非谓语动词3
非谓语动词三种形式
非谓语动词三种形式一、现在分词形式现在分词是动词的一种非谓语形式，通常由动词的原形加上-ing构成。
它可以作为主语、宾语、定语、状语等，表示与谓语动词同时或连续发生的动作或状态。
下面将分别从不同角度介绍现在分词的用法。
1. 作主语现在分词可以作为句子的主语，表示一个普遍、一般性的事实或状态。
例子：Running is good for your health.（跑步对健康有益）2. 作宾语现在分词可以作及物动词的宾语，表示被动的、连续进行的动作或状态。
例子：I enjoy reading books on weekends.（我喜欢在周末读书）3. 作定语现在分词可以作名词的前置定语，修饰名词。
例子：The crying baby woke up the whole neighborhood.（哭闹的婴儿把整个附近吵醒了）4. 作状语现在分词可以作状语，表示时间、原因、条件、结果等。
例子：Feeling tired, I decided to take a nap.（感到疲倦，我决定小睡一会儿）二、过去分词形式过去分词是动词的一种非谓语形式，通常由动词的原形加上-ed或不规则变化构成。
它可以作为表语、定语、状语、宾语等，表示被动、完成或状态。
下面将分别从不同角度介绍过去分词的用法。
1. 作表语过去分词可以作为系动词的表语，表示主语的特征或状态。
例子：The door was closed.（门是关着的）2. 作定语过去分词可以作名词的前置定语，修饰名词。
例子：The broken glass needs to be cleaned up.（破碎的玻璃需要清理）3. 作状语过去分词可以作状语，表示原因、条件、时间等。
例子：Having finished my homework, I went to bed early.（完成作业后，我早早就睡了）4. 作宾语过去分词可以作及物动词的宾语，表示被动或完成的动作。
线练学校高三英语非谓语动词(三)
始驾州参艰市线练学校高三英语非谓语动词（三）冀教【本讲信息】一. 教学内容：非谓语动词（三）二. 教学过程：6、动名词与不式作主语、宾语的用法比较1）作主语：（1）多数情况两者可以互换。
例如：Seeing is believing.＝To see is to believe.Talking is easy and doing is difficult.＝To talk is easy and to do is difficult.（2）如果表示一种具体、短期的行为，或表示将来的行为，用不式。
例如：It took him two hours to finish the work.To be a scientist is his desire（愿望）.（3）如果表示一种经常性、习惯性的行为，一般用动名词。
例如：Getting up early is a good habit.2）作宾语：（1）有些动词跟不式、动名词作宾语皆可，意义也差不多，主要有：begin, start,continue, love, prefer。
（2）有些动词后只跟不式作宾语，主要有：wish, hope, expect, demand, refuse, decide.（3）有些动词后只能跟动名词作宾语，已学过的这类词有：finish, imagine, help, admit, avoid, mind, miss, insist on, enjoy, escape, consider, can practise, put off（延迟）＝delay, suggest, feel like, look forward to, devote…to（doing）,be worth.（4）有些动词后跟不式、动名词意义有明显差别，主要有：forget, remember, regret, stop, mean, try, want, need, require, go on①forget to do sth. 忘记要做某事forget doing sth. 忘记做过某事＝forget having done sth.＝forget to have done sth.②remember to do sth. 记住要做某事 remember doing sth.记住做过某事③regret to do sth. 遗憾（要）做某事 regret doing sth. 懊悔做了某事④stop to do sth. 停下（原事）去做某事（不式作目的状语）stop doing sth. 停止做某事⑤mean to do sth. 决意／打算做某事 mean doing sth. 意味／表明做某事⑥try to do sth. 努力／设法去做某事try doing sth. 试图／尝试用某一方法做某事⑦want/need/require to do sth. 要／想做某事want/need/require doing. 需要／想要被……⑧go on to do sth. 继续做不同的事 go on doing sth. 继续做相同的事7. 使用现在分词的几个注意点：（1）作状语用的现在分词，其逻辑主语必须同主语为同一人或同一事，例如：①（正）Standing on top of the tall building,we could see the whole city.（Standing＝When we stood）（误）Standing on top of the tall building,the whole city could be seen.②（正）Having found the cause, they continued the experiment.（Having found＝After/When they had found）（误）Having found the cause, the experiment continued.（2）短暂动词（即瞬间动词）的现在分词被动式不可作宾补或语。
高中非谓语的三种形式和用法
高中非谓语的三种形式和用法（一）非谓语动词一、定义非谓语动词（Non-Finite Verbs）是指动词形态上不能用作谓语或表语的各种动词，它不能表示完成形式、时态和语态，它包括动名词、不定式、分词和现在分词。
它们都可以做主语、宾语或补足语。
二、分类（1）动名词动名词（Gerund）是动词词尾加 -ing 构成的名词，它是动词的名词化形式，一般能起主语、宾语及补语的作用，作主语时通常用来表示某种动作被一般进行着。
（2）不定式不定式（Infinitive）是由 to 加上动词原形构成，能作主语、宾语及补足语，表示某种未完成的动作或态度。
（3）分词分词（Participle）是现在分词（Present Participle）和过去分词（Past Participle）的统称，它的形态类似形容词，但可作简单句中的状语，也可作定语、表语和宾语补足语，有时也能作主语。
现在分词（Present Participle）的形式结尾常常是-ing，例如 working，它在现在完成时态中往往作定语，表示时间先后次序。
三、用法动名词可以作主语、宾语和补足语，在简单句中可以作主语，如：Studying other culture is quite interesting. 学习其他文化很有趣。
也可以作宾语，如：I like studying other culture. 我喜欢学习其他文化。
还可以作补足语，如：He was seen studying in the library. 他被看到在图书馆里学习。
不定式可以作宾语、宾语补足语及表语，但不能作状语，它可以用来表示时间、条件、原因、让步等，如：He agreed to help me. 他同意帮助我。
We came here to visitthe museum. 我们来这里参观博物馆。
分词可以用作定语、表语、状语、宾语补足语和宾语，用作定语时表示定语所修饰的名词发生的先后顺序，如：A broken cup was found on the ground. 地上发现了一个破杯子。
非谓语动词有3种形式
非谓语动词有3种形式：不定式、动名词和分词Ⅰ不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的性质一作主语1.To see is to believe.2. It’s difficult (for us) to learn English.3. It’s foolish of h er to believe him.= She is foolish to believe him.二作表语1. His aim is to win the first prize.2. All we can do is (to) wait.One’s dream / aim / ambition / wish / The first step / What I want to do is to…三作宾语1. He demanded to be told the truth.2. He pretended to be doing his homework / to have fallen asleep when Mother came in.（decide / fail / manage / refuse / pretend / choose / agree / hope/ plan / promise / make up one’s mind + to do）3.I don’t know what to do.（decide / find out / know / learn / consider etc + 疑问词+ to do）4. Anyone can become a better scholar if he wants to.5. ---Are you on holiday? ---No, but I’d like to be.四作宾补或主补1. I’ll have him say something at the meeting.have sb do = get sb to dofeel; hear / listen to; let / have / make; see / watch / look at / notice / observe sb do但被动语态要+ to, let 例外Listen to me read the text.He is often listened to to sing the song.He was let go by the police.2. He ordered his men to fire.wish / advise / persuade / allow / permit / want / tell / ask / expect / order / require / request sb to dosuggest / hope / agree / demand / arrange sb to do3. He is said to be doing the work of next year.It’s said that he is doing the work of next year.sb + seem / appear / happen / be said / be reported / be known /be found / be believed + to do / to be doing / to have ( been) doneIt + seem / appear / happen / be said … / be believe that….六作定语1. I have a lot of work to do / no pen to write with.2. the first to come / to be awarded the Nobel Prize3. the last person to do such a thing 最不愿意做…的人4. the house to be built next year比较: the house being built now / build last year七作状语(目的、原因、结果或条件）目的to / in order to / so as to结果enough to / too…to / so…as to / such…as to / only to1. The bus stopped to pick up passengers.2. He set out early in order to / so as to catch the first bus.= In order to / To catch the first bus he set out early.3. I’m sorry to have kept you waiting.4. I hurried to school only to be told it was a holiday.only to do sth 表示出于预料之外的结果不定式的否定形式She kept silent about the accident so as not to lose his job.不定式的完成和被动式The book seems to have been translated into English.但是: The book is difficult to understand.I have a letter to write / a lot of work to do.He is to blame for the accident.Ⅱ动名词具有名词的性质一作主语1. Seeing is believing. = To see is to believe.2. It’s no use / no good / useless doing sth. It’s no use crying over spilt milk.3. Being forced to leave the classroom made him feel embarrassed.二作表语1. My job is teaching English.比较: One’s dream / aim / ambition / The first step is to do sth.动名词作表语, 可与主语交换位置, 句子成立; 现在分词则不能。
非谓语动词3
非谓语动词及相关真题训练1. 非谓语动词作主语*不定式和动名词可以在句中充当主语，但分词却不可以。
不定式一般表示具体或一次性动作，而动名词则表示一般或抽象的多次动作。
*不定式和动名词都可以用it来代替作形式主语。
动名词常用在"It is no use/no good/fun/a waste of time/a goodpleasure等名词+doing"结构和"It is useless/nice/good/interesting/worthwhile等形容词+doing"结构中作主语。
例如：It is useless-speaking．光说没用。
*动名词也可在“There is（was) no+doing"结构中作主语，例如：There is no standing still in this life; one must either advance or fall behind.在这样的生活中没有原地不动的。
一个人要么前进，要么后退。
*不定式虽然不能有自己的主语，但在意思上仍有履行该动作的人或物，称为逻辑主语，如：She taught me to read.中的me.。
当不定式和它的逻辑主语有被动关系时，不定式就需用被动形式，例如：She was sent there to be trained as an astronaut.她被派到那里接受宇航员的训练。
不定式前面有时有一个由介词for引导的短语，来表示它的逻辑主语，例如：The simplest thing is for him to resign.最简单的办法就是他辞职。
It is not uncommon for there＿problems of communication between the old and the young.「真题2007]A. beingB. would beC. be D: to be【译文】老年人和年轻人普遍存在沟通上的问题。
动词的非谓语形式有三种不定式动名和分词
注①
admit，appreciate，avoid，consider, delay, dislike，enjoy，escape, excuse，face，feel like，finish，forgive，give up, imagine，include，keep，mention，mind，miss，practise，put off，resist, risk，suggest，can’t help，can’t stand(无法忍受)等动词后可以用动名词作宾语，但不能用不定式．
2
动名词的复合结构同由
物主代词
人称代词宾格 +动名词 构成
名词所有格
普通格加
2
2．动名词的复合结构
句子开头必须用名词所有格或物主代词．
例如: His coming made me very happy． Mary’s crying annoyed him. She didn't mind his crying． Is there any hope for Xiao Wang’s winning?
但在 It is no use／ good，not any use／ good，useless /there is no …等后必须用动名词。 例如：
01
02
2)作表语．
例如： Her job is teaching.
He is fond of playing football．
01
I like swimming.
I must remember to do it. (我必须记着做这事．) I tried not to go there． (我没法不去那里． He stopped to talk. (他停下来讲话．) I mean to come early today. (我打算今早些来．)
2023年高考英语一轮专题复习语法精讲：非谓语动词(3) 课件
考法训练
单句语法填空
4．Today my daughter and I went to a parking lot __to__se_ll_ (sell) some of our eggs.
5 ． No agreement __re_a_ch_e_d (reach) at the meeting, the representatives wanted another round of talk.
用法 多表示在谓语动词之后发生的动
作，表示将来的动作
表示主动、进行
表示被动、完成
例题讲解
考法二 考查非谓语动词作定语的用法
[全国新高考Ⅰ2021·63] Though it is the only unnatural thing on your way up the mountain, still it highlights the whole adventure and offers a place where you can sit down to rest your ______ (ache) legs.
句意为：那里的活动有观赏鲸鱼、远足等，且(提供 的)住宿力求对自然环境产生较轻的影响。aim to do sth.意为“力求做某事”，为固定搭配。故填to have。
考法三 考查非谓语动词作宾语、补语、主语和表语的用法
例题讲解
2 [全国甲2021·63] It is possible ______ (walk) or bike the entire 14 kilometers.
句意为：走完或者骑行完整整14千米是有可 能的。It is possible to do sth.是固定句型，意 为“做某事是有可能的”。故填to walk。
英语非谓语
非谓语形式有三种：1、动词不定式：to do2、动词的ing : doing3、动词的过去分词：done。
其中不定式表示目的和将来;动词的ing表示主动和进行；过去分词表示被动和完成。
非谓语动词三种形式在句中充当不同的成分，表达不同的意义，具体如下表：非谓语动词的时态和语态：一般式：不定式：主动to do ，被动to be done ; ing 形式：主动doing ，被动being done ;过去分词：被动done完成式：不定式：主动to have done ，被动to have been done;ing 形式：主动having done，被动having been done进行式：不定式to be doing1、动词不定式的基本用法：动词不定式能起名词、形容词和副词的作用，可在句中作主语、表语、宾语补足语、定语和状语用，（to）+ do，具有名词、形容词、副词的特征。
否定式：not + (to) do 如：(1)作主语：动词不定式作主语时，一般可用it作形式主语，而将作主语的动词不定式置于句末，如：It is very hard to finish the work in ten minutes. 十分钟之内完成这项工作是很难的。
It means failure to lose your heart. 灰心意味着失败。
常用句式有：1、It+be+名词+to do。
2、It takes sb.+some time+to do。
(2)作表语：动词不定式在系动词be之后作表语，与表示将来时的be + 动词不定式结构有所区别。
如：Her job is to clean the hall. 她的工作是打扫大厅。
(3)作宾语：①作及物动词的宾语，如：She wishes to be a musician.;②作某些形容词的宾语：可以有动词不定式为宾语的形容词一般有glad, sorry, afraid, pleased, determined, willing, eager, anxious, ready, sure等；③动词不定式一般不作介词的宾语，但动词不定式之前如有疑问词时，就可作介词的宾语，如：Can you give us some advice on what to do next?(4)作宾语补足语：在复合宾语中，动词不定式可充当宾语补足语，如下动词常跟这种复合宾语：want,wish,ask,tell,order,beg,permit,help,advise,persuade,allow,prepare,cause,force,call on,wait for,invite.此外，介词有时也与这种复合宾语连用，如：With a lot of work to do,he didn't go to the cinema．他有很多工作要做，所以没去电影院。