(共285页)2019年高考英语真题分类汇编(word版可编辑)
超级资源(共12套285页)2019年高考英语真题分类汇编(word版可编辑)
2019年高考试题分项解析之专题1 词、短语辨析（名词、动词、形容词、副词、代词和介词）1.【2019·江苏】24. _________ —Can you tell us your for happiness and a long life? —Living every day to the full, definitely.
A. recipe
B. record
C. range
D. receipt
【答案】A
【解析】
试题分析：考查名词词义辨析。名词recipe秘诀, 食谱, 药方；record记录；range范围；receipt 收据, 收条；句意：—你能告诉我你对幸福长寿的秘密吗？—当然是尽情享受每一天。根据句意可知A项意为“秘诀”, 与上下文相符。
考点：考查名词辨析
2.【2019·江苏】25. He did not easily, but was willing to accept any constructive advice for a
worthy cause.
A.approach
B. wrestle
C. compromise
D. communicate 【答案】C
考点：考查动词词义辨析
3.【2019·江苏】30.Many businesses started up by college students have________thanks to the comfortable climatefor business creation.
A.fallen off
B. taken off
C. turned off
D. left off
【答案】B
【解析】
试题分析：考查动词短语辨析。短语fall off跌落, 下降；take off起飞, 成功, 受欢迎；turn off 关闭；leave off停止, 中断；句意：由于良好的创业环境, 很多大学生创办的生意都很成功。根据句意可知B正确。
考点：考查动词短语辨析
4.【2019·江苏】31.His comprehensive surveys have provided the most__________statements of how, and on whatbasis, data are collected.
A. explicit
B. ambiguous
C. original
D. arbitrary
【答案】A
【解析】
试题分析：考查形容词词义辨析。形容词explicit明晰的, 清楚的；ambiguous模棱两可的, 含糊不清的；original原始的, 最初的；arbitrary任意的, 专制的；句意：对于如何以及在什么基础上收集数据, 他的综合调查提供了最清晰的说明。故A正确。
考点：考查形容词词义辨析
5.【2019·江苏】33.Parents should actively urge their children to______the opportunity to join sports teams.
A. gain admission to
B. keep track of
C. take advantage of
D. give rise to
【答案】C
试题分析：考查短语辨析。动词短语gain admission to 获准进入；keep track of记录；take advantage of利用；give rise to引起；句意：父母亲应该积极鼓励孩子抓住机会参加体育活动。根据句意可知C项正确。
考点：考查短语辨析
6.【2019·江苏】35.—Jack still can’t help being anxious about his job interview.
—Lack of self-confidence is his______, I am afraid.
A. Achilles’ heel
B. child’s play
C. green fingers
D. last straw
【答案】A
考点：考查谚语
7.【2019·天津】2. The dictionary is ______: many words have been added to the language since it was published.
A. out of control
B. out of date
C. out of sight
D. out of reach
【答案】B
【解析】
试题分析：句意：这本字典过时了：自从它被出版, 很多单词被增加到这个语言中。A.失去控制；B.过时的；C看不见的；D.够不着的。根据句意, 故选B。
考点：考查介词短语。
【名师点睛】介词短语的考查通常是一些易混的相似的介词短语, 这题的介词短语都是out of+名词搭配, 但是意思都是大相径庭, 学生在平时要注意积累这些相似短语的搭配和含义, 做题时结合具体的语境代入各个选项确定答案。由many words have been added to the language since it was published.可以确定是“过时的”。
8.【2019·天津】8. Mary was silent during the early part of the discussion but finally she ____ her opinion on the subject.
A. gave voice to
B. kept an eye on
C. turned a deaf ear of
D. set foot on
考点：考查动词短语辨析。
【名师点睛】这几个短语都是固定搭配, 不能仅仅看字面意思, 应该在平时学习中注意累积这方面的词汇, 这几个短语有个特点, 都含有一个人体部位的名词, 学生平时学习的时候,
可以将短语进行分类记忆。做题时找到关键词和切入点, 这道题的关键是opinion和选项中的voice。
9.【2019·天津】10. The weather forecast says it will be cloudy with a slight _____ of rain later tonight.
A. effect
B. sense
C. change
D. chance
【答案】D
【解析】试题分析：句意：天气预报说今天会是多云, 后半夜可能有雨。A.影响；B.感觉；
C.改变；
D.机会, 可能性。故选D。
考点：考查名词辨析。
【名师点睛】词汇辨析是每次试卷中必然出现的题型, 所以平时一定要把词汇放在句中进行记忆。在复习词汇的时候, 要依据语言的横向组合和纵向聚合, 按照点-线-面顺序, 构建知识网络环境, 对知识内容进行巩固、深化和提升, 这样才能提高复习知识点的效率。这样, 再做单项填空题时, 就会觉得游刃有余。对于英语中的词汇用法, 平时要多归纳总结, 词汇用法的特殊语法规则更要特别记忆。最好把词汇放在句子中, 连同句子一起记忆, 这样能够加强记忆。
10.【2019·天津】12. I’m going to _____ advantage of this tour to explore the history of the castle.
A. put
B. make
C. take
D. give
【答案】C
【解析】
试题分析：句意：我要利用这次旅行来探索这个城堡的历史。使用短语take advantage of, 意为“利用”, 其他选项不能和advantage of搭配。故选C。
考点：考查动词和短语。
【名师点睛】对于动词词义辨析题目, 首先可以从句意着手, 看懂句意是解答此类题目的关键, 其次四个选项的意思也要了如指掌。这对于平时学生的学习仔细度提出了要求, 学生在平时的学习中要勤积累, 多记忆, 多查字典, 以便在考试时能够迅速准确的答出, 还有的是一些固定搭配, 需要了如指掌。
11.【2019·天津】14. I hate it when she calls me at work—I’m always too busy to _____ a conversation with her.
A. carry on
B. break into
C. turn down
D. cut off
【答案】A
考点：考查动词短语辨析。
【名师点睛】辨析动词短语没有捷径, 只有加强平时的背诵, 包括词组本身的含义, 一词多义, 以及词组和动词的搭配, 做题时别忘了弄懂句意和上下文的逻辑关系, 进行判断。学生平时要特别注意这方面的积累。
12.【2019·浙江】2.______prize for the winner of the competition is ______two-week holiday in Paris.
A. The ; 不填
B. A ; 不填
C. A ; the
D. The ; a
【答案】D
【解析】
试题分析：句意：这个比赛获胜者的奖品是一个巴黎的两个星期的假期。第一空填the, 是特指“获胜者的奖品”, 用定冠词, 第二空是泛指“一个两周的假期”, 用不定冠词a。故选A。
考点：考查冠词。
【名师点睛】本题着重理解定冠词和不定冠词的区别, 定冠词the表示特指, 不定冠词a/an 表示泛指；对于冠词特指和泛指的考查是历年来高考的必考点, 平时的学习要多进行积累, 仔细分析特指还是泛指。同时, 更为重要的是要多去积累习惯表达, 特殊表达, 这也是近几年高考习惯考的地方。总而言之, 多解题、多理解、多积累才是关键。做冠词的题目语感非常重要, 平时阅读的时候, 注意出现冠词的地方, 体会是特指还是泛指。
13.【2019·浙江】3. In many ways , the education system in the US is not very different from
____in the UK.
A. that
B. this
C. one
D. it
【答案】A
考点：考查代词。
【名师点睛】本题着重考查指示代词：用来指示或标识人或事物的代词。它们主要有：this 这个；that那个；these这些；those那些；it 它。指示代词所指的对象取决于谈话双方都熟悉的语境。指示代词在句中可用做主语、宾语、表语、定语和状语。that指代上文的可数或不可数名词, 后面有后置定语；those指代上文的可数名词复数, 后面有后置定语；one是泛指上文的可数名词单数；it指同类同物。
14.【2019·浙江】4. It is important to pay your electricity bill on time , as late payments may affect your ______.
A. condition
B. income
C. credit
D. status
【答案】C
【解析】
试题分析：句意：准时付电费很重要, 因为付晚了会影响你的信用。Condition条件；income 收入；credit学分, 信用（卡）。根据句意故选C。
考点：考查名词辨析。
【名师点睛】名词最常考的命题形式是名词词义辨析, 对于同义词辨析, 我们一定要平时注意积累。由做题经验可知, 同义词辨析大多是在具体语境中, 由关键固定短语来判断的。真正的词义辨析题很少。常考的名词词义辨析词有: custom风俗习惯；habit个人习惯；tradition 传统；scene场景；scenery自然风景（总称）；view特定位置的景观；sight人文或历史景观；skill技能；ability能力；talent才华；strength优势, 长处等等。这题中的credit属于一词多义, 有时也会考查熟词生义。
15.【2019·浙江】6.That young man is honest , cooperative , always there when you need his help .______, he's reliable.
A. Or else
B. In short
C. By the way
D. For one thing
【答案】B
【解析】
试题分析：句意：这个年轻人是诚实的, 有合作精神的, 当你需要他的帮助的时候, 总是在那里。简言之, 他是可靠的。A.否则；B.简言之；C.顺便说一下；D.首先。故选B。
考点：考查介词短语。
【名师点睛】介词短语的考查通常是一些易混的相似的介词短语, 这题的介词短语都是out of+名词搭配, 但是意思都是大相径庭, 学生在平时要注意积累这些相似短语的搭配和含义, 做题时结合具体的语境代入各个选项确定答案。这句话很明显, 前后两句话意思一样, 就是后面简短写, 可以确定是“简言之”。
16.【2019·浙江】7. The study suggests that the cultures we grow up _______influence the basic processes by which we see world around us.
A. on
B. in
C. at
D. about
【答案】B
考点：考查介词。
【名师点睛】这道题与其说是考查介词, 还不如说是考查定语从句, 因为介词in不是和后面的influence搭配, 而是通过分析发现这是定语从句, 和前面的先行词culture搭配需要什么介词。
17.【2019·浙江】8. We can achieve a lot when we learn to let our differences unite , rather than _______ us.
A. divide
B. reject
C. control
D. abandon
【答案】A
【解析】
试题分析：句意：当我们学会让我们的差异联合起来而不是将我们分离的时候, 我们就获得很多。A.将……分开；B.拒绝, 拒收；C.控制；D.放弃。根据语境, 故选A。
考点：考查动词辨析。
【名师点睛】词义辨析题在高考中有所涉及, 每年的趋势不尽相同。对于词义辨析题目, 首先可以从句意着手, 看懂句意是解答此类题目的关键, 其次四个选项的意思也要了如指掌。这对于平时学生的学习仔细度提出了要求, 学生在平时的学习中要勤积累, 多记忆, 多查字典, 以便在考试时能够迅速准确的答出。动词是非常重要的词性, 在句中起着至关重要的作用, 掌握好动词非常关键, 这也是经常考查动词的原因。这题要找准关键词unite, 和divide 是反义词。
18.【2019·浙江】12.When their children lived far away from them , these old people felt
______from the world.
A. carried away
B. broken down
C. cut off
D. brought up
【答案】C
考点：考查动词短语。
【名师点睛】动词短语是高考常考内容。可以按照以下方法学习：1.在每个部分找出自己最熟悉或者最理解的短语, 并根据该短语助记总体意思；2.熟记动词本身所具有的全部意思；
3.重点根据小品词在该项中的总体意思结合动词本身的意思, 理解自己最不理解和不熟悉的短语
4.脱离汉语, 只看英语动词短语, 并放到具体句子和场景中认识动词短语
5.注意有些短语意义很接近, 这要结合例句和上下文掌握它们的用法。
19.【2019·浙江】13. A sudden stop can be a very frightening experience , ______ if you are travelling at high speed.
A. eventually
B. strangely
C. merely
D. especially
【答案】D
【解析】
试题分析：句意：突然停止可能是一个可怕的经历, 尤其是如果你以高速运行的时候。A.最终；B.奇怪地；C.仅仅地；D.尤其地。故选D。
考点：考查副词辨析。
【名师点睛】副词辨析是试卷中经常出现的题型, 所以平时一定要把词汇放在句中进行记忆。在复习词汇的时候, 要依据语言的横向组合和纵向聚合, 按照点-线-面顺序, 构建知识网
络环境, 对知识内容进行巩固、深化和提升, 这样才能提高复习知识点的效率。这样, 再做单项填空题时, 就会觉得游刃有余。对于英语中的词汇用法, 平时要多归纳总结, 词汇用法的特殊语法规则更要特别记忆。最好把词汇放在句子中, 连同句子一起记忆, 这样能够加强记忆。
20.【2019·浙江】14. When the time came to make the final decision for a course , I decided to apply for the one that ______my interest.
A. limited
B. reserved
C. reflected
D. spoiled
【答案】C
【解析】
试题分析：句意：当最后决定课程的时候到了, 我决定申请能反映我兴趣的课程。A.限制；
B.保留；
C.反映, 反射；
D.宠坏。故选C。
考点：考查动词辨析。
【名师点睛】对于动词词义辨析题目, 首先可以从句意着手, 看懂句意是解答此类题目的关键, 其次四个选项的意思也要了如指掌。这对于平时学生的学习仔细度提出了要求, 学生在平时的学习中要勤积累, 多记忆, 多查字典, 以便在考试时能够迅速准确的答出, 还有的是一些固定搭配, 需要了如指掌。Reflect意思较多, 有：反射, 反照; 表达; 显示; 折转。平时记忆要准确, 全面。
21.【2019·浙江】16. In this article , you need to back up general statements with ________ examples.
A. specific
B. permanent
C. abstract
D. universal
【答案】A
考点：考查形容词辨析。
【名师点睛】把相似、相近的词语或结构放在一起作为干扰选项, 若我们基础知识掌握不牢就难于区分。解答这类题目, 关键是理解题干意思以及各选项副词的意思, 可以像数学中的代入法一样, 依次把各个选项意思放入句子中进行比较, 不难选出正确答案。还有抓住句中的关键词general和specific对应。
22.【2019·浙江】18. I have always enjoyed all the events you organized and I hope to attend in the coming years
A. little more
B. no more
C.much more
D.many more
【答案】D
考点：考查短语辨析。
【名师点睛】这题考查的是形容词比较级搭配的短语, AB项意思相近, CD项意思相近, 根据语境可知用CD里面的一个, 注意much more和many more的区别。much more修饰不可数名词；many more修饰可数名词, 还有根据上下文可知修饰的是上文的activities, 所以用many more。
2019年高考试题及模拟题分项解析之专题2
动词的时态和语态及情态动词
1.【2019·北京】21.Jack ________ in the lab when the power cut occurred.
A. works
B. has worked
C. was working
D. would work 【答案】C
考点：考查时态
【名师点睛】
一、过去进行时的构成：was/were+动词的现在分词(--ing)
二、过去进行时的用法：
1、表示在过去某时刻正在进行或发生的动作, 通常与表过去的时间壮语连用。
例如：At this moment yesterday, I was packing for camp.
昨天这个时候, 我正在收拾东西去露营。
2、表移动的动词, 如come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return等词的过去进行时, 可以表示过去将要发生的动作。
例如：She told me that she was going to Hainan for her holiday. 她告诉我她将去海南度假。
3、在含有时间状语从句的复合句中, 表示一个过去的动作发生时或发生之后, 另一个动作正在进行。
例如：It was raining when they left the station. 他们离开车站时, 正下着雨。
When I got to the top of the mountain, the sun was shining.我到达山顶时, 阳光灿烂。
4、在叙述或描写过去的事情时, 过去进行时经常与其它过去时态, 特别时是一般过去时连用。但是过去进行时往往是表示背景。
例如：One night, he was typing in his study. Suddenly, a man broke into his house and cut off the electricity.
一天晚上, 他正在书房里打字。突然, 一个人闯进屋来, 切断了电源。
2.【2019·北京】2
3. —Excuse me, which movie are you waiting for?
—The new Star Wars. We ________ here for more than two hours.
A. waited
B. wait
C. would be waiting
D. have been waiting
【答案】D
【解析】
试题分析：题目考查时态。句意：——打扰了, 你们在等哪一部电影？——《星球大战》, 我们已经在这儿等了两个多小时了。“for+时间段”与完成时连用, 根据语境可知, 说话的时候仍然在等, 因此用现在完成进行时, 故选D。
考点：考查时态
【名师点睛】
现在完成进行时由“助动词have/has been+ -ing形式”构成。用法如下：
1. 现在完成进行时表示过去的动作持续到现在并有可能延续下去的动作。常和for, since 引导的时间状语连用。
-Hi, Tracy, you look tired.
-I am tired. I have been painting the living room all day.
They have been living here for 10 years. 他们住在这里十年了。
2. 表示一个动作从过去某时开始, 一直延续到说话时候刚结束。
I have been waiting you for about one hour.。(说话时"等"的动作刚结束)
She has been working all night long.
3. 表示重复（只断断续续, 而非一直不停）
We’ve been discussing the matter several times this year.
I have been saying goodbye to some friends today.
3.【2019·北京】25. I ________ half of the Engli sh novel, and I’ll try to finish it at the weekend.
A. read
B. have read
C. am reading
D. will read
【答案】B
考点：考查时态
【名师点睛】
现在完成时基本用法：
1、表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果, 常与already, yet, ever, never, just, before 等词连用。
例如：Have you ever cooked at home? 你吃晚饭了吗？
You have already grown much taller.你已经长高了许多。
2、表示过去已经开始, 持续到现在的动作或状态。往往和表示一段时间的时间状语连用, 常用的有：for＋一段时间；since+过去时间点或从句。（Since 用来说明动作起始时间, for 用来说明动作延续时间长度）, 提问用How long.
例如：It has been five years since he joined the army .他参军五年了。
They have learned English for eight years .他们已学了八年的英语了。
3、现在完成时需注意的问题：
○1表示短暂性的动词不能与表示一段时间的状语连用appear, begin, borrow, lend, buy, close,
come, die, fall, find, finish, join, kill, leave, sell, stop等。
例如：He has joined the army for five years. （错误）
He has been in the army for five years.(正确)
注意：非延续性动词的否定形式可以与表示延续时间的状语连用。即动作不发生的状态是可以持续的。
（错）I have received his letter for a month.
（对）I haven't received his letter for almost a month.
○2不能和明确的过去时间状语连用, 如：yesterday, last week, in 1998,two days ago等。
○3have/has been to 和have/has gone to 的区别：
have/has been to 去过某地, 现在已经回来；
have/has gone to 去了某地, 在去的路上或已经在那里。
○4比较一般过去时与现在完成时
一般过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或状态, 强调动作, 不和现在发生联系, 常与具体的过去时间状语连用, 如yesterday, last week, …ago, in1980, in October, just now等, ；现在完成时表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果, 强调的是现在的情况, 不能与表过去的时间状语连用。
I saw this film yesterday. （强调看的动作发生过了）
I have seen this film. （强调对现在的影响, 电影的内容已经知道了）
Why did you get up so early? （强调起床的动作已发生过了）
He has been a League member for three years. （强调他是团员）
现在完成时考点分析：
①现在完成时除可以和for、since引导的状语连用外, 还可以和下面的介词短语连用：during / in /over the last(past)few years (months, weeks)、in recent years等。
②下列句型中常用现在完成时
It is (has been) + 一段时间+ since从句
This(That / It)is the first(second…)time that + 完成时
This(That / It)is the only … + that + 完成时
This(that / It)is the best / finest / most interest ing … + that 从句+ 完成时
③在时间或条件状语从句中, 现在完成时可以代替一般将来时。如：
I shall post the letter as soon as I have written it.
If you have done the experiment, you will realize the theory better.
Don’t get off the bus until it has stopped.
4.【2019·北京】30. The students have been working hard on their lessons and their efforts ________ with success in the end.
A. rewarded
B. were rewarded
C. will reward
D. will be rewarded
【答案】D
考点：考查时态和语态
【名师点睛】
一般将来时
①表示未来的动作或状态常用will / shall + 动词（常与表示将来的时间状语边用如tomorrow、next week等）。
②表示一种趋向或习惯动作。
We’ll die without air or water.
③表示趋向行为的动词如come、go、start、begin、leave等词常用进行时的形式表示将来时。
④be going to与will / shall, be to do, be about to do用法及区别：
A shall / will do表示未事先考虑过, 即说话时临时作出的决定。
B be going to 表示现在打算在最近或将来要做某事, 这种打算往往经过事先考虑, 甚至已做了某种准备；
be going to 表将来, 不能用在条件状语从句的主句中；而will则能, 表意愿。如：If it is fine, we’ll go fishing.(正确)
If it is fine, we are going to go fishing.(错误)
C be to do sth.表按计划、安排即将发生的动作, 还可表示吩咐、命令、禁止, 可能性等。
A meeting is to be held at 3:00 o’clock this afternoon.
D be about to do sth.表示“即将或者正要去做某事”, 通常不与时间状语连用,但可与
when引导的从句连用, 构成常考句型：sb was about to do when sb did sth。
Autumn harvest is about to start.
被动语态的构成
一般式进行式完成式
现在时am/is/are+p.p am/is/are+being+ p.p have/has+been + p.p
过去时was/were+ p.p was/were+being+ p.p had +been + p.p
将来时shall/will+be+p.p shall/will+have been+ p.p 注意：
含有情态动词的谓语变化为被动语态：由“情态动词（can, may must, have to等）+be +动词
的-ed形式构成。
含有“be going to , be to, used to, be about to”等结构的复合谓语变为被动语态：其构成为
“be going to （be to, used to, be about to）+ be +动词的-ed形式”。
5.【2019·北京】31. I love the weekend, because I ________ get up early on Saturdays and Sundays.
A. needn’t
B. mustn’t
C. wouldn’t
D. shouldn’t
【答案】A
考点：考查情态动词
【名师点睛】
常用的情态动词有can, may, must, need,should, had better.
1. can 的用法：
① 表示能力“能, 会” eg: He can speak a little Japanese.他会说一点日语。
② 表示请求或许可“可以” eg: Can I help you? 要我帮忙吗?
③ 表示猜测“可能” eg: Where can she go now? 她可能到哪里去了呢?
2.may 的用法：
①表示请求或允许“可以”“准许” eg: May I go home, please?请问我可以回家吗?
② 表示可能性“ 可能”、也许” eg: I think it may rain this afternoon. 我想今天下午可能下雨。
注：might为may的过去式, 但也可以代替may, 语气较为婉转客气或更加不肯定。
eg: ① He might not come today.今天他也许不来了。(语气不肯定)
②You might also get a headache when you work too hard, 当你工作太努力时, 你也可能患头痛
3. must的用法：
①表示义务、必要或命令“必须、应该” eg: You must come early tomorrow．你明天得早来。
② 表示推测时“肯定, 一定” eg: They must be at home.The light is on 他们肯定在家,灯亮着呢.
③ must not 禁止, 不许eg: You must not tell lies. 你不许撒谎。
注意：①must开头的疑问句, 其否定回答通常用don't have to 或needn't 。而不用mustn't eg: ---Must I finish my homework first? 我必须先完成作业吗？
---No, you don't have to/ needn't. 不, 你不必。
② can 和must在表推测时, can一般否定句中, 而must 常用于肯定句中。
eg: ①It can not be Li Lei 那个人不可能是李磊
② It must be Li Lei 那个人肯定是李磊。
4. need 的用法：
① 情态动词“需要, 有必要”一般用于否定句或疑问句中。
eg: You needn't come here this afternoon.你今天下午不必来。
② 行为动词“需要, 有必要” 可以用于各种句式中。
eg: ①You don't need to go now. 你不必现在就走。
② I need to have a rest. 我需要休息一下
③ Do we need to finish a ll the work today? 我们今天需要完成所有的工作吗？
need的用法的助记口诀：
实义动词表“需要”, 后接名、代、不定式。need后接动名词, 主动形式表被动。
情态动词表“需要”, 没有人称数之变。其后直接加动原, 多用疑问与否定。
6.【2019·北京】34. Why didn’t you tell me about your trouble last week? If you ________ me, I could have helped.
A. told
B. had told
C. were to tell
D. would tell
【答案】B
考点：考查虚拟语气
【名师点睛】
英语中的三种语气, 语气是动词的一种形式, 用来说明我们对自己的话所采取的态度。
1、陈述语气（疑问, 否定, 肯定, 感叹）
2、祈使语气（命令, 要求, 建议, 警告）
3、虚拟语气：不可能发生的事, 愿望, 建议, 与事实相反的假设等.
一、虚拟语气在条件中的具体用法
真实条件句
If you work hard,you’ll surely pas s the exam.
虚拟条件句（假设情况不存在, 实现机会很小）
If I were a bird, I could fly freely in the sky.
If it snowed tomorrow, we would stay at the home.
if从句的谓语动词主句谓语动词
1.与现在事实相反动词过去式（be一律用were）would/could/might/should+动词
原形
2.与过去事实相反had done would/could/might/should+have
done
3.与将来事实可能相反 a.动词过去式（be一律用were）
b.should+动词原形（不能用would）
c.were to+动词原形
would/could/might/should+动词
原形
1.与现在事实相反
if从句：动词过去式（be---were）
主句：would/could/might/should+动词原形
If we had time, we would go with you.
If I were you, I shouldn’t do that.
If it weren’t raining, we wouldn’t stay.
2.与过去事实相反
if从句：had done
主句：would/could/might/should+have done
If the teacher hadn’t helped us, we couldn’t have succeeded.
I could have done it better if I had been more careful.
If he hadn’t been ill, he might have come.
3.与将来事实可能相反
if从句：a.动词过去式（be一律用were）
b.should+动词原形（不能用would）
c.were to+动词原形
主句：would/could/might/should+动词原形
If he came tomorrow, I would tell him everything.
If it should rain tomorrow, I would stay at home and watch TV.
If it were to snow tomorrow, they would not go out.
Should he come tomorrow, please give the book to him.
4.错综时间条件句
在虚拟语气中, 有时条件从句动作发生的时间和主句动作发生的时间是不一致的, 称为错综时间条件句。这种句子的形式往往要根据句子的时间相调整, 分别处理。
If you had spoken to him yesterday, you would know what to do now.
If you had followed the doctor’s advice then, you would be all right now.
If you had watered them more, the crops would be growing still better now.
(有时时间会省略）
5.含蓄条件句
有时虚拟条件不用if条件从句, 而用介词或介词短语来表示。
They would not be able to live without him.（如果没有）
He would have failed but for his teacher’s timely advice.
（要不是）=if it had not been for
If only you had worked with greater care!(要是......就好了）
You would have done the same thing in her position.
With a little more care you could have avoid the traffic accident.
6.虚拟结合条件句
在虚拟语气中, 假设的情况有时间可以通过上下文或其他方式表现出来, 并且虚拟的情况和真实的情况同时存在。
I was ill that day. Otherwise, I would have taken part in the singing competition.
（实------虚）
=I was ill that day. If I hadn’t been ill that day, I would have taken part in the singing competition. He would have bought the piano, but he didn’t have enough money.
（虚------实）
=He would have bought the piano if he had had enough money, but in fac t he didn’t have enough money.
7.省略if倒装条件句
在虚拟语气中, if从句假设的情况中如果有助动词had, should和were, 那么可省略if, 把had, should和were放在句首构成倒装, 简称省略if倒装条件句。
If he had finished the work yesterday, he would have gone to the concert with you.
=Had he finished the work yesterday, he would have gone to the concert with you.
If I were you, I wouldn’t do that.
=were I you, I wouldn’t do that.
If I should meet him, I would tell him about it.
=Should I meet him, I would tell him about it.
7.【2019·江苏】22.More efforts, as reported, ______in the years ahead to accelerate the supply-side structural reform.
A. are made
B. will be made
C. are beingmade
D. have been made
考点：考查时态语态
8.【2019·江苏】27.If it for his invitation the other day, I should not be here now.
A. had not been
B. should not be
C.were not to be
D.should not have been
【答案】A
【解析】
试题分析：考查虚拟语气。本句属于错综条件句的虚拟语气。if从句表示与过去事实相反, 所以使用过去完成时, 主句表示与现在事实相反, 所以使用“情态动词+动词原形”。句意：如果不是因为前几天他的邀请, 我现在就不会在这里了。故A正确。
【名师点睛】
有时条件从句和主句所表示的动作在时间上可以不一致（例如一个与过去事实相反, 另一个与现在事实相反）, 这种虚拟条件句就称为错综时间虚拟条件句。在这种条件句中, 动词的形式要根据具体情况进行调整。
例句：
She would never have behaved like that if she had some common sense.
如果她有一些常识的话, 她就决不会像那样做了。
If I had a bike (now), I would have lent it to you yesterday.
假如我有自行车, 昨天早就借给你了。
句型说明：错综时间条件句中, 特别注意时间状语, 在这种情况下必须明确给以时间或通过上下文可明白看出时间不同, 否则就按一般时间搭配使用。
考点：考查虚拟语气
9.【2019·江苏】29.Dashan, who_________crosstalk, the Chinese comedic tradition, for decades, wants to mix it up
with the Western stand-up tradition.
A. will be learning
B. is learning
C. had been learning
D. has been learning
【答案】D
2018 北京高考英语真题(含答案)
2018年高考英语真题卷（北京卷） 一、单项填空 1.（2018?北京）—Hi, I'm Peter. Are you new here? I haven't seen you around?—Hello, Peter. I'm Bob. I just _________ on Monday. A. start B. have started C. started D. had started 2.（2018?北京）_________ we don't stop climate change, many animals and plants in the world will be gone. A.Although B.While C.If D.Until 3.（2018?北京）_________ along the old Silk Road is an interesting and rewarding experience. A. Travel B. Traveling C. Having traveled D. Traveled 4.（2018?北京）Susan had quit her well-paid job and _________ as a volunteer in the neighborhood when I visited her last year. A. is working B. was working C. has worked D. had worked 5.（2018?北京）She and her family bicycle to work, _________ helps them keep fit. A. which B. who C. as D. that 6.（2018?北京）During the Mid-Autumn Festival, family members often gather together _________ a meal, admire the moon and enjoy moon cakes. A. share B. to share C. having shared D. shared 7.（2018?北京）China's high-speed railways _________ from 9,000 to 25,000 kilometers in the past few years. A. are growing B. have grown C. will grow D. had grown 8.（2018?北京）In any unsafe situation, simply _________ the button and a highly-trained agent will get you the help you need. A.press B.to press
2015高考英语真题分类汇编
专题一冠词、名词和主谓一致 1.【2015·湖北】21.When he was running after his brother, the boy lost his ___ and had a bad fall. A.balance B .chance C .memory D .place 【答案】A 【考点定位】名词词义辨析 【名师点睛】本题侧重考查在特定的语境中辨析名词词义的能力。四个选项都可以跟前面的动词lose 搭配。考生应抓住题干中关键信息“had a bad fall（重重地摔了一跤）”，不禁会产生疑问：怎么会摔了一跤呢？然后根据搭配l ose one’s balance“失去平衡”锁定正确答案。 2.【2015·湖北】22.He gave himself a new name to hide his ____ when he went to carry out the secret task. A.emotion B.talent C.identity D.treasure 【答案】C 【解析】 试题分析：句意：他执行一项秘密任务时，给自己起了一个新的名字来掩盖身份。A项“情绪”；B项“才能”；C项“身份”；D项“财富”。故选C项。 【考点定位】名词词义辨析 【名师点睛】考生解答本题的关键是抓住题干中的关键词“secret task（秘密任务）”和“gave himself a new name（给自己取了个新名字）”，然后推知肯定是为了“hide his identity（掩藏身份）”，从而锁定正确答案。 3.【2015·安徽】30.There is no need to tell me your answer now. Give it some ______ and then let me know. A. thought B. support C. protection D. authority 【答案】A 【解析】 试题分析：句意：现在没必要告诉我答案，你再思考一下，之后告诉我。A思考；B支持；C保护；D 权威，当局。这里指让对方再好好想想，故选A。 【考点定位】考查名词辨析 【名师点睛】本题考查名词辨析。该种题型要求学生积累一定的词汇量，四个词的意思分别是“思考”；“支持”；“保护”和“权威”；其次，做题时需要结合句意进行综合考虑。根据第一句和“and then let me know”可知，现在不急着告诉“我”答案，由此可知是让对方再想想。 4.【2015·江苏】3 5.—Go and say sorry to your Mom, Dave. —I’d like to, but I’m afraid she won’t be happy with my ______ . A. requests B. excuses C. apologies D. regrets 【答案】C 【解析】 试题分析：句意：—Dave，去跟你的妈妈道歉。—我想这样做，但是我担心她对我的道歉不满意。A项“请求”；B项“借口”；C项“道歉”；D项“遗憾，后悔”。故选C项。 【考点定位】名词词义辨析 【名师点睛】本题侧重考查在情景交际中辨析名词词义的能力。语境较为简单，考生只要抓住上文中的关键词“say sorry to”就可以锁定正确答案。因此，考生可以试着将词汇放在日常的情景交际中进行操练，加强对词汇的语境理解，可以达到事半功倍的效果。 5.【2015·江苏】32.Some schools will have to make ______ in agreement with the national soccer reform. A. judgments B. adjustments C. comments D. achievements 【答案】B 【解析】 试题分析：句意：为了与国家的足球改革相适应，一些学校必须做出调整。A项“判断，决断”；B项“调整”；C项“评价，评论”；D项“成就”。故选B项。 【考点定位】名词词义辨析 【名师点睛】本题侧重考查在特定的语境中辨析名词词义的能力。四个选项都可以跟前面的动词make 搭配。因此，考生除了要充分利用特定语境理解词义，还应注意多积累可以跟同一动词搭配的名词。另外还可以利用固定搭配排除C项make本题侧重考查在特定的语境中辨析名词词义的能力。comments on“对……做出评价/评论”，缩小正确答案的范围。
高考英语专题语法之简单句知识点真题汇编及解析
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