2016年公共英语真题卷-8.22

合集下载

2016年专业英语八级考试真题及答案

2016年专业英语八级考试真题及答案PART I LISTENING COMPREHENSIONSECTION A MINI-LECTUREIn this section you will hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the mini-lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening to the mini-lecture, please complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE and write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each gap. Make sure the word(s) you fill in is (are) both grammatically and semantically acceptable. You may use the blank sheet for note-taking.You have THIRTY seconds to preview the gap-filling task.Now listen to the mini-lecture. When it is over, you will be given THREE minutes to check your work.SECTION B INTERVIEWIn this section you will hear ONE interview. The interview will be divided into TWO parts. At the end of each part, five questions will be asked about what was said. Both the interview and the questions will be spoken ONCE ONLY. After each question there will be a ten-second pause. During the pause, you should read the four choices of A, B, C and D, and mark the best answer to each question on ANSWER SHEET TWO. You have THIRTY seconds to preview the questions.Now, listen to the Part One of the interview. Questions 1 to 5 are based on Part One of the interview.1. A. Maggie’s university life.B. Her mom’s life at Harvard.C. Maggie’s view on studying with Mom.D. Maggie’s opinion on her mom’s major.2. A. They take exams in the same weeks.B. They have similar lecture notes.C. They apply for the same internship.D. They follow the same fashion.3. A. Having roommates.B. Practicing court trails.C. Studying together.D. Taking notes by hand.4. A. Protection.B. Imagination.C. Excitement.D. Encouragement.5. A. Thinking of ways to comfort Mom.B. Occasional interference from Mom.C. Ultimately calls when Maggie is busy.D. Frequent check on Maggie’s grades.Now, listen to the Part Two of the interview. Questions 6 to 10 are based on Part Two of the interview.6. A. Because parents need to be ready for new jobs.B. Because parents love to return to college.C. Because kids require their parents to do so.D. Because kids find it hard to adapt to college life.7. A. Real estate agent.B. Financier.C. Lawyer.D. Teacher.8. A. Delighted.B. Excited.C. Bored.D. Frustrated.9. A. How to make a cake.B. How to make omelets.C. To accept what is taught.D. To plan a future career.10.A. Unsuccessful.B. Gradual.C. Frustrating.D. Passionate.SECTION A MULTIPLE-CHOICE QUESTIONSIn this section there are three passages followed by fourteen multiple choice questions. For each multiple choice question, there are four suggested answers marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that you think is the best answer and mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET TWO.PASSAGE ONE(1)There was music from my neighbor’s house through the summer nights. In his blue gardens men and girls came and went like moths among the whisperings and the champagne and the stars. At high tide in the afternoon I watched his guests divingfrom the tower of his raft or taking the sun on the hot sand of his beach while his two motor-boats slit the waters of the Sound, drawing aquaplanes（滑水板）over cataracts of foam. On weekends Mr. Gatsby’s Rolls-Royce became an omnibus, bearing parties to and from the city between nine in the morning and long past midnight, while his station wagon scampered like a brisk yellow bug to meet all trains. And on Mondays eight servants, including an extra gardener, toiled all day with scrubbing-brushes and hammer and garden-shears, repairing the ravages of the night before.(2)Every Friday five crates of oranges and lemons arrived from a fruiterer in New York – every Monday these same oranges and lemons left his back door in a pyramid of pulpless halves. There was a machine in the kitchen which could extract the juice of two hundred oranges in half an hour, if a little button was pressed two hundred times by a butler’s thumb.(3)At least once a fortnight a corps of caterers came down with several hundred feet of canvas and enough colored lights to make a Christmas tree of Gatsby’s enormous garden. On buffet tables, garnished with glistening hors-d’oeuvre（冷盘）, spiced baked hams crowded against salads of harlequin designs and pastry pigs and turkeys bewitched to a dark gold. In the main hall a bar with a real brass rail was set up, and stocked with gins and liquors and with cordials（加香甜酒）so long forgotten that most of his female guests were too young to know one from another.(4)By seven o’clock the orchestra has arrived – no thin five-piece affair buta whole pitful of oboes and trombones and saxophones and viols and cornets and piccolos and low and high drums. The last swimmers have come in from the beach now and are dressing upstairs; the cars from New York are parked five deep in the drive, and already the halls and salons and verandas are gaudy with primary colors and hair shorn in strange new ways, and shawls beyond the dreams of Castile. The bar is in full swing, and floating rounds of cocktails permeate the garden outside until the air is alive with chatter and laughter and casual innuendo and introductions forgotten on the spot and enthusiastic meetings between women who never knew each other’s names.(5)The lights grow brighter as the earth lurches away from the sun and now the orchestra is playing yellow cocktail music and the opera of voices pitches a key higher. Laughter is easier, minute by minute, spilled with prodigality, tipped out at a cheerful word.(6)The groups change more swiftly, swell with new arrivals, dissolve and form in the same breath – already there are wanderers, confident girls who weave here and there among the stouter and more stable, become for a sharp, joyous moment the center of a group and then excited with triumph glide on through the sea-change of faces and voices and color under the constantly changing light.(7)Suddenly one of these gypsies in trembling opal, seizes a cocktail out of the air, dumps it down for courage and moving her hands like Frisco dances out alone on the canvas platform. A momentary hush; the orchestra leader varies his rhythmobligingly for her and there is a burst of chatter as the erroneous news goes around that she is Gilda Gray’s understudy from the Folies. The party has begun.(8)I believe that on the first night I went to Gatsby’s house I was one of the few guests who had actually been invited. People were not invited – they went there. They got into automobiles which bore them out to Long Island and somehow they ended up at Gatsby’s door. Once there they were introduced by somebody who knew Gatsby, and after that they conducted themselves according to the rules of behavior associated with amusement parks. Sometimes they came and went without having met Gatsby at all, came for the party with a simplicity of heart that was its own ticket of admission.(9)I had been actually invited. A chauffeur in a uniform crossed my lawn early that Saturday morning with a surprisingly formal note from his employer – the honor would be entirely Gatsby’s, it said, if I would attend his “little party” that night. He had seen me several times and had intended to call on me long before but a peculiar combination of circumstances had prevented it – signed Jay Gatsby ina majestic hand.(10)Dressed up in white flannels I went over to his lawn a little after seven and wandered around rather ill-at-ease among swirls and eddies of people I didn’t know – though here and there was a face I had noticed on the commuting train.I was immediately struck by the number of young Englishmen dotted about; all well dressed, all looking a little hungry and all talking in low earnest voices to solid and prosperous Americans. I was sure that they were selling something: bonds or insurance or automobiles. They were, at least, agonizingly aware of the easy money in the vicinity and convinced that it was theirs for a few words in the right key.(11)As soon as I arrived I made an attempt to find my host but the two or three people of whom I asked his whereabouts stared at me in such an amazed way and denied so vehemently any knowledge of his movements that I slunk off in the direction of the cocktail table – the only place in the garden where a single man could linger without looking purposeless and alone.PART II READING COMPREHENSION11.It can be inferred form Para. 1 that Mr. Gatsby ______ through the summer.A.entertained guests from everywhere every weekendB.invited his guests to ride in his Rolls-Royce at weekendsC.liked to show off by letting guests ride in his vehiclesD.indulged himself in parties with people from everywhere12.In Para.4, the word “permeate” probably means ______.A.perishB.pushC.penetrateD.perpetrate13.It can be inferred form Para. 8 that ______.A.guests need to know Gatsby in order to attend his partiesB.people somehow ended up in Gatsby’s house as guestsC.Gatsby usually held garden parties for invited guestsD.guests behaved themselves in a rather formal manner14.According to Para. 10, the author felt ______ at Gatsby’s party.A.dizzyB.dreadfulC.furiousD.awkward15.What can be concluded from Para.11 about Gatsby?A.He was not expected to be present at the parties.B.He was busy receiving and entertaining guests.C.He was usually out of the house at the weekend.D.He was unwilling to meet some of the guests.PASSAGE TWO(1)The Term “CYBERSPACE” was coined by William Gibson, a science-fiction writer. He first used it in a short story in 1982, and expanded on it a couple of years later in a novel, “Neuromancer”, whose main character, Henry Dorsett Case, is a troubled computer hacker and drug addict. In the book Mr Gibson describes cyberspace as “a consensual hallucination experienced daily by billions of legitimate operators”and “a graphic representation of data abstracted from the banks of every computer in the human system.”(2)His literary creation turned out to be remarkably prescient（有先见之明的）. Cyberspace has become shorthand for the computing devices, networks, fibre-optic cables, wireless links and other infrastructure that bring the internet to billions of people around the world. The myriad connections forged by these technologies have brought tremendous benefits to everyone who uses the web to tap into humanity’s collective store of knowledge every day.(3)But there is a darker side to this extraordinary invention. Data breaches are becoming ever bigger and more common. Last year over 800m records were lost, mainly through such attacks. Among the most prominent recent victims has been Target, whose chief executive, Gregg Steinhafel, stood down from his job in May, a few months after the giant American retailer revealed that online intruders had stolen millions of digital records about its customers, including credit- and debit-card details. Other well-known firms such as Adobe, a tech company, and eBay, an online marketplace, have also been hit.(4) The potential damage, though, extends well beyond such commercial incursions. Wider concerns have been raised by the revelations about the mass surveillance carried out by Western intelligence agencies made by Edward Snowden, a contractor to America’s National Security Agency (NSA), as well as by the growing numbers of cyber-warriors being recruited by countries that see cyberspace as a new domain of warfare. America’s president, Barack Obama, said in a White House press release earlier this year that cyber-threats “pose one of the gravest national-security dangers” the country is facing.(5)Securing cyberspace is hard because the architecture of the internet was designed to promote connectivity, not security. Its founders focused on getting it to work and did not worry much about threats because the network was affiliated with America’s military. As hackers turned up, layers of security, from antivirus programs to firewalls, were added to try to keep them at bay. Gartner, a research firm, reckons that last year organizations around the globe spent $67 billion on information security.(6)On the whole, these defenses have worked reasonably well. For all the talk about the risk of a “cyber 9/11”, the internet has proved remarkably resilient. Hundreds of millions of people turn on their computers every day and bank online, shop at virtual stores, swap gossip and photos with their friends on social networks and send all kinds of sensitive data over the web without ill effect. Companies and governments are shifting ever more services online.(7)But the task is becoming harder. Cyber-security, which involves protecting both data and people, is facing multiple threats, notably cybercrime and online industrial espionage, both of which are growing rapidly. A recent estimate by the Centre for Strategic and International Studies (CSIS), puts the annual global cost of digital crime and intellectual-property theft at $445 billion – a sum roughly equivalent to the GDP of a smallish rich European country such as Austria.(8)To add to the worries, there is also the risk of cyber-sabotage. Terrorists or agents of hostile powers could mount attacks on companies and systems that control vital parts of an economy, including power stations, electrical grids and communications networks. Such attacks are hard to pull off, but not impossible. One precedent is the destruction in 2010 of centrifuges（离心机）at a nuclear facility in Iran by a computer program known as Stuxnet.(9)But such events are rare. The biggest day-to-day threats faced by companies and government agencies come from crooks and spooks hoping to steal financial data and trade secrets. For example, smarter, better-organized hackers are making life tougher for the cyber-defenders, but the report will argue that even so a number of things can be done to keep everyone safer than they are now.(10)One is to ensure that organizations get the basics of cyber-security right. All too often breaches are caused by simple blunders, such as failing to separate systems containing sensitive data from those that do not need access to them. Companies also need to get better at anticipating where attacks may be coming from and at adapting their defences swiftly in response to new threats. Technology can help, as can industry initiatives that allow firms to share intelligence about riskswith each other.(11)There is also a need to provide incentives to improve cyber-security, be they carrots or sticks. One idea is to encourage internet-service providers, or the companies that manage internet connections, to shoulder more responsibility for identifying and helping to clean up computers infected with malicious software. Another is to find ways to ensure that software developers produce code with fewer flaws in it so that hackers have fewer security holes to exploit.(12)An additional reason for getting tech companies to give a higher priority to security is that cyberspace is about to undergo another massive change. Over the next few years billions of new devices, from cars to household appliances and medical equipment, will be fitted with tiny computers that connect them to the web and make them more useful. Dubbed “the internet of things”, this is already making it possible, for example, to control home appliances using smartphone apps and to monitor medical devices remotely.(13)But unless these systems have adequate security protection, the internet of things could easily become the internet of new things to be hacked. Plenty of people are eager to take advantage of any weaknesses they may spot. Hacking used to be about geeky college kids tapping away in their bedrooms to annoy their elders. It has grown up with a vengeance.16.Cyberspace is described by William Gibson as ______.A. a function only legitimate computer operators haveB. a representation of data from the human systemC.an important element stored in the human systemD.an illusion held by the common computer users17.Which of the following statements BEST summarizes the meaning of the first fourparagraphs?A.Cyberspace has more benefits than defects.B.Cyberspace is like a double-edged sword.C.Cyberspace symbolizes technological advance.D.Cyberspace still remains a sci-fi notion.18.According to Para. 5, the designing principles of the internet and cyberspacesecurity are ______.A.controversialplimentaryC.contradictoryD.congruent19.What could be the most appropriate title for the passage?A.Cyber Crime and Its Prevention.B.The Origin of Cyber Crime.C.How to Deal with Cyber Crime.D.The Definition of Cyber Crime.PASSAGE THREE(1)You should treat skeptically the loud cries now coming from colleges and universities that the last bastion of excellence in American education is being gutted by state budget cuts and mounting costs. Whatever else it is, higher education is not a bastion of excellence. It is shot through with waste, lax academic standards and mediocre teaching and scholarship.(2)True, the economic pressures – from the Ivy League to state systems – are intense. Last year, nearly two-thirds of schools had to make midyear spending cuts to stay within their budgets. It is also true (as university presidents and deans argue) that relieving those pressures merely by raising tuitions and cutting courses will make matters worse. Students will pay more and get less. The university presidents and deans want to be spared from further government budget cuts. Their case is weak.(3)Higher education is a bloated enterprise. Too many professors do too little teaching to too many ill-prepared students. Costs can be cut and quality improved without reducing the number of graduates. Many colleges and universities should shrink. Some should go out of business. Consider:●Except for elite schools, admissions standards are low. About 70 percent offreshmen at four-year colleges and universities attend their first-choice schools. Roughly 20 percent go to their second choices. Most schools have eagerly boosted enrollments to maximize revenues (tuition and statesubsidies).●Dropout rates are high. Half or more of freshmen don’t get degrees. A recentstudy of PhD programs at 10 major universities also found high dropout rates for doctoral candidates.●The attrition among undergraduates is particularly surprising becausecollege standards have apparently fallen. One study of seven top schools found widespread grade inflation. In 1963, half of the students in introductory philosophy courses got a B – or worse. By 1986, only 21 percent did. If elite schools have relaxed standards, the practice is almost surely widespread.●Faculty teaching loads have fallen steadily since the 1960s. In majoruniversities, senior faculty members often do less than two hours a day of teaching. Professors are “socialized to publish, teach graduate students and spend as little time teaching (undergraduates) as possible,” concludes James Fairweather of Penn State University in a new study. Faculty payconsistently rises as undergraduate teaching loads drop.Universities have encouraged an almost mindless explosion of graduate degrees.Since 1960, the number of masters’ degrees awarded annually has risen more than fourfold to 337,000. Between 1965 and 1989, the annual number of MBAs (masters in business administration) jumped from 7,600 to 73,100.(4)Even so, our system has strengths. It boasts many top-notch schools and allows almost anyone to go to college. But mediocrity is pervasive. We push as many freshmen as possible through the door, regardless of qualifications. Because bachelors’degrees are so common, we create more graduate degrees of dubious worth. Does anyone believe the MBA explosion has improved management?(5)You won’t hear much about this from college deans or university presidents. They created this mess and are its biggest beneficiaries. Large enrollments support large faculties. More graduate students liberate tenured faculty from undergraduate teaching to concentrate on writing and research: the source of status. Richard Huber, a former college dean, writes knowingly in a new book (“How Professors Play the Cat Guarding the Cream: Why We’re Paying More and Getting Less in Higher Education”): Presidents, deans and trustees ... call for more recognition of good teaching with prizes and salary incentives.(6)The reality is closer to the experience of Harvard University’s distinguished paleontologist Stephen Jay Gould: “To be perfectly honest, though lip service is given to teaching, I have never seriously heard teaching considered in any meeting for promotion... Writing is the currency of prestige and promotion.”(7)About four-fifths of all students attend state-subsidized systems, from community colleges to prestige universities. How governors and state legislatures deal with their budget pressures will be decisive. Private schools will, for better or worse, be influenced by state actions. The states need to do three things.(8)First, create genuine entrance requirements. Today’s low standards tell high school students: You don’t have to work hard to go to college. States should change the message by raising tuitions sharply and coupling the increase with generous scholarships based on merit and income. To get scholarships, students would have to pass meaningful entrance exams. Ideally, the scholarships should be available for use at in-state private schools. All schools would then compete for students on the basis of academic quality and costs. Today’s system of general tuition subsidies provides aid to well-to-do families that don’t need it or to unqualified students who don’t deserve it.(8)Next, states should raise faculty teaching loads, mainly at four-year schools. (Teaching loads at community colleges are already high.) This would cut costs and reemphasize the primacy of teaching at most schools. What we need are teachers who know their fields and can communicate enthusiasm to students. Not all professors can be path-breaking scholars. The excessive emphasis on scholarship generates many unread books and mediocre articles in academic journals. “You can’t do more of one (research) without less of the other (teaching),” says Fairweather. “Peopleare working hard – it’s just where they’re working.”(10)Finally, states should reduce or eliminate the least useful graduate programs. Journalism (now dubbed “communications”), business and education are prime candidates. A lot of what they teach can – and should – be learned on the job. If colleges and universities did a better job of teaching undergraduates, there would be less need for graduate degrees.(11)Our colleges and universities need to provide a better education to deserving students. This may mean smaller enrollments, but given today’s attrition rates, the number of graduates need not drop. Higher education could become a bastion of excellence, if we would only try.20.It can be concluded from Para.3 that the author was ______ towards the education.A.indifferentB.neutralC.positiveD.negative21.The following are current problems facing all American universities EXCEPT______.A.high dropout ratesB.low admission standardsC.low undergraduate teaching loadsD.explosion of graduate degrees22.In order to ensure teaching quality, the author suggests that the states do allthe following EXCEPT ______.A.set entrance requirementsB.raise faculty teaching loadsC.increase undergraduate programsD.reduce useless graduate programs23.“Prime candidates” in Para. 10 is used as ________.A.euphemismB.metaphorC.analogyD.personification24.What is the author’s main argument in the passage?A.American education can remain excellent by ensuring state budget.B.Professors should teach more undergraduates than postgraduates.C.Academic standard are the main means to ensure educational quality.D.American education can remain excellent only by raising teaching quality.SECTION B SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONSIn this section there are eight short answer questions based on the passages in Section A. Answer each question in NO more than 10 words in the space provided on ANSWER SHEET TWO.PASSAGE ONE25.From the description of the party preparation, what words can you see to depictGatby’s party?26.How do you summarize the party scene in Para. 6?PASSAGE TWO27.What do the cases of Target, Adobe and eBay in Para. 3 show?28.Why does the author say the task is becoming harder in Para. 7?29.What is the conclusion of the whole passage?PASSAGE THREE30.What does the author mean by saying “Their case is weak” in Para. 2?31.What does “grade inflation” in Para. 3 mean?32.What does the author mean when he quotes Richard Huber in Para. 5?PART III LANGUAGE USAGEThe passage contains TEN errors. Each indicated line contains a maximum of ONE error. In each case, only ONE word is involved. You should proof-read the passage and correct it in the following way:For a wrong word, underline the wrong word and write the correct one in theblank provided at the end of the line.For a missing word, mark the position of the missing word with a “∧” signand write the word you believe to be missing in the blankprovided at the end of the line.For an unnecessary word, cross the unnecessary word with a slash “/” and put the word in the blank provided at the end of the line.ExampleWhen∧art museum wants a new exhibit, (1) anit never buys things in finished form and hangs (2) never them on the wall. When a natural history museumwants an exhibition, it must often build it. (3) exhibitProofread the given passage on ANSWER SHEET THREE as instructed.PART IV TRANSLATIONTranslate the underlined part of the following text from Chinese into English. Write your translation on ANSWER SHEET THREE.流逝，表现了南国人对时间最早的感觉。

2016年考研英语二真题及答案

2016年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语二试题Section I Use of EnglishDirections：Read the following text.Choose the best word(s)for each numbered black and mark A,B,C or D on ANSWER SHEET1.(10points)Happy people work differently.They’re more productive,more creative,and willing to take greater risks.And new research suggests that happiness might influence___1___firms work,too.Companies located in places with happier people invest more,according to a recent research paper.___2___,firms in happy places spend more on R&D(research and development).That’s because happiness is linked to the kind of longer-term thinking___3___for making investments for the future.The researchers wanted to know if the___4___and inclination for risk-taking that come with happiness would ___5___the way companies invested.So they compared U.S.cities’average happiness___6___by Gallup polling with the investment activity of publicly traded firms in those areas.___7___enough,firms’investment and R&D intensity were correlated with the happiness of the area in which they were___8___.But is it really happiness that’s linked to investment,or could something else about happier cities___9___ why firms there spend more on R&D?To find out,the researchers controlled for various___10___that might make firms more likely to invest–like size,industry,and sales–and for indicators that a place was___11___to live in,like growth in wages or population.The link between happiness and investment generally___12___even after accounting for these things.The correlation between happiness and investment was particularly strong for younger firms,which the authors ___13___to“less codified decision making process”and the possible presence of“younger and less___14___managers who are more likely to be influenced by sentiment.”The relationship was___15___stronger in places where happiness was spread more___16___.Firms seem to invest more in places where most people are relatively happy,rather than in places with happiness inequality.___17___this doesn’t prove that happiness causes firms to invest more or to take a longer-term view,the authors believe it at least___18___at that possibility.It’s not hard to imagine that local culture and sentiment would help___19___ how executives think about the future.“It surely seems plausible that happy people would be more forward-thinking and creative and___20___R&D more than the average,”said one researcher.1.[A]why[B]where[C]how[D]when2.[A]In return[B]In particular[C]In contrast[D]In conclusion3.[A]sufficient[B]famous[C]perfect[D]necessary4.[A]individualism[B]modernism[C]optimism[D]realism5.[A]echo[B]miss[C]spoil[D]change6.[A]imagined[B]measured[C]invented[D]assumed7.[A]Sure[B]Odd[C]Unfortunate[D]Often8.[A]advertised[B]divided[C]overta x ed[D]headquartered9.[A]explain[B]overstate[C]summarize[D]emphasize10.[A]stages[B]factors[C]levels[D]methods11.[A]desirable[B]sociable[C]reputable[D]reliable12.[A]resumed[B]held[C]emerged[D]broke13.[A]attribute[B]assign[C]transfer[D]compare14.[A]serious[B]civilized[C]ambitious[D]experienced15.[A]thus[B]instead[C]also[D]never16.[A]rapidly[B]regularly[C]directly[D]equally17.[A]After[B]Until[C]While[D]Since18.[A]arrives[B]jumps[C]hints[D]strikes19.[A]shape[B]rediscover[C]simplify[D]share20.[A]pray for[B]lean towards[C]give away[D]send outSectionⅡReading ComprehensionPart ADirections：Read the following four texts.Answer the questions below each text by choosing A,B,C or D.Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET1.(40points)Text1It’s true that high-school coding classes aren’t essential for learning computer science in college.Students without experience can catch up after a few introductory courses,said Tom Cortina,the assistant dean at Carnegie Mellon’s School of Computer Science.However,Cortina said,early e x posure is beneficial.When younger kids learn computer science,they learn that it’s not just a confusing,endless string of letters and numbers–but a tool to build apps,or create artwork,or test hypotheses. It’s not as hard for them to transform their thought processes as it is for older students.Breaking down problems into bite-sized chunks and using code to solve them becomes normal.Giving more children this training could increase the number of people interested in the field and help fill the jobs gap,Cortina said.Students also benefit from learning something about coding before they get to college,where introductory computer-science classes are packed to the brim,which can drive the less-experienced or-determined students away.The Flatiron School,where people pay to learn programming,started as one of the many coding bootcamps that’s become popular for adults looking for a career change.The high-schoolers get the same curriculum,but“we try to gear lessons toward things they’re interested in,”said Victoria Friedman,an instructor.For instance,one of the apps the students are developing suggests movies based on your mood.The students in the Flatiron class probably won’t drop out of high school and build the next Facebook.Programming languages have a quick turnover,so the“Ruby on Rails”language they learned may not even be relevant by the time they enter the job market.But the skills they learn–how to think logically through a problem and organize the results–apply to any coding language,said Deborah Seehorn,an education consultant for the state of North Carolina.Indeed,the Flatiron students might not go into IT at all.But creating a future army of coders is not the sole purpose of the classes.These kids are going to be surrounded by computers—in their pockets,in their offices,in their homes—for the rest of their lives,The younger they learn how computers think,how to coax the machine into producing what they want —the earlier they learn that they have the power to do that—the better.21.Cortina holds that early e x posure to computer science makes it easier to________.[A]complete future job training[B]remodel the way of thinking[C]formulate logical hypotheses[D]perfect artwork production22.In delivering lessons for high-schoolers,Flatiron has considered their________.[A]experience[B]interest[C]career prospects[D]academic backgrounds23.Deborah Seehorn believes that the skills learned at Flatiron will________.[A]help students learn other computer languages[B]have to be upgraded when new technologies come[C]need improving when students look for jobs[D]enable students to make big quick money24.According to the last paragraph,Flatiron students are expected to________.[A]bring forth innovative computer technologies[B]stay longer in the information technology industry[C]become better prepared for the digitalized world[D]compete with a future army of programmers25.The word“coax”(Line4,Para.6)is closest in meaning to________.[A]persuade[B]frighten[C]misguide[D]challengeText2Biologists estimate that as many as2million lesser prairie chickens—a kind of bird living on stretching grasslands—once lent red to the often grey landscape of the midwestern and southwestern United States.But just some22,000birds remain today,occupying about16%of the species'historic range.The crash was a major reason the U.S.Fish and Wildlife Service(USFWS)decided to formally list the bird as threatened.“The lesser prairie chicken is in a desperate situation,”said USFWS Director Daniel Ashe.Some environmentalists,however,were disappointed.They had pushed the agency to designate the bird as“endangered”,a status that gives federal officials greater regulatory power to crack down on threats.But Ashe and others argued that the “threatened”tag gave the federal government flexibility to try out new,potentially less confrontational conservations approaches.In particular,they called for forging closer collaborations with western state governments,which are often uneasy with federal action,and with the private landowners who control an estimated95%of the prairie chicken's habitat.Under the plan,for example,the agency said it would not prosecute landowner or businesses that unintentionally kill, harm,or disturb the bird,as long as they had signed a range—wide management plan to restore prairie chicken habitat. Negotiated by USFWS and the states,the plan requires individuals and businesses that damage habitat as part of their operations to pay into a fund to replace every acre destroyed with2new acres of suitable habitat.The fund will also be used to compensate landowners who set aside FWS also set an interim goal of restoring prairie chicken populations to an annual average of67,000birds over the next10years.And it gives the Western Association of Fish and Wildlife Agencies(WAFWA),a coalition of state agencies,the job of monitoring progress.Overall,the idea is to let“states”remain in the driver's seat for managing the species,”Ashe said.Not everyone buys the win-win rhetoric.Some Congress members are trying to block the plan,and at least a dozen industry groups,four states,and three environmental groups are challenging it in federal court.Not surprisingly,industry groups and states generally argue it goes too far;environmentalists say it doesn’t go far enough.“The federal government is giving responsibility for managing the bird to the same industries that are pushing it to extinction,”says biologist JayLininger.26.The major reason for listing the lesser prairie chicken as threatened is.________.[A]its drastically decreased population[B]the underestimate of the grassland acreage[C]a desperate appeal from some biologists[D]the insistence of private landowners27.The“threatened”tag disappointed some environmentalists in that it________.[A]was a give-in to governmental pressure[B]would involve fewer agencies in action[C]granted less federal regulatory power[D]went against conservation policies28.It can be learned from Paragraph3that unintentional harm-doers will not be prosecuted if they________.[A]agree to pay a sum for compensation[B]volunteer to set up an equally big habitat[C]offer to support the WAFWA monitoring job[D]promise to raise funds for USFWS operations29.According to Ashe,the leading role in managing the species is________.[A]the federal government[B]the wildlife agencies[C]the landowners[D]the states30.Jay Lininger would most likely support________.[A]industry groups[B]the win-win rhetoric[C]environmental groups[D]the plan under challengeText3That everyone's too busy these days is a cliché.But one specific complaint is made especially mournfully:There's never any time to read.What makes the problem thornier is that the usual time-management techniques don't seem sufficient.The web's full of articles offering tips on making time to read:“Give up TV”or“Carry a book with you at all times.”But in my experience, using such methods to free up the odd30minutes doesn't work.Sit down to read and the flywheel of work-related thoughts keeps spinning—or else you're so e x hausted that a challenging book's the last thing you need.The modern mind,Tim Parks, a novelist and critic,writes,“is overwhelmingly inclined toward communication…It is not simply that one is interrupted;it is that one is actually inclined to interruption.”Deep reading requires not just time,but a special kind of time which can't be obtained merely by becoming more efficient.In fact,“becoming more efficient”is part of the problem.Thinking of time as a resource to be maximised means you approach it instrumentally,judging any given moment as well spent only in so far as it advances progress toward some goal.Immersive reading,by contrast,depends on being willing to risk inefficiency,goallessness,even time-wasting.Try to slot it as a to-do list item and you'll manage only goal-focused reading—useful,sometimes,but not the most fulfilling kind.“The future comes at us like empty bottles along an unstoppable and nearly infinite conveyor belt,”writes Gary Eberle in his book Sacred Time,and“we feel a pressure to fill these different-sized bottles(days,hours,minutes)as they pass,for if they get by without being filled,we will have wasted them.”No mind-set could be worse for losing yourself in a book.So what does work?Perhaps surprisingly,scheduling regular times for reading.You'd think this might fuel the efficiency mind-set,but in fact,Eberle notes,such ritualistic behavior helps us“step outside time's flow”into“soul time”. You could limit distractions by reading only physical books,or on single-purpose e-readers.“Carry a book with you at all times”can actually work,too—providing you dip in often enough,so that reading becomes the default state from which you temporarily surface to take care of business,before dropping back down.On a really good day,it no longer feels as if you're“making time to read,”but just reading,and making time for everything else.31.The usual time-management techniques don’t work because________.[A]what they can offer does not ease the modern mind[B]what challenging books demand is repetitive reading[C]what people often forget is carrying a book with them[D]what deep reading requires cannot be guaranteed32.The“empty bottles”metaphor illustrates that people feel a pressure to________.[A]update their to-do lists[B]make passing time fulfilling[C]carry their plans through[D]pursue carefree reading33.Eberle would agree that scheduling regular times for reading helps________.[A]encourage the efficiency mind-set[B]develop online reading habits[C]promote ritualistic reading[D]achieve immersive reading34.“Carry a book with you at all times”can work if________.[A]reading becomes your primary business of the day[B]all the daily business has been promptly dealt with[C]you are able to drop back to business after reading[D]time can be evenly split for reading and business35.The best title for this text could be________.[A]How to Enjoy Easy Reading[B]How to Find Time to Read[C]How to Set Reading Goals[D]How to Read E x tensivelyText4Against a backdrop of drastic changes in economy and population structure,younger Americans are drawing a new21st-century road map to success,a latest poll has found.Across generational lines,Americans continue to prize many of the same traditional milestones of a successful life, including getting married,having children,owning a home,and retiring in their sixties.But while young and old mostly agree on what constitutes the finish line of a fulfilling life,they offer strikingly different paths for reaching it.Young people who are still getting started in life were more likely than older adults to prioritize personal fulfillment in their work,to believe they will advance their careers most by regularly changing jobs,to favor communities with more public services and a faster pace of life,to agree that couples should be financially secure before getting married or having children,and to maintain that children are best served by two parents working outside the home,the survey found.From career to community and family,these contrasts suggest that in the aftermath of the searing Great Recession, those just starting out in life are defining priorities and expectations that will increasingly spread through virtually all aspects of American life,from consumer preferences to housing patterns to politics.Young and old converge on one key point:Overwhelming majorities of both groups said they believe it is harder for young people today to get started in life than it was for earlier generations.While younger people are somewhat more optimistic than their elders about the prospects for those starting out today,big majorities in both groups believe those“just getting started in life”face a tougher climb than earlier generations in reaching such signpost achievements as securing a good-paying job,starting a family,managing debt,and finding affordable housing.Pete Schneider considers the climb tougher today.Schneider,a27-year-old auto technician from the Chicago suburbs, says he struggled to find a job after graduating from college.Even now that he is working steadily,he said.”I can’t afford to pay my monthly mortgage payments on my own,so I have to rent rooms out to people to mark that happen.”Looking back,he is struck that his parents could provide a comfortable life for their children even though neither had completed college when he was young.“I still grew up in an upper middle-class home with parents who didn’t have college degrees,”Schneider said.“I don’t think people are capable of that anymore.”36.One cross-generation mark of a successful life is________.[A]trying out different lifestyles[B]having a family with children[C]working beyond retirement age[D]setting up a profitable business37.It can be learned from Paragraph3that young people tend to________.[A]favor a slower life pace[B]hold an occupation longer[C]attach importance to pre-marital finance[D]give priority to childcare outside the home38.The priorities and e x pectations defined by the young will________.[A]become increasingly clear[B]focus on materialistic issues[C]depend largely on political preferences[D]reach almost all aspects of American life39.Both young and old agree that________.[A]good-paying jobs are less available[B]the old made more life achievements[C]housing loans today are easy to obtain[D]getting established is harder for the young40.Which of the following is true about Schneider?[A]He found a dream job after graduating from college.[B]His parents believe working steadily is a must for success.[C]His parents’good life has little to do with a college degree.[D]He thinks his job as a technician quite challenging.Part BDirections：Read the following text and answer the questions by choosing the most suitable subheading from the list A-G for each numbered paragraph(41-45).There are two extra subheadings which you do not need to use.Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.(10points)[A]Be silly[B]Have fun[C]Express your emotions[D]Don't overthink it[E]Be easily pleased[F]Notice things[G]Ask for helpAct Your Shoe Size,Not Your Age.As adults,it seems that we are constantly pursuing happiness,often with mixed results.Yet children appear to have it down to an art—and for the most part they don't need self-help books or therapy.Instead,they look after their wellbeing instinctively,and usually more effectively than we do as grownups.Perhaps it's time to learn a few lessons from them.41.________________What does a child do when he's sad?He cries.When he's angry?He shouts.Scared?Probably a bit of both.As we grow up,we learn to control our emotions so they are manageable and don't dictate our behaviours,which is in many ways a good thing.But too often we take this process too far and end up suppressing emotions,especially negative ones.That’s about as effective as brushing dirt under a carpet and can even make us ill.What we need to do is find a way to acknowledge and express what we feel appropriately,and then—again,like children—move on.42.________________A couple of Christmases ago,my youngest stepdaughter,who was nine years old at the time,got a Superman T-shirt for Christmas.It cost less than a fiver but she was overjoyed,and couldn't stop talking about it.Too often we believe that a new job,bigger house or better car will be the magic silver bullet that will allow us to finally be content,but the reality is these things have very little lasting impact on our happiness levels.Instead,being grateful for small things every day is a much better way to improve wellbeing.43.________________Have you ever noticed how much children laugh?If we adults could indulge in a bit of silliness and giggling,we would reduce the stress hormones in our bodies,increase good hormones like endorphins,improve blood flow to our hearts and even have a greater chance of fighting off infection.All of which would,of course,have a positive effect on our happiness levels.44.________________The problem with being a grownup is that there's an awful lot of serious stuff to deal with—work,mortgage payments, figuring out what to cook for dinner.But as adults we also have the lu x ury of being able to control our own diaries and it's important that we schedule in time to enjoy the things we love.Those things might be social,sporting,creative or completely random(dancing around the living room,anyone?)——it doesn't matter,so long as they're enjoyable,and not likely to have negative side effects,such as drinking too much alcohol or going on a wild spending spree if you're on a tight budget.45.________________Having said all of the above,it's important to add that we shouldn't try too hard to be happy.Scientists tell us this can backfire and actually have a negative impact on our wellbeing.As the Chinese philosopher Chuang Tzu is reported to have said:“Happiness is the absence of striving for happiness.”And in that,once more,we need to look to the example of our children,to whom happiness is not a goal but a natural byproduct of the way they live.SectionⅢTranslation46.Direction：Translate the following text into Chinese.Write your translation on ANSWER SHEET.(15points)The supermarket is designed to lure customers into spending as much time as possible within its doors.The reason for this is simple:The longer you stay in the store,the more stuff you'll see,and the more stuff you see,the more you'll buy. And supermarkets contain a lot of stuff.The average supermarket,according to the Food Marketing Institute,carries some 44,000different items,and many carry tens of thousands more.The sheer volume of available choice is enough to send shoppers into a state of information overload.According to brain-scan experiments,the demands of so much decision-making quickly become too much for us.After about40minutes of shopping,most people stop struggling to be rationally selective,and instead begin shopping emotionally—which is the point at which we accumulate the50percent of stuff in our cart that we never intended buying.SectionⅣWritingPart A47.Directions：Suppose you won a translation contest and your friend,Jack,wrote an email to congratulate you and ask for advice on translation.Write him a reply to1)thank him,and2)give advice.You should write about100words on the ANSWER SHEET.Do not sign your own e Li Ming instead.Do not write your address.(10points)Part B48.Directions：Write an essay based on the following chart.In your writing,you should1)interpret the chart,and2)give your comments.You should write about150words on the ANSWER SHEET.(15points)2016年英语二真题答案Section I Use of English1．C2．B3．D4．C5．D6．B7．A8．D9．A10．B 11．A12．B13．A14．D15．C16．D17．C18．C19．A20．BSectionⅡReading ComprehensionPart AText121—25BBACAText226—30ACADCText331—35DBDABText436—40BCDDCPart B41—45CEABDSectionⅢTranslation超市设计的目的就是为了吸引顾客花尽可能多的时间在卖场选购。

2020年公共英语真题卷-8.22

文档收集于互联网，已重新整理排版.word 版本可编辑,有帮助欢迎下载支持. 2016年河南省普通高等学校选拨优秀专科毕业生进入本科阶段学习考试公共英语模拟试卷注意事项：答题前，考生务必将自己的姓名、考场号、座位号、考生号填写在答题卡上。

本卷的试题答案必须答在答题卡上，答在卷上无效。

Part LVocabulary and structure (40 points) Directions: There are 40 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the ONE answer that best completes the sentences, and then write the choice on theAnswer Sheet. 1. Jane hadn't been to London before. ______had her husband. A. Neither B. Either C. So D. Or 2. No sooner had he arrived in Rome ______ he heard of the good news. A. when B. than C. then D.until 3.I'm for the suggestion that a special board ______ to examine the problem. A. be set up B. will be set up C.must be set up D.has to be set up 4. The disabled children need many things,but ______,they need love. A. first of all B.not at all C.after all D.all in all 5. The coal industry in the north of China is now barely half itses ______size. A. formal B.former tter ter ）____________ 姓名_____________ 考生号__________________ 座位号_______________ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------6. The football player is hoping to______to Another team soon.A. transferB.transportC.transplantD.transact7. ______the garden, the old man went to have a rest.A.Having been wateredB. WateringC.Having wateredD.Being watered8. Her______to the job left her with very little free time.A. devotionB.faithC.trustD.interest9.The children have been______since their father left.A.out of styleB.under controlC.out of controlD.in style10.It is reported______great changes have been made with the application of the new policy.A.whichB. thatC. whileD.what11.The manager promised to keep me______ of how the project was going.A. be informedB. informedC. informrming12. He announced that the co mpany had been transferred to______city.A. anotherB. othersC. the otherD.one another13. A great cheer went up from the crowd as they caught______of the hero.A. visionB. viewC. sightD.glance14.Physics______my favorite subject when I studied in the university.A.wereB.wasC.isD.are15. ______ we can succeed or not depends on how well we cooperate with others.A. ThenB. ThusC. WhatD. Whether16. I will lend you the book______ you return it to me in time.A. on condition thatB. in caseC. in order thatD. so that17. Mr.Brown is supposed to_______for Italy last month.A. be leavingB.have leftC.leaveD.have been left18. -Did you enjoy the TV program last night?-No, ______not.A. particularlyB.obviouslyC.surprisinglyD.normally19. We are disappointed yesterday because it wasn' t such a good dinner______she had promised us.A. likeB.asC. whichD.what20. She walked along the path,______ her daughter close behind.A. followingB. followC. to followD. was followed21. She insisted that the seats in the theater______ in advance to insure a better view.A. bookedB. be bookedC. are bookedD. were to book22. We are sometimes_______of selfishness in our lives,though we are mostly generous in personality.A. miserableB. greedyC. guiltyD. sorty23. The teacher doesn't allow his students_______on the exam.A. cheatedB.cheatingC. cheatD. to cheat24. There is a lot of evidence______too much stress is partly responsible for the disease.A. whatB. whichC. asD.that25.“______”everyone's here,”she said, "let's begin to discuss the solution to the problems we have found.”A. As far asB. Now thatC. So farD.By far26. Most computer users are ______ threat from computer viruses.A. withinB. uponC. towardsD.under27. No matter how ______，it's impossible that he has never lost money.A. a businessman smart isB. a businessman is smartC. smart is a businessmanD. smart a businessman is28. David told the truth______to annoy her,and she was angry for being betrayed by her goodfriend.A. on purposeB.in needC.in detailD.at all29.The classroom is quite clean______some waste paper on the floor.A. except forB.besidesC.exceptD.without30.The bad weather______the building program by several weeks.A. went onB.put onC.set backD.built up31. They naturally hope that their choice of the play will be______ with the school and parents.A. pleasingB. welcomeC. kindD. popular32. These two pictures are so______ that it's very difficult to tell them apart.A. exactB. familiarC. likelyD. similar33. These tickets for the performance are______until the end of the month.A. acceptableB. availableC. advisableD. applicable34. Please______the water tap when you have finished your washing.A. turn onB. turn offC. turn outD. turn over35. Don't associate with bad boys______your whole life will be ruinedA. orB. butC. andD. so that36. I shall have a companion in the house after all these______years.A. aloneB. lonelyC. singleD. simple37. You______if you had had higher score in the examination.A. must have got scholarshipB. would have got scholarshipC. should get scholarshipD. had got scholarship38. The bank has established______in many big cities in the world.A. partsB. twigsC. benchesD. branches39. While studying,he financially depended______his wife.A. onB. ofC. toD. from40. Only in this way______out of the plan.A. you can talk himB. can you talk himC. him you can talkD. him can you talkPart II Cloze (20 points)Directions:There are 20 blanks in the following passage.For each blank there are four choices marked A,B, C and D. You should choose the one that best fits into the passage and mark the corresponding letter ohthe Answer Sheet.Who won the World Cup 1994 football game? What happened at the United Nations? How did the critics like the new play? 41 an event takes place, newspapers are on the streets 42 the details. Wherever anything happens in the world, reports are on the spot to 43 the news.Newspapers have one basic 44 ，to get the news as quickly as possible from its source, from those who make it to those who want to 45 it. Radio, telegraph, television, and 46 invetions brought competition for newspapers. So did the development of magazines and other means of communication. 47，this competition merely spurred the newspapers on. They quickly made use of the newer and faster means of communication to improve the 48 and thus the efficiency of their own operations. Today more newspapers are 49 and read than ever before. Competition also led newspapers to branch out to many other fields. Besides keeping readers 50 of the latest news, today's newspapers 51 and influence readers about politics and other important and serious matters. Newspapers influence readers' economic choices 52 advertising. Most newspapers depend on advertising for their very 53.Newspapers are sold at a price that 54 even a small fraction of the cost of production. The maines 55 of income for most newspapers is commercial advertising. The 56 in selling advertising depends on a newspaper's value to advertisers. This 57 in terms ofcirculation. How many people read the newspaper? Circulation depends 58 on the work of the circulation department and on the services or entertainment 59 in a newspaper's pages. But for the most part,circulation depends on a newspaper's value to readers as a source of information 60 the community, city, country, state,nation, and world-and even outer space.B.WhileC.Soon afterD.Beforegive B.giving C.given D.being givenB.spreadC.carryD.bringB.causeC.problemD.purposeB.publishC.lcnowD.writeB.otherC.one anotherD.the otherB.AndC.ThereforeD.SoB.ratioC.rateD.speedB.passedC.printedpletedB.be informedC.to be informedD. informedB.encouragecateD.editB.throughC.withD.ofB.existenceC.contentsD.purposeto cover B.manages to cover C.fails to cover D.succeeds inB.ortgmC.courseD.financeB.meansC.chanceD.successB.measuredC.is measuredD.was measuredB.littleC.muchD.somethingB.offeredC.which offeredD.to be offeredB.withC.atD.aboutPart III Reading Comprehension(40 points)Directions:There are 4 passages in this part.Each passage is followed by some questions or incomplete statements.For each of them there are 4 choices marked A, B, C and D.You should decide on the best choice, and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.Passage1Many post-80s couples are complaining that going to the movies shopping or attending parties have become i impossible since their kids were born. That's the way most parents are living their lives,no weekends of their own, no time to visit friends, not even a chance of promotion in their jobs.Asking help from their parents might be a way out,but problems are that some aging parents are not strong enough to take care of the kids,and that the ki ds may also become too spoiled by their grandparents.Then, here comes a solution: families with kids can form a small group, and parents of each family can take turns to look after all the kids in this group on weekends. Thus, other parents can have some quiet time and fell free to do something they' ve been planning for a long time. At the same time, the kids can make new friends and won' t be hanging around their parents all day Iong.This is baby-pooling.61. Many post-80s couples can’t go to the movies, shop or attend parties because______.A .they have to look after their kids C. they are busy with their workB. they have to look after their parents D. they have no money62. In paragraph 2, "a way out" means______.A. out of dateB. a solutionC. without questionD. a complaint63. According to the last paragraph, the solution to the problem of post-80s couples isthat______.A. families with kids form a small group C. they give up their jobsB.they ask their aging parents for help D.they take their kids wherever they go64. What is( are) the advantage(s) of baby-pooling?A. The parents can have much more free time.B. The kids can make new friends.C. The kids won't be hanging around their parents all day longD.All of the above65. The passage mainly discusses______.A. post-80s couples and their friends C. post-80s couples and their parentsB. post-80s couples and baby-pooling D. kids and their grandparentsPassage2It is a terrible illustration of man’s weakness to nature,and the tsunami(海啸)that struck theJapanese coast in March, 2011 has illustrated the difficulty of fighting against natural disasters, even for a prosperous nation.Totally preventing tsunami-damage is impossible. But there is much that can be done tominimize damage and loss of life. Measures that can be taken include designing solid buildings ,and developing early-warning systems, public education programs and evacuation(疏散)strategies.Moreover, the approach of a tsunami is possibly picked up by the sensors of complicated international warning systems.Countries can use radio and television broadcasts as well as loudspeaker networks to warn the public.But an early warning system depends on how far the tsunami strikes, if it' s close by, the warning system is not going to be very effective. When people are faced with an unstoppable force like a tsunami the massive waves created by events like underwater earthquakes, the best course of action for them is to get inland and to the higher ground as quickly as possible.66.The first paranranh tells us that______.A. man can easily defeat the natureB. tsunamis take place only in JapanC. man' s ability to cope with natural disasters is limitedD. the tsunami-damage in Japan is not so terrible67. To prevent tsunami-damage, the following measures can be taken EXCEPT______.A. designing firm buildingsB. developing early-warning systemsC. developing evacuation strategiesD. keeping the public unaware of the seriousness68. According to the passage，which of the following can cause a tsunami of tsunamis______?A. Storms C. Underwater earthB. Massive waves D. Floods69. When a tsunami happens, the best course of action for people is to______.A.listen to radio and television broadcasts for informationB.get inland and to the higher ground as quickly as possibleC.stay where they areD.rely on the warning systems70. Which of the following statements is true according to the passage'?A.The total prevention of tsunamis is possible.B.Rich countries are less affected by tsunamis than poor countriesC.Approaching tsunamis can possibly be picked up by sensors.D.An early warning system is effective when a tsunami is close by.Passage 3Global warming is causing more than 300,000 deaths and about $125 billion in economic losses each year, according to a report by the Global Humanitarian Forum, an organization led by Annan, the former United Nations secretary general.The report, to be released Friday, analyzed data and existing studies of health, disaster, population and economic trends. It found that human-influenced climate change was raising the global death rates from illnesses including malnutrition(营养不良)and heat-related health problems.But even before its release, the report drew criticism from some experts on climate and risk, who questioned its methods and conclusions.Along with the deaths, the report said that the lives of 325 million people, primarily in poor countries,were being seriously affected by climate change.It projected that the number would double by 2030.Roger Pielke Jr.a political scientist at the University of Colorado, Boulder, who studies disaster trends,said the Forum's report was "a methodological embarrassment" because there was no way to distinguish deaths or economic losses related to human-driven global warming amid the much larger losses resulting from the growth in populations and economic development in vulnerable(易受伤害的)regions. Dr. Pielke said that "climate change is an important problemreqmrmg our utmost attention." But the report he said,"will harm the cause for action on both climate change and disasters because it is so deeply flawed(有瑕疵的).”However, Soren Andreasen, a social scientist at Dalberg Global Development Partners who supervised the writing of the report, defended it, saying that it was clear that the numbers were rough estimates. He said the report was aimed at world leaders, who will meet in Copenhagen in December to negotiate a new international climate treaty.In a press release describing the report,Mr. Annan stressed the need for the negotiations tofocus on increasing the flow of money from rich to poor regions to help reduce their vulnerability to climate hazards while still curbing the emissions of the heat-trapping gases. More than 90% of the human and economic losses from climate change are occurring in poor countries, according to the report.71.What is the finding of the Global Humanitarian Forum?A.Global temperatures affect the rate of economic development.B.Rates of death from illnesses have risen due to global warmingC.Malnutrition has caused serious health problems in poor countries.D.Economic trends have to do with population and natural disasters72. What do we learn about the Forum's report from the passage?A. It was challenged by some climate and risk experts.B. It aroused a lot of interest in the scientific circlesC. It was warmly received by environmentalists.D. It caused a big stir in developing countries.73. What does Dr. Pielke say about the Forum's report?A. Its statistics look embarrassing.B. It is invalid in terms of methodology.C. It deserves our closest attention.D. Its conclusion is purposely exaggerated74. What is Soren Andreasen's view of the report?A. Its conclusions are based on carefully collected data.B. It is vulnerable to criticism if the statistics are closely examined.C. It will give rise to heated discussions at the Copenhagen conference.D. Its rough estimates are meant to draw the attention of world leaders.75.What does Kofi Annan say should be the focus of the Copenhagen conference?A. How rich and poor regions can share responsibility in curbing global warming.B. How human and economic losses from climate change can be reduced.C. How emissions of heat-trapping gases can be reduced on a global scale.D. How rich countries can better help poor regions reduce climate hazards.Passage4Reaching new peaks of popularity in North Americais Iceberg Water, which is harvested from icebergs off the coast of Newfoundland, Canada.Arthur von Wiesenberger, who carries the title Water Master, is one of the few water critics in North America. As a boy, he spent time in the larger cities of Italy, France and Switzerland, where bottled water is consumed daily. Even then, he kept a water journal, noting the brands he liked best. "My dog could tell the difference between bottled and tap water," He says.But is plain tap water all that bad? Not at all. In fact, New York's municipal water for more than a century was called the champagne of tap water and until recently considered among the best in the world in terms of both taste and purity. Similarly, a magazine in England found that tap water from the Thames River tasted better than several leading brands of bottled water that were 400 times more expensive.Nevertheless, soft-drink companies view bottled water as the next battle-ground for market share-this despite the fact that over 25 percent of bottled water comes from tap water: PepsiCo's Aquafina and Coca-Cola's Dasani are both purified tap water rather than spring water.As diners thirst for leading brands, bottlers and restaurateurs salivate(垂涎) over the profits.A restaurant's typical mark-up on wine is 100 to 150 percent, whereas on bottled waterit's often 300 to 500 percent. But since water is much cheaper than wine, and many of the fancier brands aren't available in stores, most diners don't notice or care.As a result, some restaurants are turning up the pressure to sell bottled water. According to an article in The Street Journal, some of the more shameless tactics include placing attractive bottles on the table for a visual sell, listing brands on the menu without prices, and pouring bottled water without even asking the diners if they want itRegardless of how it's sold, the popularity of bottled water taps into our desire for better health. Our wish to appear cultivated, and even a longing for lost purity.76. What do we know about Iceberg Water from the passage?A.It is a kind of iced water.B.It is just plain tap water.C.It is a kind of bottled water.D.It is a kind of mineral water.77. By saying "My dog could tell the difference between bottled and tap water (Line 3Para2)," VonWiesenberger wants to convey the message that______·A-.plain tap water is certainly unfit for drinkingB.bottled water is clearly superior to tap waterC.bottled water often appeals more to dogs tasteD.dogs can usually detect a fine difference in taste78. The fancier brands (Line 3 Para 5) refers to_·A.tap water from the Thames RiverB.famous wines not sold in ordinary storesC.PepsiCo's Aquafina and Coca-Cola's DasaniD.expensive bottled water with impressive names79. Why are some restaurants turning up the pressure to sell bottled water?A.Bottled water brings in huge profits.petition from the wine industry is intense.C.Most diners find bottled water affordable.D.Bottled water satisfied diners' desire to fashionable.80. According to passage, why is bottled water so popular?A.It is muph cheaper than wine.B.It is considered healthier.C.It appeals to more cultivated people.D.It is more widely promoted in the market.Part IV Translation(20 points)Directions:There are 10 sentences in this part.Please translate sentences 81-85 from Chinese into English,and translate sentences 86-90 from English into Chinese, Write your answer on theAnswer Sheet.81.只要明天天气好，我们就和同学一起去游泳。

2016考研公共课英语二完整版真题及答案下载

2016考研公共课英语二完整版真题及答案下载完型填空参考答案：C 1. [A] why [B] where [C] how [D] whenB 2. [A] In return [B] In particular [C] In contrast [D] In conclusionD 3. [A] sufficient [B] famous [C] perfect [D] necessaryC 4. [A] individualism [B] modernism [C] optimism [D] realismD 5. [A] echo [B] miss [C] spoil [D] changeB 6. [A] imagined [B] measured [C] invented [D] assumedA 7. [A] Sure [B] Odd [C] Unfortunate [D] OftenD 8. [A] advertised [B] divided [C] overtaxed [D] headquarteredA 9. [A] explain [B] overstate [C] summarize [D] emphasizeB 10. [A] stages [B] factors [C] levels [D] methodsA 11. [A] desirable [B] sociable [C] reputable [D] reliableC 12. [A] resumed [B] held [C]emerged [D] brokeA 13. [A] attribute [B] assign [C] transfer [D]compareD 14. [A] serious [B] civilized [C] ambitious [D]experienced A 15. [A] thus [B] instead [C] also [D] neverD 16. [A] rapidly [B] regularly [C] directly [D] equallyC 17. [A] After [B] Until [C] While [D] SinceC 18. [A] arrives [B] jumps [C] hints [D] strikesA 19. [A] shape [B] rediscover [C] simplify [D] shareB 20. [A] pray for [B] lean towards [C] give away [D] send out新题型参考答案：Directions:Read the following text and answer the questions by choosing the most suitable subheading from the list A-G for each of the numbered paragraphs(41-45).There are two extra subheadings which you do not need to use.Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.[A]Be silly[B]Have fun[C]Express your emotions[D]Don't overthink it[E]Be easily pleased[F]Notice things[G]Ask for helpAs adults,it seems that we are constantly pursuing happiness,often with mixed results.Yet children appear to have it down to an art-and for the most part they don't need self-help books or therapy.instead,they look after their wellbeing instinctively,and usually more effectively than we do as grownups.Perhaps it's time to learn a few lessons from them.41._______C_______What does a child do when he's sad?He cries.When he's angry?He shouts.Scared?Probably a bit of both.As we grow up,we learn to control our emotions so they are manageable and don't dictate our behaviours,which is in many ways a good thing.But too often we take this process too far and end up suppressing emotions,especially negative ones.that's about as effective as brushing dirt under a carpetand can even make us ill.What we need to do is find a way to acknowledge and express what we feel appropriately,and then-again.like children-move.42.______E_______A couple of Christmases ago,my youngest stepdaughter,who was nine years old at the time ,got a Superman T-shirt for Christmas.It cost less than a fiver but she was overjoyed,and couldn't stop talking about it.Too often we believe that a new job,bigger house or better car will be the magic silver bullet that will allow us to finally be content,but the reality is these things have very little lasting impact on our happiness levels.instead,being grateful for small things every day is a much better way to improve wellbeing.43._________A_____________Have you ever noticed how much children laugh?If we adults could indulge in a bit of silliness and giggling,we would reduce the stress hormones in our bodies increase good hormones likeendorphins,improve blood flow to our hearts and even have a greater chance of fighting off enfection.All of which,of course,have a positive effect on happiness levels.44.________B___________The problem with being a grown up is that there's an awful lot of serious stuff to deal with-work,mortgage payments,figuring out what to cook for dinner.But as adults we also have the luxury of being able to control our own diaries and it's important that we schedule in time to enjoy the things we love.Those things might be social,sporting,creative or completely random(dancing aroud the living room,anyone?)--it doesn't matter,so long as they're enjoyable, and not likely to have negative side effects,such as drinking too much alcohol or going on a wild spending spree if you're on a tight budget.45.________D___________Having said all of the above,it's important to add that we shouldn't try too hard to be happy.Scientists tell us this can backfire and actually have a negative impact on our wellbeing. As the Chinese philosopher Chuang Tzu is reported to have said:"Happiness is the absence of striving for happiness."And in that,once more,we need to look to the example of our children,to whom happiness is not a goal but a natural by product of the way they live.翻译参考答案：【考点解析】be designed to do sth 旨在做某事The longer...the more... 越......越.....According to......根据....some 大约the volume of 大量的......Information overload 过于繁杂的信息struggle to do sth 努力做某事rationally selective 理性地进行选择Instead began shopping emotionally 而不是冲动的去购物【参考译文】超市旨在吸引顾客在店里停留尽量长的时间。

2016年全国高考英语试卷(新课标Ⅰ)(含解析版)

2016 年全国统一高考英语试卷（新课标Ⅰ）第二部分阅读理解（共两节，满分 40 分）第一节（共 15 小题：每小题 2 分，满分 30 分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C 和 D）中选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

AYou probably know who Marie Curie was, but you may not have heard of Rachel Carson. Of the outstanding ladies listed below, who do you think was the most important woman of the past 100 years? Jane Addams (1860-1935)Anyone who has ever been helped by a social worker has Jane Addams to thank.Addams helped the poor and worked for peace. She encouraged a sense of community(社区) by creating shelters and promoting education and services for people in need. In 1931, Addams became the first American woman to win the Nobel Peace Prize.Rachel Carson (1907-1964)If it weren’t for Rachel Carson, the environmental movement might not exist today. Her popular 1962 book Silent Spring raised awareness of the dangers of pollution and the harmful effects of chemicals on humans and on the world’s lakes and oceans.Sandra Day O’Connor (1930-present)When Sandra Day O’Connor finished third in her class at Stanford Law School, in 1952, she could notfind work at a law firm because she was a woman. She became an Arizona state senator ( 参议员 ) and, in 1981, the first woman to join the U.S. Supreme Court. O’Connor gave the deciding vote in many important cases during her24 years on the top court.Rosa Parks (1913-2005)On December 1, 1955, in Montgomery, Alabama, Rasa Parks would not give up her seat on a bus to a passenger. Her simple act landed Parks in prison. But it also set off the Montgomery bus boycott. It lasted for more than a year, and kicked off the civil-rights movement. “The only tired I was, was tired of giving in,” said Parks.21. What is Jane Addams noted for in history?A. Her social work.B. Her teaching skills.C. Her efforts to win a prize.D. Her community background.22. What was the reason for O’Connor’s being rejected by the law firm?A. Her lack of proper training in law.B. Her little work experience in court.C. The discrimination against women.D. The poor financial conditions.23. Who made a great contribution to the civil-rights movement in the U.S.?A. Jane Addams.B. Rachel Carson.C. Sandra Day O’Connor.D. Ross Parks.24. What can we infer about the women mentioned in the text?A. They are highly educated.B. They are truly creative.C. They are pioneers.D. They are peace-lovers.BGrandparents Answer a CallAs a third-generation native of Brownsville, Texas, Mildred Garza never planned to move away. Evenwhen her daughter and son asked her to move to San Antonio to help with their children, she politely refused. Only after a year of friendly discussion did Ms. Garza finally say yes. That was four years ago. Today all three generations regard the move as a success, giving them a closer relationship than they would have had in separate cities.No statistics show the number of grandparents like Garza who are moving closer to adult children and grandchildren. Yet there is evidence suggesting that the trend is growing. Even President Obama’s mother-in-law, Marian Robinson, has agreed to leave Chicago and move into the White House to help care for her granddaughters. According to a study by , 83 percent of the peopl e said Mrs. Robinson’s decision will influence grandparents in the American family. Two-thirds believe more families will follow the example of Obama’s family.“In the 1960s we were all a little wild and couldn’t get away from home far enough or fast enou gh to prove we could do it on our own,” says Christine Crosby, publisher of Grand, a magazine for grandparents. “We now realize how important family is and how important it is to be near them, especially when you’re raising children.”Moving is not for everyone. Almost every grandparent wants to be with his or her grandchildren and is willing to make sacrifices, but sometimes it is wiser to say no and visit frequently instead. Having your grandchildren far away is hard, especially knowing your adult child is struggling, but giving up the life you know may be harder.25. Why was Garza’s move a success?A. It strengthened her family ties.B. It improved her living conditions.C. It enabled her make more friends.D. It helped her know more new places.26. What was the reaction of the public to Mrs. Robinson’s decision?A. 17% expressed their support for it.B. Few people responded sympathetically.C. 83% believed it had a bad influence.D. The majority thought it was a trend.27. What did Crosby say about people in the 1960s?A. They were unsure of themselves.B. They were eager to raise more children.C. They wanted to live away from their parents.D. They had little respect for their grandparents.28. What does the author suggest the grandparents do in the last paragraph?A. Make decisions in the best interests of their own.B. Ask their children to pay more visits to them.C. Sacrifice for their struggling children.D. Get to know themselves better.CI am Peter Hodes, a volunteer stem cour ier. Since March 2012, I’ve done 89 trips — of those , 51 have been abroad, I have 42 hours to carry stem cells (干细胞) in my little box because I’ve got two ice packs and that’s how long they last. In all, from the time the stem cells are harvested from a d onor (捐献者) to the time they can be implanted in the patient, we’ve got 72 hours at most, So I am always conscious of time.I had one trip last year where I was caught by a hurricane in America. I picked up the stem cells in Providence, Rhode Island, and was meant to fly to Washington then back to London. But when I arrived at the check-in desk at Providence, the lady on the desk said: “Well, I’m really sorry, I’ve got some bad news for you —there are no flights from Washington.” So I took my box and put it on the desk and I said: “In this box are some stem cells that are urgently needed for a patient —please, please, you’ve got to get me back to the United Kingdom.” She just dropped everything. She arranged for a flight on a small plane to be held for me. re-routed (改道) me through Newark and got me back to the UK even earlier than originallyscheduled.For this courier job, you’re consciously aware that in that box you’ve got something that is potentially going to save somebody’s life.29. Which of the following can replace the underlined word “courier” in Paragraph 1?A. providerB. delivery manC. collectorD. medical doctor30. Why does Peter have to complete his trip within 42 hours?A. He cannot stay away from his job too long.B. The donor can only wait for that long.C. The operation needs that much time.D. The ice won’t last any longer.31. Which flight did the woman put Peter on first?A. To London.B. To Newark.C. To Providence.D. To Washington.DThe meaning of silence varies among cultural groups. Silences may be thoughtful, or they may be empty when a person has nothing to say. A silence in a conversation may also show stubbornness, uneasiness, or worry. Silence may be viewed by some cultural groups as extremely uncomfortable; therefore attempts may be made to fill every gap (间隙) with conversation. Persons in other cultural groups value silence and view it as necessary for understanding a person’s needs.Many Native Americans value silence and feel it is a basic part of communicating among people, just as some traditional Chinese and Thai persons do. Therefore, when a person from one of these cultures is speaking and suddenly stops, what maybe implied (暗示) is that the person wants the listener to consider what has been said before continuing. In these cultures, silence is a call for reflection.Other cultures may use silence in other ways, particularly when dealing with conflicts among people or in relationships of people with different amounts of power. For example, Russian, French, and Spanish persons may use silence to show agreement between parties about the topic under discussion. However, Mexicans may use silence when instructions are given by a person in authority rather than be rude to that person by arguing with him or her. In still another use, persons in Asian cultures may view silence as a sign of respect, particularly to an elder or a person in authority.Nurses and other care-givers need to be aware of the possible meanings of silence when they come across the personal anxiety their patients may be experiencing. Nurses should recognize their own personal and cultural construction of silence so that a patient’s silence is not interrupted too early or allowed to go on unnecessarily. A nurse who understands the healing ( 治愈) value of silence can usethis understanding to assist in the care of patients from their own and from othercultures.32. What does the author say about silence in conversations?A. It implies anger.B. It promotes friendship.C. It is culture-specific.D. It is content-based.33. Which of the following people might regard silence as a call for careful thought?A. The Chinese.B. The French.C. The Mexicans.D. The Russians.34. What does the author advise nurses to do about silence?A. Let it continue as the patient pleases.B. Break it while treating patients.C. Evaluate its harm to patients.D. Make use of its healing effects.35. What may be the best title for the text?A. Sound and SilenceB. What It Means to Be SilentC. Silence to Native AmericansD. Speech Is Silver; Silence Is Gold第二节（共 5 小题，每小题 2 分，满分 10 分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，选项中有两项为多余选项。

2016年英语专八考试真题及答案

QUESTION BOOKLETTEST FOR ENGLISH MAJORS (2016)-GRADE EIGHT-TIME LIMIT: 150 MINPART I LISTENING COMPREHENSION [25 MIN]SECTION A MINI-LECTUREIn this section you will hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the mini-lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening to the mini-lecture, please complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE and write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each gap. Make sure the word(s) you fill in is (are) both grammatically and semantically acceptable. You may use the blank sheet for note-taking.You have THIRTY seconds to preview the gap-filling task.Now listen to the mini-lecture. When it is over, you will be given THREE minutes to check your work.SECTION B INTERVIEWIn this section you will hear ONE interview. The interview will be divided into TWO parts. At the end of each part, five questions will be asked about what was said. Both the interview and the questions will be spoken ONCE ONLY. After each question there will be a ten-second pause. During the pause, you should read the four choices of A, B, C and D, and mark the best answer to each question on ANSWER SHEET TWO.You have THIRTY seconds to preview the questions.Now, listen to the Part One of the interview. Questions 1 to 5 are based on Part One of the interview.1. A. Maggie’s university life.B. Her mom’s life at Harvard.C. Maggie’s view on studying with Mom.D. Maggie’s opinion on her mom’s major.2. A. They take exams in the same weeks.B. They have similar lecture notes.C. They apply for the same internship.D. They follow the same fashion.3. A. Having roommates.B. Practicing court trails.C. Studying together.D. Taking notes by hand.4. A. Protection.B. Imagination.C. Excitement.D. Encouragement.5. A. Thinking of ways to comfort Mom.B. Occasional interference from Mom.C. Ultimately calls when Maggie is busy.D. Frequent check on Maggie’s grades.Now, listen to the Part Two of the interview. Questions 6 to 10 are based on Part Two of the interview.6. A. Because parents need to be ready for new jobs.B. Because parents love to return to college.C. Because kids require their parents to do so.D. Because kids find it hard to adapt to college life.7. A. Real estate agent.B. Financier.C. Lawyer.D. Teacher.8. A. Delighted.B. Excited.C. Bored.D. Frustrated.9. A. How to make a cake.B. How to make omelets.C. To accept what is taught.D. To plan a future career.10. A. Unsuccessful.B. Gradual.C. Frustrating.D. Passionate.PART II READING COMPREHENSION [45 MIN] SECTION A MULTIPLE-CHOICE QUESTIONSIn this section there are three passages followed by fourteen multiple choice questions. For each multiple choice question, there are four suggested answers marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that you think is the best answer and mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET TWO.PASSAGE ONE(1)There was music from my neighbor’s house through the summer nights. In his blue gardens men and girls came and went like moths among the whisperings and the champagne and the stars. At high tide in the afternoon I watched his guests diving from the tower of his raft or taking the sun on the hot sand of his beach while his two motor-boats slit the waters of the Sound, drawing aquaplanes（滑水板）over cataracts of foam. On weekends Mr. Gatsby’s Rolls-Royce became an omnibus, bearing parties to and from the city between nine in the morning and long past midnight, while his station wagon scampered like a brisk yellow bug to meet all trains. And on Mondays eight servants, including an extra gardener, toiled all day with scrubbing-brushes and hammer and garden-shears, repairing the ravages of the night before.(2)Every Friday five crates of oranges and lemons arrived from a fruiterer in New York –every Monday these same oranges and lemons left his back door in a pyramid of pulpless halves. There was a machine in the kitchen which could extract the juice of two hundred oranges in half an hour, if a little button was pressed two hundred times by a butler’s thumb.(3)At least once a fortnight a corps of caterers came down with several hundred feet of canvas and e nough colored lights to make a Christmas tree of Gatsby’s enormous garden. On buffet tables, garnished with glistening hors-d’oeuvre（冷盘）, spiced baked hams crowded against salads of harlequin designs and pastry pigs and turkeys bewitched to a dark gold. In themain hall a bar with a real brass rail was set up, and stocked with gins and liquors and with cordials（加香甜酒）so long forgotten that most of his female guests were too young to know one from another.(4)By seven o’clock the orchestra has arrived– no thin five-piece affair but a whole pitful of oboes and trombones and saxophones and viols and cornets and piccolos and low and high drums. The last swimmers have come in from the beach now and are dressing upstairs; the cars from New York are parked five deep in the drive, and already the halls and salons and verandas are gaudy with primary colors and hair shorn in strange new ways, and shawls beyond the dreams of Castile. The bar is in full swing, and floating rounds of cocktails permeate the garden outside until the air is alive with chatter and laughter and casual innuendo and introductions forgotten on the spot and enthusiastic meetings between women who never knew each other’s names.(5)The lights grow brighter as the earth lurches away from the sun and now the orchestra is playing yellow cocktail music and the opera of voices pitches a key higher. Laughter is easier, minute by minute, spilled with prodigality, tipped out at a cheerful word.(6)The groups change more swiftly, swell with new arrivals, dissolve and form in the same breath –already there are wanderers, confident girls who weave here and there among the stouter and more stable, become for a sharp, joyous moment the center of a group and then excited with triumph glide on through the sea-change of faces and voices and color under the constantly changing light.(7)Suddenly one of these gypsies in trembling opal, seizes a cocktail out of the air, dumps it down for courage and moving her hands like Frisco dances out alone on the canvas platform. A momentary hush; the orchestra leader varies his rhythm obligingly for her and there is a burst of chatter as the erroneous news goes around that she is Gilda Gray’s understudy from the Folies. The party has begun.(8)I believe that on the first night I went to Gatsby’s house I was one of the few guests who had actually been invited. People were not invited – they went there. They got into automobiles which bore them out to Long Island and somehow they ended up at Gatsby’s door. Once there they were introduced by somebody who knew Gatsby, and after that they conducted themselves according to the rules of behavior associated with amusement parks. Sometimes they came and went without having met Gatsby at all, came for the party with a simplicity of heart that was its own ticket of admission.(9)I had been actually invited. A chauffeur in a uniform crossed my lawn early that Saturday morning with a surprisingly formal note from his employer –the honor would be entirely Gatsby’s, it said, if I would attend his “little party” that night. He had seen me several times and had intended to call on me long before but a peculiar combination of circumstances had prevented it – signed Jay Gatsby in a majestic hand.(10)Dressed up in white flannels I went over to his lawn a little after seven and wandered around rather ill-at-ease among swirls and eddies of people I didn’t know –though here and there was a face I had noticed on the commuting train. I was immediately struck by the number of young Englishmen dotted about; all well dressed, all looking a little hungry and all talking in low earnest voices to solid and prosperous Americans. I was sure that they were selling something: bonds or insurance or automobiles. They were, at least, agonizingly aware of the easy money in the vicinity and convinced that it was theirs for a few words in the right key.(11)As soon as I arrived I made an attempt to find my host but the two or three people of whom I asked his whereabouts stared at me in such an amazed way and denied so vehemently any knowledge of his movements that I slunk off in the direction of the cocktail table – the only place in the garden where a single man could linger without looking purposeless and alone.11.It can be inferred form Para. 1 that Mr. Gatsby ______ through the summer.A.entertained guests from everywhere every weekendB.invited his guests to ride in his Rolls-Royce at weekendsC.liked to show off by letting guests ride in his vehiclesD.indulged himself in parties with people from everywhere12.In Para.4, the word “permeate” probably means ______.A.perishB.pushC.penetrateD.perpetrate13.It can be inferred form Para. 8 that ______.A.guests need to know Gatsby in order to attend his partiesB.people somehow ended up in Gatsby’s house as guestsC.Gatsby usually held garden parties for invited guestsD.guests behaved themselves in a rather formal manner14.According to Para. 10, the author felt ______ at Gatsby’s party.A.dizzyB.dreadfulC.furiousD.awkward15.What can be concluded from Para.11 about Gatsby?A.He was not expected to be present at the parties.B.He was busy receiving and entertaining guests.C.He was usually out of the house at the weekend.D.He was unwilling to meet some of the guests.PASSAGE TWO(1)The Term “CYBERSPACE” was coined by William Gibson, a science-fiction writer. He first used it in a short story in 1982, and expanded on it a couple of years later in a novel, “Neuromancer”, whose main character, Henry Dorsett Case, is a troubled computer hacker and drug addict. In the book Mr Gibson describes cyberspace as “a consensual hall ucination experienced daily by billions of legitimate operators” and “a graphic representation of data abstracted from the banks of every computer in the human system.”(2)His literary creation turned out to be remarkably prescient（有先见之明的）. Cyberspace has become shorthand for the computing devices, networks, fibre-optic cables, wireless links and other infrastructure that bring the internet to billions of people around the world. The myriad connections forged by these technologies have brought tremendous benefits to everyone who uses the web to tap into humanity’s collective store of knowledge every day.(3)But there is a darker side to this extraordinary invention. Data breaches are becoming ever bigger and more common. Last year over 800m records were lost, mainly through such attacks. Among the most prominent recent victims has been Target, whose chief executive, Gregg Steinhafel, stood down from his job in May, a few months after the giant American retailer revealed that online intruders had stolen millions of digital records about its customers, including credit- and debit-card details. Other well-known firms such as Adobe, a tech company, and eBay, an online marketplace, have also been hit.(4) The potential damage, though, extends well beyond such commercial incursions. Wider concerns have been raised by the revelations about the mass surveillance carried out by Western intelligence agencies made by Edward Snowden, a contractor to America’s National Security Agency (NSA), as well as by the growing numbers of cyber-warriors being recruited by countries that see cyberspace as a new domain of warfare. America’s president, Barack Obama, said in a White House press release earlier this year that cyber-threats “pose one of the gravest national-security dangers” the country is facing.(5)Securing cyberspace is hard because the architecture of the internet was designed to promote connectivity, not security. Its founders focused on getting it to work and did not worry much about threats because the network was affi liated with America’s military. As hackers turned up, layers of security, from antivirus programs to firewalls, were added to try to keep them at bay. Gartner, a research firm, reckons that last year organizations around the globe spent $67 billion on information security.(6)On the whole, these defenses have worked reasonably well. For all the talk about the risk of a “cyber 9/11”, the internet has proved remarkably resilient. Hundreds of millions of people turn on their computers every day and bank online, shop at virtual stores, swap gossip and photos with their friends on social networks and send all kinds of sensitive data over the web without ill effect. Companies and governments are shifting ever more services online.(7)But the task is becoming harder. Cyber-security, which involves protecting both data and people, is facing multiple threats, notably cybercrime and online industrial espionage, both of which are growing rapidly. A recent estimate by the Centre for Strategic and International Studies (CSIS), puts the annual global cost of digital crime and intellectual-property theft at $445 billion – a sum roughly equivalent to the GDP of a smallish rich European country such as Austria.(8)To add to the worries, there is also the risk of cyber-sabotage. Terrorists or agents of hostile powers could mount attacks on companies and systems that control vital parts of an economy, including power stations, electrical grids and communications networks. Such attacks are hard to pull off, but not impossible. One precedent is the destruction in 2010 of centrifuges （离心机）at a nuclear facility in Iran by a computer program known as Stuxnet.(9)But such events are rare. The biggest day-to-day threats faced by companies and government agencies come from crooks and spooks hoping to steal financial data and trade secrets. For example, smarter, better-organized hackers are making life tougher for the cyber-defenders, but the report will argue that even so a number of things can be done to keep everyone safer than they are now.(10)One is to ensure that organizations get the basics of cyber-security right. All too often breaches are caused by simple blunders, such as failing to separate systems containing sensitive data from those that do not need access to them. Companies also need to get better at anticipating where attacks may be coming from and at adapting their defences swiftly in response to new threats. Technology can help, as can industry initiatives that allow firms to share intelligence about risks with each other.(11)There is also a need to provide incentives to improve cyber-security, be they carrots or sticks. One idea is to encourage internet-service providers, or the companies that manage internet connections, to shoulder more responsibility for identifying and helping to clean up computers infected with malicious software. Another is to find ways to ensure that software developers produce code with fewer flaws in it so that hackers have fewer security holes to exploit.(12)An additional reason for getting tech companies to give a higher priority to security is that cyberspace is about to undergo another massive change. Over the next few years billions of new devices, from cars to household appliances and medical equipment, will be fitted with tiny computers that connect them to the web and make them more useful. Dubbed “the internet of things”, this is already making it possible, for example, to control home appliances using smartphone apps and to monitor medical devices remotely.(13)But unless these systems have adequate security protection, the internet of things could easily become the internet of new things to be hacked. Plenty of people are eager to take advantage of any weaknesses they may spot. Hacking used to be about geeky college kids tapping away in their bedrooms to annoy their elders. It has grown up with a vengeance.16.Cyberspace is described by William Gibson as ______.A. a function only legitimate computer operators haveB. a representation of data from the human systemC.an important element stored in the human systemD.an illusion held by the common computer users17.Which of the following statements BEST summarizes the meaning of the first fourparagraphs?A.Cyberspace has more benefits than defects.B.Cyberspace is like a double-edged sword.C.Cyberspace symbolizes technological advance.D.Cyberspace still remains a sci-fi notion.18.According to Para. 5, the designing principles of the internet and cyberspace security are______.A.controversialplimentaryC.contradictoryD.congruent19.What could be the most appropriate title for the passage?A.Cyber Crime and Its Prevention.B.The Origin of Cyber Crime.C.How to Deal with Cyber Crime.D.The Definition of Cyber Crime.PASSAGE THREE(1)You should treat skeptically the loud cries now coming from colleges and universities that the last bastion of excellence in American education is being gutted by state budget cuts and mounting costs. Whatever else it is, higher education is not a bastion of excellence. It is shot through with waste, lax academic standards and mediocre teaching and scholarship.(2)True, the economic pressures – from the Ivy League to state systems – are intense. Last year, nearly two-thirds of schools had to make midyear spending cuts to stay within their budgets. It is also true (as university presidents and deans argue) that relieving those pressures merely by raising tuitions and cutting courses will make matters worse. Students will pay more and get less. The university presidents and deans want to be spared from further government budget cuts. Their case is weak.(3)Higher education is a bloated enterprise. Too many professors do too little teaching to too many ill-prepared students. Costs can be cut and quality improved without reducing the number of graduates. Many colleges and universities should shrink. Some should go out of business. Consider:●Except for elite schools, admissions standards are low. About 70 percent of freshmen atfour-year colleges and universities attend their first-choice schools. Roughly 20 percent go to their second choices. Most schools have eagerly boosted enrollments to maximize revenues (tuition and state subsidies).●Dropout rates are high. Half or more of freshmen don’t get degrees. A recent study ofPhD programs at 10 major universities also found high dropout rates for doctoral candidates.●The attrition among undergraduates is particularly surprising because college standardshave apparently fallen. One study of seven top schools found widespread grade inflation.In 1963, half of the students in introductory philosophy courses got a B – or worse. By 1986, only 21 percent did. If elite schools have relaxed standards, the practice is almost surely widespread.●Faculty teaching loads have fallen steadily since the 1960s. In major universities, seniorfaculty members often do less than two hours a day of teaching. Professors are “socialized to publish, teach graduate students and spend as little time teaching (undergraduates) as possible,” concludes James Fairweather of Penn State University in a new study. Faculty pay consistently rises as undergraduate teaching loads drop.●Universities have encouraged an almost mindless explosion of graduate degrees. Since1960, the number of masters’ degrees awarded annually has risen more than fourfold to 337,000. Between 1965 and 1989, the annual number of MBAs (masters in business administration) jumped from 7,600 to 73,100.(4)Even so, our system has strengths. It boasts many top-notch schools and allows almost anyone to go to college. But mediocrity is pervasive. We push as many freshmen as possible through the door, regardless of qualifications. Because bachelors’ degrees are so common, we create more graduate degrees of dubious worth. Does anyone believe the MBA explosion has improved management?(5)You won’t hear much about this from college deans or university presidents. They created this mess and are its biggest beneficiaries. Large enrollments support large faculties. More graduate students liberate tenured faculty from undergraduate teaching to concentrate on writing and research: the source of status. Richard Huber, a former college dean, writes knowingly in a new book (“How Professors Play the Cat Guarding the Cream: Why We’re Paying More and Getting Less in Higher Education”): Presidents, deans and trustees ... call for more recognition of good teaching with prizes and salary incentives.(6)The reality is closer to the experience of Harvard University’s distinguished pal eontologist Stephen Jay Gould: “To be perfectly honest, though lip service is given to teaching, I have never seriously heard teaching considered in any meeting for promotion... Writing is the currency of prestige and promotion.”(7)About four-fifths of all students attend state-subsidized systems, from community colleges to prestige universities. How governors and state legislatures deal with their budget pressures will be decisive. Private schools will, for better or worse, be influenced by state actions. The states need to do three things.(8)First, create genuine entrance requirements. Today’s low standards tell high school students: You don’t have to work hard to go to college. States should change the message by raising tuitions sharply and coupling the increase with generous scholarships based on merit and income. To get scholarships, students would have to pass meaningful entrance exams. Ideally, the scholarships should be available for use at in-state private schools. All schools would then compete for students on the basis of academic quality and costs. Today’s system of general tuition subsidies provides aid to well-to-do families that don’t need it or to unqualified students who don’t deserve it.(8)Next, states should raise faculty teaching loads, mainly at four-year schools. (Teaching loads at community colleges are already high.) This would cut costs and reemphasize the primacy of teaching at most schools. What we need are teachers who know their fields and can communicate enthusiasm to students. Not all professors can be path-breaking scholars. The excessive emphasis on scholarship generates many unread books and mediocre articles in academic journals. “You can’t do more of one (research) without less of the other (teaching),”says Fairweather. “People are working hard – it’s just where they’re working.”(10)Finally, states should reduce or eliminate the least useful graduate programs. Journalism (now dubbed “communications”), business and education are prime candidates. A lot of what they teach can – and should – be learned on the job. If colleges and universities did a better job of teaching undergraduates, there would be less need for graduate degrees.(11)Our colleges and universities need to provide a better education to deserving students. This may mean smaller enrollments, but given today’s attrition rates, the number of graduates20.It can be concluded from Para.3 that the author was ______ towards the education.A.indifferentB.neutralC.positiveD.negative21.The following are current problems facing all American universities EXCEPT ______.A.high dropout ratesB.low admission standardsC.low undergraduate teaching loadsD.explosion of graduate degrees22.In order to ensure teaching quality, the author suggests that the states do all the followingEXCEPT ______.A.set entrance requirementsB.raise faculty teaching loadsC.increase undergraduate programsD.reduce useless graduate programs23.“Prime candidates” in Para. 10 is used as ________.A.euphemismB.metaphorC.analogyD.personification24.What is the author’s main argument in the passage?A.American education can remain excellent by ensuring state budget.B.Professors should teach more undergraduates than postgraduates.C.Academic standard are the main means to ensure educational quality.D.American education can remain excellent only by raising teaching quality. SECTION B SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONSIn this section there are eight short answer questions based on the passages in Section A. Answer each question in NO more than 10 words in the space provided on ANSWER SHEET TWO.PASSAGE ONE25.From the description of the party preparation, what words can you see to depict Gatby’sparty?26.How do you summarize the party scene in Para. 6?PASSAGE TWO27.What do the cases of Target, Adobe and eBay in Para. 3 show?28.Why does the author say the task is becoming harder in Para. 7?29.What is the conclusion of the whole passage?PASSAGE THREE30.What does the author mean by saying “Their case is weak” in Para. 2?31.What does “grade inflation” in Para. 3 mean?32.What does the author mean when he quotes Richard Huber in Para. 5?PART III LANGUAGE USAGE [15 MIN]The passage contains TEN errors. Each indicated line contains a maximum of ONE error. In each case, only ONE word is involved. Y ou should proof-read the passage and correct it in the following way:For a wrong word, underline the wrong word and write the correct one in the blankprovided at the end of the line.For a missing word, mark the position of the missing word with a “∧” sign and write theword you believe to be missing in the blank provided at the end ofthe line.For an unnecessary word, cross the unnecessary word with a slash “/” and put the word in theblank provided at the end of the line.ExampleWhen∧art museum wants a new exhibit, (1) anit never buys things in finished form and hangs (2) neverthem on the wall. When a natural history museumwants an exhibition, it must often build it. (3) exhibitProofread the given passage on ANSWER SHEET THREE as instructed.Translate the underlined part of the following text from Chinese into English. Write your translation on ANSWER SHEET THREE.流逝，表现了南国人对时间最早的感觉。

2016高考英语真题

2016年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试英语AWhat’s OnElectric Underground－Free at the Cyclops TheatreDo you know who’s playing in your area We’re bringing you an evening of live rock and pop music from the best local bands. Are you interested in becoming a musician and getting a recording contract(合同) If so, come early to the talk at by Jules Skye, a successful record producer. He’s going to talk about how you can find the right person to produce you music.Gee WhizzComedy at KaleidoscopeCome and see Gee Whizz pe rform. He’s the funniest stand-up comedian on the comedy scene. This joyful show will please everyone, from the youngest to the oldest. Gee Whizz really knows how to make you laugh! Our bar is open from for drinks and snacks(快餐).Simon’s WorkshopWednesdays at Victoria StageThis is a good chance for anyone who wants to learn how to do comedy. The workshop looks at every kind of comedy, and practices many different ways of making people laugh. Simon is a comedian and actor who has 10 years’ experience of teaching comedy. His workshops are exciting and fun. An evening with Simon will give you the confidence to be funny.Charlotte StonePizza WorldFine food with beautiful jazz music; this is a great evening out. Charlotte Stone will perform songs from her new best-selling CD, with James Pickering on the piano. The menu is Italian, with excellent meat and fresh fish, pizzas and pasta(面食). Book early to get a table. Our bar is open all day, and serves cocktails, coffee, beer, and white wine.1. Who can help you if you want to have your music producedA. Jules Skye.B. Gee Whizz.C. Charlotte Stone.D. James Pickering.2. At which place can people of different ages enjoy a good laughA. The Cyclops TheatreB. KaleidoscopeC. Victoria StageD. Pizza World3. What do we know about Simon’s WorkshopA. It requires membership status.B. It lasts three hours each time.C. It is run by a comedy club.D. It is held every Wednesday.4. When will Charlotte Stone perform her songsA. B. －.C. D. Five years ago, when I taught art at a school in Seattle, I used Tinkertoys as a test at the beginning of a term to find out something about my students. I put a small set of Tinkertoys in front of each student, and sa id:”Make something out of the Tinkertoys. You have 45 minutes today - and 45minutes each day for the rest of the week.”A few students hesitated to start. They waited to see the rest of the class would do. Several others checked the instructions and made something according to one of the model plans provided. Another group built something out of their own imaginations.Once I had a boy who worked experimentally with Tinkertoys in his free time. His constructions filled a shelf in the art classroom and a good part of his bedroom at home. I was delighted at the presence of such a student. Here was an exceptionally creative mind at work. His presence meant that I had an unexpected teaching assistant in class whose creativity would infect(感染) other students.Encouraging this kind of thinking has a downside. I ran the risk of losing those students who had a different style of thinking. Without fail one would declare, ”But I’m just not creative.”“Do you dream at night when you’re asleep”“Oh, sure.”“So tell me one of your most interesting dreams.” The student would tell something wildly imaginative. Flying in the sky or in a time machine or growing three heads. “That’s pretty creative. Who does that for you”“Nobody. I do it.”“Really-at night, when you’re asleep”“Sure.”“Try doing it in the daytime, in class, okay”5. The teacher used Tinkertoys in class in order to ________A. know more about the studentsB. make the lessons more excitingC. raise the students’ interest in artD. teach the students about toy design6. What do we know about the boy mentioned in Paragraph 3A. He liked to help his teacher.B. He preferred to study alone.C. He was active in class.D. He was imaginative.7. What does the underlined word “downside” in Paragraph 4 probably meanA. Mistake.B. Drawback.C. Difficulty.D. Burden.8. Why did the teacher ask the students to talk about their dreamsA. To help them to see their creativity.B. To find out about their sleeping habits.C. To help them to improve their memory.D. To find out about their ways of thinking.CReading can be a social activity. Think of the people who belong to book groups. They choose books to read and then meet to discuss them. Now, the website turns the page on the traditional idea of a book group.Members go on the site and register the books they own and would like to share. BookCrossing provides an identification number to stick inside the book. Then the person leaves it in a public place, hoping that the book will have an adventure, traveling far and wide with each new reader who finds it.Bruce Pederson, the managing director of BookCrossing, says, “The two things that change your life are the people you meet and books you read. BookCrossing co mbines both.”Members leave books on park benches and buses, in train stations and coffee shops. Whoever finds their book will go to the site and record where they found it.People who find a book can also leave a journal entry describing what they thought of it.E-mails are then sent to the BookCrossing to keep them updated about where their books have been found. Bruce peterson says the idea is for people not to be selfish by keeping a book to gather dust on a shelf at home.BookCrossing is p art of a trend among people who want to get back to the “real” and not the virtual(虚拟). The site now has more than one million members in more than one hundred thirty-five countries.9. Why does the author mention book groups in the first paragraphA. To explain what they are. introduce BookCrossing.C. To stress the importance of reading.D. To encourage readers to share their ideas.10. What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 2refer toA. The book. adventure.public place. D. The identification number.11. What will a BookCrosser do with a book after reading itA. Meet other readers to discuss it. it safe in his bookcase.C. Pass it on to another reader.D. Mail it back to its owner.12. What is the best title for the textA. Online Reading: A Virtual TourB. Electronic Books: A new TrendC. A Book Group Brings Tradition BackD. A Website Links People through BooksDA new collection of photos brings an unsuccessful Antarctic voyage back to life.Frank Hurley’s pictures would be outstanding----undoubtedly first-rate photo-journalism---if they had been made last week. In fact, they were shot from 1914 through 1916, most of them after a disastrous shipwreck(海滩), by a cameraman who had no reasonable expectation of survival. Many of the images were stored in an ice chest, under freezing water, in the damaged wooden ship.The ship was the Endurance, a small, tight, Norwegian-built three-master that was intended to take Sir Ernest Shackleton and a small crew of seamen and scientists, 27 men in all, to the southernmost shore of Antarctica’s Weddell Sea. From that point Shackleton wanted to force a passage by dog sled(雪橇) across the continent. The journey was intended to achieve more than what Captain Robert Falcon Scott had done. Captain Scott had reached the South Pole early in 1912 but had died with his four companions on the march back.As writer Caroline Alexander makes clear in her forceful and well-researched story The Endurance, adventuring was even then a thoroughly commercial effort. Scott’s last journey, completed as be lay in a tent dying of cold and hunger, caught the world’s imagination, and a film made in his honor drew crowds. Shackleton, a onetime British merchant-navy officer who had got to within 100 miles of the South Pole in 1908, started a business before his 1914 voyage to make money from movie and still photography. Frank Hurley, a confident and gifted Australian photographer who knew the Antarctic, was hired to make the images, most of which have never before been published.13. What do we know about the photos taken by HurleyA. They were made last weekB. They showed undersea sceneriesC. They were found by a cameramanD. They recorded a disastrous adventure14. Who reached the South Pole first according to the textA. Frank HurleyB. Ernest ShackletonC. Robert Falcon ScottD. Caroline Alexander15. What does Alexander think was the purpose of the 1914 voyageA. Artistic creationB. Scientific researchC. Money makingD. Treasure hunting第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。

2016年高考全国卷英语试卷及答案(word版)(新课标I卷)

绝密★启封前2016普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（乙卷）英语试卷类型A注意事项：1.答题前，先将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在试题卷和答题卡上，并将准考证号条形码粘贴在答题卡上的指定位置。

用2B铅笔将答题卡上试卷类型A后的方框涂黑。

2.选择题的作答：每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑，写在试题卷、草稿纸和答题卡上的非答题区域均无效。

3.非选择题的作答：用签字笔直接答在答题卡上对应的答题区域内。

写在试题卷、草稿纸和答题卡上的非答题区域均无效。

4.考试结束后，请将本试题卷和答题卡一并上交。

第Ⅰ卷第一部分听力（共两节，满分30 分）做题时，现将答案标在试卷上，录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。

第一节（共 5 小题；每小题 1.5 分，满分7.5 分）听下面 5 段对话，每段对话后有一个小题。

从题中所给的A,B,C 三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。

听完每段对话后，你都有10 秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。

每段对话仅读一遍。

例：How much is the shirt?A.£ 19.15B.£ 9.18C.£ 9.15答案是C。

1.What are the speakers talking about?A. Having a birthday party.B. Doing some exercise.C. Getting Lydia a gift2.What is the woman going to do?A. Help the man.B. Take a bus.C. Get a camera3.What does the woman suggest the man do?A. Tell Kate to stop.B. Call Kate, s friends.C. Stay away from Kate.4.Where does the conversation probably take place?A. In a wine shop.B. In a supermarket.C. In a restaurant.5.What does the woman mean?A. Keep the window closed.B. Go out for fresh air.C. Turn on the fan.听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。

1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。

页眉内容 2016年河南省普通高等学校选拨优秀专科毕业生进入本科阶段学习考试公共英语模拟试卷注意事项：答题前，考生务必将自己的姓名、考场号、座位号、考生号填写在答题卡上。

本卷的试题答案必须答在答题卡上，答在卷上无效。

Part LVocabulary and structure (40 points) Directions: There are 40 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the ONE answer that best completes the sentences, and then write the choice on theAnswer Sheet. 1. Jane hadn't been to London before. ______had her husband. A. Neither B. Either C. So D. Or 2. No sooner had he arrived in Rome ______ he heard of the good news. A. when B. than C. then D.until 3.I'm for the suggestion that a special board ______ to examine the problem. A. be set up B. will be set up C.must be set up D.has to be set up 4. The disabled children need many things,but ______,they need love. A. first of all B.not at all C.after all D.all in all 5. The coal industry in the north of China is now barely half itses ______size. A. formal B.former tter ter市（县、区）____________ 姓名_____________ 考生号__________________ 座位号_______________ ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------6. The football player is hoping to______to Another team soon.A. transferB.transportC.transplantD.transact7. ______the garden, the old man went to have a rest.A.Having been wateredB. WateringC.Having wateredD.Being watered8. Her______to the job left her with very little free time.A. devotionB.faithC.trustD.interest9.The children have been______since their father left.A.out of styleB.under controlC.out of controlD.in style10.It is reported______great changes have been made with the application of the new policy.A.whichB. thatC. whileD.what11.The manager promised to keep me______ of how the project was going.A. be informedB. informedC. informrming12. He announced that the co mpany had been transferred to______city.A. anotherB. othersC. the otherD.one another13. A great cheer went up from the crowd as they caught______of the hero.A. visionB. viewC. sightD.glance14.Physics______my favorite subject when I studied in the university.A.wereB.wasC.isD.are15. ______ we can succeed or not depends on how well we cooperate with others.A. ThenB. ThusC. WhatD. Whether16. I will lend you the book______ you return it to me in time.A. on condition thatB. in caseC. in order thatD. so that17. Mr.Brown is supposed to_______for Italy last month.A. be leavingB.have leftC.leaveD.have been left18. -Did you enjoy the TV program last night?-No, ______not.A. particularlyB.obviouslyC.surprisinglyD.normally19. We are disappointed yesterday because it wasn' t such a good dinner______she had promised us.A. likeB.asC. whichD.what20. She walked along the path,______ her daughter close behind.A. followingB. followC. to followD. was followed21. She insisted that the seats in the theater______ in advance to insure a better view.A. bookedB. be bookedC. are bookedD. were to book22. We are sometimes_______of selfishness in our lives,though we are mostly generous in personality.A. miserableB. greedyC. guiltyD. sorty23. The teacher doesn't allow his students_______on the exam.A. cheatedB.cheatingC. cheatD. to cheat24. There is a lot of evidence______too much stress is partly responsible for the disease.A. whatB. whichC. asD.that25.“______”everyone's here,”she said, "let's begin to discuss the solution to the problems we have found.”A. As far asB. Now thatC. So farD.By far26. Most computer users are ______ threat from computer viruses.A. withinB. uponC. towardsD.under27. No matter how ______，it's impossible that he has never lost money.A. a businessman smart isB. a businessman is smartC. smart is a businessmanD. smart a businessman is28. David told the truth______to annoy her,and she was angry for being betrayed by her goodfriend.A. on purposeB.in needC.in detailD.at all29.The classroom is quite clean______some waste paper on the floor.A. except forB.besidesC.exceptD.without30.The bad weather______the building program by several weeks.A. went onB.put onC.set backD.built up31. They naturally hope that their choice of the play will be______ with the school and parents.A. pleasingB. welcomeC. kindD. popular32. These two pictures are so______ that it's very difficult to tell them apart.A. exactB. familiarC. likelyD. similar33. These tickets for the performance are______until the end of the month.A. acceptableB. availableC. advisableD. applicable34. Please______the water tap when you have finished your washing.A. turn onB. turn offC. turn outD. turn over35. Don't associate with bad boys______your whole life will be ruinedA. orB. butC. andD. so that36. I shall have a companion in the house after all these______years.A. aloneB. lonelyC. singleD. simple37. You______if you had had higher score in the examination.A. must have got scholarshipB. would have got scholarshipC. should get scholarshipD. had got scholarship38. The bank has established______in many big cities in the world.A. partsB. twigsC. benchesD. branches39. While studying,he financially depended______his wife.A. onB. ofC. toD. from40. Only in this way______out of the plan.A. you can talk himB. can you talk himC. him you can talkD. him can you talkPart II Cloze (20 points)Directions:There are 20 blanks in the following passage.For each blank there are four choices marked A,B, C and D. You should choose the one that best fits into the passage and mark the corresponding letter ohthe Answer Sheet.Who won the World Cup 1994 football game? What happened at the United Nations? How did the critics like the new play? 41 an event takes place, newspapers are on the streets 42 the details. Wherever anything happens in the world, reports are on the spot to 43 the news.Newspapers have one basic 44 ，to get the news as quickly as possible from its source, from those who make it to those who want to 45 it. Radio, telegraph, television, and 46 invetions brought competition for newspapers. So did the development of magazines and other means of communication. 47，this competition merely spurred the newspapers on. They quickly made use of the newer and faster means of communication to improve the 48 and thus the efficiency of their own operations. Today more newspapers are 49 and read than ever before. Competition also led newspapers to branch out to many other fields. Besides keeping readers 50 of the latest news, today's newspapers 51 and influence readers about politics and other important and serious matters. Newspapers influence readers' economic choices 52 advertising. Most newspapers depend on advertising for their very 53.Newspapers are sold at a price that 54 even a small fraction of the cost of production. The maines 55 of income for most newspapers is commercial advertising. The 56 in selling advertising depends on a newspaper's value to advertisers. This 57 in terms ofcirculation. How many people read the newspaper? Circulation depends 58 on the work of the circulation department and on the services or entertainment 59 in a newspaper's pages. But for the most part,circulation depends on a newspaper's value to readers as a source of information 60 the community, city, country, state,nation, and world-and even outer space.B.WhileC.Soon afterD.Beforegive B.giving C.given D.being givenB.spreadC.carryD.bringB.causeC.problemD.purposeB.publishC.lcnowD.writeB.otherC.one anotherD.the otherB.AndC.ThereforeD.SoB.ratioC.rateD.speedB.passedC.printedpletedB.be informedC.to be informedD. informedB.encouragecateD.editB.throughC.withD.ofB.existenceC.contentsD.purposeto cover B.manages to cover C.fails to cover D.succeeds inB.ortgmC.courseD.financeB.meansC.chanceD.successB.measuredC.is measuredD.was measuredB.littleC.muchD.somethingB.offeredC.which offeredD.to be offeredB.withC.atD.aboutPart III Reading Comprehension(40 points)Directions:There are 4 passages in this part.Each passage is followed by some questions or incomplete statements.For each of them there are 4 choices marked A, B, C and D.You should decide on the best choice, and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.Passage1Many post-80s couples are complaining that going to the movies shopping or attending parties have become i impossible since their kids were born. That's the way most parents are living their lives,no weekends of their own, no time to visit friends, not even a chance of promotion in their jobs.Asking help from their parents might be a way out,but problems are that some aging parents are not strong enough to take care of the kids,and that the ki ds may also become too spoiled by their grandparents.Then, here comes a solution: families with kids can form a small group, and parents of each family can take turns to look after all the kids in this group on weekends. Thus, other parents can have some quiet time and fell free to do something they' ve been planning for a long time. At the same time, the kids can make new friends and won' t be hanging around their parents all day Iong.This is baby-pooling.61. Many post-80s couples can’t go to the movies, shop or attend parties because______.A .they have to look after their kids C. they are busy with their workB. they have to look after their parents D. they have no money62. In paragraph 2, "a way out" means______.A. out of dateB. a solutionC. without questionD. a complaint63. According to the last paragraph, the solution to the problem of post-80s couples isthat______.A. families with kids form a small group C. they give up their jobsB.they ask their aging parents for help D.they take their kids wherever they go64. What is( are) the advantage(s) of baby-pooling?A. The parents can have much more free time.B. The kids can make new friends.C. The kids won't be hanging around their parents all day longD.All of the above65. The passage mainly discusses______.A. post-80s couples and their friends C. post-80s couples and their parentsB. post-80s couples and baby-pooling D. kids and their grandparentsPassage2It is a terrible illustration of man’s weakness to nature,and the tsunami(海啸)that struck theJapanese coast in March, 2011 has illustrated the difficulty of fighting against natural disasters, even for a prosperous nation.Totally preventing tsunami-damage is impossible. But there is much that can be done tominimize damage and loss of life. Measures that can be taken include designing solid buildings ,and developing early-warning systems, public education programs and evacuation(疏散)strategies.Moreover, the approach of a tsunami is possibly picked up by the sensors of complicated international warning systems.Countries can use radio and television broadcasts as well as loudspeaker networks to warn the public.But an early warning system depends on how far the tsunami strikes, if it' s close by, the warning system is not going to be very effective. When people are faced with an unstoppable force like a tsunami the massive waves created by events like underwater earthquakes, the best course of action for them is to get inland and to the higher ground as quickly as possible.66.The first paranranh tells us that______.A. man can easily defeat the natureB. tsunamis take place only in JapanC. man' s ability to cope with natural disasters is limitedD. the tsunami-damage in Japan is not so terrible67. To prevent tsunami-damage, the following measures can be taken EXCEPT______.A. designing firm buildingsB. developing early-warning systemsC. developing evacuation strategiesD. keeping the public unaware of the seriousness68. According to the passage，which of the following can cause a tsunami of tsunamis______?A. Storms C. Underwater earthB. Massive waves D. Floods69. When a tsunami happens, the best course of action for people is to______.A.listen to radio and television broadcasts for informationB.get inland and to the higher ground as quickly as possibleC.stay where they areD.rely on the warning systems70. Which of the following statements is true according to the passage'?A.The total prevention of tsunamis is possible.B.Rich countries are less affected by tsunamis than poor countriesC.Approaching tsunamis can possibly be picked up by sensors.D.An early warning system is effective when a tsunami is close by.Passage 3Global warming is causing more than 300,000 deaths and about $125 billion in economic losses each year, according to a report by the Global Humanitarian Forum, an organization led by Annan, the former United Nations secretary general.The report, to be released Friday, analyzed data and existing studies of health, disaster, population and economic trends. It found that human-influenced climate change was raising the global death rates from illnesses including malnutrition(营养不良)and heat-related health problems.But even before its release, the report drew criticism from some experts on climate and risk, who questioned its methods and conclusions.Along with the deaths, the report said that the lives of 325 million people, primarily in poor countries,were being seriously affected by climate change.It projected that the number would double by 2030.Roger Pielke Jr.a political scientist at the University of Colorado, Boulder, who studies disaster trends,said the Forum's report was "a methodological embarrassment" because there was no way to distinguish deaths or economic losses related to human-driven global warming amid the much larger losses resulting from the growth in populations and economic development in vulnerable(易受伤害的)regions. Dr. Pielke said that "climate change is an important problemreqmrmg our utmost attention." But the report he said,"will harm the cause for action on both climate change and disasters because it is so deeply flawed(有瑕疵的).”However, Soren Andreasen, a social scientist at Dalberg Global Development Partners who supervised the writing of the report, defended it, saying that it was clear that the numbers were rough estimates. He said the report was aimed at world leaders, who will meet in Copenhagen in December to negotiate a new international climate treaty.In a press release describing the report,Mr. Annan stressed the need for the negotiations tofocus on increasing the flow of money from rich to poor regions to help reduce their vulnerability to climate hazards while still curbing the emissions of the heat-trapping gases. More than 90% of the human and economic losses from climate change are occurring in poor countries, according to the report.71.What is the finding of the Global Humanitarian Forum?A.Global temperatures affect the rate of economic development.B.Rates of death from illnesses have risen due to global warmingC.Malnutrition has caused serious health problems in poor countries.D.Economic trends have to do with population and natural disasters72. What do we learn about the Forum's report from the passage?A. It was challenged by some climate and risk experts.B. It aroused a lot of interest in the scientific circlesC. It was warmly received by environmentalists.D. It caused a big stir in developing countries.73. What does Dr. Pielke say about the Forum's report?A. Its statistics look embarrassing.B. It is invalid in terms of methodology.C. It deserves our closest attention.D. Its conclusion is purposely exaggerated74. What is Soren Andreasen's view of the report?A. Its conclusions are based on carefully collected data.B. It is vulnerable to criticism if the statistics are closely examined.C. It will give rise to heated discussions at the Copenhagen conference.D. Its rough estimates are meant to draw the attention of world leaders.75.What does Kofi Annan say should be the focus of the Copenhagen conference?A. How rich and poor regions can share responsibility in curbing global warming.B. How human and economic losses from climate change can be reduced.C. How emissions of heat-trapping gases can be reduced on a global scale.D. How rich countries can better help poor regions reduce climate hazards.Passage4Reaching new peaks of popularity in North Americais Iceberg Water, which is harvested from icebergs off the coast of Newfoundland, Canada.Arthur von Wiesenberger, who carries the title Water Master, is one of the few water critics in North America. As a boy, he spent time in the larger cities of Italy, France and Switzerland, where bottled water is consumed daily. Even then, he kept a water journal, noting the brands he liked best. "My dog could tell the difference between bottled and tap water," He says.But is plain tap water all that bad? Not at all. In fact, New York's municipal water for more than a century was called the champagne of tap water and until recently considered among the best in the world in terms of both taste and purity. Similarly, a magazine in England found that tap water from the Thames River tasted better than several leading brands of bottled water that were 400 times more expensive.Nevertheless, soft-drink companies view bottled water as the next battle-ground for market share-this despite the fact that over 25 percent of bottled water comes from tap water: PepsiCo's Aquafina and Coca-Cola's Dasani are both purified tap water rather than spring water.As diners thirst for leading brands, bottlers and restaurateurs salivate(垂涎) over the profits.A restaurant's typical mark-up on wine is 100 to 150 percent, whereas on bottled waterit's often 300 to 500 percent. But since water is much cheaper than wine, and many of the fancier brands aren't available in stores, most diners don't notice or care.As a result, some restaurants are turning up the pressure to sell bottled water. According to an article in The Street Journal, some of the more shameless tactics include placing attractive bottles on the table for a visual sell, listing brands on the menu without prices, and pouring bottled water without even asking the diners if they want itRegardless of how it's sold, the popularity of bottled water taps into our desire for better health. Our wish to appear cultivated, and even a longing for lost purity.76. What do we know about Iceberg Water from the passage?A.It is a kind of iced water.B.It is just plain tap water.C.It is a kind of bottled water.D.It is a kind of mineral water.77. By saying "My dog could tell the difference between bottled and tap water (Line 3Para2)," VonWiesenberger wants to convey the message that______·A-.plain tap water is certainly unfit for drinkingB.bottled water is clearly superior to tap waterC.bottled water often appeals more to dogs tasteD.dogs can usually detect a fine difference in taste78. The fancier brands (Line 3 Para 5) refers to_·A.tap water from the Thames RiverB.famous wines not sold in ordinary storesC.PepsiCo's Aquafina and Coca-Cola's DasaniD.expensive bottled water with impressive names79. Why are some restaurants turning up the pressure to sell bottled water?A.Bottled water brings in huge profits.petition from the wine industry is intense.C.Most diners find bottled water affordable.D.Bottled water satisfied diners' desire to fashionable.80. According to passage, why is bottled water so popular?A.It is muph cheaper than wine.B.It is considered healthier.C.It appeals to more cultivated people.D.It is more widely promoted in the market.Part IV Translation(20 points)Directions:There are 10 sentences in this part.Please translate sentences 81-85 from Chinese into English,and translate sentences 86-90 from English into Chinese, Write your answer on theAnswer Sheet.81.只要明天天气好，我们就和同学一起去游泳。