英美文学 杰弗里乔叟 Geoffrey Chaucer
英美文学作家作品集合
杰弗里·乔叟（Geoffrey Chaucer，1340年—1400年），英国中世纪著名作家，出生于一个酒商家庭。
1359年随爱德华三世的部队远征法国，被法军俘虏，不久以黄金赎回。
乔叟当过国王侍从，出使许多欧洲国家，两度访问意大利，发现了但丁、薄伽丘和彼特拉克的作品，对他的文学创作起了极大的作用。
代表作：《坎特伯雷故事集》（The Canterbury Tales）其他作品《公爵夫人之书》(Book of the Duchess)、《声誉之宫》(The House of Fame)、《百鸟会议》(The Parliament of Fowles)、《贤妇传说》(The Legend of Good Women)以及《特洛伊罗斯与克丽西达》(Troilus and Criseyde)。
乔叟于1400年10月25日在伦敦逝世，葬于威斯敏斯特教堂里的“诗人之角”。
乔叟的死因不明，可能是被谋杀，英国的中世纪研究专家特里·琼斯曾出了一本书《谁谋杀了乔叟？》。
乔叟率先采用伦敦方言写作，并创作“英雄双行体”，对英国民族语言和文学的发展影响极大，故被誉为“英国诗歌之父”。
艾德蒙·斯宾塞（1552-1599）毕业于剑桥大学，著名英国诗人，尤以十四行诗著称。
在不少英国批评家眼中，斯宾塞是英国历史上最伟大的诗人之一，与其齐名的，仅莎士比亚、弥尔顿、华兹华斯等二三人而已。
从一个外国读者的眼中来看，他的诗无疑是优美可诵的，例如他写的十四行诗，就不比莎士比亚逊色。
可以爱情小唱（1595）第75首为例：有一天我把她的名字写在沙滩上，大浪冲来就把它洗掉。
我把她的名字再一次写上，潮水又使我的辛苦成为徒劳。
“妄想者，”她说，“何必空把心操，想叫一个必朽的人成为不朽！我知道我将腐烂如秋草，我的名字也将化为乌有。
” “不会，”我说，“让卑劣者费尽计谋而仍归一死，你却会声名长存，因为我的诗笔会使你的品德永留，还会在天上书写你的荣名。
杰弗里·乔叟(Geoffrey
• 1357年做宫廷侍童， • 1359年参加对法作战时被俘，翌年由国王赎 回， • 1361年-1367年在内殿法学协会受训， • 1366年与王后寝宫的女官结婚，此后多次代 表爱德华三世出使欧洲大陆，到过比利时、法 国、意大利等国，有机会遇见薄伽丘与彼特拉 克，这对他的文学创
杰弗里· 乔叟（Geoffrey Chaucer)
（Geoffrey Chaucer， 1342年—1400年），英国 中世纪著名作家，出生于一个 酒商家庭。1359年随爱德华 三世的部队远征法国，被法军 俘虏，不久以黄金赎回。乔叟 当过国王侍从，出使许多欧洲 国家，两度访问意大利，发现 了但丁、薄伽丘和彼特拉克的 作品，对他的文学创作起了极 大的作用。
★杰弗雷· 乔叟(Geoffrey Chaucer,约
三个时期
• 乔叟的诗歌创作分为三个时期：
• ①法国影响时期（1359～1372）：主要翻译并仿效法国诗人的 作品，创作了《悼公爵夫人》(The Book of the Duchess (1369))，用伦敦方言翻译了法国中世纪长篇叙事诗《玫瑰传奇》 等。 • ②意大利影响时期（1372～1386）：诗人接触了资产阶级人文 主义的进步思想。这一时期的创作如《百鸟会议》、《特罗伊勒 斯和克莱西德》(Troilus and Criseyde (c. 1385))、《好女 人的故事》，反映了作者面向生活现实的创作态度和人文主义观 点。 • ③成熟时期（1386～1400）：乔叟在这最后15年里从事《坎 特伯雷故事集》的创作。无论在内容和技巧上都达到他创作的顶 峰。他首创的英雄双韵体为以后的英国诗人所广泛采用，被誉为 “英国诗歌之父”。 • 乔叟早期的创作受意大利和法国文学的影响。他把法国文学 中的骑士传奇、抒情诗和动物寓言故事等引入英国文学。其早期 作品《特罗勒斯和克莱西德》(1385)，人物性格塑造生动细腻， 语言机智幽默。 从1377年开始，乔叟多次
杰费雷·乔叟--Geoffrey Chaucer
选段参考译文
在这时节，有一天，我正停憩在伦敦南岸萨得克 的泰巴客店，虔心诚意，准备去坎特伯雷朝圣， 到了晚上，客店中来了二十九位形形色色的朝 圣客，凑巧结成了旅伴，他们都不约而同，要 赴坎特伯雷的盛会；当时客店的屋舍马厩却很 宽敞，我们舒舒服服地安顿下来。简单说来， 到了夕阳西沉的时分，我已同每人相识交谈， 约定了一齐早起出发。可是，在我开讲这故事 之前，我想暂抽一部分时间，先谈一下每人的 个别情况，由我的角度看去，他们是何种人物， 属于哪一个社会阶层，穿着怎样。现在我将先 讲一个武士。
Unit 1 Geoffrey Chaucer (1343-1400)
杰弗里·乔叟
Geoffrey Chaucer 杰弗里·乔叟
杰弗里·乔叟简介
英国最早具有人文主义思想的代表诗人，也 是现实主义文学的奠基人。早年受法国文 学的影响，代表作品是《悼公爵夫人》 (The Book of the Duchess)和用伦敦方言翻 译了法国中世纪长篇叙事诗《玫瑰传奇》 等。中期的代表诗作有《声誉之堂》(The House of Fame)和《特罗伊勒斯和克莱西 德》(Troilus and Criseyde)，肯定爱情和 个人幸福，反对封建专制和压迫，反映了 作者现实主义的创作态度和人文主义观点。
杰弗里·乔叟简介
乔叟在最后十五年里创作了《坎特伯雷故事》 (The Canterbury Tales)，这部作品是英国 文学史上现实主义文学作品的第一部杰作， 充满了浓郁的生活气息和时代特点，也反 映了当时社会处于封建社会向资本主义社 会过渡时期，带有强烈的人文主义色彩， 无论在英国文学还是在语言上都起了重大 的作用。他也是英国文学史上首位用伦敦 方言写作的作家，加强了伦敦方言在英国 文学史上的地位。英国十七世纪作家约 翰·德莱顿称他为“英国诗歌之父”。
Geoffrey Chaucer
《坎特伯雷故事集》特点
• 一、它展现了广阔的社会画面。香客来自社会各 个阶层：骑士、僧侣、学者、律师、商人、手工 业者、自耕农、磨坊主等。 • 二、它综合采用了中世纪的各种文学体裁，有骑 士传奇、圣徒传、布道文、寓言等。 • 三、总序和开场白中对人物的描写和故事本身饶 有趣味，充满幽默感。 • 四、语言带上了讲述人自身的特征，每人所讲的 故事都体现出讲述人的身份、趣味、爱好、职业 和生活经验。
5.《特洛伊罗斯与克瑞西达》--乔叟对中世纪宫廷爱情文学 传统的继承与超越 Troilus and Criseyde:Chaucer and Courtly Love Tradition [四川师范大学学报（社会科学版） Journal of Sichuan Normal University(Social Sciences Edition)] 肖明翰 6.乔叟语言艺术中的讽刺幽默 Ironical Humor in Chaucer‘s Language Art [哈尔滨学院学报 Journal of Harbin University] 王欣 7. 乔叟的梦幻诗和欧洲中世纪梦幻文学传统 Chaucer's Dream Poetry and the Medieval Tradition of Dream Vision [外国文学研究 Foreign Literature Studies] 刘进 , Liu Jin 8.论乔叟人文主义思想的形成 The Evolving of Chaucer's Humanism [徐州师范大学学报（哲学社会科学版） Journal of Xuzhou Normal University(Philosophy and Social Sciences Edition)] 王莹章
王守仁《英国文学选读》笔记和课后习题详解-杰弗里
第1单元杰弗里•乔叟1.1复习笔记Geoffrey Chaucer(杰弗里·乔叟)(1343-1400)1.Life(生平)Geoffrey Chaucer,born in1343in London,is the founder of English poetry.He was the son of a wine merchant who had connections with the Court.He later became a courtier and comptroller.Chaucer’s learning was wide in scope.He obtained a good knowledge of Latin, French and Italian.He had broad and intimate acquaintance with persons high and low in all walks of life,and knew well the whole life of his time,which left great impressions upon his works and particularly upon his variegated depiction of the English society of his time.He died in1400and was buried in Westminster Abbey,thus founding the Poets’Corner.杰弗里·乔叟于1343年出生于伦敦，他是英语诗歌之父。
他是一个与宫廷有联系的酒商的儿子。
他后来担任过侍臣和审计官。
乔叟知识渊博。
他精通拉丁语、法语和意大利语。
他结交广泛且易与人深交，无论是贵族还是贫民,因此他深谙所处世事。
这尤其有益于他在作品中对英国社会的刻画。
中古英语时期：Geoffrey_Chaucer_(杰弗里。乔叟)
3. The third or the English period, his best period (1387-1400) The Canterbury Tales《坎特伯雷故事集》 His masterpiece and a representative works of the Middle Ages.
无忧PPT整理发布
III. The Canterbury Tales
1. It has 24 stories. 2.It is the description of the pilgrims（ 朝圣者 ）who tell stories. 3. It is about the life of ordinary people. 4. It gives vivid characters, with humor and satire（讽刺）.
无忧PPT整理发布
8. The significance of The Canterbury Tales 1).It gives a comprehensive picture of Chaucer’s time. The gentle class--- the burgher（市民）---- the professionals 2). The dramatic structure of the poem: the stories are well woven by “links”. 3). Chaucer’s humor----- characteristics feature of English literature ---- gentle satire and mild irony.
Heroic Couplet: the rhymed couplet of iambic pentameter. (英雄双韵体) Iambic Pentameter: is the most common English meter, in which each foot contains an unaccented syllable and an accented syllable. (五音步抑扬格 )
Geoffrey Chaucer乔叟英文简介
While he achieved fame during his lifetime as an author, philosopher, alchemist and astronomer, composing a scientific treatise on the astrolabe for his ten-year-old son Lewis, Chaucer also maintained an active career in the civil service as a bureaucrat, courtier and diplomat. Among his many works, which include The Book of the Duchess, the House of Fame, the Legend of Good Women and Troilus and Criseyde, he is best known today for The Canterbury Tales
Geoffrey Chucer (/ˈtʃɔːsər/; c. 1343 – 25 October 1400), known as the Father of English literature, is widely considered the greatest English poet of the Middle Ages and was the first poet to be buried in Poets' Corner of Westminster Abbey. Chaucer was a crucial figure in developing the legitimacy of the vernacular, Middle English, at a time when the dominant literary languages in England were French and Latin
杰弗里乔叟的英文简介
杰弗里乔叟的英文简介杰弗里·乔叟,英国中世纪著名作家，安葬在伦敦威斯敏特斯教堂的“诗人之角”，下面是店铺为你整理的杰弗里乔叟的英文简介，希望对你有用!杰弗里·乔叟简介Geoffrey Chaucer (about 1343 ~ 1400) British poet. His personal life is quite rich: 1357 years to do the court paternity, 1359 years to participate in the war when the law was captured, the following year by the king of redemption, 1361 - 1367 in the Temple Law Association training, 1366 and the queen of the palace The women's marriage, after many times on behalf of Edward III to the European continent, to Belgium, France, Italy and other countries, have the opportunity to meet Boccaccio and Petrak, which his literary creation had a great impact. In 1374, Chaucer was the London fur management officer, and in 1382 served as the tariff manager for alcohol and other commodities. In 1385, Chaucer was the magistrate of Kent, the second year was elected to the county knight to attend the lower house of parliament. In 1389 years after the KMT government, Chaucer has served as the royal construction works and Somerset royal forest deputy director. Chaucer was deprived of official and annuities during the asylum of the asylum, and the economy was strained. He had written the oil poem "to the empty capsule" to just ascend to Henry IV, complain about their own poverty. In 1400, Joao died and was buried at Poet's Corner in London's Westminster Church. He was also the first poet to be buried here.Chaucer's poetic creation is divided into three periods: (1) the French influence period (1360 ~ 1372): the main translation and follow the works of the French poet, created the "Duchess" (TheBook of the Duchess (1369) Dialect translation of the French medieval long narrative poem "rose legend" and so on. ② the Italian influence period (1372 ~ 1386): the poet came into contact with the progressive thinking of bourgeois humanism. The creation of this period, such as the "Birds Conference", "Troilus and Criseyde (c. 1385))," The Story of a Good Woman ", reflects the author's creation for the reality of life Attitude and humanism.③ mature period (1386 ~ 1400): Chaucer in the last 15 years in the "Canterbury story set" creation. Both in content and skills to achieve the pinnacle of his creation. His first heroic rhyme is widely used by British poets later, known as "the father of British poetry."The early creation of Chaucer was influenced by Italian and French literature. He introduced the literature of knights in the French literature, the lyrics and animal fables, and so on. Its early works "Trolls and Clay West" (1385), character character to create vivid and delicate, language witty humor.From 1377 onwards, Chaucer repeatedly made the European continent, in contact with Dante, Pietrak and Boccaccio and others works. These writers anti-feudal anti-religious spirit and humanism, so that Chaucer's creative thinking has undergone profound changes, began to turn to realism. The narrative poem "Trolls and the West", which is rewritten according to a long poem of Boccaccio, rejects the traditions of fantasy and fables, instead of the description of the characters and life details in the real world. A realist work.Chaucer carried out the creation of The Canterbury Tales (1387-1400) in the last fifteen years of his life. This is his most outstanding work.Chaucer's vision, profound observation, rich writing style,truly reflect the lives of different social classes, created a realist tradition of British literature, Shakespeare and Dickens have an impact."Canterbury story set" is the British writer Chaucer's novel. The work describes a group of pilgrims gathered in a small London hotel, ready to pilgrimage to Canterbury. Shopkeepers suggested that pilgrims on the way to the two stories, to see who speak the best. The story set includes 23 stories, one of the most wonderful stories are: the knight's story of love tragedy, the story of the knight's knight's knight, the soldier who sells the crucifixion, the talisman's story, the businessman's story The story of the family disputes, the story of the farmer's touching love and generosity. The works extensively reflect the British social life of the embryonic period of capitalism, exposing the corruption of the church, the greed and hypocrisy of the priest, condemning the asceticism of human nature, affirming the secular love life.The artistic achievements of the Canterbury Tales are very high, far exceeding the previous British literary works, the first example of the realism in British literary history. The work combines humor and satire, and the comedy is strong, and most of the stories are written in double rhyme poems, which have had an impact on later English literature. People figure clear, lively language. Chaucer's creation of the vibrant London dialect also laid the foundations for the English literary language. His first heroic rhyme was widely used by British poets in the future, and Chaucer was hailed as "the father of English poetry."杰弗里·乔叟作品Geoffrey Chaucer (1340 - 1400), a famous British medieval writer, was born in a wine family. 1359 years with the troops of Edward III leap in France, captured by the French army, and soonto redemption. Chaucer became king's attendants, made many European countries, twice visited Italy, found Dante, Boccaccio and Petrak's works, his literary creation played a great role. The Book of the Duchess, The House of Fame, The House of Fowles, The House of Fae, The House of Fowles, The House of Fowles, The House of Fowles, The House of Fowles, The House of Fowles, The House of Fowles, The House of Fowles, The House of Fowles, The House of Fowles, The House of Fowles, The House of Fowles, "The Legend of Good Women" and "Troilus and Criseyde". Chaucer died in London on October 25, 1400, and was buried in the corner of the poet in Westminster Abbey. Chaucer's death is unknown, may be murdered, the British medieval research expert Terry Jones had a book "Who murdered Chaucer?" Chaucer first took the London dialect writing, and the creation of "heroic bimodal", the British national language and literature development great influence, it is known as "the father of British poetry."。
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And the small fowl are making melody That sleep away the night with open eye (so nature pricks them and their heart engages) 小鸟的歌喉多么清脆优美，
坎特伯雷故事集
Chaucer greatly contributed to the founding of the English literary language, the basis of which was formed by the London dialect, so profusely used by the poet.
couplet)
E.g. A thousand times have I heard men telle That there is joye in heven and peyne in helle (alliterative verse---- metrical form)
laid the foundation of the English tonico-syllabic verse
Geoffrey Chaucer
LOGO
Position of Geoffrey Chacuer
a. the father of English poetry b. the father of English fiction c. the forerunner of English renaissance d. one of the greatest narrative poets of England e. the first poet who wrote in English language f. the first English realistic poet
Each of the pilgrims or narrators is presented vividly in the Prologue. The pilgrims are people from various parts of England. They are the representatives of various walks of life and social groups, with various interests, tastes and predilections.
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(a)French influence (1360-1372)
Romance of the Rose《玫瑰传奇》 trans.
The Book of the Duchess（1369）《悼公爵夫人书》
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(b) Italian influence (1372-1386)
送走了土壤干裂的三月。 沐浴着草木的丝丝茎络， 顿时万花盛开，生机勃勃。
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When also Zephyrus with his sweet breath, Exhales an air in every grove and heath Upon the tender shoots, and the young sun 西风轻吹，留下清香缕缕， 田野复苏，吹出芳草绿绿； His half-course in the sign of the Ram 碧蓝的天空腾起一轮红日 青春的太阳洒下万道金辉。 has run,
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Brief Introduction
1357年做宫廷侍童， 1359年参加对法作战时被俘，翌年由国王赎回， 1361年-1367年在内殿法学协会受训， 1366年与王后寝宫的女官结婚，此后多次代表爱德华三世出使欧洲大 陆，到过比利时、法国、意大利等国，有机会遇见薄伽丘与彼特拉克 ，这对他的文学创作产生了很大的影响。 1374年，乔叟任伦敦毛皮关税管理员， 1382年兼任酒类及其它商品的关税管理员。 1385年，乔叟任肯特郡治安法官，第二年被选为该郡骑士代表出席议 会下院。 1389年理查德亲政后，乔叟又先后担任过王室建筑工程主事和萨默塞 特王室森林副主管。乔叟在庇护者失宠期间，被剥夺了官位和年金， 经济拮据。他曾写过打油诗《致空囊》给刚登基的亨利四世，申诉自 己的贫穷。 1400年乔叟逝世，安葬在伦敦威斯敏特斯教堂的“诗人之角 ”(Poet's Corner)，他也是第一位葬于此的诗人。
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The most vigorous有力的；精力充沛的 character is the larger-than-life Wife of Bath
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The crudest粗野的，缺乏教养的 character is the Miller磨 坊主；碾磨工
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Prologue
Each of the narrators reveals his or her own views and character. Chaucer created a striking brilliant and picturesque panorama of his time and his country. And thus Chaucer’s realism, trenchant irony and freedom of views reached a high level of power. It is no exaggeration to say that the Prologue supplies a miniature of the English society of Chaucer’s time. Looking at his picture gallery, we know at once how people lived in that era. So Chaucer was praised as “the father of English realism”.
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When in April the sweet showers fall, And pierce the drought of March to the root and all The veins are bathed in liquor of such power, As brings about the engendering of the flower, 夏雨给大地带来了喜悦，
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(c) English
influence (1387-1400)
Complaint to His Empty Purse (1399)《致空囊》
The Canterbury Tales (1387-1400)《坎特伯雷故事集》 (Masterpiece)
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The Canterbury Tales
Prologue
The Prologue开场 is a splendid masterpiece of realistic portrayal, the first of its kind in the history of English literature. From the Prologue, we can see that Chaucer is a talented portrait painter.
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Literary Career
Chaucer’s literary career can be divided into three periods corresponding with those of his life.
(a) French influence (1360-1372) (b) Italian influence (1372-1386) (c) English influence (1387-1400)
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Prologue
The pilgrims range from the knight, the squire, the prioress, through the landed proprietor and wealthy tradesman, down to the drunken cook and humble plowman. There are also monks, nuns and priests. And there are also doctors, a lawyer, a summoner, a sailor, a miller and Oxford scholar. With a feeling of sympathy Chaucer describes the Clerk, a poor philosopher who spends all his money on books. Among the pilgrims there is a Wife from the town of Bath, a gaily dressed middle-aged widow, who Page 15 hopes to find a husband in Canterbury.
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The first character, traveling with his squire侍从 and yeoman仆人 , is a knight骑士 who represents the nobility贵族 : “He was a very parfit, gentle knight.”
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英雄双韵体 (Heroic Couplet) 英雄双韵体 (Heroic Couplet) 是一种英国古典诗体，由乔叟首创。由十音节双韵诗体演化而来，每 行五个音步,每个音步有两个音节,第一个是轻音,第二个是重音.句式 均衡、整齐、准确、简洁、考究。 拿四行诗的押韵方式为例，有abab型，有abcb型，有abba型，有aabb 型，还有aaab型。第四种（aabb型）实际上是双行押韵，英语称之为 couplet,如果每行五音步，则称之为“英雄双韵体”。