unit4 Astronomy 语言点 知识讲解
最新高考英语一轮复习-Unit-4-《Astronomy-the-science-of-the-stars》重点梳理现题解析
必修3Unit 4 Astronomy: the science of the stars要点梳理高效梳理·知识备考●重点单词1．astronomy n．天文学→astronomer n．天文学家2．system n．系统；体系；制度3．theory n．学说；理论→theoretical adj.理论上的4．globe n．球体；地球仪；地球→global adj.全球性的；全世界的5．violent adj.猛烈的；激烈的；强暴的→violence n．暴力→violently adv.猛烈地6．atmosphere n．大气层；气氛7．unlike prep.不同；不像→dislike vt.不喜欢8．presence n．出席；到场；存在→present adj. & n. & v．在场的；目前，现在；出席；颁发，授予9．harmful adj.有害的；伤害的→harm n．危害，害处→harmless adj.无害的10．exist vi.存在，生存→existence n．存在，生存11．puzzle n．谜；难题vt. & vi.(使)迷惑；(使)为难→puzzled adj.迷惑的→puzzling adj.令人迷惑的12．gravity n．万有引力；重力13．satellite n．卫星；人造卫星14．climate n．气候15．spaceship n．宇宙飞船16．pull n. & vt.拉(力)；拖；牵引力17．float vi. & vt.(使)浮动；(使)漂浮 n．漂浮物18．mass n．质量；团；块；大量；(复)群众●重点短语1．in time 及时；终于2．lay eggs 下蛋3．give birth to产生；分娩4．in one’s turn 轮到某人；接着5．prevent...from 阻止；制止6．block out挡住(光线)7．cheer up感到高兴；感到振奋8．now that 既然9．break out突发；爆发10．watch out密切注视；当心；提防11．cool down 冷却12．as well as 也；还有……13．depend on依靠；依赖，取决于14．get close to 靠近●重点句型1．This produced a chain reaction, which made it possible for life to develop. 这就形成一个连锁反应，使生命发展成为可能。
高一英语必修3Unit 4Astronomy the science of the stars知识点总结
Unit 4 Astronomy：the science of the starsPeriod 1 Grammar points.一．语法要点主语从句：在复合句中作主句的主语的从句叫主语从句。
引导主语从句的词有连词that, whether；连接代词who, what, which；连接副词when, where, how, why等。
Eg: Which team will win the match is still unknown.主语从句放在句首，句子常显得笨重，因此一般把它放到句子后面，前面用引导词”it”来作主语。
Eg: It’s strange that he didn’t come yesterday.二．重点难点1．Nobody knew that it was going to be different from other planets going to be different from other planets going round the sun.going round the sun 为现在分词短语定语，表示一般的动作。
Eg: Men breaking the law will be punished.现在分词短语，也可表示进行的动作2. Weather life will continue on the earth for millions of years to come will depend on whether this problem can be solved.for millions of years to come 中不定式to come 作定语，与前面的名词有逻辑上的主谓关系。
Eg: She is the last person to tell lies.3．The problem was that the earth became violent because it was not clear whether the solid shape was to last or not.The problem was that …, that 引导表语从句，that 只起连接作用，无意义，但不能省略。
知识点Unit4 Astronomy汇总
知识点Unit4 Astronomy：1. system n.[c] 系统；体系；制度；方法[典例]1). The solar system includes the sun and its eight planets.太阳系包括太阳和它的八颗行星。
2) The housing problems is one of the main problems in our life. So the present system of housing needs to be improved.1). The ______ ______ (教育系统) operates very differently in the US and China.2). He introduced us a well-designed ______ ______ (铁路系统).Keys: 1). educational system / the system of education2). railway system2.circle1).名词n. [C]圆;圆圈;圆形的东西,环状物The students sit in a circle on the floor. 学生们在地板上坐成一圈。
2). There is a circle of flowers around the statue. 塑像周围鲜花环绕。
vt.画圆圈;圈出;围着Circle the correct answersvi.盘旋,旋转;环行Birds were circling overhead. 鸟儿在头顶上盘旋飞翔。
3. as 连词1)"当......时候", She sang a song as she walked.2)"因为"由于",引原状从，与because相近。
I must stop writing, as I have a lot of work to do. As you were out,I left a message.3) "正如"、"按照""像......一样"Run as l do. Leave the paper as they are.4) 随着As she grew older,she gained in confidence.As time goes by,……5) 表"尽管"、"虽然",常用于倒装句式,引让步状从。
【句型讲解】Unit4Astronomy重点句式精讲
【句型讲解】Unit 4 Astronomy重点句式精讲1.It exploded loudly with fire and rock, which were in time to produce the water vapour, carbondioxide, oxygen, nitrogen and other gases, which were to make the earth’s atmosphere.它（地球）巨大的爆炸喷出了烈火与岩石，最终产生了水蒸气、二氧化碳、氧、氮和其他多种气体，从而形成了地球的大气层。
“be+不定式”结构通常用来表示“按计划或安排要做的事情”，或表示上级对下级、父母对子女“下命令”The train is to arrive in Beijing at 10:25 am.这趟火车将于上午10：25到达北京。
You are to eat all your supper before you watch TV.你得吃完晚饭才能看电视。
Here is a message for you from your head teacher; you are to go to her office after class.你的班主任给你一个口信，要你下课后到她的办公室去。
2．That made it possible for life to begin to develop.那使生命的生长发育成为一种可能。
此句中的made后跟带形式宾it的复合结构，其中it是形式宾语，真正宾语是不定式复合结构“for life to begin to develop”.宾语补足语是possible。
She made it her business to find out who was responsible.她非要弄清楚是谁的责任不可。
【提示】常用于此结构的动词还有think, feel, find, consider等。
必修3 Unit4 Astronomy知识点讲解
Book3 Unit4 Astronomy: the science of the stars1 match, suit, fitmatch v.与…相配，和…调和。
指大小，色调，形状，性质等方面的搭配。
eg. The door was painted yellow to match the wall.suit: 指颜色，花样或款式等相配。
This coat doesn’t suit a woman at your age.fit: 指大小，尺寸上很合适。
These shoes fit me well.2 to begin with和to sta rt with以……开始eg.To begin/start with, I couldn’t understand every word.3 violent adj.猛烈的；激烈的；violently adv.猛烈地；激烈地；violence n.猛烈；激烈；暴力；violent attack/ pain/ storm4 explode(1). （使某物）炸开，爆炸A bomb had exploded in the next street.邻街有一枚炸弹爆炸了。
（2）. （指感情）激发Simon exploded with anger.西蒙勃然大怒。
（3）. （指人口）突然或迅速增加The population explodes to 40,000 during the tourist season.旅游旺季的时候人口急剧增加到四万。
explosion n. 爆炸（声）explosive adj.爆炸性的，易爆炸的5 in time: sooner or later; eventually 迟早；最后；终于（1）Firemen reached the house on fire in time.消防队员及时赶到那幢失火的房子。
（2）I’ll see him in time.总有一天我会遇见他。
unit 4Astronomy the science of the stars基础知识
Unit 4 Astronomy ：the science of the stars ——天文学：恒星科学1. exist vi. 存在，生存①Several people believe the Devil exists in the world. 少数人认为世界上存在恶魔。
②She existed only on milk. 她只靠牛奶生存。
③This new country came into existence in 1951. 这个新国家于1951年成立。
④There exists a lake on the top of the mountain. 山顶上有一个湖。
[运用提升]________a certain doubt among the workers as to the necessity of the work.A. It existedB. There existedC. There hadD. It had2. puzzle n. 谜；难题 vt. & vi. (使)迷惑；(使)为难①Their reason for doing it is still a puzzle to me. 他们为什么这样做对我来说仍是个谜。
②I've been sitting here puzzling about what to do. 我一直坐在这里苦苦思索该怎么办。
③Mary read the letter with a puzzled expression on her face. 玛丽读信时面带困惑的表情She managed to ________ the meaning of that long sentence.A ．puzzleB ．figureC ．puzzle outD ．figure to3. pull n. & vt. 拉(力)；拖；牵引力[归纳拓展]pull apart 拆散；拆开 pull away (汽车等)开走 pull down 拆毁；摧毁pull in (车辆)进站停靠；靠边停靠 pull out 驶出；退出 pull through 康复；痊愈 ① They are pulling_down_those_houses to make room for a new hotel.\为了给新旅馆腾地，他们正在拆除那些房屋。
Book3 Unit4Astronomy知识点
Unit 4 Astronomy: the science of the stars Language pointsDesigned by Liu Zhenhai1 .think about 思考考虑2.solar adj. 太阳的阳历lunar adj. 阴历的3. system n.①(c) 制度体制a system of government 政体②（c）办法方式I prefer this system of teaching English.③（u）条理规律His father works with system.④体系系统 a system of law4.circle n. (c)①圆圈环状物The students sit in a circle on the floor.②循环周期 a vicious circle③（天体运行的）轨道Vt. ①画圆圈圈出Circle the correct answer.②环绕。
移动（运转）vi.盘旋环形Birds were circling overhead.5. match n.(c) ①比赛竞赛Our side beat the other in the match.②对手③火柴 strike a match④婚姻⑤相似之物相配之物The chairs and the desk are a good match.Vt.敌得过比得上No one can match Tom.6. astronomy 天文学7. religion n.①（u）宗教宗教信仰②（c）宗教团体1.as 引导状语从句时间状语从句“一边…一边”I read the letter as I walked along the river.方式状语从句Do in Rome as the Romans do.入乡随俗原因状语从句As it rained, I stayed at home.让步状语从句Young as he is, he knows a lot. 部分倒装n/adj/adv/do + as + 其他部分Child as he is, he knows much..Try as we did, we failed again.2.according to 根据…按照…依照…According to the TV, it will be fine tomorrow.I will do it according to your instructions.3.theory n.① (c)学说理论 the theory of evolution 进化论②推测看法My theory is that we will have a cold winter this year。
必修3 Unit 4 Astronomy： the science of the stars
【本讲教育信息】一、教学内容必修3 Unit 4 Astronomy: the science of the stars（一）重点单词（二）重点短语（三）重（难）点句型二、知识精讲（一）重点单词1. system n.[c] 系统；体系；制度systematic adj.He created a new system of teaching foreign languages.他创造了一种新的外语教学体系。
The new system has had a disastrous effect on productivity.新制度对生产率产生了灾难性的影响。
Too much alcohol is bad for the system.过量饮酒对身体有害。
theory n.学说；理论theoretic adj.There are many theories about the origin of life.关于生命起源的学说有很多。
In this way they can better apply theory to practice.这样他们就能更好地把理论运用到实践中去。
Your plan sounds fine in theory it doesn’t work in practice.你的计划在理论上听起来不错，但在实践中无法实施。
2. violent adj. 猛烈的；激烈的；粗暴的violence n.They are launching a violent attack on the enemy.他们对敌人展开了猛烈的进攻。
The class was shocked by his violent language.全班同学对他激烈的言辞感到震惊。
Children should not be allowed to watch violent movies.不应允许儿童看暴力电影。
The young man was charged with robbery with violence.这个年轻人被控暴力抢劫。
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lay the book on the table把书放在桌上
The hens are not laying well．现在那些母鸡不爱下蛋。
【拓展】
lay的相关短语：
lay off(暂时)解雇
lay out展开；布局，安排
lay down放下
lay aside把……放一边
【点拨】presence n．存在；出席，在场
常用结构
in the presence of sb.
＝in sb’spresence当着某人的面；有某人在场
presence of mind危难中镇定自若；遇事不慌
lose one’s presence of mind心慌意乱
Your presence is requested．敬请光临。
那得看情况而定。
(2) depend on=count on=rely on sb.
信任/相信/依赖/依靠
believe sb.相信某人(所说的话)
believe in sb.相信/信任/信赖某人
trust (in) sb.相信/信任/信赖某人
encourage
【原句回放】They multiplied and filled the oceans and seas with oxygen，which encouraged the later development of early shellfish and allsorts of fish．(P26)它们繁殖起来就使得海洋充满了氧气，这为早期的贝类及其他各种鱼类的发育进一步创造了条件。
重点句型：
“be to+动词原形”的用法
it作形式宾语
whether的用法
知识讲解
重点词汇
【高清课堂：403623Astronomy 探秘天文学精讲词汇】
explode
重点例句：
It exploded loudly with fire and rock.
explode (v.)爆炸，爆发
(1) explode with anger
目标认知
重点词汇：
explode，escape，depend，encourage，violent，presence，allow，lay，exist，remain，prevent，force，pull，cheer，exhaust，warn，possible
重点短语：
in one’s turn，in time，a bit of
乘客不得吸烟。
We don’t allow smoking in our house．
我们不允许有人在我们家里吸烟。
Their teacher allowed them three days for the assignment．
他们的老师给他们三天时间完成作业。
lay
【原句回放】They produced young generally by laying eggs．(P26)它们一般是通过孵蛋而繁衍后代的。
【点拨】allow v.允许，许可
doing sth.允许做某事
allow + sb. to do sth.允许某人做某事
allow sb. sth.允许某人某事
My boss doesn’t allow me to use the telephone．
我的老板不允许我使用电话。
Passengers are not allowed to smoke．
escape
重点例句：
They are putting too much carbon dioxide into the atmosphere, which prevent heat from escaping from the earth into space.
escape
(v.)逃跑，逃避(n.)逃脱
be absent from school / work / a meeting不上学/上班/到会
allow
【原句回放】What many scientists believe is that the continued presenceof water allowed the earth to dissolve harmful gases and acids intothe oceans and seas．(P26)很多科学家相信，由于地球上长期有水存在，它使得地球把有害气体和酸性物质溶解在海洋里。
温馨提示
remain不能用于被动结构。
prevent
【原句回放】...which prevents heat from escaping from the earth into space．(P26)……这使得地球上的热不能释放到太空中去。
【点拨】(1)prevent v.阻止，预防
Vitamin C is supposed to prevent colds．
勃然大怒
explode into laughter
放声大笑
the exploding world population
迅速增长的世界人口
(2) explosion
(n.)爆炸
explosive
(adj.)易爆的
(n.)爆炸物；炸药；迸发(感情)；
(人口等)突增
完成句子
(1)Two bombs ________ (爆炸) in front of the park gate，causing two deaths.
我去了城市，可弟弟留在了家里。
In spite of their quarrel，they remained the best of friends．
他们尽管吵过架，却仍不失为最好的朋友．
【拓展】
remains n.剩余物，废墟
remaining adj.剩余的(作前置定语)
the remaining money剩下的钱
【点拨】encourage vt.
鼓励，鼓舞encourage sb.to do sth．鼓励某人做某事
激励，促进High prices encouraged farming．高价格刺激了农业。
【拓展】
encouraging adj.令人鼓舞的
encouragement n.鼓舞，鼓励
courage n.勇气
作为动词，常用于下列结构或短语中：
escape from...从……逃走
escape sth.逃避某事
escape doing sth.(不能接to do形式)逃避做某事
sth. escape sb./sb.’s attention/sb.’s notice
某物没引起某人的注意；某人没记住某物
翻译句子
escape from prison越狱
escape being punished＝escape punishment
逃脱被惩罚，免受惩罚
【原句回放】Why they suddenly disappeared still remains a mystery．(P26)它们为什么会突然灭绝至今仍是个谜。
【点拨】remain link v.保持不变，仍是
常用结构
remain modest and prudent保持谦虚谨慎
I went to the city，but my brother remained at home．
keep sb./sth.from doing sth.
Who prevents their plans(from)being carried out?
谁阻止他们的计划被实施?
(2)escape v.& n.逃脱，避开，溜走；安全出口
escape from...逃离……
escape doing...逃避……
(2)Suddenly Charles _______________________ (勃然大怒)．
(3)There will be no standing room on the earth ________________________________________
(由于激增的世界人口)．
discourage vt.使泄气
discouraging adj.令人泄气的，令人沮丧的
discourage sb.from doing阻止某人做……
violent
【原句回放】The earth became so violent that it was not clear whether the shape would last or not．(P25)地球(开始)变得激烈动荡，不知道这个固体形状是否会继续存在下去。
lay sth.up储备某物
lay sth.on供应某物
易混辨析
注意下列动词的过去式、过去分词及现在分词形式：
动词原形
词义
过去式
过去分词
现在分词
lying
lie
躺，位于
lay
lain
lying
lay
放置，产卵
laid
laid
laying
exist
【原句回放】They laid eggs too and existed on the earth for more than 140 million years．(P26)它们也生蛋，在地球上生存了1.4亿多年。
depend
重点例句：
Whether life will continue on the earth for millions of years to come will depend on whether this problem can be solved.
(v.)依靠，依赖