英文写作术语大全(中英文对照)

英文写作术语大全（中英文对照）abstract words 抽象词acknowledgement 致谢active voice 主动语态affirmative sentence 肯定句agent 施动者alliteration 头韵ambiguity 歧义American English 美式英语analogy 类比analytic expression 分析型表达anastrophe 词语倒装法anticlimax order 突降法anti-rhetorical 反修辞antithesis 对照\对偶antonomasia 换称antonym 反义词apostrophe 撇号(即')appositive 同位语archaic words 古词argumentation 议论文argumentative writing 议论文写作article 冠词ascending order 递增法association 联想attitude 态度audience 听众awkwardness 拙劣balanced sentence 平衡句base 词根beginning 开头beginning paragraph 开头段落between sentences 句际bibliography 书目big words 大词block contrast 批对比法body 主体bookish verbs 学究式动词brainstorming 头脑风暴法brevity 简练British English 英式英语broken sentence 破碎句capitalization 用大写case study 案例分析casual style 非正式文体causal analysis 因果分析cause-effect development 由因到果发展法central thought 中心思想Chinese interference 中文干扰Chinglish 中国式英语choice of words 选词choppy sentence 断续句循环圆周结构circumlocutory 兜圈子的clarity 明晰classical rhetoric 古典修辞模式classification 分类发展法clear reference of pronoun 代词前指明晰clear sentence 意义明晰句cliché陈词滥调climax order 递增顺序clipped words 词省略拼法closing paragraph 结尾段落coherence 连贯coherent 连贯的cohesion 粘着性cohesive device 粘着手段collective noun 集体名词collocation 搭配colloquial 口语化的colloquial context 口语语境colloquialism 口语化colon 冒号combination 句子合并组合法comma 逗号common words 普通词常用语communication means 交际手段comparison 比较法Complete essay checklist 作品核查项目单complete sentence 完整句complex sentence 复杂句complimentary close 结尾套语compound sentence 复合句复杂复合句conceptual repetition 概念重复法concise 简洁conclusion 结论concrete illustration 具体阐明concrete words 实义词confusing sentence 意义混乱句conjunction 连词connective 联系词connotation 内涵connotative meaning 内涵意义conscious logic 逻辑意识consistency 一致性consistent diction 选词一致性consonant 辅音consultative style 商谈体content 内容context 语境contraction 省略contrast 对比法controlling idea 主要思想，conversion 词性转换表达法co-occurrence 共现coordinating conjunction 复合句连词coordination 复合correlation 相关性corrupt English 迂腐英语cross-cultural writing 跨文化写作culture 文化curriculum vitae 简历dangling modifier 悬垂修饰语dash 破折号dateline 写信日期栏declarative sentence 陈述句deduction 演绎法deductive 演绎逻辑的deductive argumentation 演绎论证definite article 定冠词definition 定义法denotation 外延denotative meaning 外延意义descending order 递降顺序description 描写descriptive 描述性的descriptive writing 描写文development 发展diagram 图表说明diction 选词differentiation 区别digressive 跑题、离题的，印象法描写的直接法direct thinking pattern 直接了当的思维模式directions 题义指令discourse pattern 篇章模式distance from tone 语调产生距离，偏离计划主题division 分析分类法documenting the paper 论文引证domesticating strategy 归化战略domestication 归化法drably 表达干巴draft 草稿effect-cause development 由果到因发展法effective paragraph 表述有力的段落effective sentence 表达有力的句子effective variety 表达有力的变化egalitarian (思维)平等化elaboration 进一步详尽阐述electronic news media 电子新闻媒体embedding structure 内嵌结构emotional coloring 感情色彩emphasis 强调emphatic phrases 强调性短语emphatic structure 强调性结构emphatic words 强调性词语ending 结尾ending paragraph 结尾段落English thinking 英语思维English thinking characters 英语思维特征English thinking pattern 英语思维模式enumeration 列举法epigrammatic effect 隽语效果establish context 确立语境establish rapport 建立沟通基础euphemism 委婉语evaluating information 评估材料evidence 证据exclamation mark 感叹号exclamatory sentence 感叹句exemplification 举例法expected functions （信件的）期望交际功能expletive 虚词\填充词explicit language 明示的语言explicitness 明示性exposition 阐述文\议论文expository writing 议论文写作expounding 解释详细说明expressionism 表现主义fallacy in argumentation 论证谬误familiar 熟悉的faulty parallelism 错误平行feedback 反馈fiery language 情绪激动的语言figure of speech 修辞filler words 填充词first draft 第一稿first-person point of view 第一人称flashback 倒叙focus 中心foreignization 外化法foreignizing strategy 外化战略formal 正式的formal letter 正式信函formal repetition 形式重复法formal style 正式文体formal words 正式体词语formulating thesis statement 写作主题句four-character expression (汉语)四字成语fragmental sentence 破碎句free choice 自由选择frequency of usage 使用频率frozen expressions 极正式用语frozen style 极正式文体full spelling 完全拼法full stop 句号fullness (段落发展)充分性general connotation 普遍内涵意义general pattern 常见形式general words 一般词汇generalization 概括法general-specific pattern 由概括到具体发展模式genres 风格、体裁gobbledygook 官样文章、冗长费解的语言grammatical devices 语法技巧grammaticality 符合语法性heading 信头historical association 历史联想hyperbole 夸张法hyphen 分号hyphenated words 用连字号连接的词hyponymy 下义关系hyponym 下义词ideographic synonym 相对近义词idiom 成语idiomatic usage 习惯用法illustration 佐证imperative sentence 祈使句impersonal 非个性化的、客观的implicit language 含蓄语言implicitness 含蓄implied meaning 隐含意义impressionistic description 印象描写法indefinite article 不定冠词indent 行缩进in-depth analysis 深度分析individual words 独立个体词individualistic 个性化induction 归纳法inductive 归纳法的inductive argumentation 归纳法论证法inductive reasoning 归纳法论证infinitive mark 不定式标记inflexible and explicit logic 刚性显性逻辑informal 非正式的informal letter 非正式信函information focus 信息中心information missing 信息遗漏informative 提供信息的、提供知识的innuendo 讽刺、暗指inside address 信内地址interpretation of examples 对例子的诠释interpretative reporting 诠释性报告interrogative sentence 疑问句interrupting expressions 插入短语intimate 亲密intimate style 亲密体inverted pyramid form 倒金字塔形式inverted word order 词序颠倒法involved modifiers 复杂修饰语involved sentence 意义复杂句irony 反语jargon 行话journalese 新闻体journalistic writing 新闻写作justify the significance 论证意义keep to the point 紧扣主题key words 关键词lack of inflection 缺少词形变化language problem 语言问题learned words 学术用词lengthy passage 过长段落letter 信函levels of usage 用法层次lexical reference 句法前指法lexical stylistic devices 句法风格技巧line shifting 换行linear thinking pattern 线形思维模式listing 列举literal meaning 字面意义literary context 文学性语境literary works 文学作品literature review 文献回顾litotes 反语法、间接肯定法、曲言法locating information 搜索定位材料logical paragraphing 逻辑分段法logical thinking modes 逻辑思维模式，逻辑词逻辑短语logicalness 逻辑性long sentence 长句loose sentence 松散句loss of style 偏离一贯的风格main body 主体main idea 主要思想main point 要点manuscript 手稿、原稿margin 页边距materials collecting 材料搜集materials sorting 材料析选maxim of manner 方式次则maxim of quality 质量次则maxim of quantity 数量次则maxim of relevance 相关次则meaning 意义means 手段mechanical English 缺乏灵活的英语message 信息messy 混乱metaphor 隐喻metonymy 借代midget words 小词、常用词militant tone 态度强硬的语调misplaced modifier 错位修饰语modifier 修饰语monotony 单调mood 语态mood shifting 语态转换mouth-filler 口头禅narration 叙述体narrative 叙述体的narrative writing 叙述体写作nature of English language 英语语言本质neat 整洁negative meaning 负面意义negative sentence 否定句newly coined words 新撰词news report 新闻报道news report top-heavy 新闻报道的头重模式nominalization 名词化non-literature works 非文学作品nonrestrictive clause 非限制性从句nonrestrictive phrase 非限制性短语nonverbal language 非言语语言（手势、表情等）noun-oriented sentence 倾向名词化的句子novel 小说number 数number shifting 数的转换objective description 客观描写obscurity 意义不明on equal footing （写作风格）平等化one-sentence paragraph 一句段落onomatopoeia 拟声词opening paragraph 开头段落organization 组织outline 提纲oxymoron 矛盾修饰法padded expression 兜圈子的表达parady 仿拟paragraph 段落独立实体的段落paragraph development 段落发展法paragraphing 分段法parallel structure 平行结构parallelism 平行结构parentheses 插入语\圆括弧parenthetical expressions 插入语passive sentence 被动句period 句号periodic sentence 圆周句person 人称person shifting 人称转换personal 个体化的personal connotation 对个体而言的内涵意义personal letter 个人信函personification 拟人化persuasive writing 劝服性写作、以劝说为目的的写作phonetic stylistic device 语音风格技巧phrasal verbs 短语动词plain sentence 相对修辞句的平白句plantification 拟物point 意义点point of view 观点point-by-point contrast 逐点对比polite 礼貌体的poor English 英语表达力贫乏的positional relation 位置相关positivist-empirical 经验实证性power of communication 沟通力practical writing 应用文写作precise word 表达精确的词汇precision 精确prefix 前缀preparatory reading 写作预备阅读preposition 介词presenting ideas 阐述观点prewriting 写作前printed name of the sender 印刷体写信人姓名printed news media 印刷体新闻媒体problem-solution 提出问题-解决问题的模式process 程序法pronoun 代词pronoun shifting 代词转换proofread 校对proper names 专有名词public （语篇系统特征）公开性pun 双关语punctuation 标点punctuation mark 标点符号purposefulness 目的性Queen's English 标准英语question mark 问号quotation 引用quotation mark 引号quoted speech 引语reader 读者readers-oriented 读者为中心的reader-responsible 读者文责的reasoning 论证redundant collocation 多余搭配reference line 参考行register 语域句际关系relative noun 关系名词relative synonym 相对近义词repetition 重复repetition of structure 结构重复法report writing 报告写作research paper writing 研究报告写作restatement 重申法resume 个人简历return address 回信地址returning to the beginning 照应开头法revise 修改rhetoric 修辞rhetoric of sentence 句子修辞rhetorical analogy 修辞类比rhetorical question 反问句rhetorical words 华丽用语round character 性格充分体现的人物roundabout style 迂回风格run-on sentence “连环”句salutation 称呼语sample 样本sarcasm 讽刺semicolon 分号sentencing 组句setting 场景shades of meaning 隐含义short preposition 短介词short sentence 短句short story 短篇故事signature 签名simile 明喻simple English 简明英语simple sentence 简单句simple words 简单词sincerity 真诚性singleness of purpose 目的唯一性situation 情景situationally appropriate 于情景贴切的slang 俚语social association 社会联想special terms 特殊术语specific words 具体词汇speech 口头言语spelling 拼写stage 步骤法statistics 数据法strength of meaning 意义力度strength of word 词语力度stringy sentence “连环”句structural behavior 结构行为style 风格、文体style is the man 风格即人style makes sense 风格即成意义stylistic coloring 文体色彩stylistic label 文体标记stylistic reference 文体照应stylistic synonym 风格近义词stylistically appropriate 于文体贴切的sub-ideas 次思想subject 主题subject line 主题行subject-oriented 以主题为中心的subject-verb agreement 主谓一致subordination 句子从属组合法subsidiary points 副观点substantial verb 实义动词substitution 替代法sub-topics 副主题suffix 后缀summary 摘要superordinate 上义词，高级词suspense 悬念syllable 音节syllogism 三段论、演绎推理symbolic 符号的synaesthesia 通感，同感synecdoche 提喻synonym 近义词syntactical stylistic device 句法风格技巧synthetic expression 综合型表达systematic 系统性tense shifting 时的转换terse passage 简练的行文test writing 应试写作textual distribution 文稿布局the right style 合适的风格theme 主题third-person point of view 第三人称timed writing 限时作文title writing 标题写作to preach 训导式、说教式to reason 讲道理、逻辑论证tone 语调tones of voice 语气topic 话题topic sentence 主题句transferred epithet/ hypallage 移就transition 过渡transitional mark 过渡标记transitional techniques 过渡技巧truthfulness 真实性types of characters 人物性格类别ungrammaticality 不符合语法性unity 统一性unnatural shifting 不自然转换usage 用法variation 趋势分析variety 多样化verbal language 言语语言verbalization 动词化verb-oriented sentence 倾向动词化的句子vigor 力度vividness 生动vocabulary 词汇vogue slang 流行俚语vowel 元音vulgar words 平民词语word class 词类word division 断词法word order 词序word power 单词表达力wordiness 多话、罗嗦wordy 罗嗦的writer-responsible 作者文责的writer's purpose 作者目的writing 写作writing attitudes 写作态度writing process 写作过程writing purpose 写作目的zero affix 零缀\词性转换法zero derivation 零缀\词性转换法。