专业英语复习要点1
专业英语专升本知识点总结
专业英语专升本知识点总结1. English grammarGrammar is one of the most important aspects of learning English. It is the foundation of the language and without a good understanding of grammar, it is difficult to build a coherent and understandable sentence. Some key grammar points include verb tenses, prepositions, pronouns, articles, and the order of adjectives. Understanding these grammar rules and how to use them correctly is essential for effective communication in English.2. VocabularyVocabulary is another crucial aspect of learning English. Without a good grasp of vocabulary, it is impossible to express yourself effectively. You need to be able to understand, recognize, and use a wide range of words and phrases in order to communicate fluently. This includes both general vocabulary and specialized vocabulary related to specific fields such as business, finance, technology, and medicine.3. Reading comprehensionBeing able to understand written English is an essential skill for adult learners. This includes understanding the main idea, identifying supporting details, and understanding the writer's purpose and tone. Being able to comprehend written material is critical for academic success and is also important for everyday life, as it allows you to read and understand important information such as news articles, emails, and technical documents.4. Writing skillsBeing able to write effectively is another important skill for adult learners. This includes writing clear and coherent essays, reports, emails, and other types of documents. To do this, you need to be able to organize your thoughts, use correct grammar and vocabulary, and structure your writing in a logical and coherent manner. Writing is a key skill for academic success, as well as for many professional and personal situations.5. Speaking and listeningBeing able to speak and understand spoken English is crucial for effective communication. This includes being able to hold a conversation, ask and answer questions, and express your thoughts and opinions. Listening skills are also important, as they allow you to understand what others are saying and respond appropriately. Being able to speak and listen effectively is essential for social, professional, and academic situations.6. PronunciationGood pronunciation is critical for effective communication in English. If your pronunciation is poor, it can be difficult for others to understand you. This includes being able to produce the correct sounds, stress, and intonation patterns, as well as understanding how differentwords are pronounced in different contexts. Improving your pronunciation is essential for effective communication in English.7. Cultural knowledgeUnderstanding the cultural aspects of English-speaking countries is important for effective communication. This includes understanding social customs, business practices, and everyday life. It also includes being aware of different accents, dialects, and regional variations in English, as well as understanding the cultural context of different expressions and idioms. Understanding the cultural aspects of English is important for social and professional interactions.8. Test preparationFinally, many adult learners are preparing for English proficiency tests such as the TOEFL, IELTS, or Cambridge exams. These tests measure a person's ability to read, write, speak, and understand English, and are often used for academic or professional purposes. Test preparation involves understanding the format of the test, practicing test-taking strategies, and improving your skills in reading, writing, speaking, and listening.In conclusion, adult learners of English need to focus on a range of key skills and knowledge points in order to communicate effectively in English. This includes grammar, vocabulary, reading comprehension, writing skills, speaking and listening, pronunciation, cultural knowledge, and test preparation. By mastering these skills and knowledge points, adult learners can improve their ability to communicate in English, both in everyday life and in academic and professional contexts.。
学位英语知识点复习资料
学位英语知识点复习资料
以下是学位英语的一些基本知识点复习资料：
1. 语法：复习英语的基本语法规则，包括时态、语态、句型、主谓一致等。
2. 词汇：复习常见的学术词汇，如学科名词、实验方法、研究领域等。
3. 阅读理解：提高阅读理解能力，包括快速阅读和理解主旨、细节、推理等。
多阅读
学术文章和论文，熟悉学术写作风格。
4. 写作技巧：学习学术写作的基本结构和格式，包括论文的引言、正文、结论等部分。
也要练习提高写作的逻辑性和清晰度。
5. 听力技巧：提高听力理解能力，包括听清主旨、关键词等，练习听写和记笔记。
6. 口语表达：提高口语交流能力，包括演讲、讨论、辩论等。
练习口语表达和流利性。
7. 学术资料查找和利用：学习使用学术数据库、图书馆资源等查找学术资料，提高筛
选和利用学术资料的能力。
8. 专业知识：了解自己专业领域的基本知识，熟悉相关的学术研究和发展动态。
这些是学位英语的一些基本知识点，希望对你的复习有所帮助。
此外，还建议你参考
相关教材和学习资源，进行系统的复习和练习。
英语专业基础英语综合教程1-基英复习资料整理1
Unit 1Ⅰ. Translation1.他为这次面试中可能被问到的问题做好了准备。
(confront)He has prepared answers to the questions that he expects to confront during the interview.2.他悲惨的遭遇深深打动了我们，使我们几乎要哭出声来。
(touch)His sad story touched us so deeply that we nearly cried.3.他们俩手挽着手沿着河边散步，有说有笑。
(hand in hand)The two of them are walking hand in hand along the riverbank, chatting and laughing.4.听到这令人激动的消息之后，他眼睛里涌出欢乐的泪水。
(well up)When he heard the exciting news, tears of joy welled up in his eyes.5.亨利和妻子正在考虑能不能在三年内买一幢新房子。
(look into)Henry and his wife are looking into the possibility of buying a new house within three years.6.上海人容易听懂苏州话，因为上海话和苏州话有许多共同之处。
(in common)People from Shanghai can understand Suzhou dialect with ease, for Shanghai dialect and Suzhou dialect have much in common.7.女儿再三请求到国外去深造，他最终让步了。
（give in to）He finally gave in to his daughter's repeated requests to further her education abroad.8.我们在动身去度假之前把所有的贵重物品都锁好了。
英语专业英语语言学期末复习总结归纳
英语语言学一、名词解释第一课1.Synchronic共时性: S aid of an approach that studies language at a theoretical “point” in time.\ A kind of description which takes a fixed instant (usually, but not necessarily, the present), as its point of observation. Most grammars are of this kind.ngue语言: The abstract linguistic system shared by all members of a speech community.nguage: Language is a system of arbitrary vocal symbol used for human communication.4.Arbitrariness任意性:One design feature of human language, which refers to the face that the forms of linguistic signs bear no natural relationship to their meaning.第二课1.Phoneme音位:2.Allophone音位变体:3.Minimal pair最小对立体:第三课1.Morphology形态学:which words are formed.2.Derivational morphemes class of words are called…3.Inflectional morphemes第四课1.Syntax语法句法:classes,4.Surface to the final syntactic form of the sentence which results from第五课1.Reference指称: Reference means what a linguistic form refers to in the real, physical world; it deals with the relationship between the linguistic element and the non-linguistic world of experience.2.Homonymy同音异义: Homonymy refers to the phenomenon that words having different meanings have the same form, i.e. different words are identical in sound or spelling, or in both.3.Hyponymy 上下义关系: Hyponymy refers to the sense relation between a more general, more inclusive word and a more specific word.第六课1.Pragmatics语用学: Pragmatics can be defined as the study of how speakers of a language use sentences to effect successful communication.2.Utterance话语: a sentence as what people actually utter in the course of communication.3.Utterance meaning话语意义: Utterance is based on sentence meaning; it is realization of the abstractmeaning of a sentence in a real situation of communication, or simply in a context.4.Illocutionary act言外行为: An illocutionary act is the act expressing the speaker’s intention; it is the act performed in saying something.二、简答题第一课1．What are the major branches of linguistics? What does each of them study?Phonetics: The study of sounds used in linguistic communication. It describes individual speech sounds and indicates their physical or phonetic properties.Phonology:It studies the ways in which these sounds form patterns and systems and how they work to convey meaning in the system of language.Morphology: A field of linguistics focused on the study of the forms and formation of words in a language Syntax: A set of rules that govern how words are combined to form phrases and sentences.Pragmatics: the study of the use of language in a social context.2．language?The important characteristicssystematic, arbitrary and vocalFirst of all,language in a wrong way.3．1) Arbitrariness:2)Productivity:provides and forunderstanding novel messages.3) Duality:4)5)第二课1.语音学和音位学的研究中心有何不同?语音学家和音位学家哪一个更关心清晰音的区别?为什么?Phonetics — description of all speech sounds and their find differences.Phonology — description of sound systems of particular languages and how sounds function to distinguish meaning.A phonetician would be more interested in such differences cos such differences will not cos differences inmeaning.2. What is phone? How is it different from a phoneme? how are allophones related to a phoneme?Phone is a phonetic unit, it has no meaning.Phoneme is a phonological unit with distinctive value .The phoneme /l/ can be realized as dark/l-/and clear/l/,which are allophones of the phoneme /l/Allophones---actual realization of a phoneme in different phonetic contexts.第三课1. Think of three morpheme suffixes, give their meaning and specify the types of stem they may be suffixed to. Give at least two examples of each.Suffix: -ingMeaning: denoting a verbal action, an instance of this, or its resultStem type: added to verbsExamples: fighting: denote the action of battlebuilding: denote the action of constructionSuffix: -ableMeaning: able to beStem type: added to verbsExamples: avoidable: able to be prevented fromSuffix: -ist2. Think of three morpheme be1)prefix: un-meaning:once more; afresh; anewstem type: added to verbsexamples: restart: start once morereaccustom: accustom (someone) to something again第五课1. What are the major types of synonyms in English?并举例1)dialectal synonyms-----synonyms used in different regional2)Stylistic synonyms: synonyms differing in style3)Synonyms that differ in their emotive or evaluative meaning4)Collocational synonyms: what words they go together with5)Semantically different synonyms: differ from the words themselves2. Explain with examples “homonymy”, “polysemy”, and “hyponymy”.Homonymy: Homonymy refers to the phenomenon that words having different meanings have the same form, i.e., different words are identical in sound or spelling, or in both. When two words are identical in sound, they are homophones. When two words are identical in spelling, they are homographs. When tow words are identical in both sound and spelling, they are complete homonyms. The examples are as followed:Homophones: rain/reign night/knight piece/peaceHomographs: bow v./bow n. tear v./tear n.Complete homonyms: fast adj./fast v.Polysemy: while different words may have the same or similar meaning, the same one word may have more than one meaning. This is what we call polysemy, and such a word is called a polysemic word. The1.2.3.4.5.6.Hyponymyare called its hyponyms. For example,第六课答：way to have a successful communication, the speaker and hearer must take the context so as to effect the right meaning and intention. The development andand 1970s resulted mainly from the expansion of the study semantics.traditional semantics. The major difference between them lies in thattakes context into consideration while semantics does not. Pragmatics takes care of the aspect of meaning that is not accounted for by semantics.2. What are the five types of illocutionary speech acts Searle has specified? What is the illocutionary point of each type?答：(1) representatives: stating or describing, saying what the speaker believes to be true(2) directives: trying to get the hearer to do something(3) commissives: committing the speaker himself to some future course of action(4) expressives: expressing feelings or attitude towards an existing(5) declarations: bringing about immediate changes by saying somethingThe illocutionary point of the representatives is to commit the speaker to something's being the case, tothe truth of what has been said, in other words, when performing an illocutionary act of representative, the speaker is making a statement or giving a description which he himself believes to be true. Stating, believing, sweating, hypothesizing are among the most typical of the representatives.Directives ate attempts by the speaker to get the hearer to do some- thing. Inviting, suggesting, requesting, advising, wanting, threatening and ordering are all specific instances of this class.Commissives are those illocutionary acts whose point is to commit the speaker to some future course of action, i.e. when speaking the speaker puts himself under a certain obligation. Promising, undertaking, vowing are the most typical ones.The illocutionary point of expressives is to express the psychological state specified in the utterance. The speaker is expressing his feelings or attitudes towards an existing state of affairs, e.g. apologizing, thanking, congratulating.The last class “declarations” has the characteristic that the successful performance of an act of this type答：Make your conversational(1) The maxim of quantity①②(2) The maxim of quality①②(3) The maxim of relationBe relevant.①②③④(】。
专业英语复习资料
专业英语复习资料1. 专业词语互译：〔考其中20个〕2. 英译中：〔考其中5句〕1.It is important for a novice designer to understand the fact that beautiful and practi cal design solutions don’t appear out of thin air like magic.2.The design process is a framework of steps, incorporating both rational and intuitive phrases, that aid the designer to organize his/her work, thoughts, and feelings in an effort to produce the best design solution possible.3.The purpose of a foundation is to carry the load of a structure and spread it over a greater area, evenly and without undue settlement, to the ground beneath.4.A foundation normally consists of either plain or reinforced concrete, which should be laid sufficiently below the ground frost level to avoid the possible danger of frozen soil lifting it.5.Precast concrete blocks are made by pouring unset concrete into a mold and allowing it to harden.6.Solid walling is generally constructed of either bricks, precast concrete blocks or in-situ concrete.7.Solid ground floors are neatly always of concrete laid on hardcore beds and are reinforced with mesh reinforcement.8.The inclusion of reinforced beams in a reinforced concrete floor adds to its strength and loading capacity.9.The main advantages of flat roofs are that they are comparatively simple to construct and generally less costly than pitched roofs.10.I n the design of pitched roofs, one of the most important factors is the degree of the pitch or slope, which depends mainly on the material used to cover the roofs.11.T he disruption of road and real traffic, so often experienced when a flyover, an underpass or a service is being constructed, can be minimized in those constructions incorporating prefabrication.12.T he main advantage of factory industrialized building is that the prefabricated units can be produced to a very high standard of precision and a consistently high quality.13.T here remains very little in the world of building and civil engineering that cannot be constructed effectively and attractively by means of prefabricated units.14.T he inability of existing road systems of large towns to cope with modern traffic requirements has made tunnel construction a proposition well worth serious consideration.15.M odern equipment and ingenuity have enabled the construction of tunnels to be far less laborious than hitherto.16.T he ability of roads to enable traffic to flow freely and safely between the industrial and commercial centres contributes enormously towards a progressive economy.17.A ccording to Leonhardt, the composite concrete deck is also economical for triple-span cable-stayed suspension bridge, but only for those with a center span of up to 700 meters.18.I n planning the layout of drains (normally regarded as pipes serving one building) or sewers ( pipes serving more than one building), the pipes should, wherever possible, fall with the ground contours, so that the excavation is kept to a minimum.阅读理解〔考其中三段，题型为判断题以及单项选择题〕：Passage One: Structural DesignIn structural engineering, structural design is an iterative process of applying engineering mechanics and past experience to create a functional, economic, and, most importantly, safe structure for the public to inhabit or to use. Using structural analysis techniques and conforming to design specifications and the local design codes, the structural design engineer works to create a solution that is to everyone's benefit.Structural design is an expression of an understanding of the flow of forces. The distribution of forces is initially understood diagramatically and mathematically. Based on this scientific understanding, sketches of members and connections are developed. Structural design which is highly expressive of the flow of forces is also associated with modern architectural design.Structural design includes accommodation for the practicalities of construction, including on site assembly, shop assembled components, accessibility, and maintenance.Passage Two: Deep FoundationA deep foundation is a type of foundation distinguished from shallow foundations by the depth they are embedded into the ground. There are many reasons a geotechnical engineer would recommend a deep foundation over a shallow foundation, but some of the common reasons are very large design loads, a poor soil at shallow depth, or site constraints (like property lines). There are different terms used to describe different types of deep foundations including piles, drilled shafts, caissons, and piers. The naming conventions may vary between engineering disciplines and firms. Deep foundations can be made out of timber, steel, reinforced concrete and pre-tensioned concrete. Deep foundations can be installed by either driving them into the ground or drilling a shaft and filling it with concrete, mass or reinforced.Passage Three: Load-bearing wallA load-bearing wall or bearing wall, is one in which a wall of a structure bears the weight and force resting upon it, conducting the vertical load from the upper structure to the foundation.A bearing wall is opposed to a curtain wall, which uses the strength of a sub-wall to bear the weight of the curtain such as the brick facade on a skyscraper, and superstructure, usually a steel frame, to carry the weight of the floors and walls inside the curtain walls protection. The materials most often used to construct load-bearing walls in large buildings are concrete, block, or brick.Passage Four: Floor numberingIn most of continental Europe, as well as the British Isles and much of the Commonwealth and Latin America, the floor at the ground level is the ground floor and the floor above is the first floor, which maintains the continental European use that dates from the days of the construction of palaces.In North American usage (with certain exceptions in Quebec),however, the floor at the ground level is usually, but not always, the first floor and the floor above is the second floor; this system is also used in Russia, parts of Scandinavia outside Denmark and some countries of the former Soviet Union or Eastern bloc.China, Taiwan, and Japan follow the American system, except that the numbers used are cardinals ("1F, 2F") rather than ordinals ("1st/2nd fl." or "fl. 1/2").Passage Five: Pavement engineeringPavement engineering is a branch of civil engineering that uses engineering techniques to design and maintain flexible (asphalt) and rigid (concrete) pavements. This includes streets and highways and involves knowledge of soils, hydraulics, and material properties. Pavement engineering involves new construction as well as rehabilitation and maintenance of existing pavements. Maintenance often involves using engineering judgment to make maintenance repairs with the highest long-term benefit and lowest cost. The Pavement Condition Index (PCI) is an example of an engineering approach applied to existing pavements. Another example is the use of a falling weight deflectometer (FWD) to non-destructively test existing pavements. Calculation of pavement layer strengths can be performed from the resulting deflection data.Passage Six:. PrefabricationPrefabrication is the practice of assembling components of a structure in a factory or other manufacturing site, and transporting complete assemblies or sub-assemblies to the construction site where the structure is to be located. The term is used to distinguish this process from the more conventional construction practice of transporting the basic materials to the construction site where all assembly is carried out.The term prefabrication also applies to the manufacturing of things other than structures at a fixed site. It is frequently used when fabrication of a section of a machine or any movable structure is shifted from the main manufacturing site to another location, and the section is supplied assembled and ready to fit. It is not generally used to refer to electrical or electronic components of a machine, or mechanical parts such as pumps, gearboxes and compressors which are usually supplied as separate items, but to sections of the body of the machine which in the past were fabricated with the whole machine. Prefabricated parts of the body of the machine may be called 'sub-assemblies' to distinguish them from the other components.Passage Seven: Types of bridgesThere are six main types of bridges: beam bridges, cantilever bridges, arch bridges, suspension bridges, cable-stayed bridges and truss bridges:(1) Beam bridges are horizontal beams supported at each end by piers. Weight on top of the beam pushes straight down on the piers at either end of the bridge.(2) Cantilever bridges are built using cantilevers — horizontal beams that are supported on only one end. Most cantilever bridges use two cantilever arms extending from opposite sides of the obstacle to be crossed, meeting at the center.(3) Arch bridges are arch-shaped and have abutments at each end. The weight of the bridge is thrust into the abutments at either side.(4) Suspension bridges are suspended from cables. In modern bridges, the cables hang from towers that are attached to caissons or cofferdams. The caissons or cofferdams are implanted deep into the floor of a lake or river.(5) Like suspension bridges, cable-stayed bridges are held up by cables. However, in a cable-stayed bridge, less cable is required and the towers holding the cables are proportionately shorter.(6) Truss bridges are composed of connected elements. They have a solid deck and a lattice of pin-jointed girders for the sides.Passage Eight: Civil EngineeringCivil engineering is a professional engineering discipline that deals with the design, construction and maintenance of the physical and naturally built environment, including works such as bridges, roads, canals, dams and buildings.Civil engineering is the oldest engineering discipline after military engineering, and it was defined to distinguish it from military engineering. It is traditionally broken into several sub-disciplines including environmental engineering, geotechnical engineering, structural engineering, transportation engineering, water resources engineering, materials engineering, coastal engineering, surveying, and construction engineering. Civil engineering takes place on all levels: in the public sector from municipal through to federal levels, and in the private sector from individual homeowners through to international companies.Until modern times there was no clear distinction between civil engineering and architecture, and the term engineer and architect were mainly geographical variations referring to the same person, often used interchangeably. In the 18th century, the term civil engineering began to be used to and exchange, and in the construction of ports, harbours, moles, breakwaters and lighthouses, and in the art of distinguish it from military engineering.。
【精品】专业英语复习要点1.doc
Internet Explorer使你能在互联网找人,查询某个企业, 以及考试时间：90分试题总分：100分考试题型：选择题——30% （课内）完型题——30% （课内、课夕卜）阅读题--- 20 % （课外）判断题——20% （课内）复习要点：1.Windows 2000 provides you with quick and easy access to the Internet, no matter what programs you are running or tasks you are performing.不管正在运行何种程序或执行何种任务，Windows 2000使你能快速而方便地访问互联网。
2.Internet Explorer lets you search the Internet for people, business, and information about subjects that interest you.感兴趣的相关主题信息。
3.Encryption is the way to solve the data security problem. 加密术是解决数据安全问题的一种方法。
4.Almost all encryption schemes used in the Internet uses asymmetric key encryption for exchanging the symmetric encryption key, and symmetric encryption for better performance ・在互联网中几乎所有的加密方案都使用非对称密钥加密来交换对称加密密钥，然后使用对称密钥以得到更好的性能。
5.Since the advent（出现，到来）of the Internet and computer network security, many people have sought for firewall.由于互联网和计算机网络安全的出现，许多人都在寻找防火墙。
英语专业本科生综合教程第一册unit1词汇复习
Unit 1Never Say GoodbyeParagraphs 1-4Words and Expressions1. confront: vt.1) be faced with and have to deal withe.g.The actress was confronted by a large group of reporters as she left the stage door.Whenever we are confronted with any difficu lties, we shouldn ’t give up what we are doing.2) force to deal with or accept the truths of; bring face to face withe.g.When the police confronted her with the evidence, she confessed she was guilty.Collocations:be confronted withconfront sb. with sth.Synonyms:encounter, face2. anguish: n. very great pain and suffering, esp. of the minde.g.Lear, a broken, confused old man, died in anguish.李尔王，这位身心交瘁、精神恍惚的老人在痛苦中死去。
Derivations:anguished: adj .anguish: vt.Synonyms:pain, suffering3. gracefully: adv.1) in an attractively and effortlessly fine and smooth mannere.g. Already in her fifties, she danced gracefully on the stage last night, attracting a largeaudience.The figure skater glided gracefully on the ice.花样滑冰者在冰上优雅地滑行。
通信专业英语复习要点
通信专业英语复习要点一、翻译下列短语：1.汉译英：公众电信网 public telecommunication network 数据流量 data traffic音频电路交换接点电话用户 telephone subscriber 全球通信 global communications传输媒体 transmission medium 接口设备开放网络Open network语音编码 voice encoding光源 light source 宽带用户 wideband subscriber单模光纤波分复用通信卫星 communication satellite 信息安全 information security定时信号地下电缆数据终端 data terminals电子邮件 electric mail 远程终端 remote terminal网络资源 network resource 用户界面无线信道点播业务on-demand services数字信号视频压缩全活动图像 motion picture 存储电话交换台寻呼业务单向通信移动电话网 mobile telephone network 无线发射机模拟方式短消息服务 short message service 国际漫游 international roaming通信标准 communication standards 基站2. 英译汉：national networks 国家网络local loop本地环路full-duplex connection 全双工的连接transmission facilities传输设备high-usage trunks 高效中继线pulse code modulation 脉码调制digital communication 数字通信bandwidth limitations 带宽限制the integrated digital networkexperimental technologySome type of data conversion equipment 某些类型的数据转换设备？Coding process in the data transmitterTransmission impairmentsMagnetic core memories 磁心存储器Long distance transmission 长途传输Commercial technology 商用技术Optical fibre communicationMultifibre connectorsInformation capacity 信息容量Broadband service 广播业务Digital signal processorhigh definition television 高清晰电视Colour monitor 彩色显示器hard disk storage 硬盘存储Interactive environment 交互环境network facilities resourcesElectronic conferencesworld wide webSearching tool 搜索工具live conversation 实时对话means to communicatethe called personthe paging systems using wireless transmissionglobal coverageuser terminaltime division multiple accessmarket growth 市场的发展the cost and quality of the linksubscriber register 用户寄存器digital signal processor 数字信号处理器hard disk storage 硬盘存储二、将下列短文译成中文：The fixed telephone service is global and the interconnection varies from coaxial cable to optical fibre and satellite. The national standards are different, but with common interfaces and interface conversion, interconnection can take place. For mobile the problem is far more complex, with the need to roam creating a need for complex networks and systems.国家电话业务是全球性的，系统的相互连接采用同轴电缆、光纤甚至卫星，虽然全国标准不同，但却采用共同的接口装置，使得相互连接可以进行，对移动通信来说，问题更加复杂，这是由于需要漫游业务就要有更复杂网络系统。
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考试时间：90分试题总分：100分考试题型：选择题——30％（课内）完型题——30％（课内、课外）阅读题——20％(课外)判断题——20％（课内）复习要点：1. Windows 2000 provides you with quick and easy access to the Internet, no matter what programs you are running or tasks you are performing.不管正在运行何种程序或执行何种任务，Windows 2000使你能快速而方便地访问互联网。
2. Internet Explorer lets you search the Internet for people, business, and information about subjects that interest you. Internet Explorer使你能在互联网找人，查询某个企业，以及感兴趣的相关主题信息。
3. Encryption is the way to solve the data security problem.加密术是解决数据安全问题的一种方法。
4. Almost all encryption schemes used in the Internet uses asymmetric key encryption for exchanging the symmetric encryption key, and symmetric encryption for better performance.在互联网中几乎所有的加密方案都使用非对称密钥加密来交换对称加密密钥，然后使用对称密钥以得到更好的性能。
5. Since the advent(出现，到来) of the Internet and computer network security, many people have sought for firewall.由于互联网和计算机网络安全的出现，许多人都在寻找防火墙。
6. In other words, these protocols provide nearly all services available to today’s Netsurfer.这就是说，这些协议为网上冲浪者提供了几乎所有可利用的服务。
7. Network-1evel protocols manage the discrete mechanics of data transfer.网络层协议管理数据传输的离散结构。
8. TCP/IP refers to a collection of protocols that facilitate （促进）communication between machines over the Internet.TCP/IP是一组协议的集合，这些协议促进了互联网上多台计算机间的通信。
9. One can quickly and easily create a heterogeneous network using TCP/IP.使用TCP/IP可以轻而易举的创建一个异构网络。
10. Electronic commerce is an emerging（新出现）model of selling and merchandising tools in which buyers are able to participate in all phases of a purchase decision.电子商务是一种新型的商品买卖和交易方式，它可以使买方参与到购买决策的各个阶段。
11. They step through their business processes electronically rather than in a physical store or by phone.买方通过电子数据经营整个商务过程而不是通过商店或电话的方式。
12. In this case, for B2B (business-to-business), it is the procedure of signing contracts, completing the necessarycommercial invoice exchange.作为B2B（商家到商家）来说，这一阶段是签订合同、完成必需的商贸票据的交换过程。
13. Multimedia means that computer information can be represented through audio, graphics, images, video, and animation in addition to（除。
之外）traditional media, such as texts and drawings.多媒体意味着除了运用传统的媒体，如文本、图画外，还可以通过音频、图片、视频、动画来展示计算机信息。
14. When a laser beam shines across the dips, the reflected distortion represents the data.当激光束扫射这些凹坑，反射光的失真程度就代表了数据。
15. An audio (sound) wave is a one-dimensional acoustic（声音的，听觉的）(pressure) wave.声波(声音)是一维声学（气压）波。
16. Audio waves can be converted to digital form by an ADC (analog digital converter).声波可通过模拟数字转换器转换为数字形式。
17. The representation, processing, storage, and transmission of such audio signals are a major part of the study of multimedia systems.这些信号的表达，处理，存储和转换是多媒体系统研究的主要部分。
18. Computer viruses are executable programs that are deliberately designed to attack computers.计算机病毒是认为设计的、故意袭击计算机的可执行程序。
19. A virus program is able to replicate itself.病毒程序能够自我复制。
20. Items and images on the computer screen are distorted。
计算机屏幕上的内容和图像发生扭曲。
21. Once the computer is infected, the best way to rescue it is to buy a good anti-virus software package such as Norton or McAfee and keep installing the latest updates.一旦计算机被病毒感染，最好的挽救办法是购买杀毒软件包如Norton或McAfee并安装设置及时更新系统。
22. Get the latest patches and updates for your operating system.为你的操作系统获取最新补丁和更新材料。
23. The “Services” part of Web Services is indicative（标示，指示）of the nature of application communications.A. subroutineB. functionC. procedureD. service-oriented （服务主导）24. An ISP supplies a that you can dial（拨号）from your computer to log on the Internet server.A. public keyB. private keyC. service numberD. help file25. With Internet Explorer and Internet connection, you can search for and view information on the .A. Active DesktopB. ProgramsC. Phone DialerD. World Wide Web26. To open Internet Explorer, just click Start, point to ,and then click Internet Explorer.A. ProgramsB. ViewC. LayoutD. Control Panel27. We get up-to-data information through web and we do shopping in the .A. supermarketB. groceryC. cybermarket（网络市场）D. book store28. For , there is a pair of keys for each party: a public key and a private key.A. asymmetric key encryptionB. symmetric key encryptionC. firewallD. digital certificate29. A good firewall demands a new generation of super speed devices that can handle easily packets on each port every second.A. 5.2 millionB. 3.3 millionC. 9.6 millionD. 1.5 million30. The firewall device is a for connecting network to other computer network.A. computer systemB. security systemC. communicate systemD. file system判断题：T 1. Web Service interfaces are defined using XML in the form of a “schema”.F 2. Web Service technology does not support increasedoperational efficiencies and improved service.T 3. Windows 2000 provides you with quick and easy access to the Internet.F 4. People can only use the ISP to connect Internet.T 5. Windows 2000 can help you send E-mail and a fax.F 6. Communication links could not be established through a phone line.T7. For information about using Internet Explorer, click theHelp menu in Internet Explorer.F8. Symmetric key encryption and asymmetric key encryption are almost the same.F9. The most people use Internet, the more problems about the network.T10. Asymmetric key encryption is the way to solve the data security problem.T11. The advantage of using symmetric key encryption lies in its fast encryption and decryption processes.F12. The constant（始终如一的）threat of the “hacker” and “cracker” has been so acknowledged（公认的）.F13. Firewalls could operate on the network operating systems of today and tomorrow, but they could not use the present and newly developed client operating systems.T14. The firewall can offer great “wire speeds”within thefirewall.T15. In September 1995, Pierre Omidyar founded the online auction conglomerate known as ebay, which is a virtual marketplace.F16. The aim of creating ebay is to sell products to people who need.F17. At the outset, ebay cannot attract people’s eyeballs.T18. It is free of charge for sellers to browse and bid on auction on ebay, but when they sell their goods on ebay, the transaction fees are charged.F19. Once the auction（拍卖）is completed, a nonrefundable insertion fee is charged, generally ranging from 1.25% to 5% of the final sale price.T20. Ebay has pioneered and internationalized automated online person-to-person auctioning.T21. Multimedia has the capacity to deliver information in many different ways and allow users to use them as theylike.T22. Multimedia has a special meaning in education because of their storage and delivery capabilities.F23. Multimedia can only provide ordinary computerized materials.T24. Interactive multimedia programs enable users to manipulate the materials by linking, sorting, searching and annotating.F25. Personalization or individualization of the learning experience is not the characteristic of multimedia.F26. Multimedia will replace the print materials in theclassroom in the future.T27. The computer viruses can destroy the workstations andnetworks by replicating themselves and bring about great lossesto business.T28. Eran Shir and his colleagues have proposed a new wayof fighting against computer viruses, which takes a virus to stopa virus.F29. Firewalls and other sorts of anti-virus software, as thefirst line of defense, can identify and stop unknown viruses.F 30. The vaccine（疫苗）that overtakes the virus can be createdeasily in a biological experiment.T31. A honey pot would automatically identify a new virus, extract its signature and pass this information to other honey pots using the overlying network.F32. The new way of taking a virus to stop a virus would become more ineffective as the greater number of computers were linked to a network.1. Network managers have long (1) practical voice-over-IP (VOIP) solutions. VOIP (2) to ease network management and decreases costs by converging at a company’s telephony and data infrastructures into one network. And a VOIP solution implemented at a company’s headquarters with far-reaching branch offices can (3) tremendous amounts of (4) in long-distance phone bills, provided that solution delivers POTS-like voice (5) over the Internet.(1) A. await B. awaited（被期待很久的） C. awaiting D. awaits(2) A. promise B. promised C. promises D. promising(3) A. get B. put C. save D. waste(4) A. cash B. money C. space D. time(5) A. frequency B. length C. quality D. quantity网络管理者很久之前就等待着实用的(practical)VOIP解决方案的出现。