30-复合句之状语从句

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(九) 复合句——状语从句

(九) 复合句——状语从句

(九)复合句——状语从句(九) 复合句——状语从句说明: 所有相关复合句的综合练习将出现在“从句综合练习”章节❖ 考点归纳1. 状语从句的类型: 时间状语从句、地点状语从句、原因状语从句、条件状语从句、目的状语从句、结果状语从句、让步状语从句、比较状语从句、方式状语从句2. 时间状语从句:⑴ 连接词及固定搭配: when, while, as, since, after, before, until / till, once, each time, everytime, any time, whenever, as soon as, the moment, the minute, the instant, hardly / scarcely / barely / rarely … when / before, no sooner … than, just as, directly, immediately, instantly, shortly after, soon after, it won ’t be long before, by the time, it ’s the first time that, it ’s … since, the first time, the last time⑵ as soon as 与hardly … when 等结构都能表示“一……就……”,但两者的时态不同;前者一般主从句均为一般时态,表示一般情形遵从主将从现原则;后者一般主句为过去完成时,从句为一般过去时,且在句首引起倒装⑶ 特殊地,可用the minute, each time, the first time 等名词或名词短语充当连接词引导时间状语从句,该类词称为边际从属连词 3. 地点状语从句可由where, wherever 引导,前者指特定地点,后者为无特定地点4. 原因状语从句:⑴ 可由because, since, now that, as, in that 引导,注意for, so, with + n . + 宾补结构⑵ 现代英语中,because 与for 都可引导原因状语从句,且都能表示“直接理由”与“间接理由”,如It must be very late, for the streets are quite deserted. (间接理由)上句中的for 实也可替换为because ,只是在两者同时存在时,使用for 语势较弱,更显出说话人的推断的不确定性,说明说话人的推断略显主观臆断⑶ 在表述直接理由时,because, since, as 从句位置既可在主句前,也可在句尾;而for 则只能位于主句后;此外,because 可回答why 问句,because 前可加入诸如simply 的修饰语,because 从句也可作为强调句的强调部分,这些场合下because 不能替换为for ;若because 也表述的是间接理由,则其位置只能在主句后 5. 条件状语从句的连接词及相关搭配: if, unless ( if … not), on condition that, given that, as / solong as, suppose that, even if, even though, provided that, in case, lest, given that, considering that, since, now that 等6. 目的状语从句可由that, in order that, so that, for the purpose that, in the hope that 等作连接词或固定搭配,常与情态动词连用7. 结果状语从句:⑴ 连接词及固定搭配: that, so … that, such … that, so that 等 ⑵ such 修饰名词,so 修饰形容词或副词,such / so 结构类似于what / how 的固定结构;当such 修饰可数名词单数时可将其与so 结构互换;若such 修饰不可数名词或可数名词复数时则无法互换⑶ 当many, few, little, much 表多少修饰名词时只能用so ;若little 不表多少,且修饰可数名词单数时只能用such 8. 让步状语从句:⑴ although, though, as, while, even if, even though, however, whatever, no matter 系列等 ⑵ though 引导的让步状语从句可以倒装(也可不倒装),作用相当于as (必须倒装),此时though不能与although 替换;though 与although 都不能与but 并存,却能与yet 并存;as 引导让步状语从句时,倒装形容词、副词及无冠词的名词;只存在even though ,而无 *even although ;though 也可作连接性状语,而although 不可,如He said he would come; he didn ’t, though .⑶ -ever 系列与no matter 系列的区别(见前) 9. 比较状语从句(见第一章,此略)10. 方式状语从句可由as, as if, as though 引导❖ 考前巩固I. Combine the two sentences by using the words in the box. Each word can be used only once.(A) ifin order that even though whenever not …until 1.○1I need strength and wisdom. ○2I read the poem. 2.○1She was acting normal. ○2We had just had a fight. 3.○1We will run the world differently. ○2We truly realize the values of mistakes. 4.○1He could meet people of his age. ○2He joined the summer camp. 5. ○1He will stop the research on cancer. ○2There is a cure. (B) as if so …that whilealthough 6. ○1She decided to leave education and become an actress. ○2She passed the college entrance exam. 7. ○1It ’s not easy to travel with a large group.○2Different people have different ideas. 8. ○1You ’ll need to make hotel reservations several months in advance. ○2You go to Rome during peak seasons. 9. ○1The streets were flooded with water.○2It rained hard. 10. ○1Pink-loving people want to feel loved and protected. ○2Those who prefer orange are often brave and fun-loving. (C)sincethe first time so that once otherwise 11.○1Teenagers hit 18. ○2They began to view themselves as adults. 12.○1I visited the West Lake. ○2I was fascinated by its elegance and beauty. 13.○1The earth is round. ○2Why do we not fall off? 14.○1I will have to ask you to leave. ○2Switch off your mobile phone. 15. ○1It can ’t run away. ○2Keep your dog on a leash. II. Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 1.不亲自参与,你无法知道这种游戏带来的乐趣。

语法基础复合句中的时间状语从句

语法基础复合句中的时间状语从句

语法基础复合句中的时间状语从句复合句是由主句和从句构成的句子结构。

在复合句中,从句可以充当主句的主语、宾语、表语或定语等成分。

时间状语从句是一种常见的从句类型,用来表示主句发生的时间,它可以放在主句前面、中间或者后面。

本文将介绍语法基础复合句中的时间状语从句。

一、时间状语从句的基本概念和用法时间状语从句用来表示主句所发生的时间,常常使用连词来引导,如when、while、before、after、since等。

时间状语从句可以放在主句之前,通常使用逗号隔开,例如:"When I was young, I loved playing football."(当我年轻的时候,我喜欢踢足球。

)时间状语从句也可以放在主句之后,此时不需要逗号隔开,例如:"I will call you when I arrive."(我到达的时候会给你打电话。

)二、时间状语从句的时态和语序时间状语从句的时态要根据主句的时态来确定。

当主句是一般现在时、一般将来时或者祈使句时,时间状语从句需要使用一般现在时来表示将来的时间,例如:"I will go to bed after I finish my homework."(我做完作业后会去睡觉。

)当主句是过去时,时间状语从句可以使用过去的某个时态来表示过去的时间,例如:"He told me that he had visited Beijing before."(他告诉我他以前去过北京。

)时间状语从句的语序和主句的语序类似,即主语+谓语,但要注意从句的谓语动词需要根据主句的时态和语态来确定。

当主句是一般现在时或者一般过去时,时间状语从句的谓语动词需要根据从句的主语来确定,例如:"She will go to bed after she finishes her homework."(她做完作业后会去睡觉。

完整版英语语法状语从句的归纳总结

完整版英语语法状语从句的归纳总结

在复合句中修饰主句或主句中的某一成分的从句叫状语从句。

状语从句通常由从属连词或起连词作用的词组引导,有时甚至不需要连词直接和主句连接起来。

状语从句根据它表达的意思不同,可分为时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、条件、方式、比较、让步等九类。

一、时间状语从句时间状语从句是表示时间关系的从句。

可以引导时间状语从句的连词很多,根据意义和主从句之间的时间关系,通常可分为以下几种情况:A.when, while, as, wheneverwhen, while, as表示主句谓语作和从句的谓语动作同时发生或几乎同时发生。

1.when①when表示点时间时,从句中用短暂性动词;表示段时间时,用持续性动词。

When I got home, my family were already having dinner.我到家的时候,全家已在吃晚饭。

(when表示点时间)When they were still talking and laughing, the teacher came in.当他们还在说笑的时候,老师进来了。

(when表示段时间)He waved a hello when he saw her.当他看见她的时候,就挥手打了个招呼。

(when表示点时间)When you think you know nothing, you begin to know something.当你认为自己一无所知的时候,就开始知道一些事情了。

(when表示段时间)注意:当when意思是正当……时候(and at that moment)时,when只能跟在前一分句之后。

He was about to go to bed when the doorbel rang. 他正要上床,忽然门铃响了。

They were watching the World Cup when suddenly the lights went out.他们正看着世界杯比赛,突然灯灭了。

状语从句语法点

状语从句语法点

状语从句一、状语从句的定义、功能、分类定义:在复合句中作状语的从句。

功能:状语从句在主从复合句中修饰主句中的动词,形容词或副词,或整个主句。

若去掉状语,句子从语义和语法上都是一个完整的句子,状语从句是一个句子作状语,同理,去掉状语从句的主句从语义和语法上都是一个完整的句子。

分类:按意义可分为时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、条件、方式、比较、让步等状语从句。

位置:从句的位置放在句首,也可放在句末。

放在句首时,从句后面常用一个逗号,放在句末时,从句前一般不用逗号。

二、九种常见状语从句用法(一)时间状语从句引导时间状语从句的从属连词1)基本类:before、after、when、while、as、since、till、until、once、as soon as, etc.2)名词类:the moment ,the minute, the second, the instant, etc. (一…就…); every time, each time, next time, the last time, the first time, by the time, the day, the year, the morning, etc.3)副词类:immediately, directly, instantly, etc. (一...就...)4)句型类:no sooner…than…, hardly/scarcely…when…, etc. (一…就…)例句:Tell him I need to see him the minute he arrives. 他一到就告诉他我要见他。

The children ran away from the orchard(果园) the moment they saw the guard.The moment he saw me, he ran away. 他一看见我,就跑了。

复合句---状语从句

复合句---状语从句
复合句 状语从句
复合句 状语从句
定义
在复合句中修饰主句中的动词、形容词或副词,起状语作用 的从句叫状语从句。状语从句可置主句之前,也可置主句之 后。前置时,从句后用逗号与主句分开;后置时,与主句之 间无标点符号。
复合句 状语从句
复合句 状语从句
1.时间状语从句
(1)引导词:when, while, as, before, after, as soon as, until, since. (2)主句为将来时,从句用一般现在时代替。这就是我们常 说的“主将从现”。 如:Please call me when you get there. I will write to you as soon as I arrive in Beijing. (3) not...until的同义句替换。(before, after, when)
复合句 状语从句
3.原因状语从句
(4)Because , since,as, for的区别: because 从句所表示的是对方不知道的直接的原因,因此在 回答以why引导的特殊疑问句时只可用because; as,since从 句所表示的往往是对方已知的原因;for往往用于附加理由证 明或推断的结果。 Since everyone is here, let’s start our discussion. Spring is here, for the flowers are blooming(开花).
复合句 状语从句
上海历年真题
D we 5.We will have no water to drink ______ don’t protect the earth.—2010 A.until B. before C. though D. if

高考英语复合句之状语从句精讲精析

高考英语复合句之状语从句精讲精析

高考英语复合句之状语从句精讲精析状语一、什么是状语?状语修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子。

1. Naturally, our grandparents were pleased to get our phone call.2. We worked hard, from sunrise to sunset.3. To help my disabled aunt, I spend an hour working in her house every day4. Seen from a distance, the farmhouse looked deserted.5. I know how to light a camp fire because I had done it before.状语的位置比较灵活,可以位于句首、句末或句中。

二、什么是状语从句?状语从句指句子用作状语时,起副词作用的句子。

它可以修饰谓语、非谓语动词、定语、状语或整个句子。

状语从句一般由连词(从属连词)引导,也可以由词组引起。

根据其作用状语从句可分为:1.时间状语从句2.地点状语从句3.原因状语从句4.条件状语从句5.目的状语从句6.让步状语从句7.比较状语从句8.方式状语从句9.结果状语从句三、状语从句的时态特点一般情况下,时间和条件状语从句的谓语动词一般用“一般现在时”表示“一般将来时”,用“现在完成时”表示“将来完成时”。

I will call you as soon as I arrive in Beijing.As soon as I have finished this work, I will go home.If he comes back, please let me know.第一节.时间状语从句常用引导词:when, as, while, as soon as, before, after, since , till, until特殊引导词:the minute, the moment, the second, every time, the day,the instant, immediately , directly, no sooner … than, hardly …when, scarcely … whenI didn’t realize how special my mother was until I became an adult.While John was watching TV, his wife was cooking.The children ran away from the orchard(果园), the moment they saw the guardNo sooner had I arrived home, then it began to rain.Every time I listen to your advice, I get into trouble.表示“一……就……”除as soon as外,还有三类:名词型——the moment, the minute, the second, the instant;副词型——immediately, directly, instantly;句式型——no sooner…than…, hardly/scarcely…when…The moment I saw him, I fell in love with him.I came immediately you called. 你一给我打电话,我就马上来。

复合句之状语从句

复合句之状语从句

3. when 还有一些较为灵活的翻译:
虽然/鉴于/如果/届时/
虽然 1) He walks when he might take a taxi. 2) The Queen will visit the town in May, when she 届时 will open the new hospital. 3) How can you hope for mercy yourself when you show none? 如果 4) How could I live in Los Angeles when all my favorite people live here? 鉴于, 既然
1. when, while, as (一)连接词when的用法小结
1. when可用来引导时间状语从句,意为“当……的时候”从句的 谓语动词可以是延续性的,也可以是终止性的。(区别while) When the film ended, they went back. 2. When 常用于下列句式: when为并列连词意为“就在这时”。 be doing …when be about to do…when be on the point of doing... when… 1) They were walking down the street when they saw an accident. 2) I was about to go swimming when our guide stopped me.
注意:as从句通常将作表语的adj/n.、作状语的adv、 作 谓语的do(情态动词后的动词原形)提到句首, 但单数名词 前的冠词必须省略。)
小结:
当….的时候 when ★这时,正在这时 ★既然 ,鉴于 当…的时候 while ★而,然而 趁着…的时候

高中英语语法复习—复合句(名词性、定语从句、状语从句)精析

高中英语语法复习—复合句(名词性、定语从句、状语从句)精析

复合句一. 名词性从句:1.名词性从句主要分为四大类:主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。

是由if, whether, that 和各种疑问词充当连接词所引导的从句,其功同名词一样。

2.名词性从句的语序:名词性从句在句中要用陈述句语序。

如:He asked me what was the matter with me.We’ve heard the news that we’ll move into the new house.Whatever you say will interest us all.(一)主语从句1.定义:主语从句是在复合句中充当主语的从句,通常放在主句谓语动词之前或由形式主语it代替,而本身放在句子末尾。

用作主语的从句叫做主语从句。

2.构成:关联词+简单句3.引导主语从句的关联词有三类:1) 从属连词that:由that引导的从句,通常用形式主语来代替。

That he has disappeared worries his parents.It worries his parents that he has disappeared.It is not likely that he can win the lottery.It is a big surprise that he is still alive.2) 从属连词whether。

如:Whether he’ll come here isn’t clear. 他是否会来这里还不清楚。

Whether or not she will go to Japan is up to her.Whether he will take part in the play is not clear.3) 连接代词who, whom, whose, what, which, whoever, whatever, whichever由what等代词引导的从句,表示”所1的(东西)”,实际上等于一个现行词加上一个定语从句,也可以由-ever等代词引导。

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第三十课复合句之状语从句用来修饰谓语动词、其他动词、定语、状语或整个句子的从句叫做状语从句。

状语从句可分为:时间状语从句、地点状语从句、原因状语从句、条件状语从句、目的状语从句、让步状语从句、比较状语从句、方式状语从句、结果状语从句九种。

1、时间状语从句通常由when,while,as,before,after,as soon as,until∕till,since等词引导。

当主句用一般将来时或表示将来含义时,时间状语从句常用一般现在时表将来。

I’ll help you when I come back.当我回来时,我会帮你的。

She will call me as soon as she arrives in Salt Lake City.她一到盐湖城就会给我打电话。

(1)在when引导的时间状语从句中,动作可以是表示延续的,也可以表示瞬间的,while 引导的从句中,动作一定是表示延续的。

I was watching TV when Tom came in.汤姆进来时,我正在看电视。

Tom came in while I was watching TV.当我正在看电视时,汤姆进来了。

(2)as“当……时,一边……一边……”引导的时间状语从句,强调主句的动作与从句的动作同时发生,when与while也有此用法。

另外when和as常表示从句动作先于主句动作,有时when还可以表示从句动作在主句动作之后。

As she was dancing, she was singing.她边跳边唱。

It’s getting colder as winter comes随着冬天的到来,天气越来越冷了。

(3)before“在……以前”表示主句的动作发生在从句动作之前:after“在……之后”,表示主句的动作发生在从句的动作之后。

She was so absorbed in the book that she had read it for three hours before she realized it.她对这本书如此地感兴趣,以至于在她意识到之前她已经读了三个小时了。

I went to sleep after I finished my homework.我做完作业后就去睡觉了。

(4)until ∕ till表示主句动作结束的时间。

在肯定句中表示“直到……为止”,主句要用延续性动词。

My mother waited until ∕ till I came back..妈妈一直等到我回来。

在否定句中,until ∕ till表示“直到……才”,主句通常用瞬间动词。

这时until可用before替换。

常构成not...until 结构。

He didn’t leave until I came back.直到我回来,他才走。

(5)since,ever since,引导的时间状语从句中,表示主句动作开始的时间,意为“自……以来”。

主句常用一般现在时或现在完成时,从句用一般过去时,常用句型为:it has been+时间+since +从句;it is +一段时间+since+从句。

It’s ten years since I worked in this hospital.我在这家医院工作十年了。

We’ve been good friends since he came here.自从他来这里,就成了我的好朋友。

(6)由by the time引导的时间状语从句要注意时态的变化:在一般情况下,如果从句的谓语动词用一般过去时,主句的谓语动词用过去完成时;如果从句的谓语动词用一般现在时,主句的谓语动词用将来完成时。

By the time you returned, I had finished the book.到你回来时,我已经写完这本书了。

By the time you come here tomorrow, I will have completed the work.你明天来这儿的时候,我将已经完成这个工作了。

(7)由each time,every time和whenever引导的时间状语从句。

Each time she visited Changsha, she would call on me.她每次来长沙,总是来看我。

Whenever you go, I’ll follow you!无论你什么时候去,我都跟着你。

Every time I see you, you grow younger.每次见到你,你都更年轻了。

2、地点状语从句地点状语从句一般由连接副词where,wherever等引导,已经形成了固定句型,例如:句型1:where 从句,(there)+主句。

Where bees are, there is honey.有蜜蜂就有蜂蜜。

此句型通常译成“哪里……哪里就……”,主句在从句后面时,there可用可不用;如果主句在从句的前面时,一般都不用there。

句型2:anywhere∕wherever从句,主句。

anywhere本身是一个副词,但是常可以引导从句,相当于连词,意思相似于wherever。

wherever 本身是个连词,表示“在何处,无论何处。

”Wherever the sea is, you’ll find seamen.有海就有海员。

Wherever she goes, I’ll go with him.不管他去哪里,我都跟他去。

3、原因状语从句由because,as,since,for等词引导原因状语从句。

(1)because 表示的往往是他人不了解的、不明显的原因,是全句叙述的重点,语气最强,只能用becaue回答由疑问词why引导的疑问句。

He was absent from the meeting that day because he had a bad cold.他那天因患感冒而缺席了那次会议。

Because yesterday was Sunday, he didn’t go to school.因为昨天是星期天了,所以他没去上学。

注意:because不能与并列连词so同时出现在句中使用。

She was late for school because she missed the bus.=She missed the bus, so she was late for school.因为她错过了公共汽车,所以她上学迟到了。

(2)since是指分析后的原因,他人多少有所了解,不是全句叙述的重点,语气较弱。

Since you have read the story, I won’t tell you again.既然你读过这个故事,我就不再讲了。

Since everyone is here, let’s start our meeting.既然大家都到了,咱们开会吧。

(3)as表示他人了解的明显原因,不是全句叙述的重点,较口语化,语气较弱。

As I was in a hurry, I left my book at home.因为太匆忙,所以我把书忘家里了。

As I knew he was ill, I didn’t call him.我知道他生病了,所以没有给他打电话。

(4)由because引导的从句如果放在句末,且前面有逗号,则可用for代替。

但是如果不是说明直接原因,而是对多种情况加以推断,就只能用for。

He was absent today, because∕for he was ill.他今天缺席,因为他病了。

He must have been ill, because he was absent today.他一定是病了,因为他今天缺席了。

4、目的状语从句用以补充说明主句中谓语动词发生的目的的从句叫做目的状语从句。

表示目的状语的从句可以由that,so that,so,in order that等词引导。

目的状语从句中常含有can,could,may,might,should等情态动词。

Speak louder (so) that everyone can hear you.大声说,以便大家都能听到你的话。

He left early so that he could catch the train.他早早动身,以便能赶上火车。

5、结果状语从句结果状语从句表示结果,通常位于主句之后。

引导结果状语从句的连词(词组)有:so…that,such…that,so that,that等。

(1)so…that与such…that的区别这两个结构的常用句型如下:so+形容词∕副词+that从句so+形容词+a ∕ an+单数名词+thatsuch+a ∕ an+形容词+单数名词+thatsuch+形容词+复数名词∕不可数名词+thatHe is so young that he can’t go to school.他那么小,以至于不能上学。

She is such a nice girl that we all like her.=She is so nice s girl that we all like her.她是那么好的一个女孩,以至于我们都喜欢她。

He speaks so fast that I couldn’t follow him.他讲得太快了,我跟不上。

I have so much time that I can take a walk outside.我有那么多时间以至于可以出去散会儿步。

(2)当that引导的结果状语从句为肯定句时,so...that…可以与be…enough to do转换;当从句为否定式时,可以与too…to…或be not…enough to do 转换,从而使复合句变为简单句。

Peter is so tall that he can reach the apples in the big tree.=Peter is tall enough to reach the apples in the big tree.彼得足够高,能够摘到那棵高树上的苹果。

The boy is so young that he can’t look after himself.=The boy is too young to look after himself.那个男孩太小不能照顾他自己。

6、条件状语从句由if,unless等连词引导条件状语从句。

unless在意义上相当于if…not表示“除非”“如果不”。

由于本身已经含有否定意义,因此不要在unless后用否定形式。

若主句是一般将来时,if,unless引导的从句要用一般现在时表将来。

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