Business Communication Essentials 商业传意 Ch1
商业信件英语作文
商业信件英语作文Greetings,I am writing to you today to discuss the importance of effective business communication, particularly through the medium of written correspondence. In the fast-paced and ever-evolving world of business, the ability to convey ideas, proposals, and requests clearly and concisely through written communication has become an essential skill for professionals at all levels.The business letter, in particular, remains a cornerstone of professional communication, serving as a formal and structured means of exchanging information, negotiating terms, and building relationships with clients, partners, and stakeholders. Whether you are proposing a new partnership, requesting a change in contract terms, or simply following up on a previous discussion, the business letter allows you to present your message in a clear and organized manner, while also maintaining a level of professionalism and attention to detail that can be crucial in the business world.One of the key advantages of the business letter is its ability to create a lasting record of communication. Unlike the fleeting nature of a phone call or a casual email, a well-crafted business letter can serve as a tangible document that can be referenced and revisited as needed. This can be particularly important in situations where a clear paper trail is required, such as in legal or financial matters, or when seeking to document an important agreement or decision.Moreover, the business letter provides an opportunity to showcase your writing skills and attention to detail, which can be a valuable asset in building trust and credibility with your recipients. A well-written letter that is free of spelling and grammatical errors, and that is structured in a logical and professional manner, can convey a sense of competence and care that can be instrumental in establishing and maintaining successful business relationships.Of course, crafting an effective business letter is not without its challenges. It requires a keen understanding of the appropriate tone, language, and formatting conventions that are expected in a professional setting. Additionally, the specific content and structure of the letter may need to be tailored to the unique needs and preferences of the recipient, as well as the specific context of the communication.One key aspect of effective business letter writing is the ability toclearly and concisely convey the purpose of the letter. Whether you are making a request, offering a proposal, or providing an update, it is essential that the recipient can quickly and easily understand the key points of your message. This may involve the use of clear and direct language, as well as the strategic placement of important information within the letter.Another important consideration is the overall structure and organization of the letter. A well-structured business letter typically follows a standard format, with a clear introduction, body, and conclusion. Within each of these sections, it is important to ensure that the information is presented in a logical and coherent manner, with transitions and signposting that help to guide the reader through the letter.In addition to the overall structure, the language and tone of the business letter are also crucial. While the tone should generally be formal and professional, it is important to strike a balance between being authoritative and being overly rigid or impersonal. The use of polite and courteous language, as well as the incorporation of personalized touches, can help to build a sense of rapport and goodwill with the recipient.Finally, attention to detail is paramount in the world of business correspondence. From ensuring that the recipient's name andaddress are correct, to proofreading the letter for any errors or inconsistencies, the successful business letter writer must be meticulous in their approach. Even the smallest of mistakes can undermine the professionalism and credibility of the communication, potentially damaging the relationship with the recipient.In conclusion, the business letter remains a vital tool in the world of professional communication. By mastering the art of effective business letter writing, individuals and organizations can enhance their ability to convey important information, negotiate terms, and build lasting relationships with clients, partners, and stakeholders. Whether you are a seasoned business professional or are just starting out in your career, the skills and strategies outlined here can be invaluable in helping you to communicate with clarity, confidence, and impact.。
商业信涵英语作文
商业信涵英语作文Business communication is a crucial aspect of any successful enterprise. It encompasses the exchange of information, ideas, and strategies among various stakeholders, including employees, managers, customers, and partners. Effective business communication is essential for maintaining strong relationships, achieving organizational goals, and navigating the complexities of the modern business landscape.One of the primary objectives of business communication is to convey information clearly and concisely. This can be achieved through a variety of channels, such as written correspondence, verbal presentations, and digital platforms. Whether it's a formal report, a marketing pitch, or a casual email, the ability to communicate effectively can make the difference between success and failure.In the realm of written communication, the use of proper grammar, punctuation, and formatting is paramount. A well-crafted document not only conveys the intended message but also reflects the professionalism and attention to detail of the organization.Additionally, the ability to tailor the tone and style of written communication to the specific audience can enhance the impact and resonance of the message.Verbal communication is another critical component of business communication. This includes face-to-face interactions, phone conversations, and virtual meetings. Effective verbal communication requires active listening, clear articulation, and the ability to adapt to the needs and preferences of the audience. Strong public speaking skills, the ability to engage the audience, and the capacity to handle questions and objections are all essential for successful verbal communication in a business setting.In the digital age, business communication has evolved to incorporate a range of technological tools and platforms. Email, instant messaging, video conferencing, and social media have all become integral parts of the modern business communication landscape. Mastering the use of these digital tools and understanding the etiquette and best practices associated with them is crucial for maintaining efficient and professional communication.Beyond the technical aspects of communication, the ability to navigate the interpersonal dynamics of a business environment is equally important. Effective business communication requires emotional intelligence, the capacity to understand and manage one'sown emotions as well as those of others. This includes the ability to empathize, resolve conflicts, and build strong working relationships.The importance of business communication extends beyond the immediate exchange of information. Effective communication can also play a crucial role in shaping the overall culture and reputation of an organization. A company that consistently communicates with clarity, transparency, and authenticity is more likely to foster a positive work environment, build trust with its stakeholders, and maintain a strong brand image.In today's highly competitive business landscape, the ability to communicate effectively can be a significant competitive advantage. Companies that invest in developing their employees' communication skills, whether through training programs, mentorship initiatives, or the adoption of communication best practices, are more likely to thrive and succeed in the long run.In conclusion, business communication is a multifaceted and dynamic field that requires a combination of technical skills, interpersonal abilities, and strategic thinking. By mastering the art of effective communication, organizations can strengthen their internal operations, enhance their external relationships, and position themselves for sustained success in the ever-evolving business world.。
商务交流Business Communication Essentials UNIT 1
The sender transmits the message
• Choice of communication channel verbal or non-verbal spoken or written
• • • • • • Germany Scandinavian U.S.A. English French Italian
High Context
Japan Chinese Arab Greek Mexican Spanish
Questions
• Turn to page 61 • Answer questions 4, 7 & 8
Questions
• Turn to Page 12 • Answers questions 1,2 & 6 in your books
Ethical Communication
• Ethics are the rules and principles that govern the actions of a person, group, society or country • Ethical communication requires the message to contain all the relevant information, be true and not deceptive in any sense
Business Communication Essentials
Unit 1
Business Communication EssentialsChap08
CHAPTER 8:WRITING BAD-NEWS MESSAGESCHAPTER SUMMARYChapter 8 focuses on writing effective bad-news messages by applying the three-step writing process introduced in Chapters 3, 4, and 5. Although communicating bad news is not always easy, using the proper tone and approach can help create an effective message that people will accept and understand. The chapter provides guidance in creating an audience-centered tone and assessing the use of direct or indirect organization. Students learn about composing effective buffers, explaining reasons , wording refusals, and building goodwill. Examples and suggestions are provided for writing negative answers to routine requests, negative organizational news, and negative employment news.TRANSPARENCIES FOR CHAPTER 8The following transparencies are available in a separate packet:Number ContentTransparency 72 Indirect ApproachTransparency 73 Activity 8.1 (improved letter)Transparency 74 Activity 8.2 (improved letter)Transparency 75 Case 1: Above-average solutionTransparency 76 Case 1: Below-average solutionTransparency 77 Case 2: Above-average solutionTransparency 78 Case 2: Below-average solutionTransparency 79 Case 3: Above-average solutionTransparency 80 Case 3: Below-average solutionTransparency 81 Case 4: Above-average solution (page 1)Transparency 81a Case 4: Above-average solution (page 2)Transparency 82 Case 4: Below-average solutionTransparency 83 Case 5: Above-average solution (page 1)Transparency 84 Case 5: Above-average solution (page 2)Transparency 85 Case 5: Below-average solutionTransparency 86 Case 6: Above-average solution (page 1)Transparency 87 Case 6: Above-average solution (page 2)Transparency 88 Case 6: Below-average solutionTransparency 89 Case 7: Above-average solutionTransparency 90 Case 7: Below-average solutionTransparency 91 Case 8: Above-average solutionTransparency 92 Case 8: Below-average solutionTransparency 93 Case 9: Above-average solutionTransparency 94 Case 9: Below-average solution2118: Writing Bad-News Messages212CHAPTER OUTLINEUsing the Three-Step Writing Process for Bad-News MessagesStep 1: Planning Your Bad-News MessagesStep 2: Writing Your Bad-News MessagesStep 3: Completing Your Bad-News MessagesStrategies for Bad-News MessagesCreating an Audience-Centered ToneUsing the Direct ApproachUsing the Indirect ApproachBegin with a BufferFollow with ReasonsState the Bad NewsEnd with a Positive CloseTypes of Bad-News MessagesSending Negative Answers to Routine RequestsRefusing Requests for InformationRefusing Invitations and Requests for FavorsHandling Bad News About OrdersRefusing Claims and Requests for AdjustmentSending Negative Organizational NewsBad News About ProductsBad News About Company OperationsSending Negative Employment MessagesRefusing Requests for Recommendations and ReferencesRejecting Job ApplicationsGiving Negative Performance ReviewsReviewing Key PointsTEACHING NOTESThe word no is hard to say and hard to hear.The most dangerous ne gative news is the news you don‘t explain, so you must be careful when delivering bad news.Using the Three-Step Process for Bad-News MessagesApply the three-step writing process to produce effective routine messages.Step 1: PlanningStep 2: WritingStep 3: CompletingWhen your message is negative, analysis is extremely important:Be sure that your purpose is specific so that you can word it in the best way.Be sure that your bad news should be sent at all and that it should be in writing.Be sure you have assessed how your audience will receive your message.8: Writing Bad-News Messages 213 Your investigation must yield reliable results:Facts should support your decision.Include enough facts to give your audience what it needs.Include the right facts to avoid follow-up questions from readers.Careful attention to adaptation can help you avoid alienating your readers: Focus on maintaining a good relationship with your audience.Adapt your medium and tone to your audience.When sending a bad-news message, you want toDefine your main ideaCover relevant points thoroughly and logicallyChoose between the direct and indirect approachesChoose words, create sentences, and construct paragraphs carefullyBecause bad-news messages require such care, revision is just as important as the first two steps. Revision helps you make sure thatYour messages are well organizedYou‘ve said what you intended to sayYou‘ve communicated your message concisely and clearlyStrategies for Bad-News MessagesWhatever your bad news is, you need to make your readers feel thatThey‘ve been taken seriouslyYour news is fair and reasonableWhen delivering negative news, you have five main goals:To convey the bad newsTo gain acceptance for itTo maintain as much of your audience‘s goodwill as possibleTo maintain a good image for your organizationTo reduce or eliminate the need for future correspondence on the matterTo accomplish so many goals in a single message, you need toAdopt an audience-centered toneMeet your audience‘s needs and expectations by choosing the direct or the indirect approachAn audience-centered tone helps readersAccept your bad news as a firm decisionUnderstand that your decision is fair and reasonableRemain well disposed toward your businessPreserve their prideCreate an audience-centered tone byUsing the ―you‖ attitudeChoosing positive wordsUsing respectful language8: Writing Bad-News Messages214Use the direct approach in bad-news messagesWhen you know your audience prefers the bad news firstWhen the situation is minor and the news will cause little pain or disappointment When you want to present an image of firmness and strengthWhen using the direct approach, a bad-news messageOpens with a clear statement of the bad newsProceeds to the reasons for the negative decisionCloses with a positive statement aimed at maintaining a good relationshipEven when using the direct approach in bad-news messages, you need to Use a tactful toneFocus on reasonsThe indirect approach eases your audience into your message by explaining your reasons before delivering the bad news.When using the indirect approach, a bad-news messageOpens with a bufferContinues with a logical and neutral explanation of reasons for the bad newsFollows with a clear but diplomatic statement of the bad newsCloses with a positive, forward-looking statement that is helpful and friendlyA buffer is a neutral, noncontroversial statement that is closely related to the point of the message.Although some critics believe that buffers are manipulative, dishonest, and unethical, the fact is thatBuffers are unethical only if they‘re insincereBreaking bad news with kindness and courtesy is the human wayConsideration for the feelings of others is never dishonestA good bufferExpresses your appreciation for being thought ofAssures the reader of your attention to the requestCompliments the readerIndicates your understanding of the reader‘s needsA good bufferNever insults an audience with insincere flattery or self-promoting blatherSets the stage for the bad news that followsIs sincere and relevant, thus ensuring that readers won‘t feel set up or ―snowed‖To write a good buffer, base it on statements made by the person you‘re writing to (which shows that you have listened well).When writing your buffer, avoidGiving the impression that good news will followSaying no8: Writing Bad-News Messages 215 Using a know-it-all toneWriting wordy and irrelevant phrases and sentencesApologizingMaking your buffer too longOnce you‘ve written your buffer, evaluate it by asking four questions: Is it pleasant?Is it relevant?Is it neutral (saying neither yes nor no)?Does it provide a smooth transition to the reasons that follow?When giving your reasons for the bad news,Cover the more positive points first before moving to the less positive onesProvide enough detail for your audience to understand your reasonsBe conciseBy presenting your reasons effectively, you should convince your audience that your negative decision is justified, fair, and logical.To be tactful when giving the reasons for your bad news:Highlight how your negative decision benefits your reader (not you)Use facts and figures to convince readers that you‘re acting in their best interests Avoid hiding behind company policyAvoid apologizing (unless your company‘s mistake is severe or terribly wr ong) Do not include reasons in your bad-news messageWhen they involve confidential informationWhen they involve excessively complicated informationWhen they involve purely negative informationWhen they benefit only you or your firmTo state bad news clearly and kindly, use three techniques:De-emphasize the bad news.Use a conditional (if or when) statement to imply that readers might someday receive a favorable answer.Say what you did, can, or will do (not what you didn‘t, can‘t, or won‘t do).De-emphasize bad news byMinimizing the space or time devoted to itSubordinating it in a complex or compound sentenceEmbedding it in the middle of a paragraph or using parenthetical expressions Even when implying the bad news, be sure your audience understands that it is indeed negative.To make your close upbeat, you mightPropose an attainable solution to your audience‘s problemInclude off-subject resale material or sales promotionTell readers what to do next, when to do it, and how to do it with ease8: Writing Bad-News Messages216To write an effective close, follow these guidelines:Keep it positive.Limit future correspondence.Be optimistic about the future.Be sincere.Be confident.Types of Bad-News MessagesMany of the negative messages that you‘ll be writing fall into thr ee categories: Sending negative answers to routine requestsSending negative organizational newsSending negative employment messagesWhen refusing requests for information, you can choose either the direct or the indirect approach, depending on how emotionally involved your audience is.When refusing invitations and requests for favors, you can choose the direct or the indirect approach, depending on your relationship with the reader.For bad news about orders, help readers feel good about continuing to do business with you byWorking toward an eventual sale along the lines of the original orderKeeping instructions or additional information as clear as possibleMaintaining an optimistic, confident tone so that your reader won‘t lose interestWhen sending part of an order, you canUse the good news (that part of the shipment is coming) as a buffer for the bad news (that part of the shipment is on back order)Give the reasons for the delay of the remainder of the shipmentEncourage a favorable attitude toward the transaction with a strong closeWhen refusing claims and requests for adjustment, the indirect approach is often best.When refusing claims, youAvoid accepting responsibility for the situation but do not blame the customer Pay special attention to being tactful and courteousAvoid language that might have a negative impact on the readerDemonstrate that you have understood and considered the complaintResist the temptation toward name-calling and accusationsDefamation is a false statement tha t damages someone‘s character or reputation: Written defamation is called libel.Spoken defamation is called slander.Someone suing for defamation must prove thatThe statement is falseThe language is injurious to the person‘s reputationThe statement has been published8: Writing Bad-News Messages 217 To avoid being accused of defamation, follow these guidelines:Avoid abusive language.If you must express your own personal opinions, avoid involving your company: use your own stationery and don‘t include your job title or position.Provide accurate information and stick to the facts.Never let anger or malice motivate your messages.Consult the legal department on any message that could have legal consequences.Communicate honestly, saying what you believe to be true.When sending ba d news about products, discover the readers‘ likely emotional reaction to your message so that you‘ll know better how to write it.Bad news about company operations may be required in at least three situations:A change in company policy that will have a negative effect on the readerProblems with company performanceControversial or unpopular company operationsWhen communicating bad news about company operations, do the following: If an apology is in order, make it brief and bury it in the middle of your message.Carefully and clearly explain the reasons behind the bad news.If possible, explain how a change will benefit the audience.Break the news to stakeholders before they hear it from someone else.Present the bad news in as favorable a light as possible.In certain situations, present the bad news as an opportunity for future options. To send negative employment messages that are effective,Use the direct approach when communicating with businesses and job applicants Use the indirect approach when giving negative performance reviewsWhen refusing requests for recommendation letters,Be brief and direct when communicating with a prospective employerBe diplomatic and tactful when communicating with a job applicantWhen delivering bad news to job applicants,Open with the direct approachClearly state why the applicant was not selectedClose by suggesting alternativesThe main goals of a performance review are to improve employee performance by Emphasizing and clarifying job requirementsGiving employees feedback on their efforts toward fulfilling requirementsDeveloping a plan of action for continued efforts (carefully including both rewards and opportunities)When giving a negative performance review, remember these guidelines: Confront the problem right away.Plan your message.Deliver the message in private.Focus on the problem.Ask for a commitment from the employee.8: Writing Bad-News Messages218OVERCOMING DIFFICULTIES STUDENTS OFTEN FACEPost the three-step process in a prominent position to remind students that they should complete all three steps for effective bad-news messages.Students often have difficulty saying no. Many will lack real business experience in conveying bad news. Thus, they may not want to take a stand and may skirt an issue rather than give official bad news. Emphasize that giving bad news on the job will be necessary from time to time. Business writers need to present specific bad news in a manner that reflects a firm decision while maintaining the reader‘s goodwill.Students may question the ethics of using an indirect approach for bad-news messages. During class, emphasize that using the indirect approach is ethical, as long as the bad news is not hidden. Remind students that the indirect approach allows the writer to gently lead the audience into the bad news only after a logical explanation of the situation has been given.Buffers are often challenging even to experienced writers. Many students will struggle with both the concept and the application of buffers in bad-news message. First attempts will often generate a short phrase of explanation followed by the bad news, resulting in no buffer at all. Provide plenty of exercises in which students write buffers for various situations. During in-class writing, suggest that students leave some space for a buffer if they can‘t think of a logical one right away. Encourage them to compose some of the details or explanation and then go back to add an effective buffer.Once a buffer is presented, some students will immediately proceed to the bad news at the beginning of the next paragraph. Encourage them to provide sufficient reasons. Explain that the reader needs enough information to perceive the writer (and the company) as fair and reasonable. The reader must see that the writer is aware (and con siderate) of the reader‘s needs, concerns, and feelings. Encourage students to walk in the reader‘s shoes to assess what details and explanation should be included.Hiding behind company policy will be a big temptation for some writers. Conduct a class discussion about the problems of doing so. Ask students to think about how they personally react when someone cites policy as a reason for saying no. Point out that most readers react to blanket statements about company policy in the same way.Beginning writers often include more negative words than are necessary in a bad-news letter. Remind students to state things in a positive way. Be sure to call attention to Table 8.1 to review positive and negative tone.Once the reasons are explained, students face the challenge of presenting the actual bad news. Discuss handling the bad news by de-emphasizing it visually and grammatically, using a conditional statement (if appropriate), and saying what you did or can do rather than what you didn‘t or can‘t do. Aga in remind students to use as few negative words as possible. Refer them to the numerous examples in the chapter. Also caution them against using a rude or condescending tone, and provide various examples of each.8: Writing Bad-News Messages 219 Closing paragraphs also present challenges to writers. First efforts often repeat the bad news. Some writers simply save the bad news for the last paragraph. Remind students of the most emphatic portions of a message. Explain that if a writer wants to maintain the reader‘s goodwill, the closing m ust be positive, optimistic about the future, and sincere. Provide examples of situations in which including resale information in the closing paragraph would and would not be appropriate.In an effort to be courteous, students will often include a statement inviting the reader to call or write with additional questions. Discourage this type of phrasing. Remind students that the writer wants to limit future correspondence and wants the audience to view the decision as final.SUGGESTED CLASSROOM EXERCISES1.Learning how businesspersons convey bad-news messages. Invite someone fromthe business community (or a school administrator) to visit the class and share how he or she handles bad-news messages to customers, vendors, the generalpublic, and employees. This person will provide numerous real-world examples for the students, and the talk should encourage some lively discussion of bad-news messages, including whether to use a direct or an indirect approach andhow to achieve an audience-centered tone.paring the direct versus indirect plan. Lead a discussion of how people reactto bad news. Build one list of examples of bad news situations that would call for the direct plan. Then build another list of examples of situations that would call for the indirect plan.3.Analyzing messages. Provide students with examples of bad-news messages thatshould be but are not organized using the indirect approach. Have studentscritique the examples and then rewrite these messages so that they follow anindirect approach. Provide your own examples from letters you have collected or use the Analyze This Document messages in the Activities section at the end of the chapter.4.Writing effective buffers. Conduct a discussion related to writing effectivebuffers. Assign an exercise in which students write just the buffer for variousbad-news messages. Provide your own scenarios or assign exercises in theExercises for Perfecting Your Writing at the end of the chapter. Project answers in class, providing two or more reasonable buffers for each situation.5.Writing effective closing paragraphs. Conduct a discussion related to writingeffective ending paragraphs in bad-news messages. Assign an exercise in which students write just the last paragraphs for various bad-news messages. Thisallows students to focus on writing closings that are positive, final, optimistic, sincere, and confident.6.Writing bad-news message. As class exercises, assign case scenarios in whichstudents plan, write, and complete a variety of bad-news messages. Students8: Writing Bad-News Messages220should work at computers (if available) to facilitate writing, rewriting, andediting. Direct students to complete the planning tasks before composing. This can be a whole-class activity or an individual one. Students should analyze,investigate, and adapt before writing. While students are organizing andcomposing, move around the room and provide individual constructivecomments about organizational pattern, buffers, depth of explanation, tone, and so forth. When students are finished, project both a below-average solution and an above-average solution for the case. Lead a discussion that identifies thestrengths and weaknesses of each.7.Providing constructive feedback to classmates. During a class discussion,generate a list of evaluation points that can be used to provide a writer feedback about bad-news messages. Ask students to exchange printed documents ofmessages they have written. Each student should critique the message for allevaluation points on the list and give the writer feedback. Encourage students to provide constructive feedback where improvements can be made and to make positive comments about the strengths of the message.TEST YOUR KNOWLEDGE (p. 216)1.The five main goals in delivering bad news are to (1) convey the bad news, (2)gain acceptance for it, (3) maintain as much goodwill as possible, (4) maintain a good image for your organization, and (5) reduce or eliminate the need for future correspondence.2.You should adapt your medium and your tone to the audience‘s needs andpreferences in order to maintain a good relationship and to avoid alienating your readers.ing the direct approach has the advantage of making the message shorter. Italso helps the audience get to the main idea more quickly. The direct approach makes sense when the audience is known to prefer reading the bad news first and when readers are unlikely to react very negatively to the bad news.4.When organizing a bad-news message using the indirect approach, open with abuffer and then continue with a logical and neutral explanation of the reasonsbehind the bad news. Next, offer a clear but diplomatic statement of the bad news.Finally, close with a positive forward-looking statement that is helpful andfriendly.5. A buffer is a neutral, noncontroversial statement that is closely related to thepoint of the message. Some critics believe that buffers are unethical and see them as being manipulative and dishonest; however, buffers that are sincere are neither manipulative nor dishonest and are perfectly ethical.6.When using an indirect approach to announce a negative decision, presentingyour reasons before explaining the decision is one way to convince the audience that your decision is justified, fair, and logical.7.Three techniques for de-emphasizing bad news are (1) minimizing the space ortime devoted to the bad news, (2) subordinating the bad news, and (3) embedding the bad news in the middle of a paragraph or in parentheses.8.Defamation is a false statement that tends to damage someone's character orreputation. Libel is written defamation, and slander is spoken defamation.9.Three guidelines for writing rejection letters to job applicants are (1) open withthe direct approach, (2) clearly state why the applicant was not selected, and (3) close by suggesting alternatives.10.When giving a negative review to an employee, follow these five steps: (1)confront the problem right away, (2) plan your message, (3) convey the message in private, (4) focus on the problem without attacking the person, and (5) ask the employee to make a commitment to improve.APPLY YOUR KNOWLEDGE (p. 217)1.The last thing your audience will remember is the close of your letter. A positiveclose can help create an upswing from a potentially damaging situation. No one likes bad news, and your upbeat close can overcome lingering feelings that could interfere in future business relationships.2.Because employees may be able to help customers understand the new policy,it‘s best to inform employees first. Also, explaining the reasons behind thecompany‘s action will diffuse any mistrust employees might feel if they believe information is being withheld. Moreover, companies can reach their customers through regular monthly statements or with a special mailing while training employees to carry out the new procedures.3.Suggesting an alternative to readers is often a good idea if the suggestion isgenuinely useful. Offering constructive advice encourages readers to think of you in a positive way.4.When conveying bad news about a company, state the problem honestly andcompletely at the outset. Such honesty helps build trust in your organization. If you try to minimize the bad news by leaking it out a little at a time, you‘re likely to be one step behind newspaper accounts, which damages your credibility. You are better off explaining your version of the problem (and what you‘re doing about it) before people form negative impressions.5.The two are not the same. When you de-emphasize the bad news your intentionsare kind, not manipulative. You still present the facts and deliver the bad news.But you try to get readers to focus on the positive, or you help them becomemore willing to understand the reasons for the bad news. On the other hand,distorting graphs and charts is an attempt to hide the bad news altogether ormanipulate the audience‘s perception of reality. Rather than trying to be kind, you‘re being evasive or deceptive.PRACTICE YOUR KNOWLEDGE (p. 218)Exercises for Perfecting Your Writing1.Even though unused tickets are nonrefundable, your ticket is still valid and maybe used to travel to the same destination within one year from the original ticket date.2.After a thorough search, we were able to find a supplier that can provide youwith a decorative package similar to your request. Although this packaging does not meet all of your specifications, we can have it to you in time for your event.3.Because these fixtures are guaranteed for a maximum voltage of 75 watts, we areunable to honor your claim. We will be happy to repair it for you.4.Yes, you should use a buffer because this loss of business is significant to therestaurant. Perhaps you have a good reason for canceling the banquet; then the buffer will guide the reader to your reasons before announcing the bad news.5.Your invitation to sp eak at this year‘s annual fund-raising event is a personalhonor, so a short buffer is appropriate: ―Thank-you for thinking of me . . .‖6.―In today‘s global marketplace, extensive foreign language skills like yours are inconsiderable demand.‖7.Direct. Although, if you have anything to do with the reason the client is leaving,then you may want to use a buffer.8.If it‘s not a special order, then direct is fine.9.Indirect. Give reasons first.Activities (p. 219)8.1 Among the barriers to communication contained in this letter are the following:1. Although the letter starts and ends on a positive note, the charges areintroduced in a negative manner (―Unfortunately . . .‖).2. The pertinent information is scattered throughout the letter rather thanappearing in a list.3. The third paragraph starts with a vague sentence (―all the arrangements willbe the same‖), which leaves room for disagreement.4. The ―charge‖ for the tubs of ice with soft drinks is not specified in the letter.5. The ―small charge‖ for c lean-up could quickly amount to $300 or more, butthe writer does not specify what is and is not included in the clean-up.6. The letter includes neither specific information about dates nor a call-backnumber.。
Business-Communication-Essentials-商业传意-Ch10
Electronic Databases
Chapter 10 - 18
Find Information Online
•Searching •Monitoring
Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
Purpose Credibility
Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
Methodology Verification Completeness Logical Scrutiny
Chapter 10 - 13
Use Research Results
Avoid Plagiarism
Organize Information
•Direct •Indirect
Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
Chapter 10 - 7
Summary of Discussion
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Chapter 10 - 11
Data and Information
Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
Secondary Research
Primary Research
Chapter 10 - 12
Evaluating Sources
Reputation Potential Bias
Chapter 10 - 3
Analyze the Situation
Business Communication EssentialsChap13
CHAPTER 13:SEARCHING FOR EMPLOYMENT AND PREPARING EMPLOYMENT MESSAGES CHAPTER SUMMARYThis chapter addresses searching for employment and sending employment messages. Readers are first introduced to concepts of understanding and adapting to the changing workplace, as well as how to research companies, make contacts, and find career counseling. The chapter discusses how to prepare effective résumés, using the three-step writing process. Readers learn about different organizational patterns including chronological, functional, and combination résumés. Effective résumécontent sections are also discussed. Both traditional and scannable résumés are addressed. The chapter also discusses preparing other employment messages, including application letters, job-inquiry letters, and application follow-ups. TRANSPARENCIES FOR CHAPTER 13The following transparencies are available in a separate packet:Number ContentTransparency 178 Organizing résumésTransparency 179 Résumé componentsTransparency 180 Activity 13.1 (improved résumé)Transparency 181 Activity 13.2 (improved letter)Transparency 182 Activity 13.3 (improved letter)Transparency 183 Case 1a: Above-average solutionTransparency 184 Case 1a: Below-average solutionTransparency 185 Case 1b: Above-average solution (page 1)Transparency 186 Case 1b: Above-average solution (page 2)Transparency 187 Case 1b: Below-average solution (page 1)Transparency 188 Case 1b: Below-average solution (page 2)Transparency 189 Case 1c: Above-average solutionTransparency 190 Case 1c: Below-average solutionTransparency 191 Case 1d: Above-average solutionTransparency 192 Case 1d: Below-average solutionTransparency 193 Case 2: Above-average solution (page 1)Transparency 194 Case 2: Above-average solution (page 2)Transparency 195 Case 2: Below-average solution (page 1)Transparency 196 Case 2: Below-average solution (page 2)Transparency 197 Case 3: Above-average solutionTransparency 198 Case 3: Below-average solutionTransparency 199 Case 4a: Above-average solutionTransparency 200 Case 4a: Below-average solution39613: Searching For Employment and Preparing Employment Messages 397 Transparency 201 Case 4b: Above-average solution (page 1)Transparency 202 Case 4b: Above-average solution (page 2)Transparency 203 Case 4b: Below-average solutionTransparency 204 Case 5: Above-average solutionTransparency 205 Case 5: Below-average solutionCHAPTER OUTLINEBuilding Toward a CareerUnderstanding Today‘s Changing WorkplaceAdapting to the Changing WorkplaceLearn What You Have to OfferDecide What You Want to DoMake Yourself More Valuable to EmployersSeeking Employment in the Changing WorkplacePreparing RésumésPlanning Your RésuméWriting Your RésuméOrganize Your Résumé Around Your StrengthsThe Chronological RésuméThe Functional RésuméThe Combination RésuméCompose Your Résumé to ImpressName and AddressCareer Objective or Summary of QualificationsEducationWork Experience, Skills, and AccomplishmentsActivities and AchievementsPersonal DataAvoid Résumé DeceptionCompleting Your RésuméRevise Your RésuméProduce Your Traditional RésuméConvert Your Traditional Résumé to a Scannable FormatPreparing Your Résumé in ASCII FormatImproving the Look of Your Scannable RésuméProviding a List of KeywordsBalancing Common Language with Current JargonSubmitting Your Scannable RésuméBuild an Online RésuméProofread Your RésuméPreparing Other Types of Employment MessagesApplication LettersGetting AttentionBuilding Interest and Increasing DesireMotivating ActionAdapting Style and Approach to Culture13: Searching For Employment and Preparing Employment Messages398Job-Inquiry LettersApplication Follow-upsReviewing Key PointsTEACHING NOTESBuilding Toward a CareerThe workplace is experiencing many changes, thereforeEmployers hire more temporary workers and consultantsEmployees are more willing to move from company to companyMore jobs are with small businesses than with large companiesSelf-employment is an increasingly attractive optionEmployers are looking for people whoAre able and willing to adapt to diverse situationsContinue to learn throughout their careersAre team players with strong work recordsHave diversified skills and varied job experienceAre sensitive to intercultural differences (and have perhaps studied abroad)To prepare for a job search, you need to analyze what you have to offer: AchievementsSpecific skillsEducational preparationWork experienceExtracurricular activitiesPersonal characteristicsTo help determine your interests, aptitudes, and personality traits, consult your college placement office.To discover what sort of job you‘d like, ask yourself the following:What would you like to do every day?How would you like to work?What specific compensation do you expect?Can you establish some general career goals?What size company would you prefer?What type of operation is appealing to you?What location would you like?What facilities do you envision?What sort of corporate culture are you most comfortable with?To make yourself more desirable to potential employers, try toKeep an employment portfolioTake interim assignments13: Searching For Employment and Preparing Employment Messages 399 Work on polishing and updating your skillsContinue learning, growing, and preparing even after you‘ve been hiredHow to approach the employment process:Gather as much information as you can, narrowing it as you go along.Stay abreast of business and financial news.Research specific companies.Use the Internet to learn about potential employers, look for job openings, and respond to job openings.Network.Find career counseling.Preparing RésumésPlanning your résumé includesAnalyzing your purpose and audienceInvestigating pertinent informationAdapting your résumé to your audienceYour résumé isA structured, written summary of your education, your employmentbackground, and your job qualificationsA form of advertisingIntended to get you an interview with prospective employersYour purpose in writing a résumé is to create interest and land an interview, not totell readers everything about you.Try to learn something about the specific persons who will see your application and résumé so that you can tailor your résumé to your audience‘s needs.Before preparing your résumé, gather every scrap of information you might possibly need.To adapt your résumé to your audience, youAdopt a ―you‖ attitudeCustomize your résumé for different situations and different employersCombine your experiences into a straightforward message that communicates what you can do for your potential employer.Successful résumés convey seven qualities that employers seek, showing that you Think in terms of resultsKnow how to get things doneAre well roundedShow signs of progressHave personal standards of excellenceAre flexible and willing to try new thingsPossess strong communication skills13: Searching For Employment and Preparing Employment Messages400Organize your résumé around your strengths by calling attention to your best features and downplaying your weaknesses—without distorting or misrepresenting the facts. Focus attention on your strongest points by adopting an organizational approach: ChronologicalFunctionalCombinationA chronological résumé emphasizes your work experience, placing that section in the most prominent position (immediately after the name and address and the objective): List your jobs sequentially in reverse order, beginning with the most recent position and working backward toward earlier jobs.For each listing, describe your responsibilities and accomplishments.If you are a recent graduate, you can vary this approach by putting your educational qualifications before your experience.The chronological approach has three key advantages:Employers are familiar with it and can easily find information.This approach highlights growth and career progression.This approach highlights employment continuity and stability.The chronological approach is especially appropriate for candidates with a strong employment history who are aiming for a job that builds on their current career path. The functional résumé emphasizes a list of skills and accomplishments, identifying employers and academic experience in subordinate sections:List your skills and accomplishments in the most prominent position.Stress individual areas of competence.The functional approach has three advantages:Employers are able to see what you can do for them, without having to read through every job description.You can emphasize earlier job experience.You can de-emphasize any lack of career progress or lengthy unemployment.The functional approach is most appropriate for candidates just entering the job market, who want to redirect their careers or have little continuous career-related experience.The combination résumé includes the best features of the chronological and functional approaches, but it is not commonly used:It tends to be longer.It can be repetitious if you have to list your accomplishments and skills both in the functional section and in the chronological job descriptions.To compose an impressive résumé, try toState your information as forcefully as possibleUse short, crisp phrases instead of whole sentencesAvoid using the word IStart your phrases with impressive action verbs13: Searching For Employment and Preparing Employment Messages 401 Begin your résumé by identifying yourself and providing your contact information: Include your name, address, phone number, and e-mail address (if you have one).If you have contact information at school and at home, provide both.If you have a work phone and a home phone, list both and indicate which is which.Stating a career objective is optional:Some experts advise against it, saying that your objective is obvious from your qualifications and that a stated objective labels you as being interested inonly one thing.Some experts argue for it, saying that employers will try to categorize you anyway, so you might as well give them the right label.If you choose to state your objective, make it as specific as possible.If you have different types of qualifications, prepare separate résumés with different objectives.If your immediate objective differs from your ultimate one, combine the two in one statement.Instead of stating your career objective, you might use a brief summary of qualifications that highlights your strongest points.In the education section, present your academic background in depth: Use a simple heading such as ―Education‖ or ―Academic Preparation.‖List the name and location of each school attended (with the most recent first).Include the term of your enrollment (in months and years) for each entry.Include an expected date of completion in parentheses if you are working on an uncompleted degree.List your major and minor fields of study for each entry.Include significant skills and abilities you‘ve developed in your course work.List the degrees or certificates you‘ve earned at each school.List the courses that have directly equippe d you for the job you‘re seeking.Indicate any scholarships, awards, and academic honors you‘ve received.Include any off-campus training sponsored by business or government.List any relevant seminars or workshops attended (and any certificates received).Mention high school or military training only if pertinent to your career goals.If you choose to show a grade-point average, include the scale (especially if a 5-point scale is used instead of a 4-point scale).In the work experience section, highlight the relationship between your previous responsibilities and your target field:List your jobs in chronological order (with the current or last one first).Include any part-time, summer, or intern positions, even if unrelated to your career objective.If you have worked your way through school, say so.Include the name and location of each employer.Briefly describe what each organization does.State your functional title for each job.State how long you worked on each job (from month/year to month/year).Devote the most space to the jobs that are related to your target position.13: Searching For Employment and Preparing Employment Messages402Mention any significant achievements on the job (including facts about your skills and accomplishments).You might include a section describing other aspects of your background that pertain to your career objective:Command of another languageTravel experienceSkills in operating computers, specific software, or other specialized equipmentYou may insert information on your résumé about additional available materials: You might want to say that work samples are available upon request.You may say that ―references are available upon request,‖ but you don‘t have to. In a section titled ―Activities and Achievements,‖ you mightList volunteer work such as tutoring, fundraising, or community service projects List career-related activities such as speaking or writing activitiesList participation in athletics or creative projectsList the offices held in academic or professional organizationsNote any awards you‘ve receivedPersonal data should be left off your résumé, unless including it enhances the employer‘s understanding of why you would be the best candidate for the job.Exclude information such asPolitical or religious organizationsItems that would encourage discrimination (gender, marital or family status, age, race, religion, national origin, physical or mental disability, etc.) Salary informationReasons for leaving jobsNames of previous supervisorsYour Social Security numberAvoid common forms of résumé deception:Do not claim educational credits you don‘t have.Do not inflate your grade-point average.Do not stretch dates of employment to cover gaps.Do not claim to be self-employed.Do not claim to have worked for companies that are out of business.Do not omit jobs that might cause embarrassment.Do not exaggerate, alter the past, or claim to have skills you don‘t have.As with any other business message, you need to complete your résumé by Revising itProducing itProofreading itWhen revising your résumé, think about how to avoid the following criticisms: Too longToo short or sketchy13: Searching For Employment and Preparing Employment Messages 403 Hard to readWordyToo slickAmateurishPoorly reproducedMisspelled and ungrammatical throughoutBoastfulDishonestGimmickyWhen producing your traditional, printed résumé, be sure toUse a clean typeface on a high-grade letter-size bond paperUse an envelope that matches the paperLeave ample margins all aroundMake sure that all corrections are unnoticeableAvoid italic typefacesUse a quality printerTry to keep your résumé to one pageBreak up text with headings that call attention to various aspects of your backgroundSet off key points by underlining, capitalizing, or reversing indentation into the left marginUse lists to itemize your most important qualificationsLeave plenty of white space (even if you run onto a second page)You need to format your résumé in at least two and maybe three ways: As a traditional printed documentAs a plain-text (ASCII) document for scanning or submitting electronicallyAs an HTML-coded document to post on a webpageEmployers use optical character recognition (OCR) software to examine every character in the original document and reproduce each one in an electronic, computer-readable document.Once the electronic document is downloaded into a company database, the employer can retrieve a list of likely candidates by searching for keywords.ASCII is a plain-text language that allows your résumé to be read by any scanner and accessed by any computer, regardless of the software you used to prepare it.To make your traditional résumé scannable, you mustEliminate all formatting (boldfacing, underlining, italics, bullets, etc.)Eliminate format codes (tab settings, tables)Remove shadows and reverse printRemove graphics and boxesUse scannable typefacesUse a font size of 10- to 14-pointsRemove multicolumn formatsSave the document under a different name using your software‘s ―save as‖ option13: Searching For Employment and Preparing Employment Messages404To improve the look of your scannable résumé, youAlign text by adding some blank spaces (rather than tabs)Create headings and separate paragraphs by adding a few blank linesIndicate bullets with an asterisk or a lowercase letter oUse white space to signal scanners and computers when one topic ends and another beginsDo not condense spacing between lettersUs e all capitals for section headings, as long as letters don‘t touch each other Put your name at the top of each page on its own lineUse the standard address format below your nameList each phone number on its own lineUse white or light colored paper, printing on one side onlyRight after your name and address, include a key word summary of 20 to 30 words and phrases that define yourSkillsExperienceEducationProfessional affiliationsOne way to identify which key words to include in your summary is to underline all the skills listed in ads for the types of jobs you‘re interested in.To maximize hits on your résumé, be sure toUse words that potential employers will understandUse abbreviations sparinglyLearn the important buzzwords used in your field and use themWhen submitting a scannable résumé, youSend it by e-mail whenever possible (rather than by snail mail or fax)Paste it into the body of your e-mail message (don‘t attach it as a separate document)Include any reference number or job ad number in your e-mail subject linePost it to an employer‘s online résumé builder by copying and pasting proper sections from your electronic file directly into the employer‘s form Fax it only if you set your machine to ―fine‖ modeMail it only if you include a well-designed printed résumé with itIf you post your résumé on your webpage, be sure youProvide potential employers with your URLThink of important key words to use as hyperlinksDon‘t use hyperlinks that will distract potential employers from your credentialsWhen posting your résumé with an index service, youDon‘t use photosDon‘t provide information about your age, gender, marital status, or religionLeave out the names of references and previous employersMake sure not to name companiesInclude an ASCII version of your résumé on your webpage13: Searching For Employment and Preparing Employment Messages 405 Before submitting your résumé in any form, be sure to proofread it thoroughly.Once your résumé is complete, update it continuously.Preparing Other Types of Employment MessagesIn addition to your résu mé, you‘ll need toWrite application lettersWrite job-inquiry lettersFill out application formsWrite follow-up messagesAccompanying your résumé with a cover or application letter lets readers know What you‘re sendingWhy you‘re sending itHow they can benefit from reading itThe purpose of your cover letter is to interest the reader enough to read your résumé, so Learn something about the organization you‘re applying toFocus on your audience so that you can show you‘ve done your homeworkAddress your letter with the receiver‘s name, title, and departmentIn your cover letter you shouldBe specificInclude salaryMake e-mail covers even shorterAim for high qualitySend a solicited application letter in response to an announced job opening.Sen an unsolicited application letter to organizations that have not announced an opening.For an unsolicited application letter, use the AIDA approach.In the opening of an unsolicited application letter, try toGrab attentionFocus on your audienceEmphasize reader benefitsProject confidenceState your reason for writing and the position you‘re applying forTo build interest and increase desire in the middle of your application letter, try to Present your strongest selling points (in terms of their benefits to the organization) Be careful not to repeat facts presented in your résuméSpell out a few of your key qualificationsBack up your assertions with some convincing evidence of your performanceDiscuss each requirement specified in any advertisementDemonstrate a few significant job-related qualities (diligence, willingness to work hard, ability to learn quickly, skill at handling responsibility, aptitude forgetting along with people)Mention salary requirements only if the organization has asked you to state them Refer readers to your résumé by citing a specific fact or general point covered there To motivate action, youAsk readers for a specific action (for an interview)Try to sound natural and appreciativeOffer to come to the employer‘s office at a convenient timeMake a reply easy; clearly state contact information and the best time to reach you Mention that you will follow up with a phone call in a few daysRefer again to your strongest selling pointRefer to your date of availabilityWhen applying for a job abroad or with a foreign company doing business in the United States or Canada, don‘t use the AIDA approach unless it is culturally appropriate to do so.An application form is a standardized data sheet that simplifies the comparison of applic ants‘ qualifications.To request an application form, youSend a job-inquiry letter that shows you have at least some of the requirements for the position you‘re seekingDr op in at the office you‘re applying toWhen filling out an application form, remember toBe thorough and accurateHave your résumé with you to remind you of important informationWrite ―not applicable‖ when you have no such backgroundUse a pen (unless specifically requested to use a pencil)Print legiblyAsk whether you may submit a résumé and cover letter along with the application Send a follow-up letterIf your application letter and résumé fail to bring a response within a month or so Within three months of receiving word that an employer will be keeping your résumé on fileA foll ow up letter can demonstrate that you‘reSincerely interested in working for the organizationPersistent in pursuing your goalsOVERCOMING DIFFICULTIES STUDENTS OFTEN FACE Although the majority of your students may have been employed at some time, many in the class may not yet have work experience. Help students build a list of traits thatemployers are looking for. As you conduct this discussion, solicit examples of ways that students can illustrate each of the traits in their résumés, letters, and interviews. By now, students are probably automatically applying the three-step writing process; however, this time the analysis step must include an analysis of themselves: their strengths and weaknesses, likes and dislikes, and so forth. Stress the importance of this step in the planning process for employment messages. Whereas some students will downplay their strengths, others will overstate them, and some will hesitate to complete an honest critique to identify their weaknesses.Stress the importance o f researching a company before applying for a job. Today‘s students will typically turn to the Internet to find information about a company. But because the Internet may offer limited information on smaller companies, help students identify other ways to find information: school career services office, newspapers, published company materials, and so forth.Some class members may not have visited the school‘s career services office. Provide an overview of the services the office provides students, and tell them what they need to do to register. Since some class members will already have visited the office and obtained booklets and various help sheets, be prepared to answer questions about any differences between that information and the information provided during class or in the textbook.Students will have numerous misconceptions about effective résumés. Encourage them to bring in any résumés they created previously so that they can modify them according to chapter guidelines. Be sure to discuss chronological, functional, and combination résumés. Help students identify which would be the best fit, considering individual work history, strengths, and so forth. During class, examine the detailed critiques of the chronological and functional résumés included in the chapter. Address the criticisms that employers often make about applicants‘ résumés. Also stress the need for error-free documents in this unit of study. Emphasize that document errors and weaknesses may cause a potential employer to eliminate an applicant from consideration.Students often have trouble preparing résumé content. Emphasize using short, crisp phrases (instead of whole sentences), starting phrases with action verbs, avoiding personal pronouns (such as I and my), and preparing a forceful yet accurate résumé. Review all the typical sections of the résumé: contact information, career objective, education, work experience, and other information. Also review what information to exclude. Help students assess the pros and cons of including a career objective. Students will have varying work histories, so help them select effective ways to present their information. When discussing the various résumé sections, such as education and work experience, encourage students to ask questions about what to include and how to present it.Sometimes students are tempted to exaggerate or omit information as they prepare their materials. Discuss common forms of résumé deception and answer questions related to leaving things out, embellishing facts inappropriately, and so forth.This class may be some students‘ first exposure to preparing scannable résumés. Compare and contrast traditional and scannable résumés. Help students identify keywords that would be appropriate for their personal résumés.A common problem with student application letters is that they simply repeat the facts presented in the résumé. Review the AIDA approach and help students identify what information to include in each of the three paragraphs that the text recommends. Remind students to focus on the potential employer by explaining what the writer has to offer the company. Encourage students to be assertive when asking for an interview and to eliminate wording that suggests a doubtful tone. Give concrete examples of wording to avoid in the last paragraph.Students may question the necessity of sending follow-up letters. Review why these letters are valuable tools, what they should include, and when they should be sent. SUGGESTED CLASSROOM EXERCISES1.Gathering Opinions of Human Resource Managers. Invite two or three humanresource managers to address the class and share information about what they look for in job applicants. Invite them to share weaknesses they often find inrésumés and application letters and what they view as résumé deception. Have them share what students can do to get an interview. This panel presentationshould generate many student questions.2.Conducting a Self-Assessment. Have students complete a self-assessmentexercise (such as the work-related preferences self-assessment in the Practice Your Knowledge activity 4). Ask students to prepare a list of personal strengths and weaknesses as a starting point for preparing employment-related documents.Instruct them to list achievements, specific skills, educational preparation, work experience, extracurricular activities, community involvement, and so forth.3.Determining What Support the Career Services Office Provides. Invite thedirector of the school‘s career services office to address the class. Ask thespeaker to inform the students of the assistance they can obtain from the office and what they must do to register. Invite the speaker to bring along selectedhandouts that would be helpful to your students. This speaker can presentinsightful information on résumé writing and interviewing skills. Students should have numerous questions for the speaker. As an alternative, you may want toassign a small group of students to visit the career services office, gatherinformation on support available, and report their findings to the class.4.Identifying Helpful Tips on Résumé Design. Assign students to work in teams toconduct research on the Internet to identify sites that provide helpful information about résumé preparation. Instruct students to visit several sites and compare and contrast the information provided at those sites. Students may want to start with some of the sites identified in the Expand Your Knowledge section at the end of the chapter. Teams should present their findings to the class. Help students。
英语四级作文商务沟通
英语四级作文商务沟通English:Effective communication is essential in the world of business. It is not only crucial for conveying information and instructions but also for building relationships and making deals. In the context of business communication, clarity and conciseness are key. Messages should be conveyed in a clear and straightforward manner to avoid misunderstandings. Using professional language and tone is also important to convey a sense of professionalism and respect. It is also essential to be a good listener in business communication. Understanding the needs and concerns of your audience can help tailor your communication to be more effective. In addition, non-verbal communication such as body language and gestures can also play a significant role in business interactions. Finally, technology has revolutionized business communication, offering various tools and platforms for effective communication, including email, video conferencing, and instant messaging.中文翻译:商务沟通在商业世界中至关重要。
Business-Communication-商务沟通
B u s i n e s sC o m m u n i c a t i o n商务沟通Our goal for this communication is ___.To tell people about Product X向人们宣传X产品To increase sales提高销售额To do instiiutional advertising做建立永久声誉的广告Business Communication 商务沟通Messages sent through a certain format and medium for a certain organizational purpose.商务沟通就是通过某种模式和媒介传递既定的公司目标。
Business Communications is different from normal communciation with your friends and neighbors. Business Communications are done for a purpose; to meet an organizational goal or corporate KPI. They are usually planned, designed, and broadcast to give a large audience a certain message in a one way flow. They are often part of a campaign that has a certain purpose, time frame, and budget. These communciations should have three characteristics. They should be consistent with past communications, they should be tailored to the target audience, and they should fit the format that carries the message.商务沟通不同于普通意义上的与朋友或邻里之间的沟通。
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Company Policies
Personal Relationships
Chapter 1 - 15
Center on the Audience
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Chapter 1 - 16
Business Etiquette
•Respect
Informal Rules
Chapter 1 - 35
Nonverbal Signals
Communication Process
Decoding Messages
Interpreting Messages
Cultural Context
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For Your Company
•Timely Information •Decision-Making •Marketing Messages •Employee Engagement
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Chapter 1 - 7
Effective Communication
Send Honest Messages
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Respect Cultural Differences
Chapter 1 - 34
Social Customs
Formal Rules
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•Courtesy •Common Sense
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Summary of Discussion
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Chapter 1 - 18
• Will your assumptions change?
• Are you comfortable with the decision?
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Summary of Discussion
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Practical Factual
Concise
Efficient
Clear
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Persuasive
Chapter 1 - 8
Summary of Discussion
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Cultural Context
Legal and Ethical Social Customs
Age Differences
Gender Differences Religious Differences
Nonverbal Signals
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Chapter 1 - 29
Communicating in a World of Diversity
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Chapter 1 - 30
Workforce Diversity
Advantages
•Ideas and Views
Make Ethical Choices
• Have you defined the situation? • Why are you communicating? • What impact will your message have? • What good or harm will be achieved?
Challenges
•Perceptions
•Diverse Markets
•Responses
•Employee Talents •Communication
Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, IncAspects
Chapter 1 - 24
Committing to Ethical Communication
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Chapter 1 - 25
Unethical Messages
•Plagiarism
•Omission
•Misquoting
Chapter 1
Understanding Business Communication in Today’s Workplace
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Chapter 1 - 2
Learning Objectives
1. Learn why communication matters 2. Communicate as a professional
3. Explore the communication process
4. Commit to ethical communication
5. Communicate in a diverse world
6. Use communication technology
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•Distortion
•Privacy
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Ethical Questions
•Dilemmas •Lapses
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Chapter 1 - 27
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Communication Models
Business Communication 1.0
“We talk, you listen”
Business Communication 2.0
“Let’s have a conversation”
Age Differences
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Chapter 1 - 37
Chapter 1 - 9
Communicating as a Professional
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Chapter 1 - 10
What Is Professionalism?
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Chapter 1 - 22
Business Communication 2.0 Model
Traditional Approach
Hybrid Method
Social Media Approach
Strategic Plans
For Your Company
•Marketplace Ties •Conversations and Trends •Production and Problems •Financial Outcomes
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Chapter 1 - 6
Chapter 1 - 11
What Employers Expect
• Organizing ideas and information • Expressing yourself coherently • Constructing compelling narratives • Evaluating data and information • Listening actively to others
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What Employers Expect
• Communicating with diverse audiences • Using communication technologies • Using standard grammar and spelling • Adapting messages and styles • Communicating in a civilized manner
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Organizational Context
Communication Channels
Organizational Structure
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Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 1 - 20