必修一一英语阅读理解试题(科技类)

(1)The computer is a useful machine. It is the most important invention in many years. The oldest kind of computer is the abacus(算盘), used in China centuries ago, but the first large, modern computer was built in 1946. A computer then could do maths problems quite fast.Today computers are used in many ways and can do many kinds of work. In a few years the computer may touch the life of everyone, even people in faraway villages.In the last few years, there have been great changes in computers. They are getting smaller and smaller, and computing faster and faster, Many scientists agree that computers can now do many things, but they cannot do everything. Who knows what the computers of tomorrow will be like? Will computers bring good things or bad things to people? The scientists of today will have to decide how to use the computers of tomorrow.1. The computer is a _______ machine.A. helpfulB. strangeC. largeD. dangerous2. The first large, modern computer was built about _______ years ago.A. a fewB. fortyC. sixtyD. eighty3. The computers of today are _______ than before.A. biggerB. fewerC. smallerD. taller4. Computers can do _______.A. everythingB. anythingC. nothingD. lots of things5. The scientists of today _______ how to use the computers of tomorrow.A. may decideB. must decideC. can makeD. needn’t make(2)Warm water freezes more quickly than cold water. Sir Francis Bacon said that almost four hundred years ago. But few people believed him until 1970. In that year a Canadian scientist George Kill proved the English professor was right. Dr Kill filled an open oil pail(桶) with cold water. He filled another with warm water. He put both in the same low temperature. The warm water froze first. The lack of covers on the pails is the secret. Some of the warm water changed into vapor. This meant that less of the warm water was left to be frozen. And so the warm water froze faster than the cold water even though it had a greater temperature drop to make.1. Hundreds of years ago, Sir Francis Bacon found _______.A. the temperature of warm water drops faster than that of cold waterB. warm water is heavier than cold waterC. warm water has the same temperature as cold waterD. warm water is not as useful as cold water2. What Sir Francis Bacon said was right, but people didn't believe him until _______.A. late in the 20th centuryB. early in the 20th centuryC. three years agoD. late in the 19th century3. Leave a pail with warm water and another pail w ith cold water in the same low temperature, you’ll find that _______.A. cold water freezes firstB. warm water turns into ice before cold waterC. warm water and cold water freeze at the same timeD. much of cold water is changed into air.4. Why does warm water freeze first in the same freezing weather?A. Because some of the warm water turns to vapor, the amount(数量) becomes less than that of cold water.B. Because warm water is lighter than cold water.C. Because the temperature of warm water is lower than that of cold water.D. Because cold water freezes with more difficulty than warm water.(3)If you do not use your arm or your legs for some time, they become weak; when you start using them again, they slowly become strong again. Everybody knows that. Yet many people do not seem to know that memory works in the same way. When someone says that he has a good memory, he really means that he keeps his memory in practice by using it. When someone else says that his memory is poor, he really means that he does not give it enough chance to become strong. If a friend says that his arms and legs are weak, we know that it is his own fault(过错). But if he tells us that he has a poor memory, many of us think that his parents are to blame(受责备), and few of us know that it is just his own fault. Have you ever found that some people can’t read or write but usually they have better memories? This is because they cannot read or write and they have to remember things; they cannot write down in a little notebook. They have to remember days, names, songs and stories; so their memory is the whole time being exercised. So if you want to have a good memory, learn from the people: Practice remembering.1. The main reason for one is poor memory is that _______.A. his father or mother may have a poor memory C. his memory is not often usedB. He does not use his name or legs for some time D. he can’t read or write2. If you do not use your arms or legs for some time _______.A. you can’t use them any moreB. they will become strongerC. they become weak and won’t become strong until you use them again.D. they will become neither stronger nor weaker3. Which of the following is NOT true?A. Your memory works in the same way as your arms or legs.B. Your me mory, like your arms or legs, becomes weak if you don’t give it enough chance for practice.C. Don’t learn how to read and write if you want to have a better memory.D. A good memory comes from more practice.4. Some people can’t read or write, but they us ually have better memories, because _______.A. they have save much troubleB. they have saved much time to remember thingsC. they have to use their memories all the timeD. they can’t write everything in a little notebook5. Which is the best title for this passage?A. Don’t Stop Using Your Arms Or LegsB. How To Have a Good MemoryC. Strong Arms And Good MemoriesD. Learn From the People(4)When Johnson called again, the manager received him very politely. “That is a most remarkable oil yo u brought us, Mr Johnson,” he said. Johnson nodded his smooth, dark head. That was something he knew very well. “I’ve never seen anything like it,” the manager admitted. Johnson nodded again. “No?” he said politely. Then he added, “But I think you will, sir. A very great deal of it.” He appeared to think for a moment. “I think you will find it will be on sale seven, perhaps, eight years from now.” He smiled.The manager thought that was uncertain. He said, “It is better than our fish oils. I admit that.”“So I am told, sir,” agreed Johnson.“Have you any plans to produce it yourself, Mr Johnson?”“Would I be showing it to you if I had?” Johnson smiled again.“We might add some chemicals to one of our own fish oils,” said the manager. “It would be expensi ve to do that, even if you could,” Johnson said gently. “Besides,” he added, “I am told that this oil will be much cheaper than your best fish oils. Cheaper than any vegetable oil, in fact.”“Perhaps,” said the manage. “Well, I suppose you want to make an arrangement, Mr Johnson. Shall we discuss it?”“Of course,” said Johnson. “There are two ways of dealing with a situation of this sort. The usual one is to prevent it altogether or at least to delay it as long as possible. That is, of course, the best wa y.” The manager nodded. He knew plenty about all that.“But I am so sorry for you, because, you see, that is not possible this time.” The manager had his doubts,but all he said was an inquiring(asking), “Oh?”“The other way,” continued Johnson, “is to produce yourself before the trouble starts.”1. The manager thought of adding chemicals to the fish oil to make it _______.A. cheaper than the new oilB. more quicklyC. more expensiveD. as good as the new oil2. Johnson’s new oil would be _______.A. more expensive than fish oil, but betterB. less expensive, and betterC. less expensive, but not goodD. more expensive, and not so good3. Johnson expressed his regret that the manager _______.A. could not stop the new oil being madeB. would never know how to make itC. had spent a lot of money on itD. didn’t know enough about it4. Johnson showed his new oil to the manager because he wanted _______.A. to produce it himselfB. to prevent it being producedC. to be paid not to produce itD. the manager to produce it(5)Can you remember the first time you learned to ride a bike or drive a car? Learning these skills changed your life forever and opened up new horizons. Learning about computers can be like learning how to ride a bike or drive a car. Once you have invested the time to master the skills, you will never go back to the old days. The new technology is simply too convenient and too powerful.Technological developments through the years have enabled us to do more with less effort. We have continuously looked for better ways of doing things. Each invention and new development has allowed us to extend our capabilities. Today we see one of the most dramatic technologies ever developed—the computer. It extends the capabilities of our minds.Computers have saved organizations millions of dollars. Furthermore, these same computer systems have opened up new opportunities that would have gone undiscovered or neglected. The computer may multiply what we can do, and the return on investment is high. The growth of computer usage is surprising. On the other hand, the computer can do serious damage. Invasion of privacy(侵犯隐私), fraud(欺诈), and computer-related mistakes are just a few shocking examples.The computer is like a double-edged sword. It has the ability to cut us free from some activities, but it can also cut deep into profits, personal privacy, and our society in general. How it is used is not a function of technology. It is strictly a function of how people decide to use or misuse this new technology. The choice is yours, and only through a knowledge of computer systems will you be able to avoid the dangers while enjoying the many, many benefits of the computer age.1. The writer thinks learning about computers is like learning how to ride a bike or drive a car because _______.A. it is simple and practicalB. it needs a lot of practiceC. it leads people to new life experiencesD. it takes much time to master the skills2. According to the passage, computers bring people the following benefits except _______.A. avoiding mistakesB. saving moneyC. making moneyD. opening up opportunities3. According to the writer, the bad effects of computers can be avoided if we _______.A. have sound knowledge of computer systemsB. tell people not to misuse computersC. have strict rules over the use of computersD. make more investments in the technology4. This passage is probably written for _______.A. computersB. computer producersC. computer learnersD. computer programmers(6)Perhaps you have heard a lot about the Internet, but what is it, do you know? The Internet is a network. It uses the telephone to join millions of computers together around the world.Ma ybe that doesn’t sound very interesting. But when you’ve joined to the Internet, there are lots and lots of things you can do. You can send E-mails to your friends, and they can get them in a few seconds. You can also do with all kinds of information on the World Wide Web (WWW).There are many different kinds of computers now. They all can be joined to the Internet. Most of them are small machines sitting on people’s desks at home, but there are still many others in schools, offices or large companies. These computers are owned by people and companies, but no one really owns the Internet itself.There are lots of places for you to go into the Internet. For example, your school may have the Internet. You can use it during lessons or free time. Libraries often have computers joined to the Internet. You are welcome to use it at only time.Thanks to the Internet, the world is becoming smaller and smaller. It is possible for you to work at home with a computer in front, getting and sending the information you need. You can buy or sell whatever you want by the Internet. But do you know 98% of the information on the Internet is in English? So what will English be like tomorrow?1. What is the passage mainly about?A. Internet.B. Information.C. Computers.D. E-mails.2. Which is the quickest and cheapest way to send messages to your friends?A. By post.B. By E-mail.C. By telephone.D. By satellite.3. Which may be the most possible place for people to work in tomorrow?A. In the office.B. At school.C. At home.D. In the company.4. Whose the owner of the Internet?A. The headmaster.B. The officer.C. The user.D. No one.5. What does the writer try to tell us with the last two sentences?A. English is important in using the Internet.B. the Internet is more and more popular.C. Most of the information is in English.D. Every computer must have the Internet.(7)In most towns today, you can see teenagers standing over electronic machines with flashing lights, shooting at spaceships from other planets and dropping bombs on strange monsters(恶魔). The machines have names like Space Warrior, Dark Invader and so on. It used to be believed that damage was done only to those strange visitors from outer space, but now it seems that they are striking back.Many teenagers like electronic games so much that they can’t stop playing. They spend hours tightly holding the joystick controls and constantly pressing buttons marked “fire”. They develop pains on their fingers because of the constant pressure. They play and play that the pains have no chance to cure properly. The rapid wrist movement required to guide the spaceship across the screen causes another problem: The muscles of the wrist and arm become so inflamed and swollen(充血红肿) that they press against the bones. This condition is what doctors now call “Space Warrior’s Wrist”.Other strange aches and pains also are likely to affect the elbows and shoulders.Another even more alarming problem is shown by the case of a 17-year-old girl which was recently reported in the British Medical Journal. She had been playing various kinds of electronic games for more than two hours a day. Her father repaired games and machines and she could use the cassettes and systems in his workshop as often as she liked. One day, after playing a game called Dark Invader, she lost consciousness(晕倒) and fell to the floor.Doctors who examined her found she was suffering from an unusual illness caused by lights flashing at a particular frequency.1. Electronic games are found very popular with _______.A. people living in townsB. students studying in high schoolsC. girls working in their father’s workshopsD. young people2. “Space Warrior’s Wrist” is caused by _______.A. constantly pressing the buttonsB. rapidly moving across the screenC. tightly holding the joystick controlsD. inflamed and swollen muscles of the wrist3. The case of a 17-year-old girl given by the writer shows that the writer _______.A. supports playing electronic gamesB. feels very sorry for the girlC. disagreed with young people’s playing electronic gamesD. feels worried about young people’s poor health4. From the passage we can conclude that playing electronic games is _______.A. enjoyable and helpful to the studyB. exciting but harmful to the health and studyC. interesting but harmless to the eyesD. amusing and satisfying(8)Experiments aboard the spaceship Columbia have disproved a theory on the human nervous system which won an Austrian professor a Nobel prize 79 years ago.West German astronaut Ulf Merbold disproved the theory during tests aboard the spaceship yesterday. His discovery is connected with the workings of the inner ear, the body’s balance mechanism(机制).In l914 Professor Robert Barany won the Nobel prize for Physiology(生理学) and Medicine when he announced that temperature differences affected the inner ear and caused the eyes to blink(眨眼). His theory was accepted by scientists.But Merbold carried out tests to find if the theory was correct and shocked himself and space officials when he proved it wrong.According to Barany’s theory the eyes would blink when cold air was blown into one ear and hot air blown into the other.But if this theory was correct such a movement would be impossible in zero gravity.Both Merbold’s eyes continually blinked when the test was carried out.1. Tests were carried out in outer space in order to _______.A. find what causes the eyes to blinkB. shock the worldC. prove the theoryD. disprove the theory2. Barany’s theory declared to prove _______.A. how our hearing mechanism worksB. why we constantly move our eyesC. that eye movement is affected by temperatureD. how hearing reacts(反应)3. Barany’s theory was proved incorrect in space b y the effects of _______.A. having no weightB. having no airC. the pull of gravityD. hot and cold air streams(9)Scientists are developing a new kind of machine to take the place of humans. These machines can do jobs in places that are too dangerous for humans. For example, they are being developed to work in nuclear power center, deep under the oceans and in outer space.John Marrit, a psychologist(心理学家) in Williamsburg Massachusetts, helped develop the new machine. This is how they work. A machine is placed in an area far away from the person who operates it. The person wears special hard hat with television screens and sound equipment. The screens and sound equipment let the person see and hear exactly what the machine is seeing and hearing. Mr. Marrit says this gives the person the feeling of being in the same place as the machine. The idea, he says, is being there without going there. The person uses an electronic control to make the machine move. The machine copies the person’s movements exactly. If the person raises his right arm, the machine raises the right arm, too. This means an expert can do a dangerous job while staying in the safe place. For example, a person can direct the machine to destroy a bomb without going near the bomb himself.1. The new kind of machine being introduced in the passage is _______.A. in existenceB. only an ideaC. being tried outD. being researched and developed2. The machine _______.A. follows the person’s orderB. is controlled by a computerC. does exactly what the person doesD. is controlled by a television on the person’s head3. The difference between such a new machine and a robot is that _______.A. the new machine is more difficult to make than a robotB. the new machine is more difficult to be controlledC. a robot is controlled by man indirectlyD. a robot can’t be used in places too dangerous or faraway(10)HoneybeesHoneybees can do three kinds of jobs.The honeybee is one of the most unusual insects in the world. Bees are special because they divide up their work. Each bee has a certain job to do.The busiest bee is the worker. Workers build the nest, called a hive. Inside the hive, workers make a honeycomb from wax(蜂蜡). They store honey there for food. Workers are always cleaning and fixing the hive. They even stand at the opening and fan their wings to cool the hive. Worker bees will attack anything—even people—to keep their hive safe.Another kind of bee is the drone(雄蜂). Drones are male bees, and their job is to fly with the queen bee and mate with her. After the queen mates, the worker bees drive the drones away. The drones then starve to death.The third kind of bee is the queen. Each hive needs only one queen, and her job is laying eggs. She can lay as many as 2, 000 eggs a day.1. The bee’s nest is called a _______.A. droneB. honeycombC. hiveD. wax2. Wax is used to make the _______.A. nestB. honeycombC. fanD. hive3. Which jobs do workers do?A. They lay 2, 000 eggs each day and build a nest.B. They mate with the queen bee and then starve.C. They clean the hive and keep it cool.D. They attack the queen bee.4. According to the story, bees _______.A. are very dangerous insectsB. will attack anything or anyone to protect the hive, if necessaryC. are like any other insect that fliesD. eat each other as food5. The drone is driven away when its job is finished, because _______.A. it attacked the workersB. it is no longer needed in the hiveC. the queen bee has diedD. it ate the queen bee(11)American doctors say that mothers who smoke cigarettes before their babies are born may slow the growth of their babies’ lungs. They say reduced lung growth could cause the babies to suffer bre athing problems and lung disease later in life. Doctors in Boston, Massachusetts studied 1 100 children. The mothers of some of the children smoked, the other mothers did not. Doctors found that the lungs of the children whose mothers smoked were 8% less developed than the lungs of the children whose mothers did not smoke, and that the children whose mothers smoked developed 20% more cold and breathing diseases than other children later in life.Another recent study found that children had a greater chance of developing lung cancer if their mothers smoked. The study also showed that the danger of lung cancer increased only for sons and not for daughters, and that the father’s smoking did not affect a child’s chance of developing lung cancer.1. Mother who smokes before her child is born may _______.A. slow the growth of her baby’s lungB. cause her baby to suffer breathing problems and lung disease later in lifeC. make her child develop lung cancerD. All of above are right2. Doctors in Boston studied 1 100 children to _______.A. examine whether these children were healthyB. find out whether their mothers had smokedC. find why these children suffered breathing problems and lung diseaseD. look into the effect th at mother’s smoking had on their children3. Suppose John’s father was a heavy smoker, so was Mary’s mother. According this passage, _______.A. John is more likely to develop lung cancerB. Mary is more likely to develop lung cancerC. John and Mary have the same chance to develop cancerD. neither John nor Mary has the chance to develop cancer4. This passage is to _______.A. warn us of the danger of smoking before childrenB. warn people with breathing problems not to smokeC. warn us that mothers w ho smoke may affect their children’s healthD. warn us that fathers who smoke may affect their children as mothers(12)You can not see any object unless light from that object gets into your eyes. Some of the things you see give off light of their own. The sun, the stars, a lighted lamp are examples that can be seen by their own light. Such things are luminous. Most of the things you see are not giving off light of their own. They are simply reflecting light that falls on them from the sun or some other luminous bodies. The moon, for example, does not give off any light of its own. It is non-luminous. You see it because sunlight falls on it and some of it reflects in our direction. So moon light is only second hand sunlight.When you look at a book, it sends to your eyes some of the light which falls on it, and you see the book. If light could be kept out from where you are so that there would be no light for the book to reflect, then you could not see the book even with your eyes wide open.Light travels so fast that the time in which it travels from the book you are reading to your eyes is so short as if there were no time at all. Light reaches us from the moon, which is about 380 000 kilometers away, in onlya little more than a second.1. You can see the book because_______.A. your eyes are close to itB. it reflects some of the sunlightC. it has light of its ownD. your eyesight can get to it2. The underlined word “luminous” means_______.A. visibleB. all colorsC. giving off lightD. sunlight3. ________ have light of their own.A. The sun and the moonB. The stars and the earthC. The sun and the starsD. The moon and the earth4. Which of the following is true?A. All the things you can see give off light.B. Light from the book is much shorter than that from the moon.C. The moment you open your eyes the light from the book travels to your eyes.D. Light travels so fast that there is no time for you to read.（13）As people continue to grow and age, our body systems(系统) continue to change. At a certain point in your life your body systems will begin to weaken. Your strength may become weaker. It may become more difficult for you to see and hear. The slow change of aging causes our bodies to lose some of their ability to bounce back from disease and injury. In order to live longer, we have always tried to slow or stop this change that leads us toward the end of our lives.Many factors(因素) decide your health. A good diet plays an important role. the amount and type of exercise you get is another factor. Your living condition is yet another. But scientists studying aging problem want to know: Why do people grow old? They hope that by studying the aging medical science they may be able to make the length of life longer.There is nothing to be afraid of as old age comes. Many consider the later part of life to be the best time for living. Physical activity may become less, but often you get better understanding of yourself and the world.What we consider old age now may only be middle-aged some day soon. Who knows, with so many advances in medical science happening so quickly, life length may one day be measured in centuries, rather that in years!1. When people become aging, they will lose some of their ability to bounce back from disease and injury, “bounce back” here means _______.A. to escape from disease and injuryB. to improve one’s health after one’s disease and injuryC. to jump backwardD. to run fast2. Many consider the later part of life to be the best time of living because ______.A. they consider their life has been a successful oneB. they have come through the battle of life safelyC. they have less misunderstanding of themselves and the outside worldD. they have nothing to do all day long only to watch their grandchildren growing up around them（1）【答案与解析】本文讲计算机的发展历史。