并列复合句与主从复合句

并列复合句与主从复合句

一、并列复合句“二步”学习法

并列复合句（简称并列句）与主从复合句（简称复合句）的区别是：并列句用并列连词连接两个或两个以上的句子，并表示句子与句子之间的并列关系。复合句是一个完整的句子，用连接词连接的从句充当句子的某一个成分，是主从关系。

试比较：

Come here early , and you will see our manager . （两个句子之间是并列关系，没有从属关系，所以是并列复合句）

If you come here early , you will see our manager . （句中If引导的条件状语从句和后面的主句有主从关系，从句从属于主句，所以是主从复合句）

二、掌握并列复合句的连词

并列句的连词由单个连词和连词词组两部分组成。

1、由and ,but ,or/or else , so , for 等并列连词把连个简单句连接起来而成为

并列复合句。

2、由并列连词词组连接成的并列复合句。常用的并列连词词组有not

only …but also …. , either…or…, neither …nor…, not…but…, both…and…, as well as…等等

三、主从复合句“二步”学习法

主从复合句中的从句分为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句、定语从句和状语从句等6种。前四种均相当于一个名词的作用-----名词性从句。

名词性从句、定语从句和状语从句

第一步、掌握复合句的结构

以下采用线条和图示的方法介绍复合句的结构：

说明：

主句：_________________

从句：﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍

连接词：

1.主语从句的两种结构：

①连接词﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍谓_________________

Who are the winners hasn’t been announced .

②It谓_________________ 连接词﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍

It hasn’t been announced who are the winners .

主语从句是整个句子作主语，他可以放在主句的谓语动词之前（结构①），但多数情况是it做形式主语（结构②），而把主语从句放在主句之后。如果主语从句太长，显得笨重，这是我们就采用结构②

这种it作形式主语的主从复合句有以下几种结构：

①It is ＋ n. ＋ that …

②It is ＋ adj. ＋that…

③It is ＋过去分词＋从句

④It ＋ vt. ＋宾语＋从句

It worried /shocked/surprised/delighted…that…或It makes no difference that /whether…

It worried me a bit that her hair was turning grey .

It shocked me that Peter didn’t tell anybody where he was .

It makes no difference to me whether he goes there or not .

⑤It ＋ v. ＋从句

It made …＋ adj. that…

It happens/happened that …

It seems/seemed that…

It appears/appeared that …

It seemed to him (that) he would never work out the question .

It (so) happened that the famous actor was her mother .(The famous actor happened to be her brother .)

2.表语从句的结构

_________________系连接词﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍

The question is whether they have enough time .

表语从句：位于系动词之后，整个句子作表语的句子。表语从句对主语进行解释、说明，是主语的内容具体化。表语的从句的结构比较简单，显著特点是从句位于系动词之后。

China is no longer what is used to be .

He looked just as he had looked ten years before .

It sounds as if someone is knocked on the door .

That’s because he didn’t understand me .

That’s why he got angry with me .

3.宾语从句的两种种结构：

①_________________动、行、介连接词﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍

②_________________动it （＋adj./n.）连接词﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍

Do you know where the boy lives .

I’m interested in what you said at the meeting .

We are glad (that) you’ve come to join us .

The boy has made it clear that he won’t give up .

We feel it a pity that you won’t join us in the game .

宾语从句：就是整个从句作及物动词、介词和少数形容词的宾语。当宾语从句之后带有形容词、名词等，一般用it作形式宾语，而把宾语从句放到句末，此时引导宾语从句的that不能省略。

注:从结构上讲，宾语从句特别要注意的是语序和时态。宾语从句要用陈述句的语序。是太主要取决于主句的时态。主句是现在时，从句可以是任何时态。但主句是过去时，从句除了表示客观真理可用现在时外，一律用过去时态。

Could you tell me what time it is now ?

Nobody knows where she lives .

Do you know when they will come back to school ?

Mother said that she would buy me a bag .

When do you think Mr. Zhang will come back to our company .

4.定语从句的三种结构