. They are dangerous only if programmers are careless.The biggest concern with robots going against human values isthat human beings fail to do sufficient testing and they?ve produced a system that will break some kind of taboo (禁忌) .One simple check would be to program a robot to check the correct course of action with a human when presented with an unusual situation.If the robot is unsure whether an animal is suitable for the microwave, it has the opportunity to stop, send out beeps (嘟嘟声),and ask for direct ions from a huma n. If we huma ns aren?t quite sure about a decision, we go and ask somebody else.The most difficult step in programming values will be deciding exactly what we believe in moral, and how to create a set of ethical rules. But if we come up with an answer, robots could be good for humanity.46. What does the author say about the threat of robots?A) It may constitute a challenge to computer programmers.B) It accompanies all machinery involving high technology.C) It can be avoided if human values are translated into their language.D) It has become an inevitable peril as technology gets more sophisticated.47. What would we think of a person who invades our personal space according to the author?A) They are aggressive.B)They are outgoing.C)They are ignorant.D)They are ill-bred.48. How do robots learn human values?A) By interacting with humans in everyday life situations.B) By following the daily routines of civilized human beings.C) By picking up patterns from massive data on human behavior.D) By imitating the behavior of property brought-up human beings.49. What will a well-programmed robot do when facing an unusual situation?A) Keep a distance from possible dangers.B)Stop to seek advice from a human being.C)Trigger its built-in alarm system at once.D)Do sufficient testing before taking action.50. What is most difficult to do when we turn human values into a programmable code?A) Determine what is moral and ethical.B)Design some large-scale experiments.C)Set rules for man-machine interaction.D)Develop a more sophisticated program.Passage Two Questions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.Why do some people live to be older than others? You know the standard explanations: keeping a moderate diet, engaging in regular exercise, etc. But what effect does your personality have on your Io ngevity (长寿)Do some kinds of person alities lead to Ion ger lives? A new study in the Journal of the American Geriatrics Society looked at this question by examining the personality characteristics of 246 children of people who had lived to be at least 100.The study shows that those living the longest are more outgoing, more active and less neurotic (神经质的) than other people. Long-living women are also more likely to be sympathetic and cooperative than women with a normal life span. These findings are in agreement with what you would expect from the evolutionary theory: those who like to make friends and help others can gather enough resources to make it through tough times.Interestingly, however, other characteristics that you might consider advantageous had no impact on whether study participants were likely to live longer. Those who were more self-disciplined, for instance, were no more likely to live to be very old. Also, being open to new ideas had no relationship to long life, which might explain all those bad-tempered old people who are fixed in their ways.Whether you can successfully change your personality as an adult is the subject of a longstanding psychological debate. But the new paper suggests that if you want long life, you should strive to be as outgoing as possible.Unfortunately, another recent study shows that your mother?s personality may also help determine your longevity. That study looked at nearly 28,000 Norwegian mothers and found that those moms who were more anxious, depressed and angry were more likely to feed their kids unhealthy diets. Patterns of childhood eating can be hard to break whenwe?re adults, which may mean that kids of depressed moms end up dying younger.Person ality isn?t dest iny (命运),and every one knows that in dividuals can lear n to cha nge. But both studies show that long life isn?t just a matter of your physical health but of your mental health.51. The aim of the study in the Journal of the American Geriatrics Society is ____ .A) to see whether people?s personality affects their life spanB) to find out if one?s lifestyle has any effect on their healthC) to investigate the role of exercise in living a long lifeD) to examine all the factors contributing to longevity52. What does the author imply about outgoing and sympathetic people?A) They have a good understanding of evolution.B) They are better at negotiating an agreement.C) They generally appear more resourceful.D) They are more likely to get over hardship.53. What finding of the study might prove somewhat out of our expectation?A) Easy-going people can also live a relatively long life.B) Personality characteristics that prove advantageous actually vary with times.C) Such personality characteristics as self-discipline have no effect on longevity.D) Readiness to accept new ideas helps one enjoy longevity.54. What does the recent study of Norwegian mothers show? A)Children?s personality characteristics are invariablydetermined by theirmothers.B) People with unhealthy eating habits are likely to die sooner.C) Mothers? influence on children may last longer than fathers?. D)Mothers? negative personality characteristicsmay affect their children?s life spans.55. What can we learn from the findings of the two new studies? A)Anxiety and depressio n more often than not cutshort one?s life span.B) Longevity results from a combination of mental and physical health.C) Personality plays a decisive role in how healthy one is.D) Health is in large part related to one?s lifestyle.Part IV TranslationDirections: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.乌镇是浙江的一座古老水镇，坐落在京杭大运河畔。
2016年6月大学英语四级真题第三套
2016年6月英语四级考试真题及答案(第3套)Part I Writing (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30minutes to write a letter to express your t hanks toyour parents or any other family member uponmaking a memorable achieve ment. You should write at least 120 words but no more than180 words.注意：此部分试题在答题卡1上_____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________Part II Listening Comprehension (30 minutes)Section A News ReportDirections：In this section，you will hear three news reports。
At the end of each news report，you will hear two or three questions。
Both the news report and the questions will be spoken only once。
After you hear a question，you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A），B），C）and D）。
2016年6月英语四级考试真题及答案(第3套)
2016 年6 月英语四级真题第三套（文字版整理）Part I Writing ( 30 minutes )Directions: For this part,you are allowed 30 minutes to write a letter to express your thanks to one of your friends who helped you most when you were in difficulty.You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.Part III Reading Comprehension ( 40 minutes )Section ASigns barring cell-phone use are a familiar sight to anyone who has ever satin a hospital waiting room. But the _________ (26)popularity of electronic medical recordshas forced hospital-based doctors to become _________ (27)on computers throughout the day,and desktops-which keep doctors from besides-are ____ (28)giving way to wirelessdevices.As clerical loads increased, "something had to ___ (29), and that wasalways face time with patients," says Dr.Bhakti Patel, a former chief resident inthe University of Chicago's internal-medicine program. In fall 2010, she helped (30)a pilot project in Chicago to see if the iPad could improve workingconditions and patient care. The experiment was so _______________________ (31)that all internal-medicine program adopted the same _________ (32)in 2011. Medical schools at Yaleand Stanford now have paperless, iPad-based curriculums. "You'll want an iPad just so you can wear this" is the slogan for one of the new lab coats ____________________________ (33)with large pockets to accommodate tablet computers.A study of the University of Chicago iPad project found that patients got tests and (34) faster if they were cared for by iPad-equipped residents.Manypatients also ______ (35) a better understanding of the illnesses that landed them inthe hospital in the first place.A. dependentB. designedC. fastD. flyingE. gainedF. giveG. growingH. launchI. policyJ. prospectK. ratherL. reliableM. signalN. successfulO. treatme ntsSection BAn cie nt Greek Wisdom In spires Guideli nes to Good Life[A] Is it possible to enjoy a peaceful life in a world that is in creas in gly challe nged by threats and un certa in ties from wars, terrorism, econo mic crises anda widespread outbreak of infectious diseases? The answer is yes, according to a newbook The 10 Golden Rules: Ancient Wisdom from the Greek Philosophers on Living a Good Life. The book is co-authored by Long Island University's philosophy professor Michael Soupios and economics professor Panos Mourdoukoutas.[B] The wisdom of the ancient Greek philosophers is timeless, says Soupios. The philosophy professor says it is as releva nt today as whe n it was first writte nmany centuries ago. "There is no expiration（失效）date on wisdom," he says "Thereis no shelf life on intelligenee. I think that things have become very gloomy theseday, lots of misun dersta nding, misleadi ng cues, a lot of what the ancients would have called sophistry（诡辩）.The nice thing about ancient philosophy as offered by the Greeks is that they ten ded to see life clear and whole, in a way that we tend not to see life today."Exam ine your life[C] Soupies, along with his co-author Panos Mourdoukoutas, developed their 10 golden rules by turning to the men behind that philosophy-Aristotle, Socrates, Epictetus and Pythagoras, among others. The first rule-exam ine your life-is thecom mon thread that runs through the en tire book. Soupios says that it is based on Plato's observation that the unexamined life is not worth living. "The Greek are always concerned about boxing themselves in, in terms of convictions（信念）," he says. "So take a step back, switch off the automatic pilot and actually stop and reflect about things like our priorities, our values, and our relati on ships."Stop worry ing about what you can not con trol[D] As we begi n to exam ine our life, Soupios says, we come to Rule No.2: Worryon ly about things that you can con trol. "The in dividual who promoted this idea wasa Stoic philosopher His n ame is Epictetus, "he says." And what the Stoics say in general is simply this. There is a larger plan in life. You are not really going to be able to un dersta nd all of the dimerisi ons of this pla n. You are not going to be able to con trol the dime nsions of this pla n."[E] So, Soupios explains, it is not worth it to waste our physical, intellectualand spiritual en ergy worry ing about things that are bey ond our con trol. "I can not control whether or not I wind up getting the disease swine flu, for example." Hesays. "I mean, there are some cautious steps. I can take, but ultimately I can not guarantee myself that. So what Epictetus would say is sitting at home worrying about that would be wrong and wasterful and irrati on al. You should live your life attempt ing to ide ntify and con trol those things which you can genuin ely con trol."Seek true pleasure[F] To have a meaningful, happy life we need friends. But according to Aristotle-a stude nt of Plato and teacher of Alexa nder the Great-most relati on shipsdon't qualify as true frien dships. "Just because I have a bus in ess relati on ship with an in dividual and I can profit from that relati on ship, it does not n ecessarily meanthat this person is my friend." Soupios says. "Real friendship is when twoindividuals share the same soul. It is a beautiful and uncharacteristically pocticimage that Aristotle offers."[G] l n our pursuit of the good life, he says, it is importa nt to seek out true pleasures-advice which was origi nally offered by Epicurus. But un like the moder ndefinition of Epicureanism as a life of indulgence（放纵）and luxury, for the ancientGreeks, it meant finding a state of calm, peace and men tal case.[H] "This was the highest and most desirable form of pleasure and happ in ess for the ancient Epicurea ns." Soupios says. "This is someth ing that is very much wellworth con sideri ng here in the moder n era. I do not think that we spe nd n early eno ugh time trying to concen trate on achiev ing a sort of cal mn ess, a sort of conten tme nt in mental and spiritual, which was identified by these people as the gighest form of happ in ess and pleasure."Do good to others[l]Other golde n rules coun sel us to master ourselves, to avoid excess and not to be a prosperous（发迹的）fool. There are also rules dealing with interpersonal relati on ships. Be a resp on sible huma n being and do not do evil things to others.[J] "This is Hesiod, of course, a youn ger con temporary poet, we believe, with Homer," Soupios says. "Hesiod offers an idea-which you very often find in some ofthe word's great religions, in the Judeo-Christian tradition and in Islam an others-that in some sen se, whe n you hurt ano ther huma n being, you hurt yourself.That damag ing other people in your com munity and in your life, trash ing relati on ships, results in a kind of self-inflicted（自己招致的）spiritual wound."[K] lnstead, Soupios says,ancient wisdom urges us to do good. Golden Rule No.10for a good life is that kindn ess toward others tends to be rewarded.[L] "This is Aesop, the fabulist（寓言家）,the manof these charming little tales,ofte n told in terms of ani mals and ani mal relati on ships." He says. "I think whatAesop was suggesting is that when you offer a good turn to another human being. One can hope that that good deed will come back and sort of pay a profit to you, the doer of the good deed. Eve n if there is no con crete ben efit paid in resp onse to you good deed. At the very least, the doer of the good deed has the opport unity to enjoya kind of spiritually en lighte ned mome nt."[M] Soupios say following the 10 Golden Rules based on ancient wisdom can guide us to the path of the good life where we stop living as oniookers and become engaged and happier huma n bein gs. And that, he no tes, is a life worth livi ng.36. According to an ancient Greek philosopher, it is impossible for us to un dersta nd every aspect of our life.37. A ncient Philosophers saw life in a differe nt light from people of today.38. Not all your bus in ess part ners are your soul mates.49. We can live a peaceful life despite the various challenges of the modern world.40. The doer of a good deed can feel spiritually rewarded even when they gain no con crete ben efits.41. How to achieve meatal calmness and contentment is well worth ourcon siderati on today.42. Michael Soupios suggests that we should stop and think carefully about our priorities in life.43. A ncient philosophers stron gly advise that we do good.44. The wise teachings of ancient Greek thinkers are timeless, and are applicable to con temporary life.45. Do harm to others and you do harm to yourself.Sectio n CPassage OneAttitudes toward new tech no logies often along gen erati onal lin es. That is, gen erally, youn ger people tend to out nu mber older people on the front end of a tech no logical shift.It is not always the case, though. Whenyou look at attitudes toward driverless cars, there does n't seem to be a clear gen erati onal divide. The public overall is split on whether they'd like to use a driverless car. In a study last year, of all people surveyed, 48 perce nt said they wan ted to ride in one, while 50 perce nt did not.The face that attitudes toward self-driving cars appear to be so steady across generations suggests how transformative the shift to driverless cars could be. Notevery one wants a driverless car no w-a nd no one can get one yet-but among those who are ope n to them, every age group is similarly en gaged.Actually, this isn't surprising. Whereas older generations are sometime relucta nt to adopt new tech no logies, driverless cars promise real value to these age groups in particular. Older adults, especially those with limited mobility or difficulty driving on their own, are one of the classic useeases for driverless cars.This is especially in teresti ng when you con sider that youn ger people aregen erally more in terested in travel-related tech no logies tha n older on es.When it comes to driverless cars, differe nces in attitude are more pronounced based on factors not related to age. College graduates, for example, are particularly in terested in driverless cars compared with those who have less educati on, 59 perce nt of college graduates said they would like to use a driverless car comparedwith 38 perce nt of those with a high-school diploma or less.Where a pers on lives matters, too. More people who lives in cities and suburbssaid they wan ted to try driverless cars tha n those who lived in rural areas.While there's reason to believe that interest in self-driving cars is going upacross the board, a person's age will have little to do with how self-driving cars can be beco ming main stream. Once driverless cares are actually available for safe, the early adopters will be the people who can afford to buy them.46. W hat happe ns whe n a new tech no logy emerges?A. lt further wide ns the gap betwee n the old and the young.B. lt often leads to innovations in other related fields.C. I t con tribute greatly to the adva nee of society as a whole.D. It usually draws differe nt react ions from differe nt age groups.47. What does the author say about the driverless car?A. lt does not seem to create a gen erati onal divide.B. lt will not n ecessarily reduce road accide nts.C. lt may start a revolution in the car industry.D. It has given rise to unrealistic expectations.48. Why does the driverless car appeal to some old people?A. lt saves their en ergy.B. lt helps with their mobility.C. lt adds to the safety of their travel.D. lt stirs up their in terest in life.49. What is likely to affect on e's attitude toward the driverless car?A. The locati on of their reside nee.B. The amount of their special in terestC. The amount of trai ning they received.D. The length of their driving experienee.50. Who are likely to be the first to buy the driverless car?A. The senior.B. The educated.C. The wealthy.D. The tech fans.Passage TwoIn agrarian（农业的）,pre-industrial Europe, "you'd want to wake up early, start work ing with the sun rise, have a break to have the largest meal, and the n you'd go back to work," says Ken Albala, a professor of history at the University of thePacific, "Later, at 5 or 6, you'd have a smaller supper."This comfortable cycle, in which the rhythms of the day helped shape the rhythms of the meals, gave rise to the custom of the large midday meal, eaten with the extended family, "Meal are the foundation of the family,' says Carole Couniban. a professor at Millersville University in Pee nsylva nia, "so there was a very importa nt in terc onnection betwee n eat ing together" and strength-eating family ties.Since industrialization, maintaining such a slow cultural metabolism has been much harder. With the long midday meal shri nking to whatever could be stuffed intoa lunch bucket or bought at a food sta nd. Certainly, there were ben efits. Moder n techniques for producing and shipping food led to greater variety and quantity, in cludi ng a treme ndous, in crease in the amount of ani mal prote in and dairy productsavailable, making us more vigorous than our ancestors.Yet plenty has been lost too, even in cultures that still live to eat. Take Italy.It's no secret that the Mediterranean diet is healthy, but it was also a joy to prepare and cat. Italia ns, says Coun iha n, traditi on ally bega n the day with a small meal.The big meal came at around 1 pm In between the midday meal and a late, smallerdinner came a small snack. Today, when time zones have less and less meaning, there is little toleranee for offices' closing for lunch, and worsening traffic in cities means workers can't make it home and back fast eno ugh any way. So the formerly small supper after sundown becomes the big meal of the day. the only one at which the family has a chance to get together. "The evening meal carries the full burden that usedto be spread over two meals" says Coun iha n.51. What do we lear n from the passage about people in pre-i ndustrial Europe?A. They had to work from early morning till late at night.B. They were so busy work ing that they only ate simple meals.C. Their daily routine followed the rhythm of the natural cycle.D. Their life was much more comfortable tha n that of today.52. What does Professor Carole Counihan say about. pre-industrial European families eat ing meals together?A. It was helpful to maintaining a n ati on's traditi on.B. It brought family members closers to each other.C. It was characteristic of the agrarian culture.D. lt en abled families to save a lot of mon ey.53. What does "cultural metabolism"(Li ne 1 ,Para. 3) refer to?A. Evolutio nary adaptatio n.B. Changes in lifestyle.C. Social progress.D. P ace of life.54. What does the author think of the food people eat today?A. Its quality is usually guara nteed.B. It is varied, abundant and nutritious.C. It is more costly tha n what our an cestors ate.D. Its product ion depe nds too much on tech no logy.55. What does the author say about Italia ns of the old days.A. They enjoyed cook ing as well as eat ing.B. They ate a big dinner late in the evening.C. They ate three meals regularly every day.D. They were expert at cook ing meals.Part IV Tran slation (30 minu tes )Directions : For this part , you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English 。
2016年6月大学英语四级真题及答案L
2016年6月大学英语四级真题（第3套）Part III Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections:In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.Physical activity does the body good, and there’s growing evidence that it helps the brain too. Researchers in the Netherlands report that children who get more exercise, whether at school or on their own, 26 to have higher GPAs and better scores on standardized tests. In a 27 of 14 studies that looked at physical activity and academic 28 , investigators found that the more children moved, the better their grades were in school, 29 in the basic subjects of math, English and reading.The data will certainly fuel the ongoing debate over whether physical education classes should be cut as schools struggle to 30 on smaller budgets. The arguments against physical education have included concerns that gym time may be taking away from study time. With standardized test scores in the U.S. 31 in recent years, some administrators believe students need to spend more time in the classroom instead of on the playground. But as these findings show, exercise and academics may not be 32 exclusive. Physical activity can improve blood 33 to the brain, fueling memory, attention and creativity, which are 34 to learning. And exercise releases hormones that can improve 35 and relieve stress, which can also help learning. So while it may seem as if kids are just exercising their bodies when they’re running around, they may actually be exercising their brains as well.Section BDirections: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.Finding the Right Home—and Contentment, Too[A] When your elderly relative needs to enter some sort of long-term care facility —a moment few parents or children approach without fear—what you would like is to have everything made clear.[B] Does assisted living really mark a great improvement over a nursing home, or has the industry simply hired better interior designers? Are nursing homes as bad as people fear, or is that an out-moded stereotype（固定看法)? Can doing one’s homework really steer families to the best places? It is genuinely hard to know.[C] I am about to make things more complicated by suggesting that what kind of facility an older person lives in may matter less than we have assumed. And that the characteristics adult children look for when they begin the search are not necessarily the things that make a difference to the people who are going to move in. I am not talking about the quality of care, let me hastily add. Nobody flourishes in a gloomy environment with irresponsible staff and a poor safety record. But an accumulating body of research indicates that some distinctions between one type of elder care and another have little real bearing on how well residents do.[D] The most recent of these studies, published in The journal of Applied Gerontology, surveyed 150 Connecticut residents of assisted living, nursing homes and smaller residential care homes（known in some states as board and care homes or adult care homes). Researchers from the University of Connecticut Health Center asked the residents a large number of questions about their quality of life, emotional well-being and social interaction, as well as about the quality of the facilities.[E] “We thought we would see differences based on the housing types,” said the lead author of the study, Julie Robison, an associate professor of medicine at the university. A reasonable assumption—don’t families struggle to avoid nursing homes and suffer real guilt if they can’t?[F] In the initial results, assisted living residents did paint the most positive picture. They were less likely to report symptoms of depression than those in the other facilities, for instance, and less likely to be bored or lonely. They scored higher on social interaction.[G] But when the researchers plugged in a number of other variables, such differences disappeared. It is not the housing type, they found, that creates differences in residents’ responses. “It is the characteristics of the specific environment they are in, combined with their own personal characteristics—how healthy they feel they are, their age and marital status,”Dr. Robison explained. Whether residents felt involved in the decision to move and how long they had lived there also proved significant.[H] An elderly person who describes herself as in poor health, therefore, might be no less depressed in assisted living（even if her children preferred it) than in a nursing home. A person who had input into where he would move and has had time to adapt to it might do as well in a nursing home as in a small residential care home, other factors being equal. It is an interaction betweenthe person and the place, not the sort of place in itself, that leads to better or worse experiences. “You can’t just say, ‘Let’s put this person in a residential care home instead of a nursing home—she will be much better off,’”Dr. Robison said. What matters, she added, “is a combination of what people bring in with them, and what they find there.”[I] Such findings, which run counter to common sense, have surfaced before. In a multi-state study of assisted living, for instance, University of North Carolina researchers found that a host of variables—the facility’s type, size or age；whether a chain owned it；how attractive the neighborhood was—had no significant relationship to how the residents fared in terms of illness, mental decline, hospitalizations or mortality. What mattered most was the residents’physical health and mental status. What people were like when they came in had greater consequence than what happened once they were there. [J] As I was considering all this, a press release from a respected research firm crossed my desk, announcing that the five-star rating system that Medicare developed in 2008 to help families compare nursing home quality also has little relationship to how satisfied its residents or their family members are. As a matter of fact, consumers expressed higher satisfaction with the one-star facilities, the lowest rated, than with the five-star ones.（More on this study and the star ratings will appear in a subsequent post.)[K] Before we collectively tear our hair out—how are we supposed to find our way in a landscape this confusing?—here is a thought from Dr. Philip Sloane, a geriatrician（老年病学专家)at the University of North Carolina:“In a way, that could be liberating for families.”[L] Of course, sons and daughters want to visit the facilities, talk to the administrators and residents and other families, and do everything possible to fulfill their duties. But perhaps they don’t have to turn themselves into private investigators or Congressional subcommittees. “Families can look a bit more for where the residents are going to be happy,” Dr. Sloane said. And involving the future resident in the process can be very important.[M] We all have our own ideas about what would bring our parents happiness. They have their ideas, too. A friend recently took her mother to visit an expensive assisted living/nursing home near my town. I have seen this place—it is elegant, inside and out. But nobody greeted the daughter and mother when they arrived, though the visit had been planned；nobody introduced them to the other residents. When they had lunch in the dining room, they sat alone at a table.[N] The daughter feared her mother would be ignored there, and so she decided to move her into a more welcoming facility. Based on what is emerging from some of this research, that might have been as rational a way as any to reach a decision.36.Many people feel guilty when they cannot find a place other than a nursing home for their parents.37.Though it helps for children to investigate care facilities, involving theirparents in the decision-making process may prove very important.38.It is really difficult to tell if assisted living is better than a nursing home.39.How a resident feels depends on an interaction between themselves and the care facility they live in.40.The author thinks her friend made a rational decision in choosing a more hospitable place over an apparently elegant assisted living home.41.The system Medicare developed to rate nursing home quality is of little help to finding a satisfactory place.42.At first the researchers of the most recent study found residents in assisted living facilities gave higher scores on social interaction.43.What kind of care facility old people live in may be less important than we think.44.The findings of the latest research were similar to an earlier multi-state study of assisted living.45.A resident’s satisfaction with a care facility has much to do with whether they had participated in the decision to move in and how long they had stayed there.Section CDirections: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.As Artificial Intelligence (AI) becomes increasingly sophisticated, there are growing concerns that robots could become a threat. This danger can be avoided, according to computer science professor Stuart Russell, if we figure out how to turn human values into a programmable code.Russell argues that as robots take on more complicated tasks, it’s necessary to translate our morals into AI language.For example, if a robot does chores around the house, you wouldn’t want it to put the pet cat in the oven to make dinner for the hungry children. “You would want that robot preloaded with a good set of values,” said Russell.Some robots are already programmed with basic human values. For example, mobile robots have been programmed to keep a comfortable distance from humans. Obviously there are cultural differences, but if you were talking to another person and they came up close in your personal space, you wouldn’t think that’s the kind of thing a properly brought-up person would do.It will be possible to create more sophisticated moral machines, if only we can find a way to set out human values as clear rules.Robots could also learn values from drawing patterns from large sets of data on human behavior. They are dangerous only if programmers are careless.The biggest concern with robots going against human values is that human beings fail to do sufficient testing and they’ve produced a system that will break some kind of taboo（禁忌).One simple check would be to program a robot to check the correct course of action with a human when presented with an unusual situation.If the robot is unsure whether an animal is suitable for the microwave, it has the opportunity to stop, send out beeps（嘟嘟声), and ask for directions from a human. If we humans aren’t quite sure about a decision, we go and ask somebody else.The most difficult step in programming values will be deciding exactly what we believe in moral, and how to create a set of ethical rules. But if we come up with an answer, robots could be good for humanity.46.What does the author say about the threat of robots?A)It may constitute a challenge to computer programmers.B)It accompanies all machinery involving high technology.C)It can be avoided if human values are translated into their language.D)It has become an inevitable peril as technology gets more sophisticated.47.What would we think of a person who invades our personal space according to the author?A)They are aggressive. B)They are outgoing.C)They are ignorant. D)They are ill-bred.48.How do robots learn human values?A)By interacting with humans in everyday life situations.B)By following the daily routines of civilized human beings.C)By picking up patterns from massive data on human behavior.D)By imitating the behavior of property brought-up human beings.49.What will a well-programmed robot do when facing an unusual situation?A)Keep a distance from possible dangers. B)Stop to seek advice from a human being.C)Trigger its built-in alarm system at once. D)Do sufficient testing before taking action.50.What is most difficult to do when we turn human values into a programmable code?A)Determine what is moral and ethical. B)Design some large-scale experiments.C)Set rules for man-machine interaction. D)Develop a more sophisticated program.Passage TwoQuestions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.Why do some people live to be older than others? You know the standard explanations: keeping a moderate diet, engaging in regular exercise, etc. But what effect does your personality have on your longevity（长寿）?Do some kinds of personalities lead to longer lives? A new study in the Journal of the American Geriatrics Society looked at this question by examining the personality characteristics of 246 children of people who had lived to be at least 100.The study shows that those living the longest are more outgoing, more active and less neurotic （神经质的) than other people. Long-living women are also morelikely to be sympathetic and cooperative than women with a normal life span. These findings are in agreement with what you would expect from the evolutionary theory: those who like to make friends and help others can gather enough resources to make it through tough times.Interestingly, however, other characteristics that you might consider advantageous had no impact on whether study participants were likely to live longer. Those who were more self-disciplined, for instance, were no more likely to live to be very old. Also, being open to new ideas had no relationship to long life, which might explain all those bad-tempered old people who are fixed in their ways.Whether you can successfully change your personality as an adult is the subject of a longstanding psychological debate. But the new paper suggests that if you want long life, you should strive to be as outgoing as possible.Unfortunately, another recent study shows that your mother’s personality may also help determine your longevity. That study looked at nearly 28,000 Norwegian mothers and found that those moms who were more anxious, depressed and angry were more likely to feed their kids unhealthy diets. Patterns of childhood eating can be hard to break when we’re adults, which may mean that kids of depressed moms end up dying younger.Personality isn’t destiny（命运), and everyone knows that individuals can learn to change. But both studies show that long life isn’t just a matter of your physical health but of your mental health.51. The aim of the study in the Journal of the American Geriatrics Society is____.A)to see whether people’s personality affects their life spanB)to find out if one’s lifestyle has any effect on their healthC)to investigate the role of exercise in living a long lifeD)to examine all the factors contributing to longevity52. What does the author imply about outgoing and sympathetic people?A)They have a good understanding of evolution.B)They are better at negotiating an agreement.C)They generally appear more resourceful.D)They are more likely to get over hardship.53. What finding of the study might prove somewhat out of our expectation?A)Easy-going people can also live a relatively long life.B)Personality characteristics that prove advantageous actually vary with times.C)Such personality characteristics as self-discipline have no effect on longevity.D)Readiness to accept new ideas helps one enjoy longevity.54. What does the recent study of Norwegian mothers show?A)Children’s personality characteristics are invariably determined by their mothers.B)People with unhealthy eating habits are likely to die sooner.C)Mothers’ influence on children may last longer than fathers’.D)Mothers’ negative personality characteristics may affect their children’s life spans.55.What can we learn from the findings of the two new studies?A)Anxiety and depression more often than not cut short one’s life span.B)Longevity results from a combination of mental and physical health.C)Personality plays a decisive role in how healthy one is.D)Health is in large part related to one’s lifestyle.Part IV TranslationDirections:For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.乌镇是浙江的一座古老水镇，坐落在京杭大运河畔。
2016年6月大学英语四级第3套真题及答案
2016 年6 月大学英语四级考试真题（第三套）Part I Writing (30 minutes)For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a letter to express your thanks to your parents or any family members upon making memorable achievement. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.Directions:注意：此部分试题请在答题卡 1 上作答。
Part ⅢReading Comprehension (40 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the center. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.Signs barring cell-phone use are a familiar sight to anyone who has ever sat in a hospital waiting room. But the 26 popularity of electronic medical records has forced hospital-based doctors to become 27 on computers throughout the day, and desktops—which keep doctors from bedsides—are 28 giving way to wireless devices.As clerical loads increased, “something had to 29 , and that was always face time with patients,” says Dr.Bhakti Patel, a former chief resident in the University of Chicago’s internal-medicine program. In fall 2010, she helped 30 a pilot project in Chicago to see if the iPad could improve working conditions and patient care. The experiment was so 31 that all internal-medicine program adopted the same 32 in 2011. Medical schools at Yale and Stanford now have paperless, iPad-based curriculums. “You’ll want an iPad just so you can wear this” is the slogan for one of the new lab coats 33 with large pockets to accommodate tablet computers.A study of the University of Chicago iPad project found that patients got tests and 34 faster if they were cared for by iPad-equipped residents. Many patients also 35 a better understanding of the illnesses that landed them in the hospital in the first place.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡 2 上作答。
英语四级真题2016年6月(第三套)试卷及答案解析
2016 年6 月大学英语四级考试真题（第三套）Part I Writing(30 minutes) Directions:For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a letter to express your thanks to your parents or any family members upon making memorable achievement. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.Part ⅡListening Comprehension (25 minutes) 特别说明：2016 年6月大学英语四级试卷的三套试题有重叠部分，本试卷（第三套）只列出与第一、二套不重复的试题。
具体重叠部分：本卷所有听力题与第一、二套试卷有重复，本试卷不再列出。
Part ⅢReading Comprehension (40 minutes) Section ADirections: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the center. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.Signs barring cell-phone use are a familiar sight to anyone who has ever sat in a hospital waiting room. But the 26 popularity of electronic medical records has forced hospital-based doctors to become 27 on computers throughout the day, and desktops—which keep doctors from bedsides—are 28 giving way to wireless devices.As clerical loads increased, “something had to 29 , and that was always face time with patients,” says Dr.Bhakti Patel, a former chief resident in the University of Chicago’s internal-medicine program. In fall 2010, she helped 30 a pilot project in Chicago to see if the iPad could improve working conditions and patient care. The experiment was so 31 that all internal-medicine program adopted the same 32 in 2011. Medical schools at Yale and Stanford now have paperless, iPad-based curriculums. “You’ll want an iPad just so you can wear this” is the slogan for one of the new lab coats 33 with large pockets to accommodate tablet computers.A study of the University of Chicago iPad project found that patients got tests and 34 faster if they were cared for by iPad-equipped residents. Many patients also 35 a better understanding of the illnesses that landed them in the hospital in the first place.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡 2 上作答。
大学英语四级第三套真题及答案
大学英语四级第三套真题及答案精选文档 TTMS system office room 【TTMS16H-TTMS2A-TTMS8Q8-2016年6月大学英语四级真题（第3套）Part III Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections:In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.Physical activity does the body good, and there’s growing evidence that it helps the brain too. Researchers in the Netherlands report that children who get more exercise, whether at school or on their own, 26 to have higher GPAs and better scores on standardized tests. In a 27 of 14 studies that looked at physical activity and academic 28 , investigators found that the more children moved, the better their grades were in school, 29 in the basic subjects of math, English and reading.The data will certainly fuel the ongoing debate over whether physical education classes should be cut as schools struggle to 30 on smaller budgets. The arguments against physical education have included concerns that gym time may be taking away from study time. With standardized test scores in the . 31 in recent years, some administrators believe students need to spend more time in the classroom instead of on the playground. But as these findings show, exercise and academics may not be 32 exclusive. Physical activity can improve blood 33 to the brain, fueling memory, attention and creativity, which are 34 to learning. And exercise releases hormones that can improve 35 and relieve stress, which can also help learning. So while it may seem as if kids are just exercising their bodies when they’re running around, they may actually be exercising their brains as well.Section BDirections: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the correspondingletter on Answer Sheet 2.Finding the Right Home—and Contentment, Too[A] When your elderly relative needs to enter some sort oflong-term care facility—a moment few parents or children approach without fear—what you would like is to have everything made clear.[B] Does assisted living really mark a great improvement over a nursing home, or has the industry simply hired better interior designersAre nursing homes as bad as people fear, or is that an out-moded stereotype（固定看法) Can doing one’s homework really steer families to the b est placesIt is genuinely hard to know.[C] I am about to make things more complicated by suggesting that what kind of facility an older person lives in may matter less than we have assumed. And that the characteristics adult children look for when they begin the search are not necessarily the things that make a difference to the people who are going to move in. I am not talking about the quality of care, let me hastily add. Nobody flourishes in a gloomy environment with irresponsible staff and a poor safety record. But an accumulating body of research indicates that some distinctions between one type of elder care and another have little real bearing on how well residents do.[D] The most recent of these studies, published in The journal of Applied Gerontology, surveyed 150 Connecticut residents ofassisted living, nursing homes and smaller residential care homes（known in some states as board and care homes or adult care homes). Researchers from the University of Connecticut Health Center asked the residents a large number of questions about their quality of life, emotional well-being and social interaction, as well as about the quality of the facilities.[E] “We thought we would see difference s based on the housing types,” said the lead author of the study, Julie Robison, an associate professor of medicine at the university. A reasonable assumption—don’t families struggle to avoid nursing homes and suffer real guilt if they can’t?[F] In the initial results, assisted living residents did paint the most positive picture. They were less likely to report symptoms of depression than those in the other facilities, for instance, and less likely to be bored or lonely. They scored higher on social interaction.[G] But when the researchers plugged in a number of other variables, such differences disappeared. It is not thehousing type, they found, that creates differences in residents’ responses. “It is the characteristics of the specific environment they are in, combined with their own personal characteristics—how healthy they feel they are, their age and marital status,” Dr. Robison explained. Whether residents felt involved in the decision to move and how long they had lived there also proved significant.[H] An elderly person who describes herself as in poor health, therefore, might be no less depressed in assisted living （even if her children preferred it) than in a nursing home. A person who had input into where he would move and has had time to adapt to it might do as well in a nursing home as in a small residential care home, other factors being equal. It is an interaction between the person and the place, not the sort of place in itself, that leads to better or worse experiences. “You can’t just say, ‘Let’s put this person in a residential care home instead of a nursing home—she will be much better off,’” Dr. Robison said. What matters, she added, “is a combination of what people bring in with them, and what they find there.”[I] Such findings, which run counter to common sense, have surfaced before. In a multi-state study of assisted living, for instance, University of North Carolina researchers found that a host of variables—the facility’s type, size or a ge；whether a chain owned it；how attractive the neighborhood was—had no significant relationship to how the residents fared in terms of illness, mental decline, hospitalizations or mortality. What mattered most was the residents’ physical health and mental status. What people were like when they came in had greater consequence than what happened once they were there.[J] As I was considering all this, a press release from a respected research firm crossed my desk, announcing that the five-star rating system that Medicare developed in 2008 to help families compare nursing home quality also has little relationship to how satisfied its residents or their family members are. As a matter of fact, consumers expressed higher satisfaction with the o ne-star facilities, the lowest rated, than with the five-star ones.（More on this study and the star ratings will appear in a subsequent post.)[K] Before we collectively tear our hair out—how are we supposed to find our way in a landscape this confusing—here is a thought from Dr. Philip Sloane, a geriatrician（老年病学专家)at the University of North Carolina:“In a way, that could be liberating for families.”[L] Of course, sons and daughters want to visit the facilities, talk to the administrators and residents and other families, and do everything possible to fulfill their duties. But perhaps they don’t have to turn themselves into private investigators or Congressional subcommittees. “Families can look a bit more for where the residents are going to be happy,” Dr. S loane said. And involving the future resident in the process can be very important.[M] We all have our own ideas about what would bring ourparents happiness. They have their ideas, too. A friend recently took her mother to visit an expensive assistedliving/nursing home near my town. I have seen this place—itis elegant, inside and out. But nobody greeted the daughter and mother when they arrived, though the visit had been planned；nobody introduced them to the other residents. When they had lunch in the dining room, they sat alone at a table.[N] The daughter feared her mother would be ignored there, and so she decided to move her into a more welcoming facility. Based on what is emerging from some of this research, thatmight have been as rational a way as any to reach a decision.36.Many people feel guilty when they cannot find a place other than a nursing home for their parents.it helps for children to investigate care facilities,involving their parents in the decision-making process may prove very important.is really difficult to tell if assisted living is better than a nursing home.a resident feels depends on an interaction between themselves and the care facility they live in.author thinks her friend made a rational decision in choosing a more hospitable place over an apparently elegant assisted living home.41.The system Medicare developed to rate nursing home quality is of little help to finding a satisfactory place.first the researchers of the most recent study found residents in assisted living facilities gave higher scores on social interaction.kind of care facility old people live in may be less important than we think.findings of the latest research were similar to an earlier multi-state study of assisted living.resident’s satisfaction with a care facility has much to do with whether they had participated in the decision to move in and how long they had stayed there.Section CDirections: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.As Artificial Intelligence (AI) becomes increasingly sophisticated, there are growing concerns that robots could become a threat. This danger can be avoided, according to computer science professor Stuart Russell, if we figure out how to turn human values into a programmable code.Russell argues that as robots take on more complicated tasks, it’s necessary to translate our morals into AI language.For example, if a robot does chores around the house, you wouldn’t want it to put the pet cat in the oven to make dinner for the hungry children. “You would want that robot prelo aded with a good set of values,” said Russell.Some robots are already programmed with basic human values. For example, mobile robots have been programmed to keep a comfortable distance from humans. Obviously there are cultural differences, but if you were talking to another person and they came up close in your personal space, you wouldn’t thinkthat’s the kind of thing a properly brought-up person would do.It will be possible to create more sophisticated moral machines, if only we can find a way to set out human values as clear rules.Robots could also learn values from drawing patterns from large sets of data on human behavior. They are dangerous onlyif programmers are careless.The biggest concern with robots going against human valuesis that human beings fail to d o sufficient testing and they’ve produced a system that will break some kind of taboo（禁忌).One simple check would be to program a robot to check the correct course of action with a human when presented with an unusual situation.If the robot is unsure whether an animal is suitable for the microwave, it has the opportunity to stop, send out beeps（嘟嘟声), and ask for directions from a human. If we humans aren’t quite sure about a decision, we go and ask somebody else.The most difficult step in programming values will be deciding exactly what we believe in moral, and how to create a set of ethical rules. But if we come up with an answer, robots could be good for humanity.does the author say about the threat of robots?A)It may constitute a challenge to computer programmers.B)It accompanies all machinery involving high technology.C)It can be avoided if human values are translated into their language.D)It has become an inevitable peril as technology gets more sophisticated.would we think of a person who invades our personal space according to the author?A)They are aggressive. B)They are outgoing.C)They are ignorant. D)They are ill-bred.do robots learn human values?A)By interacting with humans in everyday life situations.B)By following the daily routines of civilized human beings.C)By picking up patterns from massive data on human behavior.D)By imitating the behavior of property brought-up human beings.will a well-programmed robot do when facing an unusual situation?A)Keep a distance from possible dangers. B)Stop toseek advice from a human being.C)Trigger its built-in alarm system at once. D)Do sufficient testing before taking action.is most difficult to do when we turn human values into a programmable code?A)Determine what is moral and ethical. B)Design some large-scale experiments.C)Set rules for man-machine interaction. D)Develop a more sophisticated program.Passage TwoQuestions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.Why do some people live to be older than othersYou know the standard explanations: keeping a moderate diet, engaging in regular exercise, etc. But what effect does your personality have on your longevity（长寿）Do some kinds of personalities lead to longer livesA new study in the Journal of the American Geriatrics Society looked at this question by examining the personality characteristics of 246 children of people who had lived to be at least 100.The study shows that those living the longest are more outgoing, more active and less neurotic （神经质的) than other people. Long-living women are also more likely to be sympathetic and cooperative than women with a normal life span. These findings are in agreement with what you would expect from the evolutionary theory: those who like to make friends and help others can gather enough resources to make it through tough times.Interestingly, however, other characteristics that you might consider advantageous had no impact on whether study participants were likely to live longer. Those who were more self-disciplined, for instance, were no more likely to live to be very old. Also, being open to new ideas had no relationship to long life, which might explain all those bad-tempered old people who are fixed in their ways.Whether you can successfully change your personality as an adult is the subject of a longstanding psychological debate. But the new paper suggests that if you want long life, you should strive to be as outgoing as possible.Unfortunately, another recent study shows that your mother’s personality may also help determine your longevity. That study looked at nearly 28,000 Norwegian mothers and found that those moms who were more anxious, depressed and angry were more likely to feed their kids unhealthy diets. Patterns of childhood eating can be hard to break when we’re adults, which may mean that kids of depressed moms end up dying younger.Personality isn’t destiny（命运), and everyone knows that individuals can learn to change. But both studies show thatlong life isn’t just a matter of your physical he alth but of your mental health.51. The aim of the study in the Journal of the American Geriatrics Society is____.A)to see whether people’s personality affects their life spanB)to find out if one’s lifestyle has any effect on their healthC)to investigate the role of exercise in living a long lifeD)to examine all the factors contributing to longevity52. What does the author imply about outgoing and sympathetic people?A)They have a good understanding of evolution.B)They are better at negotiating an agreement.C)They generally appear more resourceful.D)They are more likely to get over hardship.53. What finding of the study might prove somewhat out of our expectation?A)Easy-going people can also live a relatively long life.B)Personality characteristics that prove advantageous actually vary with times.C)Such personality characteristics as self-discipline have no effect on longevity.D)Readiness to accept new ideas helps one enjoy longevity.54. What does the recent study of Norwegian mothers show?A)Children’s personality characteristics are invariably determined by their mothers.B)People with unhealthy eating habits are likely to die sooner.C)Mothers’ influence on children may last longer than fathers’.D)Mothers’ negative personality characteristics may affect their children’s life spans.can we learn from the findings of the two new studies?A)Anxiety and depression more often than not cut short one’s life span.B)Longevity results from a combination of mental and physical health.C)Personality plays a decisive role in how healthy one is.D)Health is in large part related to one’s lifestyle.Part IV TranslationDirections:For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.乌镇是浙江的一座古老水镇，坐落在京杭大运河畔。
2016年6月四级考试真题(第三套)
2016年6月四级考试真题（第三套）Part ⅠWriting (30 minutes)Directions：For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a letter to express your thanks to one of your school teachers upon entering college. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words．Part ⅡListening Comprehension (25 minutes)Section ADirections：In this section, you will hear three news reports. At the end of each news report, you will hear two or three questions. Both the news report and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A，B，C and D. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet l with a single line through the centre．Questions 1 and 2 are based on the news report you have just heard．1．A．This incident occurred in Tibet．B．The dead cubs were found in front of a temple.C．Some tiger cubs were dead because of abuse.D．The reason why they were in the freezer was clear.2．A．About 2 weeks. B．About 7 days. C．About 1 year. D．About 40 days. Questions 3 and 4 are based on the news report you have just heard．3．A．17. B．23. C．57. D．22.4．A．It can reduce the time to travel. B．It can reduce the vehicles on roads.C．It can move cargo between north and south. D．All of A, B, and C.Questions 5 to 7 are based on the news report you have just heard．5．A．He was abandoned by his parents. B．He got lost in the forest.C．He went far to drink water. D．It wasn’t mentioned.6．A．The boy’s father. B．Soldiers, police and volunteers.C．Japan’s military. D．Child psychiatrists.7．A．On Wednesday night. B．A few minutes later.C．Wednesday．D．Since Saturday.Section BDirections：In this section, you will hear two long conversations. At the end of each conversation, you will hear four questions. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A，B，C and D. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 8 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard．8．A．He prefers the smaller evening classes. B．He has signed up for a day course.C．He has to work during the day. D．He finds the evening course cheaper. 9．A．Learn a computer language. B．Learn data processing.C．Buy some computer software. D．Buy a few coursebooks.10．A．Thursday evening, from 7:00 to 9:45. B．From September 1 to New Year’s eve.C．Every Monday, lasting for 12 weeks. D．Three hours a week, 45 hours in total. 11．A．What to bring for registration. B．Where to attend the class.C．How he can get to Frost Hall. D．Whether he can use a check.Questions l2 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard．12．A．A training coach. B．A trading adviser.C．A professional manager. D．A financial trader.13．A．He can save on living expenses. B．He considers cooking creative.C．He can enjoy healthier food. D．He thinks take-away is tasteless.14．A．It is something inevitable. B．It is frustrating sometimes.C．It takes patience to manage. D．It can be a good thing.15．A．The element of uncertainty and the mental challenge.B．The element of certainty and physical challenge.C．The way he deals with all kinds of emotions.D．The success that his stressful job brings about.Section CDirections：In this section, you will hear three passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear three or four questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C and D. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard．16．A．There were no planets without moons. B．There was no air or water on Jupiter.C．Life was not possible in outer space. D．The mystery of life could not be resolved.17．A．It has a number of active volcanoes. B．It has an atmosphere like the earth’s.C．It has a large ocean under its surface. D．It has deep caves several miles long. 18．A．Light is not an essential element to it. B．Life can form in very hot temperatures.C．Every form of life undergoes evolution. D．Oxygen is not needed for some life forms. Questions 19 to 21 are based on the passage you have just heard．19．A．Whether they should take the child home. B．What Dr. Meyer’s instructions exactly were.C．Who should take care of the child at home. D．When the child would completely recover. 20．A．She encourages them to ask questions when in doubt.B．She makes them write down all her instructions.C．She has them act out what they are to do at home.D．She asks them to repeat what they are supposed to do.21．A．It lacks the stability of the printed word. B．It contains many grammatical errors.C．It is heavily dependent on the context. D．It facilitates interpersonal communication. Questions 22 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard．22．A．Job security. B．Good labor relations.C．Challenging work. D．Attractive wages and benefits. 23．A．Many tedious jobs continue to be done manually.B．More and more unskilled workers will lose jobs.C．Computers will change to nature of many jobs.D．Boring jobs will gradually be made enjoyable.24．A．Offer them chances of promotion. B．Improve their working conditions.C．Encourage them to compete with each other. D．Give them responsibilities as part of a team. 25．A．They will not bring real benefits to the staff. B．They concern a small number of people only.C．They are arbitrarily set by the administrators. D．They are beyond the control of ordinary workers.Part ⅢReading Comprehension (40 minutes) Section ADirections：In this section，there is a passage with ten blanks．You are required to select one Word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage．Read the passage through carefully before making your choices．Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre．You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once．Physical activity does the body good，and there’s growing evidence that it helps the brain too．Researchers in the Netherlands report that children who get more exercise，whether at school or on their own．26 to have higher GPAs and better scores on standardized tests．In a 27 of 14 studies that looked at physical activity and academic 28，investigators found that the more children moved．the better their grades were in school，29 in the basic subjects of math, English and reading．The data will certainly fuel the ongoing debate over whether physical education classes should be cut as schools struggle to 30 on smaller budgets．The arguments against physical education have included concerns that gym time may be taking away from study time．With standardized test scores in the U．S．31 in recent years，some administrators believe students need to spend more time in the classroom instead of on the playground．But as these findings show, exercise and academics may not be 32 exclusive．Physical activity can improve blood 33 to the brain，fueling memory, attention and creativity, which are 34 to learning．And exercise releases hormones that can improve 35 and relieve stress，which can also help learning．So while it may seem as if kids are just exercising their bodies when they’re running around，they may actually be exercising their brains as well．Section BDirections：In this section，you are going to read a passage with ten statements contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived You may choose a paragraph more than once．Each paragraph is marked with a letter Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2．Finding the Right Home—and Contentment, TooA．When your elderly relative needs to enter some sort of long term care facility---a moment few parents or children approach without fear---what you would like is to have everything made clear．B．Does assisted living really mark a great improvement over a nursing home，or has the industry simply hired better interior designers? Are nursing homes as bad as people fear, or is that an out-moded stereotype(固定看法)? Can doing one’s homework really steer families to the best places? It is genuinely hard to know．C．I am about to make things more complicated by suggesting that what kind of facility an older person lives in may matter less than we have assumed．And that the characteristics adult children look for when they begin the search are not necessarily the things that make a difference to the people who are going to move in．I am nottalking about the quality of care，let me hastily add．Nobody flourishes in a gloomy environment with irresponsible staff and a poor safety record．But an accumulating body of research indicates that some distinctions between one type of elder care and another have little real bearing on how well residents do．D．The most recent of these studies，published in The Journal of Applied Gerontology，surveyed 150 Connecticut residents of assisted living，nursing homes and smaller residential care homes (known in some states as board and care homes or adult care homes)．Researchers from the University of Connecticut Health Center asked the residents a large number of questions about their quality of life, emotional well-being and social interaction，as well as about the quality of the facilities．E．“We thought we would see differences based on the housing types,” said the lead author of the study, Julie Robison, an associate professor of medicine at the university．A reasonable assumption-don’t families struggle to avoid nursing homes and suffer real guilt if they can’t?F．In the initial results，assisted living residents did paint the most positive picture．They were less likely to report symptoms of depression than those in the other facilities，for instance，and less likely to be bored or lonely．They scored higher on social interaction．G．But when the researchers plugged in a number of other variables, such differences disappeared. It is not the housing type, they found, that creates differences in residents’responses．“It is the characteristics of the specific environment they are in, combined with their own personal characteristics-how healthy they feel they are，their age and marital status，”Dr．Robison explained．Whether residents felt involved in the decision to move and how long they had lived there also proved significant．H．An elderly person who describes herself as in poor health, therefore, might be no less depressed in assisted living (even if her children preferred it)than in a nursing home. A person who had input into where he would move and has had time to adapt to it might do as well in a nursing home as in a small residential care home, other factors being equal. It is an interaction between the person and the place, not the sort of place in itself, that leads to better or worse experiences. “You can’t just say,‘Let’s put this person in a residential care home instead of a nursing home—she will be much better off,’”Dr．Robison said．What matters, she added, “is a combination of what people bring in with them, and what they find there.”I．Such findings, which run counter to common sense, have surfaced before. In a multi-state study of assisted living, for instance, University of North Carolina researchers found that a host of variables---the facility’s type, size or age；whether a chain owned it；how attractive the neighborhood was---had no significant relationship to how the residents fared in terms of illness, mental decline, hospitalizations or mortality. What mattered most was the residents’ physical health and mental status．What people were like when they came in had greater consequence than what happened once they were there．J．As l was considering all this, a press release from a respected research firm crossed my desk, announcing that the five-star rating system that Medicare developed in 2008 to help families compare nursing home quality also has little relationship to how satisfied its residents or their family members are. As a matter of fact, consumers expressed higher satisfaction with the one-star facilities, the lowest rated, than with the five-star ones. (More on this study and the star ratings will appear in a subsequent post.)K．Before we collectively tear our hair out—how are we supposed to find our way in a landscape this confusing?一here is a thought from Dr．Philip Sloane，a geriatrician (老年病学专家) at the University of North Carolina：“In a way, that could be liberating for families.”L．Of course, sons and daughters want to visit the facilities, talk to the administrators and residents and other families, and do everything possible to fulfill their duties. But perhaps they don’t have to tum themselves into private investigators or Congressional subcommittees. “Families can look a bit more for where the residents are going to be happy,” Dr. Sloane said. And involving the future resident in the process can be very important．M．We all have our own ideas about what would bring our parents happiness．They have their ideas，too．A friend recently took her mother to visit an expensive assisted living nursing home near my town. I have seen this place—it is elegant，inside and out．But nobody greeted the daughter and mother when they arrived, though the visit had been planned; nobody introduced them to the other residents. When they had lunch in the dining room, they sat alone at a table.N．The daughter feared her mother would be ignored there, and so she decided to move her into a more welcoming facility. Based on what is emerging from some of this research, that might have been as rational a way as any to reach a decision.36．Many people feel guilty when they cannot find a place other than a nursing for their parents．37．Though it helps for children to investigate care facilities, involving their parents in the decision-making process may prove very important．38．It is really difficult to tell if assisted living is better than a nursing home．39．How a resident feels depends on an interaction between themselves and the care facility they live in．40．The author thinks her friend made a rational decision in choosing a more hospitable place over an apparently elegant assisted living home．41．The system Medicare developed to rate nursing home quality is of little help to finding a satisfactory place．42．At first the researchers of the most recent study found residents in assisted living facilities gave higher scores on social interaction．43．What kind of care facility old people live in may be less important than we think．44．The findings of the latest research were similar to an earlier multi-state study of assisted living．45．A resident’s satisfaction with a care facility has much to do with whether they had participated in the decision to move in and how long they had stayed there．Section CDirections：There are 2 passages in this section．Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements．For each of them there are four choices marked A，B，C and D．You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre．Passage OneQuestions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage．As Artificial Intelligence (AI) becomes increasingly sophisticated, there are growing concerns that robots could become a threat. This danger can be avoided, according to computer science professor Stuart Russell, if we figure out how to turn human values into a programmable code．Russell argues that as robots take on more complicated tasks, it's necessary to translate our morals into AI language．For example, if a robot does chores around the house, you wouldn’t want it to put the pet cat in the oven to make dinner for the hungry children. “You would want that robot preloaded with a good set of values,”said Russell．Some robots are already programmed with basic human values. For example, mobile robots have been programmed to keep a comfortable distance from humans. Obviously there are cultural differences, but if you were talking to another person and they came up close in your personal space, you wouldn’t think that’s the k ind of thing a properly brought-up person would do．It will be possible to create more sophisticated moral machines, if only we can find a way to set out human values as clear rules．Robots could also learn values from drawing patterns from large sets of data on human behavior. They are dangerous only if programmers are careless．The biggest concern with robots going against human values is that human beings fail to do sufficient testing and they’ve produ ced a system that will break some kind of taboo (禁忌)．One simple check would be to program a robot to check the correct course of action with a human when presented with an unusual situation．If the robot is unsure whether an animal is suitable for the microwave, it has the opportunity to stop, send out beeps (嘟嘟声), and ask for directions from a human. If we humans aren’t quite sure about a decision, we go and ask somebody else．The most difficult step in programming values will be deciding exactly what we believe is moral, and how to create a set of ethical rules. But if we come up with an answer, robots could be good for humanity．46．What does the author say about the threat of robots?A．It may constitute a challenge to computer programmers．B．It accompanies all machinery involving high technology．C．It Can be avoided if human values are translated into their language．D．It has become an inevitable peril as technology gets more sophisticated．47．What would we think of a person who invades our personal space according to the author?A．They are aggressive．B．They are outgoing．C．They are ignorant．D．They are ill-bred．48．How do robots learn human values?A．By interacting with humans in everyday life situations．B．By following the daily routines of civilized human beings．C．By picking up patterns from massive data on human behavior．D．By imitating the behavior of properly brought-up human beings．49．What will a well-programmed robot do when facing an unusual situation?A．Keep a distance from possible dangers．B．Stop to seek advice from a human being．C．Trigger its built-in alarm system at once．D．Do sufficient testing before taking action．50．What is most difficult to do when we turn human values into a programmable code?A．Determine what is moral and ethical．B．Design some large-scale experiments．C．Set rules for man-machine interaction．D．Develop a more sophisticated program．Passage TwoQuestions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage．Why do some people live to be older than others? You know the standard explanations: keeping a moderate diet, engaging in regular exercise, etc. But what effect does your personality have on your longevity (长寿)? Do some kinds of personalities lead to longer lives? A new study in the Journal of the American Geriatrics Society looked at this question by examining the personality characteristics of 246 children of people who had lived to be at least 100.The study shows that those living the longest are more outgoing, more active and less neurotic (神经质的) than other people. Long-living women are also more likely to be sympathetic and cooperative than women with a normal life span. These findings are in agreement with what you would expect from the evolutionary theory: those who like to make friends and help others can gather enough resources to make it through tough times.Interestingly, however, other characteristics that you might consider advantageous had no impact on whether study participants were likely to live longer. Those who were more self-disciplined, for instance, were no more likely to live to be very old. Also, being open to new ideas had no relationship to long life, which might explain all those bad-tempered old people who are fixed in their ways．Whether you can successfully change your personality as an adult is the subject of a longstandingpsychological debate. But the new paper suggests that if you want long life, you should strive to be as outgoing as possible．Unfortunately, another recent study shows that your mother’s personality may also help determine your longevity. That study looked at nearly 28,000 Norwegian mothers and found that those moms who were more anxious, depressed and angry were more likely to feed their kids unhealthy diets. Patterns of childhood eating can be hard to break when we’re adults, which may mean that kids of depressed moms end up dying younger．Personality isn’t destiny (命运), and everyone knows that individuals can learn to change. But both studies show that long life isn’t just a matter of your physical health but of ,your mental health．51．The aim of the study in the Journal of the American Geriatrics Society is ．A．to see whether people’s personality affect s their life spanB．to find out if one’s lifestyle has any effect on their healthC．to investigate the role of exercise in living a long lifeD．to examine all the factors contributing to longevity52．What does the author imply about outgoing and sympathetic people?A．They have a good understanding of evolution．B．They are better at negotiating an agreement．C．They generally appear more resourceful．D．They are more likely to get over hardship．53．What finding of the study might prove somewhat out of our expectation?A．Easy-going people can also live a relatively long life．B．Personality characteristics that prove advantageous actually vary with times．C．Such personality characteristics as self-discipline have no effect on longevity.D．Readiness to accept new ideas helps one enjoy longevity．54．What does the recent study of Norwegian mothers show?A．Children’s personality characteristics are invariably determined by their mothers·B．People with unhealthy eating habits are likely to die sooner．C．Mothers’ influence on children may last longer than fathers’．D．Mothers’ negative personality characteristics may affect their children’s life spans.55．What can we learn from the findings of the two new studies?A．Anxiety and depression more often than not cut short one’s life span．B．Longevity results from a combination of mental and physical health．C．Personality plays a decisive role in how healthy one is．D．Health is in large part related to one’s lifestyle．Part Ⅳ Translation (30 minutes) Directions：For this part you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2．乌镇是浙江的一座古老水镇，坐落在京杭大运河畔。
2016年大学英语四级真题(第三套)完美Word打印版
Directions：In this section，there is a passage with ten blanks．You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage．Read the passage through carefully before making your choices．Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter．Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre．You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once．
Part ⅡListening Comprehension(25 minutes)
说明：2016年6月四级真题全国共考了两套听力。本套（即第三套）的听力内容与第二套的完全一样，只是选项的顺序不一样而已，故在本套中不再重复给出。
Part Ⅲ Reading Comprehension(40 minutes)
D．The most recent of these studies，published in The Journal of Applied Gerontology，surveyed 150 Connecticut residents of assisted living，nursing homes and smaller residential care homes(known in some states as board and care homes or adult care homes)．Researchers from the University of Connecticut Health Center asked the residents a large number of questions about their quality of life，emotional well-being and social interaction，as well as about the quality of the facilities．