2000年1月大学英语六级考试试题及参考答案
2000年1月大学英语六级考试试题及参考答案我爱英语网 PartⅠListening Comprehension (20 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear 10 short conversations. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the question will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During (he pause, you must read the four choices marked A), B), C) and D), and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre.Example: You will hear:You will read: A) 2 hours. B) 3 hours.C) 4 hours. D) 5 hours.From the conversation we know that the two are talking about some work they will start at 9 o'clock in the morning and have to finish at 2 in the afternoon. Therefore. D) “5 hours”is the correct answer. You should choose ［D］on the Answer Sheet and mark it with a single line trough the centre.Sample Answer ［A］［B］［C］［D］1. A) To cancel his trip. B) To go to bed early.C) To catch a later flight. D) To ask for a wake - up call.2. A) They have different opinions as to what to do next.B) They have to pay for the house by installments.C) They will fix a telephone in the bathroom.D) The man's attitude is more sensible than the woman's.3. A) She will save the stamps for the man's sister.B) She will no longer get letters from Canada.C) She can't give the stamps to the man's sister.D) She has given the stamps to the man's roommates.4. A) Visiting the Brownings. B) Writing a postcard.C) Looking for a postcard. D) Filling in a form.5. A) The man should work with somebody else.B) The man should meet his partner's needs.C) They should come to a compromise.D) They should find a better lab for the project.6. A) She can't finish her assignment, either.B) She can't afford a computer right now.C) The man can use her computer.D) The man should buy a computer right away.7. A) The visiting economist has given several lectures.B) The guest lecturer's opinion is different from Dr. Johnson's.C) Dr. Johnson and the guest speaker were schoolmates.D) Dr. Johnson invited the economist to visit their college.8. A) She's never watched a better game.B) Football is - her favorite pastime.C) The game has been canceled.D) Their team played very badly.9. A) The man should stick to what he's doing.B) The man should take up a new hobby.C) The man should stop playing tennis.D) The man should find the cause for his failure.10. A) An invented story. B) A real life experience.C) An imaginary situation. D) A terrible nightmare.Section BDirections: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre. Passage 1Questions 11 to 13 are based on the passage you have just heard.11.A) The name of a German town; B) A resident of Frankfurt.C) A kind of German sausage. D) A kind of German bread.12.A) He sold fast food. B) He raised dogs.C) He was A cook. D) He was a Cartoonist.13.A) Because the Americans found they were from Germany.B) Because people thought they contained dog meat.C) Because people had to get used to their taste.D) Because it was too hot to eat right away.Passage 2Questions 14 to 16 are based on the passage you have just heard.14.A) They give out faint cries. B) They make noises to drive away insects.C) They extend their water pipes D) They become elastic like rubber bands.15.A) Quiet plants. B) Well - watered plants.C) Healthy plants. D) Thirsty plants.16.A) They could drive the insects away.B) They could keep the plants well - watered.C) They could make the plants grow faster.D) They could build devices to trap insects.Passage 3Questions 17 to 20 are based on the passage you have just heard.17.A) To look for a different lifestyle. B) To enjoy themselves.C) For adventure. D) For education.18.A) There are 200 vehicles for every kilometer of roadway.B) It has a dense population.C) There are many museums and palaces.D) It has many towering buildings.19.A) It is a city of contrasts.B) It possesses many historical sites.C) It is an important industrial center.D) It has many big and beautiful parks.20.A) It helps develop our personalities.B) It enables us to acquire first - hand knowledge.C) It makes our life more interesting.D) It brings about changes in our lifestyle.PartⅡReading Comprehension (35 minutes)Directions: There are 4 reading passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line trough the centre. Questions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage:In the world of entertainment, TV talk shows have undoubtedly flooded every inch of space on daytime television. And anyone who watches them regularly knows that each one varies in style and format. But no two shows are more profoundly opposite in content, while at the same time standing out above the rest, than the Jerry Springer and the Oprah Winfrey shows.Jerry Springer could easily be considered the king of "trash talk(废话)". The topics on his show are as shocking as shocking can be. For example, the show takes the ever - common talk show themes of love, sex, cheating, guilt, hate, conflict and morality to a different level. Clearly, the Jerry Springer show is a display and exploitation of society's moral catastrophes (灾难),yet people are willing to eat up the intriguing predicaments(困境) of other people's lives.Like Jerry Springer, Oprah Winfrey takes TV talk show to its extreme, but Oprah goes in the opposite direction. The show focuses on the improvement of society and an individual's quality of life. Topics range from teaching your children responsibility, managing your work week, to getting to know your neighbors.Compared to Oprah, the Jerry Springer show looks like poisonous waste being dumped on society. Jerry ends every show with a “final word”. He makes a small speech that sums up the entire moral of the show. Hopefully, this is the part where most peopl e will learn something very valuable.Clean as it is, the Oprah show is not for everyone. The show's main target audience are middle - class Americans. Most of these people have the time. money, and stability to deal with life's tougher problems. Jerry Springer, on the other hand, has more of an association with the young adults of society. These are 18 - to 21 - year - olds whose main troubles in life involve love, relationship, sex, money and peers. They are the ones who see some value and lessons to be learned underneath the show'sexploitation.While the two shows are as different as night and day. both have ruled the talk show circuit for many years now. Each one caters to a different audience while both have a strong following from large groups of fans. Ironically, both could also be consider ed pioneers in the talk show world.pared with other TV talk shows, both the Jerry Springer and the OprahWinfrey are______.A) more family - oriented B) unusually popularC) more profound D) relatively formal22.Though the social problems Jerry Springer talks about appear distasteful, theaudience______.A) remain fascinated by them B) are ready to face up to themC) remain indifferent to them D) are willing to get involved in them23.Which of the following is likely to be a topic of the Oprah Winfrey show?A) A new type of robot. B) Racist hatred.C) Family budget planning. D) Street violence.24.Despite their different approaches, the two talk shows are both________.A) ironical B) sensitiveC) instructive D) cynical25.We can learn from the passage that the two talk shows_______.A) have monopolized the talk show circuitB) exploit the weaknesses in human natureC) appear at different times of the dayD) are targeted at different audiencesQuestions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage:To understand the marketing concept, it is only necessary to understand the difference between marketing and selling. Not too many years ago, most industries concentrated primarily on the effic ient production of goods, and then relied on "persuasive salesmanship" to move as much of these goods as possible. Such production and selling focuses on the needs of the seller to produce goods and then convert them into money.Marketing, on the other hand, focuses on the wants of consumers. It begins with first analyzing the preferences and demands of consumers and then producing goods that will satisfy them. This eye - on - the - consumer approach is known as the marketing concept, which simply means that instead of trying to sell whatever is easiest to produce or buy for resale, the makers and dealers first endeavor to find out what the consumer wants to buy and then go about making it available for purchase.This concept does not imply that business is benevolent(慈善的)or that consumer satisfaction is given priority over profit in a company. There are always two sides to every business transaction - the firm and the customer -and each must be satisfied before trade occurs. Successful merchants and producers, however, recognize that the surest route to profit is through understanding and catering to customers. A striking example of the importance of catering to the consumer presented itself in mid - 1985, when Coca Cola changed the flavor of its drink. The non - acceptance of the new flavor by a significant portion of the public brought about a prompt restoration of the Classic Coke, which was then marketed alongside the new. King Customer ruled!26.The marketing concept discussed in the passage is, in essence,_______.A) the practice of turning goods into moneyB) making goods available for purchaseC) the customer - centred approachD) a form of persuasive salesmanship27.What was the main concern of industrialists before the marketing concept waswidely accepted?A) The needs of the market. B) The efficiency of production.C) The satisfaction of the user. D) The preferences o f the dealer. 28.According to the passage, “to move as much of these goods as possible” (Lines3 -4 ), Para. I) means “_______”.A) to sell the largest possible amount of goodsB) to transport goods as efficiently as possibleC) to dispose of these goods in large quantitiesD) to redesign these goods for large - scale production29.What does the restoration of the Classic Coke best illustrate?A) Traditional goods have a stronger appeal to the majority of people.B) It takes time for a new product to be accepted by the public.C) Consumers with conservative tastes are often difficult to please.D) Products must be designed to suit the taste of the consumer.30.In discussing the marketing concept, the author focuses on_______.A) its main characteristic B) its social impactC) its possible consequence D) its theoretical basisQuestions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage:Conventional wisdom about conflict seems pretty much cut and dried. Too little conflict breeds apathy (冷漠) and stagnation (呆滞). Too much conflict leads to divisiveness (分裂) and hostility. Moderate levels of conflict, however, can spark creativity and motivate people in a healthy and competitive way.Recent research by Professor Charles R. Schwenk, however, suggests that the optimal level of conflict may be more complex to determine than these simple generalizations. He studied perceptions of conflict among a sample of executives. Some of the executives worked for profit-seeking organizations and others for not - for - profit organizations.Somewhat surprisingly, Schwenk found that opinions about conflict varied systematically as a function of the type of organization. Specifically, managers in not - for - profit organizations strongly believed that conflict was beneficial to their organizations and that it promoted higher quality decision making than might be achieved in the absence of conflict.Managers of for - profit organizations saw a different picture. They believed that conflict generally was damaging and usually led to poor - quality decision making in their organizations. Schwenk interpreted these results in terms of the criteria for effective decision making suggested by the executives. In the profit - seeking organizations, decision - making effectiveness was most often assessed in financial terms. The executives believed that consensus rather than conflict enhanced financial indicators.In the not - for - profit organizations, decision - making effectiveness was defined from the perspective of satisfying constituents. Given the complexities and ambiguities associated with satisfying many diverse constituents executives perceived that conflic t led to more considered and acceptable decisions.31.In the eyes of the author, conventional opinion on conflict is________.A) wrong B) oversimplifiedC) misleading D) unclear32.Professor Charles R. Schwenk's research shows________.A) the advantages and disadvantages of conflictB) the real value of conflictC) the difficulty in determining the optimal level of conflictD) the complexity of defining the roles of conflict33.We can learn from Schwenk's research that________.A) a person1s view of conflict is influenced by the purpose of his organizationB) conflict is necessary for managers of for - profit organizationsC) different people resolve conflicts in different waysD) it is impossible for people to avoid conflict34.The passage suggests that in for - profit organizations_______.A) there is no end of conflictB) expression of different opinions is encouragedC) decisions must be justifiableD) success lies in general agreement35.People working in a not - for - profit organization________.A) seem to be difficult to satisfyB) are free to express diverse opinionsC) are less effective in making decisionsD) find it easier to reach agreementQuestions 36 to 40 are based on the following passage:Imagine eating everything delicious you want - with none of the fat. That would be great, wouldn't it?New “fake fat” products appeared on store shelves in the United States recently, but not everyone is happy about it. Makers of the products, which contain a compound called olestra, say food manufacturers can now eliminate fat from certain foods. Critics, however, say the new compound can rob the body of essential vitamins and nutrients (营养物) and can also cause unpleasant side effects in some people. So it's up to decide whether the new fat-free products taste good enough to keep eating.Chemists discovered olestra in the late 1960s, when they were searching for a fat that could be digested by infants more easily. Instead of finding the desired fat, the researchers created a fat that can't be digested at all.Normally, special chemicals in the intestines (肠)“grab” molecules of regular fa t and break them down so they can be used by the body. A molecule of regular fat is made up of three molecule of substances called fatty acids.The fatty acids are absorbed by the intestines and bring with them the essential vitamins A, D, E, and K. When fat molecules are present in the intestines with any of those vitamins, the vitamins attach to the molecules and are carried into the bloodstream. Olestra, which is made from six to eight molecules of fatty acids, is too large for the intestines to absorb. It just slides through theintestines without being broken down. Manufacturers say it's that ability to slide unchanged through the intestines that makes olestra so valuable as a fat substitute. It provides consumers with the taste of regular fat without any bad effects on the body. But critics say olestra can prevent vitamins A, D, E, and K from being absorbed. It can also prevent the absorption of carotenoids (类胡萝卜素), compounds that may reduce the risk of cancer, heart disease, etc.Manufacturers are adding vitamins A, D, E, and K as well as carotenoids to their products now. Even so, some nutritionists ar e still concerned that people might eat unlimited amounts of food made with the fat substitute without worrying about how many calories they are consuming.36. We learn from the passage that olestra is a substance that_______.A) contains plenty of nutrientsB) renders foods calorie - free while retaining their vitaminsC) makes foods easily digestibleD) makes foods fat - free while keeping them delicious37.The result of the search for an easily digestible fat turned out to be_______.A) commercially useless B) just as anticipatedC) somewhat controversial D) quite unexpected38.Olestra is different from ordinary fats in that_______.A) it passes through the intestines without being absorbedB) it facilitates the absorption of vitamins by the bodyC) it helps reduce the incidence of heart diseaseD) it prevents excessive intake of vitamins39.What is a possible negative effect of olesira according to some critics?A) It may impair the digestive system.B) It may affect the overall fat intake.C) It may increase the risk of cancer.D) It may spoil the consumers' appetite.40.Why are nutritionists concerned about adding vitamins to olesira?A) It may lead to the over - consumption of vitamins.B) People may be induced to eat more than is necessary.C) The function of the intestines may be weakened.D) It may trigger a new wave of fake food production.PartⅢVocabulary （20 minutes）Directions: There are 30 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence th ere are four choices marked A), D), C) and D). Choose the ONE that best complete s the sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a si ngle line through the centre.41.The doctors don't _______ that he will live much longer.A) articulate B) antic ipate C) manifest D) monitor42.I suggest we put the scheme into effect, for it is quite_______.A) eligible B) sustainable C) probable D) feasible43.The old gentleman was a very ________ looking person, with grey hair and goldspectacles.A) respectful B) respected C) respective D) respectable44.This book is expected to _______ the best - seller lists.A) promote B) prevail C) dominate D) exemplify45.That part of the city has long been ________ for its street violence.A) notorious B) responsible C) historical D) illegal46.Under the guidance of their teacher, the pupils are building a model boat_______by steam.A) towed B) pressed C) tossed D) propelled47.Having finished their morning work, the clerks stood up behind their desks,________themselves.A) expanding B) stretching C) prolonging D) extending48.England's team, who are now superbly fit, will be doing their best next weekto ________ themselves for last year's defeat.A) revive B) retort C) revenge D) remedy49.If you want to get into that tunnel, you first have to _______ away all therocks.A) haul B) transfer C) repel D) dispose50.It took us only a few hours to _______the paper off all four walls.A) shear B) scrape C) stroke D) chip51.The famous scientist _______his success to hard work.A) imparted B) granted C) ascribed D) acknowledged52.It is difficult to _______of a plan to end poverty.A) speculate B) conceive C) ponder D) reckon53.Now the cheers and applause _______in a single sustained roar.A) mingled B) concentrated C) assembled D) permeated54.Improved consumer confidence is ________ to an economic recovery.A) crucial B) subordinate C) cumulative D) satisfactory55.Although the body is made up of many different tissues, these tissues are arranged in an _______ and orderly fashion.A) incredible B) intricate C) internal D) initial56.If you work under a car when repairing it, you often get very_______.A) waxy B) slippery C) sticky D) greasy57.The damage to his car was_______; therefore, he could repair it himself.A) considerable B) appreciable C) negligible D) invisible58.My sister is quite _______ and plans to get an M. A. degree within one year.A) aggressive B) enthusiastic C) considerate D) ambitious59.The manager tried to wave aside these issues as _______ details that would be settled later.A) versatile B) trivial C) preliminary D) alternate60.His_______was telling him that something was wrong.A) intuition B) hypothesis C) inspiration D) sentiment61.This book is about how these basic beliefs and values affect important _______ of American life.A) fashions B) frontiers C) facets D) formats62.Parents often faced the _______ between doing what they felt was good for the development of the child and what they could stand by way of undisciplined noise and destructiveness.A) paradox B) junction C) dilemma D) premise63.Clark felt that his _______ in one of the most dramatic medical experiments of all time was worth the suffering he underwent.A) apprehension B) appreciation C) presentation D) participation64.As one of the youngest professors in the university, Miss King is certainly on the ________ of a brilliant career.A) threshold B) edge C) porch D) course65.The_______lawyer made a great impression on the jury.A) protecting B) guarding C) defending D) shielding66.Very few people understood his lecture, the subject of which was very_______.A) dim B) obscure C) conspicuous D) intelligible67.This movie is not ________ for children to see: it contains too much violence and too many love scenes.A) profound B) valid C) decent D) upright68.The wood was so rotten that, when we pulled, it _______ into fragments.A) broke off B) broke away C) broke through D) broke up69.The detective and his assistant have begun to _______ the mysterious murder.A) come through B) look into C) make over D) see to70.Sadly, the Giant Panda is one of the many species now in danger of_______.A) extinction B) migration C) destruction D) extraction试卷二PartIV Error Correction (15 minutes)Until the very latest moment of his existence, man hasbeen bound to the planet on which he originated anddeveloped. Now he had the capability to leave that planet 71.________and move out into the universe to those worlds which he hasknown previously only directly. Men have explored parts of 72.________the moon, put spaceships in orbit around another planet andpossibly within the decade will land into another planet and 73.________explore it. Can we be too bold as to suggest that we may be 74.________able to colonize other planet within the not - too - distant 75.________future ? Some have advocated such a procedure as a solutionto the population problem. ship the excess people off to themoon. But we must keep in head the billions of dollars we 76.________might spend in carrying out the project. To maintain theearth's population at its present level. we would have toblast off into space 7,500 people every hour of every day ofthe year.Why are we spending so little money on space 77.________exploration ? Consider the great need for improving many 78.________aspects of the global environment, one is surely justified inhis concern for the money and resources that they are poured 79.________into the space exploration efforts. But perhaps we shouldlook at both sides of the coin before arriving hasty 80.________conclusions.PartV Writing （30 minutes）Directions: WT For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic How I Finance my College Education. You should write at least 120 words, and base your composition on the outline (given in Chinese) below:1.上大学的费用（tuition and fees ）可以通过多种途径解决。
2000年1月大学英语六级CET6真题及答案
2000年1月大学英语六级CET6真题及答案Part I Listening Comprehension (20 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear 10 short conversations. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the question will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A), B), C) and D), and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.Example: You will hear:You will read:A) 2 hours.B) 3 hours.C) 4 hours.D) 5 hours.From the conversation we know that the two were talking about some work they will start at 9 o’clock in the morning and have to finish at 2 in the afternoon. Therefore, D) “5 hours” is the correct answer. You should choose [D] on the Answer Sheet and mark it with a single line through the center.Sample Answer [A] [B] [C] [D]1. A) To cancel his trip.B) To go to bed early.C) To catch a later flight.D) To ask for a wake-up call.2. A) They have different opinions as to what to do next.B) They have to pay for the house by installments.C) They will fix a telephone in the bathroom.D) The man’s attitude is more sensible than the woman’s.3. A) Sh e will save the stamps for the man’s sister.B) She will no longer get letters from Canada.C) She can’t give the stamps to the man’s sister.D) She has given the stamps to the man’s roommates.4. A) Visiting the Brownings.B) Writing a postcard.C) Looking for a postcard.D) Filling in a form.5. A) The man should work with somebody else.B) The man should meet his partner’s needs.C) They should come to a compromise.D) They should find a better lab for the project.6. A) She can’t finish her assignment, either.B) She can’t afford a computer right now.C) The man can use her computer.D) The man should buy a computer right away.7. A) The visiting economist has given several lectures.B) The guest lecturer’s opinion is different from Dr. Johnson’s.C) Dr. Johnson and the guest speaker were schoolmates.D) Dr. Johnson invited the economist to visit their college.8. A) She’s never watched a better game.B) Football is her favorite pastime.C) The game has been canceled.D) Their team played very badly.9. A) The man should stick to what he’s doing.B) The man should take up a new hobby.C) The man should stop playing tennis.D) The man should find the cause for his failure.10. A) An invented story.B) A real life experience.C) An imaginary situation.D) A terrible nightmare.Section BDirections: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the endof each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.Passage oneQuestion 11 to 13 are based on the passage you have just heard.11. A) The name of a German town.B) A resident of Frankfurt.C) A kind of German sausage.D) A kind of German bread.12. A) He sold fast food.B) He raised dogs.C) He was a cook.D) He was a Cartoonist.13. A) Because the Americans found they were from Germany.B) Because people thought they contained dog meat.C) Because people had to get used to their taste.D) Because it was too hot to eat right away.Passage TwoQuestions 14 to 16 are based on the passage you have just heard.14. A) They give out faint cries.B) They made noises to drive away insects.C) They extend their water pipes.D) They become elastic like rubber bands.15. A) Quiet plants.B) Well-watered plants.C) Healthy plants.D) Thirsty plants.16. A) They could drive the insects away.B) They could keep the plants well-watered.C) They could make the plants grow faster.D) They could build devices to trap insects.Passage ThreeQuestions 17 to 20 are based on the passage you have just heard.17. A) To look for a different lifestyle.B) To enjoy themselves.C) For adventure.D) For education.18. A) There are 200 vehicles for every kilometer of roadway.B) It has a dense population.C) There are many museums and palaces.D) It has many towering buildings.19. A) It is a city of contrasts.B) It possesses many historical sites.C) It is an important industrial center.D) It has many big and beautiful parks.20. A) It helps develop our personalities.B) It enables us to acquire first-hand knowledge.C) It makes our life more interesting.D) It brings about changes in our lifestyle.Part II Reading Comprehension (35 minutes)Direction: There are 4 passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B) C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.Passage OneQuestions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage:In the world of entertainment, TV talk shows have undoubtedly flooded every inch of space on daytime television. And anyone who watches them regularly knows that each one varies in style and format. But no two shows are more profoundly opposite in content, while at the same time standing out above the rest, than the Jerry Springer and the Oprah Winfrey shows. Jerry Springer could easily be considered the king of “trash talk（废话）”. The topics on his show are as shocking as shocking can be. For example, the show takes the ever-common talk show themes of love, sex, cheating, guilt, hate, conflict and morality to a different level. Clearly, the Jerry Springer show is a display and exploitation of society’s moral catastrophes（灾难）, yet people are willing to eat up the intriguing predicaments（困境）of other people’s lives.Like Jerry Springer, Oprah Winfrey takes TV talk show to its extreme, but Oprah goes in the opposite direction. The show focuses on the improvement of society and an individual’s quality of life. Topics range from teaching your children responsibility, managing your work week, to getting to know your neighbors.Compared to Oprah, the Jerry Springer show looks like poisonous waste being dumped on society. Jerry ends every show with a “final word”. He makes a small speech that sums up the entire moral of the show. Hopefully, this is the part where most people will learn something very valuable. Clean as it is, the Oprah show is not for everyone. The show’s main target audience are middle-class Americans. Most of these people have the time. Money, and stability to deal with life’s tougher problems. Jerry Springer, on the other hand, has more of an association with the young adults of society. These are 18- to 21-year-olds whose main troubles in life involve love, relationship, sex, money and peers. They are the ones who see some val ue and lessons to be learned underneath the show’s exploitation. While the two shows are as different as night and day. Both have ruled the talk show circuit for many years now. Each one caters to a different audience while both have a strong following from large groups of fans. Ironically, both could also be considered pioneers in the talk show world.21. Compared with other TV talk shows, both the Jerry Springer and theOprah Winfrey are ________________.A) more family-orientedB) unusually popularC) more profoundD) relatively formal22. Though the social problems Jerry Springer talks about appear distasteful, the audience _________.A) remain fascinated by themB) are ready to face up to themC) remain indifferent to themD) are willing to get involved in them23. Which of the following is likely to be a topic of the Oprah Winfrey show?A) A new type of robot.B) Racist hatred.C) Family budget planning.D) Street violence.24. Despite their different approaches, the two talk shows are both ____________.A) ironicalB) sensitiveC) instructiveD) cynical25. We can learn from the passage that the two talk shows ___________.A) have monopolized the talk show circuitB) exploit the weaknesses in human natureC) appear at different times of the dayD) are targeted at different audiencesPassage TwoQuestions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage:To understand the marketing concept, it is only necessary to understand the difference between marketing and selling. Not too many years ago, most industries concentrated primarily on the efficient production of goods, and then relied on “persuasive salesmanship” to move as much of these goods as possible. Such production and selling focuses on the needs of the seller to produce goods and then convert them into money. Marketing, on the other hand, focuses on the wants of consumers. It begins with first analyzing the preferences and demands of consumers and then producing goods that will satisfy them. This eye-on-the-consumer approach is known as the marketing concept, which simply means that instead of trying to sell whatever is easiest to produce or buy for resale, the makers and dealers first endeavor to find out what the consumer wants to buy and then go about making it available for purchase.This concept does not imply that business is benevolent（慈善的）or that consumer satisfaction is given priority over profit in a company. There are always two sides to every business transaction – the firm and the customer – and each must be satisfied before trade occurs. Successful merchants and producers, however, recognize that the surest route to profit is through understanding and catering to customers. A striking example of the importance of catering to the consumer presented itself in mid-1985, when Coca Cola changed the flavor of its drink. Thenon-acceptance of the new flavor by a significant portion of the public brought about a prompt restoration of the Classic Coke, which was then marketed alongside the new King Customer ruled!26. The marketing concept discussed in the passage is, in essence,____________.A) the practice of turning goods into moneyB) making goods available for purchaseC) the customer-centred approachD) a form of persuasive salesmanship27. What was the main concern of industrialists before the marketing concept was widely accepted?A) The needs of the market.B) The efficiency of production.C) The satisfaction of the user.D) The preferences of the dealer.28. According to the passage, “to move as much of these goods as possible” (Lines 3-4, Pa ra. I) means “_______________”.A) to sell the largest possible amount of goodsB) to transport goods as efficiently as possibleC) to dispose of these goods in large quantitiesD) to redesign these goods for large-scale production29. What does the restoration of the Classic Coke best illustrate?A) Traditional goods have a stronger appeal to the majority of people.B) It takes time for a new product to be accepted by the public.C) Consumers with conservative tastes are often difficult to please.D) Products must be designed to suit the taste of the consumer.30. In discussing the marketing concept, the author focuses on ___________.A) its main characteristicB) its social impactC) its possible consequenceD) its theoretical basisPassage ThreeQuestions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage:Conventional wisdom about conflict seems pretty much cut and dried. Too little conflict breeds apathy（冷漠）and stagnation（呆滞）. Too much conflict leads to divisiveness（分裂） and hostility. Moderate levels of conflict, however, can spark creativity and motivate people in a healthy and competitive way.Recent research by Professor Charles R. Schwenk, however, suggests that the optimal level of conflict may be more complex to determine than these simple generalizations. He studied perceptions of conflict among a sample of executives. Some of the executives worked for profit-seeking organizations and others for not-for-profit organizations.Somewhat surprisingly, Schwenk found that opinions about conflict varied systematically as a function of the type of organization. Specifically, managers in not-for-profit organizations strongly believed that conflict was beneficial to their organizations and that it promoted higher quality decision making than might be achieved in the absence of conflict.Managers of for-profit organizations saw a different picture. They believed that conflict generally was damaging and usually led topoor-quality decision making in their organizations. Schwenk interpreted these results in terms of the criteria for effective decision making suggested by the executives. In the profit-seeking organizations, decision-making effectiveness was most often assessed in financial terms. The executives believed that consensus rather than conflict enhanced financial indicators.In the not-for-profit organizations, decision-making effectiveness was defined from the perspective of satisfying constituents. Given the complexities and ambiguities associated with satisfying many diverse constituents executives perceived that conflict led to more considered and acceptable decisions.31. In the eyes of the author, conventional opinion on conflict is___________.A) wrongB) oversimplifiedC) misleadingD) unclear32. Professor Charles R. Schwenk’s research shows _______________.A) the advantages and disadvantages of conflictB) the real value of conflictC) the difficulty in determining the optimal level of conflictD) the complexity of defining the roles of conflict33. We can learn from Schwenk’s research that ___________.A) a person’s view of conflict is influenced by the purpose of his organizationB) conflict is necessary for managers of for-profit organizationsC) different people resolve conflicts in different waysD) it is impossible for people to avoid conflict34. The passage suggests that in for-profit organizations ____________.A) there is no end of conflictB) expression of different opinions is encouragedC) decisions must be justifiableD) success lies in general agreement35. People working in a not-for-profit organization _____________.A) seem to be difficult to satisfyB) are free to express diverse opinionsC) are less effective in making decisionsD) find it easier to reach agreementPassage FourQuestions 36 to 40 are based on the following passage:Imagine eating everything delicious you want—with none of the fat. That would be great, wouldn’t it?New “fake fat” products appeared on store shelves in the United States recently, but not everyone is happy about it. Makers of the products, which contain a compound called olestra, say food manufacturers can now eliminate fat from certain foods. Critics, however, say the new compound can rob the body of essential vitamins and nutrients（营养物）and can also cause unpleasant side effects in some people. So it’s up t o consumers to decide whether the new fat-free products taste good enough to keep eating.Chemists discovered olestra in the late 1960s, when they were searching for a fat that could be digested by infants more easily. Instead of finding the desired fat, t he researchers created a fat that can’t be digested at all.Normally, special chemicals in the intestines（肠）“grab” molecules of regular fat and break them down so they can be used by the body. Amolecule of regular fat is made up of three molecule of substances called fatty acids.The fatty acids are absorbed by the intestines and bring with them the essential vitamins A, D, E, and K. When fat molecules are present in the intestines with any of those vitamins, the vitamins attach to the molecules and are carried into the bloodstream.Olestra, which is made from six to eight molecules of fatty acids, is too large for the intestines to absorb. It just slides through the intestines without being broken down. Manufacturers say it’s that ability to slide unchanged through the intestines that makes olestra so valuable as a fat substitute. It provides consumers with the taste of regular fat without any bad effects on the body. But critics say olestra can prevent vitamins A, D, E, and K from being absorbed. It can also prevent the absorption of carotenoids（类胡萝卜素）, compounds that may reduce the risk of cancer, heart disease, etc.Manufacturers are adding vitamins A, D, E, and K as well as carotenoids to their products now. Even so, some nutritionists are still concerned that people might eat unlimited amounts of food made with the fat substitute without worrying about how many calories they are consuming.36. We learn from the passage that olestra is a substance that______________.A) contains plenty of nutrientsB) renders foods calorie-free while retaining their vitaminsC) makes foods easily digestibleD) makes foods fat-free while keeping them delicious37. The result of the search for an easily digestible fat turned out to be ____________.A) commercially uselessB) just as anticipatedC) somewhat controversialD) quite unexpected38. Olestra is different from ordinary fats in that _____________.A) it passes through the intestines without being absorbedB) it facilitates the absorption of vitamins by the bodyC) it helps reduce the incidence of heart diseaseD) it prevents excessive intake of vitamins39. What is a possible negative effect of olestra according to some critics?A) It may impair the digestive system.B) It may affect the overall fat intake.C) It may increase the risk of cancer.D) It many spoil the consumers’ appetite.40. Why are nutritionists concerned about adding vitamins to olestra?A) It may lead to the over-consumption of vitamins.B) People may be induced to eat more than is necessary.C) The function of the intestines may be weakened.D) It may trigger a new wave of fake food production.Part III Vocabulary and Structure (20 minutes)Directions: There are 30 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Choose the ONE that best completes the sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.41. The doctors don’t ___________ that he will live much longer.A) articulate B) anticipateC) manifest D) monitor42. I suggest we put the scheme into effect, for it is quite ___________.A) eligible B) sustainableC) probable D) feasible43. The old gentleman was a very ______ looking person, with grey hair and gold spectacles.A) respectful B) respectedC) respective D) respectable44. This book is expected to ____________ the best-seller lists.A) promote B) prevailC) dominate D) exemplify45. That part of the city has long been ____________ for its street violence.A) notorious B) responsibleC) historical D) illegal46. Under the guidance of their teacher, the pupils are building a model boat _____ by steam.A) towed B) pressedC) tossed D) propelled47. Having finished their morning work, the clerks stood up behind their desks, ___________ themselves.A) expanding B) stretchingC) prolonging D) extending48. England’s team, who are now superbly fit, will be doing their best next week to _________ themselves for last year’s defeat.A) revive B) retortC) revenge D) remedy49. If you want to get into that tunnel, you first have to ____________ away all the rocks.A) haul B) transferC) repel D) dispose50. It took us only a few hours to ___________ the paper off all four walls.A) shear B) scrapeC) stroke D) chip51. The famous scientist ______________ his success to hard work.A) imparted B) grantedC) ascribed D) acknowledged52. It is difficult to _____________ of a plan to end poverty.A) speculate B) conceiveC) ponder D) reckon53. Now the cheers and applause ___________ in a single sustained roar.A) mingled B) concentratedC) assembled D) permeated54. Improved consumer confidence is _____________ to an economic recovery.A) crucial B) subordinateC) cumulative D) satisfactory55. Although the body is made up of many different tissues, these tissues are arranged in an _____________ and orderly fashion.A) incredible B) intricateC) internal D) initial56. If you work under a car when repairing it, you often get very____________.A) waxy B) slipperyC) sticky D) greasy57. The damage to his car was _______________; therefore, he could repair it himself.A) considerable B) appreciableC) negligible D) invisible58. My sister is quite ____________ and plans to get an M. A. degree within one year.A) aggressive B) enthusiasticC) considerate D) ambitious59. The manager tried to wave aside these issues as ______ details that would be settled later.A) versatile B) trivialC) preliminary D) alternate60. His ________________ was telling him that something was wrong.A) intuition B) hypothesisC) inspiration D) sentiment61. This book is about how these basic beliefs and values affect important ____ of American life.A) fashions B) frontiersC) facets D) formats62. Parents often faced the _____between doing what they felt was good for the development of the child and what they could stand by way ofundisciplined noise and destructiveness.A) paradox B) junctionC) dilemma D) premise63. Clark felt that his ______________ in one of the most dramatic medical experiments of all time was worth the suffering he underwent.A) apprehension B) appreciationC) presentation D) participation64. As one of the youngest professors in the university, Miss King is certainly on the _________ of a brilliant career.A) threshold B) edgeC) porch D) course65. The ___________ lawyer made a great impression on the jury.A) protecting B) guardingC) defending D) shielding66. Very few people understood his lecture, the subject of which was very __________.A) dim B) obscureC) conspicuous D) intelligible67. This movie is not ______________ for children to see: it contains too much violence and too many love scenes.A) profound B) validC) decent D) upright68. The wood was so rotten that, when we pulled, it ______________ into fragments.A) broke off B) broke awayC) broke through D) broke up69. The detective and his assistant have begun to ____________ the mysterious murder.A) come through B) look intoC) make over D) see to70. Sadly, the Giant Panda is one of the many species now in danger of ____________.A) extinction B) migrationC) destruction D) extractionPart IV Error Correction (15 minutes)Directions: This part consists of a short passage. In this passage, there are altogether 10 mistakes, one in each numbered line. You may have to change a word, add a word or delete a word. Mark out the mistakes and put the corrections in the blanks provided. If you change a word, cross it out and write the correct word in the corresponding blank. If you add a word, put an insertion mark (∧) in the right place and write the missing word in the blank. If you delete a word, cross it out and put a slash (／) in the blank.Example:Television is rapidly becoming the literatures of our periods. 1. time/times/periodMany of the arguments having used for the study of literature 2. ／___________as a school subject are valid for ∧ study of television. 3. the___________Until the very latest moment of his existence, man has beenbound to the planet on which he originated and devel-oped. Now he had the capability to leave that planet and move 71.__________out into the universe to those worlds which he has knownpreviously only directly. Men have explored parts of the moon. 72.__________put spaceships in orbit around another planet and possibly within the decade will land into another planet and explore it. Can we be 73. __________too bold as to suggest that we may be able to colonize other 74. __________ planet within the not-too-distant future? Some have advocated 75.__________such a procedure as a solution to the population problem: ship theexcess people off to the moon. But we must keep in head the 76. __________ billions of dollars we might spend in carrying out the project. To maintain the earth’s population at its present level, we would have to blast off into space 7,500 people every hour of every day of the year.Why are we spending so little money on space ex- 77. __________ ploration? Consider the great need for improving many aspects 78.__________of the global environment, one is surely justified in hisconcern for the money and resources that they are poured into 79.__________the space exploration efforts. But perhaps we should look atboth sides of the coin before arriving hasty conclusions. 80. __________Part V Writing (30 minutes)Direction: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic How I Finance My College Education. You should write at least 120 words, and base your composition on the outline (given in Chinese) below.1. 上大学的费用（tuition and fees）可以通过多种途径解决2. 哪种途径适合于我（说明理由）How I Finance My College Education2000.11. D2. A3. C4. B5. C6. B7. B8. D9. A 10. C11. C 12. A 13. B 14. A 15. D 16. D 17. D 18. C 19. A 20. B21. B 22. A 23. C 24. C 25. D 26. C 27. B 28. A 29. D 30. A31. B 32. C 33. A 34. D 35. B 36. D 37. D 38. A 39. C 40. B41. B 42. D 43. D 44. C 45. A 46. D 47. B 48. C 49. A 50. B51. C 52. B 53. A 54. A 55. B 56. D 57. C 58. D 59. B 60. A61. C 62. C 63. D 64. A 65. C 66. B 67. C 68. D 69. B 70. A71. had à has 72. directly à indirectly73. into à on 74. too à so75. planet à planets / worlds 76. head à mind77. little à much 78. Consider à Considering79. they à /80. (arriving) à (arriving) at 或arriving à reaching/drawing/making。
英语六级考试历年阅读试题译文(2000年1月)
洛基英语，中国在线英语教育领导品牌2000年1月六级试题译文Passage one译文在娱乐界，电视访谈节目无疑充斥了白天所有的电视时间。
经常看这些节目的人都知道，每个访谈节目在风格和形式上各不相同。
但与斯波瑞格和欧波拉·温弗瑞主持的节目相比，没有哪两个节目能在内容上如此截然相反，而同时又都出类拔萃。
杰瑞·斯波瑞格可能很容易被认为是“废话”大王。
他主持的节目中话题非常令人震惊。
例如，节目在不同层面上谈论了访谈节目最普通的主题——爱、性、欺骗、罪行、仇恨、冲突和道德。
很清楚，杰瑞·斯波瑞格的节目是展示和挖掘社会的道德灾难，但人们对他人生活中令人好奇的困境兴趣盎然。
像杰瑞·斯波瑞格一样，欧波拉·温弗瑞把电视访谈节目发挥得淋漓尽致，但却反其道而行之。
他的节目致力于改进社会和提高个人生活质量。
话题从教育孩子有责任感、安排一周的工作到逐渐了解邻居。
与欧波拉相比，杰瑞·斯波瑞格的节目看来像是倾倒在社会上的有毒垃圾。
杰瑞结束节目时都用一个“最后的词”。
他用一段小演说总结节目的全部寓意。
但愿这是大多数人能学到的很有价值的东西的部分。
尽管欧波拉的节目很纯净，但并非适合每个人。
该节目主要面向美国的中产阶级观众。
这些人大部分都有时间、金钱，生活稳定，对生活中的难题能应付裕如。
而杰瑞·斯波瑞格的更多节目与青年人有关。
他们是18到21岁的青年人。
生活中的主要问题是爱情、人际关系、性、金钱和同伴。
在节目宣传下他们明白了某些价值和教训。
尽管这两个节目像昼夜一样迥然不同，但多年来在访谈节目中一直占主导地位。
每一个访谈节目都迎合不同观众的胃口，而二者在大批节目迷中又都有坚定的追随者。
有讽刺意义的是，二者均可视为访谈节目界的先锋。
Passage Two译文为理解市场营销的概念，有必要理解市场营销与销售之间的区别。
不久前，大多数行业主要致力于高效生产商品，而后依靠“劝销法”尽可能多地出售商品。
2000年1月大学英语四级考试试题及答案
2000年1月大学英语四级考试试题及答案2000年1月大学英语四级考试试题试卷一Part I Listening Comprehension (20 minutesSection A1. A) The woman is s close friend of the man.B) The woman has been working too hard.C) The woman is seeing a doctor.D) The woman is tired of her work.2. A) This apple pie tastes very good.B) His mother likes the pie very muchC) This pie can’t match his mother’s.D) His mother can’t make apple pies.3. A) Take a walk.B) Give a performance.C) Listen to the music. D) Dance to the music.4. A) Read an article on political science.B) Present a different theory to the class.C) Read more than one article.D) Choose a better article to read.5. A) The woman would un derstand if she did Mary’sjob.B) The woman should do the typing for Mary.C) The woman should work as hard as Mary.D) The woman isn’t a skillful typist.6. A) He wants to make an appointment with Mr.Smith.B) He wants to make sure that Mr. Smith will seehim.C) He wants to change the time of the appointment.D) He wants the woman to meet him at threeo’clock.7. A) He gets nervous vastly. B)He is an inexperienced speaker.C) He is an awful speaker. D)He hasn’t prepared his speech well.8. A) She didn’t like the books the man bought.B) There wasn’t a large selection at the bookstore.C) The man bought a lot of books.D) She wanted to see what the man bought.9. A) Buy a ticket for the ten o’clock flight.B) Ask the man to change the ticket for her.C) The man standing nearby. D)The salesman from London.Passage TwoQuestions 15 to 17 are based on the passage you have just heard.15. A) His friend gave him the wrong key.B) He didn’t know where the back door was.C) He couldn’t find the key to his mailbox.D) It was too dark to put the key in the lock.16. A) It was getting dark.B) He was afraid of being blamed by his friend.C) The birds might have flown away.D) His friend would arrive any time.17. A) He looked silly with only one leg inside thewindow.B) He knew the policeman wouldn’t believe him.C) The torchlight made him look very foolish.D) He realized that he had made a mistake.Passage ThreeQuestions 18 to 20 are based on the passage you have just heard.18. A) The threat of poisonous desert animals andplants.B) The exhaustion of energy resources.C) The destruction of oil wells.D) The spread of the black powder from the fires.19. A) The underground oil resources have not beenaffected.B) Most of the desert animals and plants have managed to survive.C) The oil lakes soon dried up and stopped evaporating.D) The underground water resources have not been polluted.20. A) To restore the normal production of the oil wells.B) To estimate the losses caused by the fires.C) To remove the oil left in the desert.D) To use the oil left in the oil lakes.Part ⅡReading Comprehension (35 minutes)Passage OneQuestions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage.Unless we spend money to spot and prevent asteroids(小行星)now, one might crash into Earth and destroy life as we know it, say some scientists.Asteroids are bigger versions of the meteoroids(流星)that race across the night sky. Most orbit the sun far from Earth and don’t threaten us. But there are also thousands whose orbits put them on a collision course with Earth.Buy $50 million worth of new telescopes right now. Then spend $10 million a year for the next 25 years to locate most of the space rocks. By the time we spot a fatal one, the scientists say, we’ll have a way to change its course.Some scientists favor pushing asteroids off course with nuclear weapons. But the cost wouldn’t be cheap.Is it worth it? Two things experts consider when judging any risk are: 1) How likely the event is; and 2) How bad the consequences if the event occurs. Experts think an asteroid big enough to destroy lots of life might strike Earth once every 500,000 years. Sounds pretty rare—but if one did fall, it would be the end of the world. “If we don’t take care of these big asteroids, they’ll take care of us,” says one scientist. “It’s that simple.”The cure, though, might be worse than the disease. Do we really want fleets of nuclear weapons sittingaround on Earth? “The world has less to fear from doomsday(毁灭性的) rocks than from a great nuclear fleet set against them,” said a New York Times article.21. What does the passage say about asteroids andmeteoroids?A) They are heavenly bodies different incomposition.B) They are heavenly bodies similar in nature.C) There are more asteroids than meteoroids.D) Asteroids are more mysterious than meteoroids.22. What do scientists say about the collision of anasteroid with Earth?A) It is very unlikely but the danger exists.B) Such a collision might occur once every 25 years.C) Collisions of smaller asteroids with Earth occurmore often than expected.D) It’s still too early to say whether such a collisionmight occur.23. What do people think of the suggestion of usingnuclear weapons to alter the course of asteroids?A) It sounds practical but it may not solve theproblem.B) It may create more problems than it might solve.C) It is a waste of money because a collision of asteroids with Earth is very unlikely.D) Further research should be done before it isproved applicable.24. We can conclude from the passage that .A) while pushing asteroids off course nuclear weapons would destroy the worldB) asteroids racing across the night sky are likely to hit Earth in the near futureC) the worry about asteroids can be left to future generations since it is unlikely to happen in our lifetimeD) workable solutions still have to be found to preventa collision of asteroids with Earth.25. Which of the following best describes the author’stone in this passage?A) Optimistic. B) Critical. C) Objective. D) Arbitrary.Passage TwoQuestions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage.Believe it or not, optical illusion (错觉) can cut highway crashes.Japan is a case in point. It has reduced automobile crashes on some roads by nearly 75 percent using a simple optical illusion. Bent stripes, called chevrons (人字形) painted on the roads make drivers think that they are driving faster than they really are, and thus drivers slow down.Now the American Association Foundation for Traffic Safety in Washington D.C is planning to rep eat Japan’s success. Starting next year, the foundation will paint chevrons and other patterns of stripes on selected roads around the country to test how well the patterns reduce highway crashes.Excessive speed plays a major role in as much as one fifth of all fatal traffic accidents, according to the foundation. To help reduce those accidents, the foundation will conduct its tests in areas where speed-related hazards are the greatest-curves, exit slopes, traffic circles, and bridges.Some studies suggest that straight, horizontal barspainted across roads can initially cut the average speed of drivers in half. However, traffic often returns to full speed within months as drivers become used to seeing the painted bar. Chevrons, scientists say, not only give drivers the impression that they are driving faster than they really are but also make a lane spear to be narrower. The result is a longer lasting reduction in highway speed and the number of traffic accidents.26. The passage mainly discusses .A) a new way of highway speed controlB) a new pattern for painting highwaysC) a new approach to training driversD) a new type of optical illusion27. On roads painted with chevrons drivers tend to feelthat .A) they should avoid speed-related hazardsB) they are driving in the wrong laneC) they should slow down their speedD) they are approaching the speed limit28. The advantage of chevrons over straight, horizontalbars is that the former .101A) can keep drivers awakeB) can cut road accidents in halfC) will have a longer effect on driversD) will look more attractive29. The American Association Foundation for TrafficSafety plans to .A) try out the Japanese method in certain areasB) change the road signs across the countryC) replace straight, horizontal bars with chevronsD) repeat the Japanese road patterns30. What does the author say about straight, horizontalbars painted across roads?A) They are falling out of use in the United States.B) They tend to be ignored by drivers in a short period of time.C) They are applicable only on broad roads.D) They cannot be applied successfully to traffic circles.Passage ThreeQuestions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage.Amtrak (美国铁路客运公司) was experiencing a downswing in ridership (客运量) along the lines102comprising its rail system. Of major concern to Amtrak and its advertising agency DDB Needham，were the long-distance western routes where ridership had been declining significantly.At one time, trains were the only practical way to cross the vast areas of the west. Trains were fast, very luxurious, and quite convenient compared to other forms of transportation existing at the time. However, times change and automobile became America’s standard of convenience. Also, air travel had easily established itself as the fastest method of traveling great distances. Therefore, the task for DDB Needham was to encourage consumers to consider other aspects of train travel in order to change their attitudes and increase the likelihood that trains would be considered for travel in the west.Two portions of the total market were targeted: 1) anxious fliers-those concerned with safety, relaxation, and cleanliness and 2) travel-lovers-those viewing themselves as relaxed, casual, and interested in the travel experience as part of their vacation. The agency then developed a campaign that focused on travel103experiences such as freedom, escape, relaxation, and enjoyment of the great western outdoors. It stressed experiences gained by using the trains and portrayed western train trips as wonderful adventures.Advertisements showed pictures of the beautiful scenery that could be enjoyed along some of the more famous western routes and emphasized the romantic names of some of these trains (Empire Builder, etc.). These ads were strategically placed among family-oriented TV shows and programs involving nature and America in order to most effectively reach target audiences. Results were impressive. The Empire Builder, which was focused on in one ad, enjoyed a 15 percent increase in profits on its Chicago to Seattle route.31. What’’s the author’s purpose in writing thispassage?A) To show the inability of trains to compete with planes with respect to speed and convenience.B) To stress the influence of the automobile on America’s standard of convenience.104C) To emphasize the function of travel agencies in market promotion.D) To illustrate the important role of persuasive communication in changing consumer attitudes.32. It can be inferred from the passage that the drop inAmtrak rider ship was due to the fact that . A) trains were not suitable for short distance passenger transportationB) trains were not the fastest and most convenient form of transportationC) trains were not as fast and convenient as they used to beD) trains could not compete with planes in terms of luxury and convenience33. To encourage consumers to travel by train, DDBNeedham emphasized .A) the freedom and convenience provided on trainsB) the practical aspects of travelC) the adventurous aspects of train tripsD) the safety and cleanliness of train trips34. The train ads were placed among family-orientedTV programs involving nature and America105because .A) they could focus on meaningful travel experiencesB) they could increase the effectiveness of the TVprogramsC) their profits could be increased by some 15percentD) most travel-lovers and nervous fliers werebelieved to be among the audiences35. According to the passage, the Empire Builderenjoyed an increase in rider ship and profits because .A) the attractiveness of its name and route waseffectively advertisedB) it provided an exciting travel experienceC) its passengers could enjoy the great westernoutdoorsD) it was widely advertised in newspapers andmagazines in Chicago and SeattlePassage FourQuestions 36 to 40 are based on the following passage.Why does cream go bad faster than butter? Some researchers think they have the answer, and it comes106down to the structure of the food, not its chemical composition—a finding that could help rid some processed foods of chemical preservatives.Cream and butter contain pretty much the same substances, so why cream should sour much faster has been a mystery. Both are emulsions—tiny globules (小球体) of one liquid evenly distributed throughout another. The difference lies in w hat’s in the globules and what’s in the surrounding liquid, says Brocklehurst, who led the investigation.In cream, fatty globules drift about in a sea of water. In butter, globules of a watery solution are locked away in a sea of fat. The bacteria which make the food go bad prefer to live in the watery regions of the mixture. “This means that in cream, the bacteria are free to grow throughout the mixture,” he says.When the situation is reversed, the bacteria are locked away in compartments (隔仓室) buried deep in the sea of fat. Trapped in this way, individual colonies cannot spread and rapidly run out of nutrients (养料). They also slowly poison themselves with their waste products. “In butter, you get a self-limiting system107which stops the bacteria growing.” says Brocklehurst.The researchers are already working with food companies keen to see if their products can be made resistant to bacterial attack through alterations to the food’s structure. Brockiehurst bel ieves it will be possible to make the emulsions used in salad cream, for instance, more like that in butter. The key will be to do this while keeping the salad cream liquid and not turning it into a solid lump.36. The significance of Brocklehurst’s resea rch isthat .A) it suggested a way to keep some foods fresh without preservativesB) it discovered tiny globules in both cream and butterC) it revealed the secret of how bacteria multiply in cream and butterD) it found that cream and butter share the samechemical composition37. According to the researchers, cream sours fasterthan butter because bacteria .A) are more evenly distributed in cream108B) multiply more easily in cream than is butterC) live on less fat in cream than in butterD) produce less waste in cream than in butter38. According to Brocklehurst, we can keep cream freshby .A) removing its fat B) killing the bacteriaC) reducing its water content D) altering its structure39. The word “colonies”(Line 2, Para.4) refers to.A) tiny globules B) watery regionsC) bacteria communities D) little compartments40. Commercial application of the research finding willbe possible if salad cream can be made resistant to bacterial attack .A) by varying its chemical composition B) by turning it into a solid lumpC) while keeping its structure unchanged D) while retaining its liquid form109Part ⅡVocabulary and Structure (20 minutes)41. She ought to stop work; she has a headache becauseshe too long.A) has been reading B) had readC) is reading D) read42. Niagara Falls is a great tourist , drawingmillions of visitors every year.A) attention B) attraction C) appointment D) arrangement43. I don’t mind the decision as long as it is not toolate.A) you to delay making B) your delaying makingC) your delaying to make D) you delay to make44. The hopes, goals, fears and desires widelybetween men and women, between the rich and the poor.A) alter B) shift C) transfer D) vary11045. Corn originated in the New World and thus was notknown in Europe until Columbus found it in Cuba.A) being cultivated B) been cultivated C) having cultivated D) cultivating46. The sale usually takes place outside the house, withthe audience on benches, chairs or boxes.A) having seated B) seating C) seated D) having been seated47. This kind of glasses manufactured by experiencedcraftsmen comfortably.A) is worn B) wears C) wearing D) are worn48. Some diseases are by certain water animals.A) transplanted B) transformed C) transported D) transmitted49. Wouldn’t you rather your child to bed early?A) go B) went C) would go D) goes50. Although Anne is happy with her success, shewonders will happen to her private life.A) that B) what C) it111D) this51. The words of his old teacher left a impressionon his mind. He is still influenced by them.A) long B) lively C) lasting D) liberal52. Mike’s uncle insists in this hotel.A) staying not B) not to stayC) that he would not stay D) that he not stay53. We agreed to accept they thought was the besttourist guide.A) whatever B) whomever C) whichever D) whoever54. It is our policy that we will achieve unitythrough peaceful means.A) consistent B) continuous C) considerate D) continual55. Between 1974 and 1997, the number of overseasvisitors expanded 27%.A) by B) for C) to D) in11256. Although many people view conflict as bad, conflictis sometimes useful it forces people to test the relative merits of their attitudes and behaviors.A) by which B) to which C) in that D) so that57. He is about his chances of winning a goldmedal in the Olympics next year.A) optimistic B) optional C) outstanding D) obvious58. Sometimes I wish I in a different time and adifferent place.A) be living B) were living C) would live D) would have lived59. The director was critical the way we were doingthe work.A) at B) in C) of D) with60. In a sudden of anger, the man tore upeverything within reach.A) attack B) burst C) split D) blast61. she realized it was too late to go home.113A) No sooner it grew dark than B) Hardly did it grow dark thatC) Scarcely had it grown dark than D) It was not until dark that62. In Britain people four million tons of potatoesevery year.A) swallow B) dispose C) consume D) exhaust63. I’d his reputation with other farmers andbusiness people in the community, and then make a decision about whether or not to approve a loan.A) take into account B) account for C) make up for D) make out64. It is essential that these application forms backas early as possible.A) must be sent B) will be sent C) are sent D) be sent65. She cooked the meat for a long time so as to make itenough to eat.A) mild B) slight C) light D) tender66. We take our skin for granted until it is burned114repair.A) beyond B) for C) without D) under67. The computer revolution may well change society asas did the Industrial Revolution.A) certainly B) insignificantly C) fundamentally D) comparatively68. in this way, the situation doesn’t seem sodisappointing.A) To look at B) Looking at C) Looked at D) To be looked at69. A lot of ants are always invading my kitchen. Theyare a thorough .A) nuisance B) trouble C) worry D) anxiety70. Some women a good salary in a job instead ofstaying home, but they decided not to work for the sake of the family.A) must make B) should have made C) would make D) could have made115试卷二Part IV Cloze (15 minutes)In a telephone survey of more than 2,000 adults, 21% said they believed the sun revolved (旋转) around the earth. An 71 7% did not know which revolved around 72 . I have no doubt that 73 all of these people were 74 in school that the earth revolves around the sun 75 may even have written it 76 at east. But they never 77 their incorrect mental models of planetary (行星的) 78 because their every day observations didn’t support 79 their teachers told them: People s ee the sun “moving 80 ” the sky as morning turns to night, and the earth seems stationary (静止的) 81 that is happening. Students can learn the right answers 82 heart in class, and yet never combined them 83 their working models of the world. The objectively correct answer the professor accepts and the 84 personal understanding of the world can 85 side by side, each unaffected by the other.Outside of class, the student continues to use 86116model because it has always worked well 87 that circumstance. Unless professors address 88 errors in students’ personal models of the world, students are not 89 to replace them with the 90 one.71. A) excessive B) extra C)additional D) added72. A) what B) which C) thatD) other73. A) virtually B) remarkably C)ideally D) preferably74. A) learned B) suggested C)taught D) advised75. A) those B) these C)who D) they76. A) on B) with C)under D) for77. A) formed B) altered C)believed D) thought78. A) operation B) position C)motion D) location79. A) how B) which C) thatD) what11780. A) around B) across C)on D) above81. A) since B) so C)while D) for82. A) to B) by C) inD) with83. A) with B) into C)to D) along84. A) adult’s B) teacher’s C)scientist’s D) student’s85. A) exist B) occur C)survive D) maintain86. A) private B) individual C)personal D) own87. A) in B) with C)on D) for88. A) general B) natural C)similar D) specific89. A) obliged B) likely C)probable D) partial90. A) perfect B) better C)reasonable D) correct118Part V Writing (30 minutes)D i r e c t i o n s:For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes towrite a composition on the topic How I Financemy College Education. You should write at least100 words, and base your composition on theoutline (given in Chinese) below:1.上大学的费用( tuition and fees )可以通过多种途径解决。
2000年1月大学英语四级听力真题+听力原文+答案
2000年1月大学英语四级听力真题Part I Listening Comprehension (20 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear 10 short conversations. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. Both theconversation and the question will be spoken only once. After eachquestion there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the fourchoices marked A), B), C) and D), and decide which is the best answer.Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single linethrough the center.Example:You will hear:You will read:A) At the office.B) In the waiting room.C) At the airport.D) In a restaurant.From the conversation we know that the two were talking about some work they will start at 9 o’clock in the morning and have to finish at 2 in the afternoon. Therefore, D) “5 hours” is the correct answer. You should choose [D] on the Answer Sheet and mark it with a single line through the center.Sample Answer [A] [B] [C] [D]1. A) The woman is a close friend of the man.B) The woman has been working too hard.C) The woman is seeing a doctor.D) The woman is tired of her work.2. A) This apple pie tastes very good.B) His mother likes the pie very much.C) This pie can’t match his mother’s.D) His mother can’t make ap ple pies.3. A) Take a walk.B) Give a performance.C) Listen to the music.2 / 7D) Dance to the music.4. A) Read an article on political science.B) Present a different theory to the class.C) Read more than one article.D) Choose a better article to read.5. A) The woman would understand if she did Mary’s job.B) The woman should do the typing for Mary.C) The woman should work as hard as Mary.D) The woman isn’t a skillful typist.6. A) He wants to make an appointment with Mr. Smith.B) He wants to make sure that Mr. Smith will see him.C) He wants to change the time of the appointment.D) He wants the woman to meet him at three o’clock.7. A) He gets nervous very easily.B) He is an inexperienced speaker.C) He is an awful speaker.D) He hasn’t prepared his speech well.8. A) She didn’t like the books the man bought.B) There wasn’t a large selection at the bookstore.C) The man bought a lot of books.D) She wanted to see what the man bought.9. A) Buy a ticket for the tem o’clock flight.B) Ask the man to change the ticket for her.C) Go to the airport immediately.D) Switch to a different flight.10. A) Dr. Lemon is waiting for a patient.B) Dr. Lemon is busy at the moment.C) Dr. Lemon has lost his patience.D) Dr. Lemon has gone out to visit a patient.Section BDirections: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage,3 / 7you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will bespoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the bestanswer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark thecorresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through thecenter.Passage oneQuestions 11 to 14 are based on the passage you have just heard.11. A) A car outside the supermarket.B) A car at the bottom of the hill.C) Paul’s car.D) The sports car.12. A) Inside the car.B) At the foot of the hill.C) In the garage.D) In the supermarket.13. A) The driver of the sports car.B) The two girls inside the car.C) The man standing nearby.D) The salesman from London.14. A) Nobody.B) The two girls.C) The bus driver.D) Paul.Passage TwoQuestions 15 to 17 are based on the passage you have just heard.15. A) His friend gave him the wrong key.B) He didn’t know where the back door was.C) He couldn’t find the key to his mailbox.D) It was too dark to put the key in the lock.16. A) It was getting dark.B) He was afraid of being blamed by his friend.4 / 7C) The birds might have flown away.D) His friend would arrive any time.17. A) He looked silly with only one leg inside the window.B) H e knew the policeman wouldn’t believe him.C) The torch light made him look very foolish.D) He realized that he had made a mistake.Passage ThreeQuestions 18 to 20 are based on the passage you have just heard.18. A) The threat of poisonous desert animals and plants.B) The exhaustion of energy resources.C) The destruction of oil wells.D) The spread of the black powder from the fires.19. A) The underground oil resources have not been affected.B) Most of the desert animals and plants have managed to survive.C) The oil lakes soon dried up and stopped evaporating.D) The underground water resources have not been polluted.20. A) To restore the normal production of the oil wells.B) To estimate the losses caused by the fires.C) To remove the oil left in the desert.D) To use the oil left in the oil lakes.2000年1月大学英语四级听力原文1. M: Hi, Jane, do you have some changes? I have to make a call on the payphone.W: Payphone? Why not use my mobile phone? Here you are.Q: What will the man most probably do?2. M: Can you tell me the title of this oil painting?W: Sorry, I don’t know for sure, but I guess it is an early 18 century work. Let me look it up in the catalog.Q: Where does this conversation most probably take place?5 / 73. M: I am worried about those classes I missed when I was sick.W: I will try to bring you up today on what we’ve done.Q: What does the woman mean?4. W: Hey Dan. I hear you’re meeting Susan’s parents for the first time.M: Yeah, next weekend. Fortunately, her father loves to fish, so we will have so many things to talk about.Q: What can be inferred about Dan?5. W: Professor White’s presentation seemed to go on forever. I was barely able to stayawake.M: How could you sleep through it? It is one of the best that I have ever heard on this topic.Q: What does the man think of Professor White’s presentation?6. W: I am looking for quality paper to type my essay. I don’t see any on the shelf.M: I saw some in the stockroom this morning. I will go and check.Q: What does the woman want to buy?7. M: It seems that we’ll have another fine day tomorrow. Let’s go to the seaside.W: OK. But we’ll have to leave very early, or else we’ll get caught in the traffic.Q: What does the woman suggest?8. M: Do you know James? He is in your class.W: Certainly. In fact he was the first person I got to know in my class. I still remember the look on his face when he showed up late on the first day of school.Q: Why did the woman remember James so well?9. W: The man at the garage thinks that I take good care of my car.M: So do I. I can’t see any scratches on the outside, and the inside is clean, too.Q: What does the man think of the woman’s car?10. M: Wonderful day, isn’t it? Want to join me for a swim?W: If you don’t mind waiting while I get prepared.Q: What does the woman mean?Passage OneA friend of mine told me that when he was a young man, he went to work as a teacher in one of the states of India. One day, he received an invitation to dinner at the ruler’s palace. Very pleased, he went to tell his colleagues. They laughed, and told him6 / 7the meaning of the invitation. They had all been invited, and each person who was invited had to bring with him a certain number of silver and gold coins. The number of coins varied according to the person’s position in the service of the government. My friend’s income was not high, so he did not have much to pay. Each person bowed before the ruler, his gold went onto one hip, his silver went onto another hip. And in this way he paid his income tax for the year. This was a simple way of collecting income tax. The tax on property was also collected simply. The ruler gave a man the power to collect a tax from each owner of land or property in a certain area, if this man promised to pay the ruler a certain amount of money. Of course, the tax collector managed to collect more money than he paid to the ruler. The difference between the sum of money he collected and the sum of money he gave to the ruler was his profit.Questions 11 to 13 are based on the passage you have just heard.11. What do we know about the speaker’s friend?12. What was the real purpose of the ruler’s invitation?13. What does the passage say about the tax collectors?Passage TwoAround the year 1000.A.D, some people from northwest India began to travel westward. Nobody knows why. After leaving their homes, they did not settle down again, but spent their lives moving from one place to another, their later generations are called the Romany people, or Gypsies. There’re Gypsies all over the world, and many of them are still travelling with no fix homes. There are about 8,000,000 of them, including 3,000,000 in Eastern Europe. Gypsies sometimes have a hard time in the countries where they travel, because they are different, people may be afraid of them, look down on them, or think that they are criminals. The Nazies treated the Gypsies cruelly, like the Jews, and nobody knows how many of them died in Hitler’s deathcamps. Gyp sies have their own language Romany. They liked music and dancing. And they often work in fairs and travelling shows. Travelling is very important to them, and many Gypsies are unhappy if they have to stay in one place. Because of this, it is difficult for Gypsy children to go to school, and Gypsies are often unable to read and write. In some places, the education authorities tried to arrange special travelling schools for Gypsy children, so that they can get the same education as other children.Questions 14 to 16 are based on the passage you have just heard.14. Why did the ancestors of Gypsies leave their home?15. What is the attitude of some people toward Gypsies?16. What measure has been taken to help Gypsy children?7 / 7Passage ThreeAs the car industry develops, traffic accidents have become as familiar as the common code. Yet, their cause and control remain a serious problem that is difficult to solve. Experts have long recognized that this discouraging problem has multiple causes. At the very least, it is a problem that involves three factors: the driver, the vehicle, and the roadway. If all drivers exercise good judgments at all times, there would be few accidents. But that is rather like saying that if all people were honest, there would be no crime. Improved design has helped make highways much safer. But the type of accidents continued to rise because of human failure and an enormous increase in the numbers of automobiles on the road. Attention is now turning increasingly to the third factor of the accident, the car itself. Since people assume that the accidents are bound to occur, they want to know how cars can be built better to protect the drivers.Questions 17 to 20 are based on the passage you have just heard.17. What does the speaker think of the causes of automobile accidents?18. What measure has been taken to reduce car accidents?19. What remains an important factor for the rising number of road accidents?20. What is the focus of people’s attentions today according to the passage?。
大学英语六级真题2000年01月_真题无答案
大学英语六级真题2000年01月(总分95, 做题时间90分钟)Part Ⅰ Listening ComprehensionSection ASSS_SINGLE_SEL1.A To ask for a wake-up call.B To catch a later flight.C To go to bed early.D To cancel his trip.SSS_SINGLE_SEL2.A The man's attitude is more sensible than the woman's.B They have different opinions as to what to do next.C They have to pay for the house by installments.D They will fix a telephone in the bathroom.SSS_SINGLE_SEL3.A She will no longer get letters from Canada.B She can't give the stamps to the man's sister.C She will save the stamps for the man's sister.D She has given the stamps to the man's roommates.SSS_SINGLE_SEL4.A Looking for a postcard.B Visiting the Brownings.C Filling in a form.D Writing a postcard.SSS_SINGLE_SEL5.A They should find a better lab for the project.B The man should meet his partner's needs.C They **e to a compromise.D The man should work with somebody else.SSS_SINGLE_SEL6.A She can't afford a computer right now.B She can't finish her assignment, either.C The man should buy a computer right away.D The man can use **puter.SSS_SINGLE_SEL7.A The visiting economist has given several lectures.B Dr. Johnson and the guest speaker were schoolmates.C Dr. Johnson invited the economist to visit their college.D The guest lecturer's opinion is different from Dr. Johnson's.SSS_SINGLE_SEL8.A Football is her favorite pastime.B The game has been canceled.C Their team played very badly.D She's never watched a better game.SSS_SINGLE_SEL9.A The man should take up a new hobby.B The man should stop playing tennis.C The man should stick to what he's doing.D The man should find the cause for his failure.SSS_SINGLE_SEL10.A A terrible nightmare.B An imaginary situation.C A real life experience.D An invented story.Section BPassage OneQuestions 11 to 13 are based on the passage you have just heard.SSS_SINGLE_SEL11.A A kind of German sausage.B A resident of Frankfurt.C A kind of German bread.D The name of a German town.SSS_SINGLE_SEL12.A He raised dogs.B He was a cartoonist.C He was a cook.D He sold fast food.SSS_SINGLE_SEL13.A Because it was too hot to eat right away.B Because the Americans found they were from Germany.C Because people had to get used to their taste.D Because people thought they contained dog meat.Passage TwoQuestions 14 to 16 are based on the passage you have just heard.SSS_SINGLE_SEL14.A They extend their water pipes.B They give out faint cries.C They make noises to drive away insects.D They become elastic like rubber bands.SSS_SINGLE_SEL15.A Thirsty plants.B Well-watered plants.C Quiet plants.D Healthy plants.SSS_SINGLE_SEL16.A They could drive the insects away.B They could keep the plants well watered.C They could build devices to trap insects.D They could make the plants grow faster.Passage ThreeQuestions 17 to 20 are based on the passage you have just heard.SSS_SINGLE_SEL17.A For education.B For adventure.C To enjoy themselves.D To look for a different lifestyle.SSS_SINGLE_SEL18.A It has a dense population.B It has many towering buildings.C There are 200 vehicles for every kilometer of roadway.D There are many museums and palaces.SSS_SINGLE_SEL19.A It has many big and beautiful parks.B It possesses many historical sites.C It is a city of contrasts.D It is an important industrial center.SSS_SINGLE_SEL20.A It makes our life more interesting.B It enables Us to acquire first-hand knowledge.C It helps develop our personalities.D It brings about changes in our lifestyle.Part Ⅱ Reading ComprehensionPassage OneQuestions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage:In the world of entertainment, TV talk shows have undoubtedly flooded every inch of space on daytime television. And anyone who witches them regularly knows that each one varies in style and format. But no two shows are more profoundly opposite in content, while at the same time standing out above the rest, than the Jerry Springer and the Oprah Winfrey shows.Jerry Springer could easily be considered the king of "trash talk (废话)". The topics on his show are as shocking as shocking can be. For example, the show takes the **mon talk show themes of love, sex, cheating, guilt, hate, conflict and morality to a different level. Clearly, the Jerry Springer show is a display andexploitation of society's moral catastrophes (灾难), yet people are willing to eat up the intriguing predicaments (困境)of otherpeople's lives.Like Jerry Springer, Oprah Winfrey takes TV talk show to its extreme, but Oprah goes in the opposite direction. The show focuses on the improvement of society and an individual's quality of life.Topics range from teaching your children responsibility, managing'your work week, to getting to know your neighbors.Compared to Oprah, the Jerry Springer show looks like poisonous waste being dumped on society. Jerry ends every show with a "final word". He makes a small speech that sums up the entire moral of the show. Hopefully, this is the part where most people will learn something very valuable.Clean as it is, the Oprah show is not for everyone. The show's main target audience are middle-class Americans. Most of these people have the time, money, and stability to deal with life's tougher problems. Jerry Springer, on the other hand, has more of an association with the young adults of society. These are 18 to 21-year-olds whose main troubles in life involve love, relationship, sex, money and peers. They are the ones who see some value and lessons to be learned underneath the show's exploitation.While the two shows are as different as night and day, both have ruled the talk show circuit for many years now. Each one caters to a different audience while both have a strong following from large groups of fans. Ironically, both could also be considered pioneers in the talk show world.21.Compared with other TV talk shows, both the Jerry Springer and the Oprah Winfrey are______.SSS_SINGLE_SELA more family-orientedB more profoundC relatively formalD unusually popular22.Though the social problems Jerry Springer talks about appear distasteful, the audience ______.SSS_SINGLE_SELA remain indifferent to themB are willing to get involved in themC remain fascinated by themD are ready to face up to them23.Which of the following is likely to be a topic of the Oprah Winfrey show?SSS_SINGLE_SELA Street violence.B Racist hatred.C A new type of robot.D Family budget planning.24.Despite their different approaches, the two talk shows areboth_______.SSS_SINGLE_SELA cynicalB instructiveC sensitiveD ironical25.We can learn from the passage that the two talk shows ______.SSS_SINGLE_SELA are targeted at different audiencesB appear at different times of the dayC have monopolized the talk show circuitD exploit the weaknesses in human naturePassage TwoQuestions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage:To understand the marketing concept, it is only necessary to understand the difference between marketing and selling. Not too many years ago, most industries concentrated primarily on the efficient production of goods, and then relied on "persuasive salesmanship" to move as much of these goods as possible. Such production and selling focuses on the needs of the seller to produce goods and then convert them into money.Marketing, on the other hand, focuses on the wants of consumers. It begins with first analyzing the preferences and demands of consumers and then producing goods that will satisfy them. This eye-on-the-consumer approach is known as the marketing concept, which simply means that instead of trying to sell whatever is easiest to produce or buy for resale, the makers and dealers first endeavor to find out what the consumer wants to buy and then go about making it available for purchase.This concept does not imply that business is benevolent (慈善的) or that consumer satisfaction is given priority over profit in a company. There are always two sides to every business transaction -- the firm and the customer-- and each must be satisfied before trade occurs. Successful merchants and producers, however, recognize that the surest route to profit is through understanding and catering tocustomers. A striking example of the importance of catering to the consumer presented itself in mid-1985, when Coca Cola changed the flavor of its drink. The non acceptance of the new flavor by a significant portion of the public brought about a prompt restoration of the Classic Coke, which was then marketed alongside the new. King Customer ruled!26.The marketing concept discussed in the passage is, in essence,______.SSS_SINGLE_SELA a form of persuasive salesmanshipB the customer- centred approachC making goods available for purchaseD the practice of turning goods into money27.What was the main concern of industrialists before the marketing concept was widely accepted?SSS_SINGLE_SELA The needs of the market.B The preferences of the dealer.C The efficiency of production.D The satisfaction of the user.28.According to the passage, "to move as much of these goods as possible" (Line 3, Para. I ) means______.SSS_SINGLE_SELA to redesign these goods for large-scale productionB to transport goods as efficiently as possibleC to sell the largest possible amount of goodsD to dispose of these goods in large quantities29.What does the restoration of the Classic Coke best illustrate?SSS_SINGLE_SELA Products must be designed to suit the taste of the consumer.B Consumers with conservative tastes are often difficult to please.C It takes time for a new product to be accepted by the public.D Traditional goods have a stronger appeal to the majority of people.30.In discussing the marketing concept, the author focuses on______.SSS_SINGLE_SELA its social impactB its theoretical basisC its possible consequenceD its main characteristicPassage ThreeQuestions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage:Conventional wisdom about conflict seems pretty much cut and dried. Too little conflict breeds apathy" (冷漠) and stagnation (呆滞). Too much conflict leads to divisiveness (分裂) and hostility. Moderate levels of conflict, however, can spark creativity and motivate people in a healthy **petitive way.Recent research by Professor Charles R. Schwenk, however, suggests that the optimal level of conflict may be **plex to determine than these simple generalizations. He studied perceptions of conflict among a sample of executives. Some of the executives worked for profit-seeking organizations and others for not-for-profit organizations.Somewhat surprisingly, Schwenk found that opinions aboutconflict varied systematically as a function of the type of organization. Specifically, managers in not-for-profit organizations strongly believed that conflict was beneficial to their organizations and that it promoted higher quality decision-making than might be achieved in the absence of conflict.Managers of for-profit organizations saw a different picture. They believed that conflict generally was damaging and usually led to poor-quality decision making in their organizations. Schwenk interpreted these results in terms ofthe criteria for effective decision making suggested by the executives. In the profit-seeking organizations, decision making effectiveness was most often assessed in financial terms. The executives believed that consensus rather than conflict enhanced financial indicators.In the not-for-profit organizations, decision-making effectiveness was defined from the perspective of satisfying constituent. Given **plexities and ambiguities associated with satisfying many diverse constituents executives perceived that conflict led to more considered and acceptable decisions.31.In the eyes of the author, conventional opinion on conflict is______.SSS_SINGLE_SELA oversimplifiedB misleadingC wrongD unclear32.Professor Charles R. Schwenk's research shows______.SSS_SINGLE_SELA the advantages and disadvantages of conflictB the difficulty in determining the optimal level of conflictC **plexity of defining the roles of conflictD the real value of conflict33.We can learn from Schwenk's research that______SSS_SINGLE_SELA it is impossible for people to avoid conflictB different people resolve conflicts in different waysC conflict is necessary for managers of for-profit organizationsD a person's view of conflict is influenced by the purpose ofhis organization34.The passage suggests that in for-profit organizations______.SSS_SINGLE_SELA decisions must be justifiableB expression of different opinions is encouragedC success lies in general agreementD there is no end of conflict35.People working in a not-for-profit organization ______.SSS_SINGLE_SELA find it easier to reach agreementB seem to be difficult to satisfyC are less effective in making decisionsD are free to express diverse opinionsPassage FourQuestions 36 to 40 are based on the following passage:Imagine eating everything delicious you want -- with none of the fat. That would be great, wouldn't it?New "fake fat" products appeared on store shelves in the UnitedStates recently, but not everyone is happy about it. Makers of the products, which contain a compound called olestra, say food manufacturers can now eliminate fat from certain foods. Critics, however, say the **pound can rob the body of essential vitamins and nutrients (营养物) and can also cause unpleasant side effects in some people. So it's up to consumers to decide whether the new fat-free products taste good enough to keep eating.Chemists discovered olestra in the late 1960s, when they were searching for a fat that could be digested by infants more easily. Instead of finding the desired fat, the researchers created a fat that can't be digested at all.Normally, special chemicals in the intestines (肠) "grab" molecules of regular fat and break them down so they can be used by the body. A molecule of regular fat is made up of three molecules of substances called fatty acids.The fatty acids are absorbed by the intestines and bring with them the essential vitamins A, D, E, and K. When fat molecules are present in the intestines with any of those vitamins, the vitamins attach to the molecules and are carried into the bloodstream.Olestra, which is made from six to eight molecules of fatty acids, is too large for the intestines to absorb. It just slides through the intestines without being broken down. Manufacturers say it's that ability to slide unchanged through the intestines that makes olestra so valuable as a fat substitute. It provides consumers with the taste of regular fat without any bad effects on the body. But critics say olestra can prevent vitamins A, D, E, and K from being absorbed. It can also prevent the absorption of carotenoids (类胡萝卜素), compounds that may reduce the risk of cancer, heart disease, etc.Manufacturers are adding vitamins A, D, E, and K as well as carotenoids to their products now. Even so, some nutritionists are still concerned that people might eat unlimited amounts of food made with the fat substitute without worrying about how many calories they are consuming.36.We learn from the passage that ______.SSS_SINGLE_SELA contains plenty of nutrientsB makes foods fat-free while keeping them deliciousC renders foods calorie-free while retaining their vitaminsD makes foods easily digestible37.The result of the search for an easily digestible fat turned out to be______.SSS_SINGLE_SELA just as anticipatedB commercially uselessC quite unexpectedD somewhat controversial38.Olestra is different from ordinary fats in that______.SSS_SINGLE_SELA it facilitates the absorption of vitamins by the bodyB it passes through the intestines without being absorbedC it helps reduce the incidence of heart diseaseD it prevents excessive intake of vitamins39.What is a possible negative effect of olestra according to some critics?SSS_SINGLE_SELA It may increase the risk of cancer.B It may spoil the consumers' appetite.C It may impair the digestive system.D It may affect the overall fat intake.40.Why are nutritionists concerned about adding vitamins to olestra?SSS_SINGLE_SELA People may be induced to eat more than is necessary.B It may trigger a new wave of fake food production.C It may lead to the over-consumption of vitamins.D The function of the intestines may be weakened.Part Ⅲ Vocabulary and Structure41.The doctors don't ______ that he will live much longer.SSS_SINGLE_SELA manifestB articulateC anticipateD monitor42.I suggest we put the scheme into effect, for it is quite______.SSS_SINGLE_SELA feasibleB eligibleC probableD sustainable43.The old gentleman was a very ______ looking person, with grey hair and gold spectacles.SSS_SINGLE_SELA respectiveB respectableC respectfulD respected44.This book is expected to ______ the best-seller lists.SSS_SINGLE_SELA exemplifyB promoteC prevailD dominate45.That part of the city has long been ______ for its street violence.SSS_SINGLE_SELA historicalB responsibleC illegalD notorious46.Under the guidance of their teacher, the pupils are building a model boat ______ by steam.SSS_SINGLE_SELA towedB tossedC propelledD pressed47.Having finished their morning work, the clerks stood up behind their desks, ______ themselves.SSS_SINGLE_SELA stretchingB extendingC prolongingD expanding48.England’s team, who are now superbly fit, will be doing their best next week to ______ themselves for last year' s defeat.SSS_SINGLE_SELA remedyB reviveC revengeD retort49.If you want to get into that tunnel, you first have to ______ away all the rocks.SSS_SINGLE_SELA repelB haulC transferD dispose50.It took us only a few hours to ______ the paper off all four walls.SSS_SINGLE_SELA chipB shearC strokeD scrape51.The famous scientist ______ his success to hard work.SSS_SINGLE_SELA acknowledgedB ascribedC grantedD imparted52.It is difficult to ______ of a plan to end poverty.SSS_SINGLE_SELA ponderB reckonC speculateD conceive53.Now the cheers and applause ______ in a single sustained roar.SSS_SINGLE_SELA assembledB concentratedC mingledD permeated54.Improved consumer confidence is ______ to an economic recovery.SSS_SINGLE_SELA subordinateB cumulativeC crucialD satisfactory55.Although the body is made up of many different tissues, these tissues are arranged in an ______ and orderly fashion.SSS_SINGLE_SELA intricateB initialC internalD incredible56.If you work under a car when repairing it, you often get very______.SSS_SINGLE_SELA greasyB stickyC slipperyD waxy57.The damage to his car was ______ ; therefore, he could repair it himself.SSS_SINGLE_SELA appreciableB negligibleC considerableD invisible58.My sister is quite ______ and plans to get an M. A. degree within one year.SSS_SINGLE_SELA aggressiveB enthusiasticC ambitiousD considerate59.The manager tried to wave aside these issues as ______ details that would be settled later.SSS_SINGLE_SELA alternateB trivialC versatileD preliminary60.His ______ was telling him that something was wrong.SSS_SINGLE_SELA sentimentB inspirationC hypothesisD intuition61.This book is about how these basic beliefs and values affect important ______ of American life.SSS_SINGLE_SELA facetsB fashionsC frontiersD formats62.Parents often faced the ______ between doing what they felt was good for the development of the child and what they could stand by way of undisciplined noise and destructiveness.SSS_SINGLE_SELA junctionB paradoxC premiseD dilemma63.Clark felt that his ______ in one of the most dramatic medical experiments of all time was worth the suffering he underwent.SSS_SINGLE_SELA appreciationB participationC presentationD apprehension64.As one of the youngest professors in the university, Miss King is certainly on the ______ of a brilliant career.SSS_SINGLE_SELA edgeB porchC thresholdD course65.The ______ lawyer made a great impression on the jury.SSS_SINGLE_SELA defendingB guardingC shieldingD protecting66.Very few people understood his lecture, the subject of which was very ______.SSS_SINGLE_SELA intelligibleB obscureC dimD conspicuous67.This movie is not ______ for children to see: it contains too much violence and too many love scenes.SSS_SINGLE_SELA profoundB validC uprightD decent68.The wood was so rotten that, when we pulled, it ______ into fragments.SSS_SINGLE_SELA broke awayB broke offC broke upD broke through69.The detective and his assistant have begun to __ the mysterious murder.SSS_SINGLE_SELA look intoB see toC make overD come through70.Sadly, the Giant Panda is one of the many species now in danger of SSS_SINGLE_SELA migrationB extinctionC destructionD extractionPart Ⅳ Error CorrectionUntil the very latest moment of his existence, man has been bound to the planet on which he originated and developed. Now he had the capability to leave that planet and move out into the universe S1._____to those worlds which he has known previously only directly.Men S2._____have explored parts of the moon, put spaceships in orbit around anotherplanet and possibly within the decade will land into anotherplanet S3._____and explore it. Can we be too bold as to suggest that we maybe S4._____able to colonize other planet within the not-too-distantfuture? S5._____Some have advocated such a procedure as a solution to the population problem: ship the excess people off to the moon. But we must keep in head the billions of dollars we might spend in carrying out the project. S6._____To maintain the earth's population at its present level, we would have to blast off into space 7,500 people every hour of every dayof the year.Why are we spending so little money on spaceexploration? S7._____Consider the great need for improving many aspects of theglobal S8._____environment, one is surely justified in his concern for the money and resources that they are poured into the space explorationefforts. S9._____But perhaps we should look at both sides of the coin beforearriving S10._____hasty conclusions.1.S1SSS_FILL2.S2SSS_FILL3.S3SSS_FILL4.S4SSS_FILL5.S5SSS_FILL6.S6SSS_FILL7.S7SSS_FILL8.S8SSS_FILL9.S9SSS_FILL10.S10SSS_FILLPart Ⅴ WritingDirections: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic How I Finance my College Education. You should write at least 120 words, and base **position on the outline (given in Chinese) below:1.1. 上大学的费用(tuitions and fees)可以通过多种途径解决。
大学英语六级真题2000年01月
大学英语六级真题2000年01月(总分：95.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、{{B}}Part Ⅰ Listening Comprehension{{/B}}(总题数：2，分数：10.00)Section ASection A（分数：5.00）A.To ask for a wake-up call. √B.To catch a later flight.C.To go to bed early.D.To cancel his trip.解析：[听力原文] M: I hope I won't oversleep, I've simply got to catch the first flight New York. W: If I were you, I'd request the wake-up call from the hotel reception. Q: What does the woman advise the man to do?A.The man's attitude is more sensible than the woman's.B.They have different opinions as to what to do next. √C.They have to pay for the house by installments.D.They will fix a telephone in the bathroom.解析：[听力原文] M: Next, shouldn't we get a telephone installed in the hall? W: Fixing the shower pipe is far more important. Q: What do we learn from the conversation?A.She will no longer get letters from Canada.B.She can't give the stamps to the man's sister. √C.She will save the stamps for the man's sister.D.She has given the stamps to the man's roommates.解析：[听力原文] M: I've noticed that you get letters from Canada from time to time. Would you mind saving the stamps for me? My sister collects them. W: My roommate already asked for them. Q: What does the woman imply?A.Looking for a postcard.B.Visiting the Brownings.C.Filling in a form.D.Writing a postcard. √解析：[听力原文] M: What's the matter? You've been sitting there for ages just staring into space. W: I told the Brownings I'd send them a postcard. Now I don't know what to say. Q: What is the woman doing?A.They should find a better lab for the project.B.The man should meet his partner's needs.C.They should come to a compromise. √D.The man should work with somebody else.解析：[听力原文] M: My chemistry project is in trouble- my partner and I have totally different ideas about how to proceed. W: You should try to meet each other halfway. Q: What does the. woman suggest?（分数：5.00）A.She can't afford a computer right now. √B.She can't finish her assignment, either.C.The man should buy a computer right away.D.The man can use her computer.解析：[听力原文] M: I'm frustrated. We are supposed to do our assigment on the computer. But I have difficulty getting access to the computers in the library. W: I understand the way you feel. I'm looking forward to the day when I can afford to get my own. Q: What does the woman mean?A.The visiting economist has given several lectures.B.Dr. Johnson and the guest speaker were schoolmates.C.Dr. Johnson invited the economist to visit their college.D.The guest lecturer's opinion is different from Dr. Johnson's. √解析：[听力原文] M: The visiting economist is speaking tonight. But Dr. Johnson doesn't seem to think much of him. W: That's because Dr. Johnson comes from an entirely different school of thought. Q: What do we learn from the woman's remark?A.Football is her favorite pastime.B.The game has been canceled.C.Their team played very badly. √D.She's never watched a better game.解析：[听力原文] M: I'm sorry I missed the football game, but I had a terrible cold. W: You didn't miss anything. We couldn't have played worse, Q: What does the woman mean?A.The man should take up a new hobby.B.The man should stop playing tennis.C.The man should stick to what he's doing. √D.The man should find the cause for his failure.解析：[听力原文] M: I think I'm going to give up playing tennis. I lost again today. W: Just because you lost? Is that the reason to quit? Q: What does the woman imply?A.A terrible nightmare.B.An imaginary situation. √C.A real life experience.D.An invented story.解析：[听力原文] M: Jane, what would you do ff you were on vacation overseas and lost all your money and credit cards? W: Well, I guess I'd probably sell my watch and camera, or I might get a job as a waitress somewhere till I made enough money to buy a plane ticket to return home. Q: What are they talking about? '二、{{B}}Section B{{/B}}(总题数：1，分数：3.00){{B}}Passage One Questions 11 to 13 are based on the passage you have just heard.{{/B}} {{B}}Passage One Questions 11 to 13 are based on the passage you have just heard.{{/B}}（分数：3.00）A.A kind of German sausage. √B.A resident of Frankfurt.C.A kind of German bread.D.The name of a German town.解析：[听力原文11-13] Most people know what a hotdog is. It's a sausage in a roll. But do you know why it's called a hotdog? Well, the long red sausage which goes into a hotdog is called the Frankfurter. It got its name from the German town Frankfurt. The. sausages were very popular, but hot frankfurters were difficult to sell in crowds. One man, Harry Stevens, had the job of feeding the crowds' in baseball games. He had an idea- why not put the Frankfurters in long, hot bread roils? This made them easy to sell. The red hots had a hot and attractive taste, and became very popular. But in 1903, an American cartoonist drew a long German sausage dog in place of the Frankfurter. So a Frankfurter in a roll soon became known as a hotdog. It was a joke, but some people really thought the sausages contained dog meat. For a while, sales of hotdogs failed, but not for long. 11.What is a Frankfurter?A.He raised dogs.B.He was a cartoonist.C.He was a cook.D.He sold fast food. √解析：[听力原文] What was Harry Stevens' job?A.Because it was too hot to eat right away.B.Because the Americans found they were from Germany.C.Because people had to get used to their taste.D.Because people thought they contained dog meat. √解析：[听力原文] Why did sales of hotdogs decrease for some time?三、{{B}}Passage Two (总题数：1，分数：3.00)（分数：3.00）A.They extend their water pipes.B.They give out faint cries. √C.They make noises to drive away insects.D.They become elastic like rubber bands.解析：[听力原文14-16] We all scream for water when thirsty. But do you know in very hot, dry weather, plants also make faint sounds- as if they are crying out for help? You see, in a plant's stem, there are hundreds of water pipes that bring water and minerals from the soil ali the way up to the leaves. As the ground turns dry, it becomes harder and harder for the plants to do this. In severe droughts, plants have to fight to pull out any water available. Scientist Robert Winter has found out that when it is really bad, their water pipes snap from the tension like rubber bands. When that happens, the whole plant vibrates a little. The snapping pipes make noises 10,000 times more quiet than a whisper. Robert knows that healthy, well-watered plants are quiet. He also knows that many insects prefer attacking dry plants rather than healthy plants. How do the insects know which are healthy plants and which are not? Robert thinks that the insects may listen for the p]ants that cry. And then they may buzz in to kill. To test this theory, Robert is using a device that can imitate plant cries. He attaches it to a quiet, healthy plant so the plant sounds thirsty. Then he watches the insects to see if they attack more often than usual. If he is right? scien- tists could use the insects' ability against them. They could build traps that imitate crying plants, so when the insects buzz in to eat, they won't buzz out. 14.What do plants do when they are thirsty?A.Thirsty plants. √B.Well-watered plants.C.Quiet plants.D.Healthy plants.解析：[听力原文] What plants do many insects tend to attack?A.They could drive the insects away.B.They could keep the plants well watered.C.They could build devices to trap insects. √D.They could make the plants grow faster.解析：[听力原文] What could scientists do if Robert's theory proves to be true?四、{{B}}Passage Three (总题数：1，分数：4.00)（分数：4.00）A.For education. √B.For adventure.C.To enjoy themselves.D.To look for a different lifestyle.解析：[听力原文17-20] People enjoy taking trips. But what are the reasons they leave home? One reason is for education. People travel because they want to broaden their horizons, to learn about other people and other places. They are curious about other cultures. When people are tourists, they get a quick look at different ways of living. Even a short look at another kind of lifestyle is an important lesson. On a trip, a person can learn directly by visiting museums and historicspots. What does a tourist learn who sees the art museums, visits the historic palaces, and other scenic spots in Paris, and shops along the River Seine? He gets a vivid picture--a real life one- of the French people. He learns about their attitudes: how they feel about business, beauty, and history. What about the tourist who goes to Hong Kong? Does he get the same information that he could: get from a book? He might read that Hong Kong is crowded, that there is less than 200 square meters of space for each person. But seeing and feeling the lack of space will impress him much more. He might read that there are nearly 200 vehicles for every kilometer of roadway, but the sight of so many vehicles parked along the roadside will be a much more vivid lesson. The tourist to Hong Kong will never forget the contrasts -- the straight ver- tical lines of the tall modern buildings and the moving lines of boats that people live in. 17.Why do people leave home to travel according to the passage?A.It has a dense population.B.It has many towering buildings.C.There are 200 vehicles for every kilometer of roadway.D.There are many museums and palaces. √解析：[听力原文] What do we learn from the passage about Paris?A.It has many big and beautiful parks.B.It possesses many historical sites.C.It is a city of contrasts. √D.It is an important industrial center.解析：[听力原文] What impression will a tourist get of Hong Kong?A.It makes our life more interesting.B.It enables Us to acquire first-hand knowledge. √C.It helps develop our personalities.D.It brings about changes in our lifestyle.解析：[听力原文] What does the passage tell us about travelling?五、{{B}}Part Ⅱ Reading Comprehension{{/B}}(总题数：5，分数：10.00)pared with other TV talk shows, both the Jerry Springer and the Oprah Winfrey are______. （分数：2.00）A.more family-orientedB.more profoundC.relatively formalD.unusually popular √解析：推断题。
2000年1月CET6考试真题及参考答案模板
2000年1月大学英语六级考试真题及参考答案一、单选题第1题：The doctors don't ______ that he will live much longer.A) articulate C) manifestB) anticipate D) monitor【正确答案】：C【参考解析】：无第2题：I suggest we put the scheme into effect, for it is quite ______.A) eligible C) probableB) sustainable D) feasible【正确答案】：A【参考解析】：无第3题：The old gentleman was a very ______ looking person, with grey hair and gold spectacles.A) respectful C) respective B) respected D) respectable【正确答案】：B【参考解析】：无第4题：This book is expected to ______ the best-seller lists.A) promote C) dominate B) prevail D) exemplify【正确答案】：D【参考解析】：无第5题：That part of the city has long been ______ for its street violence.A) notorious C) historicalB) responsible D) illegal【正确答案】：D【参考解析】：无第6题：Under the guidance of their teacher, the pupils are building a model boat ______ by steam.A) towed C) tossed B) pressed D) propelled【正确答案】：C【参考解析】：无第7题：Having finished their morning work, the clerks stood up behind their desks, ______ themselves.A) expanding C) prolongingB) stretching D) extending【正确答案】：A【参考解析】：无第8题：England's team, who are now superbly fit, will be doing their best next week to ______ themselves for last year's defeat.A) revive C) revenge B) retort D) remedy【正确答案】：C【参考解析】：无第9题：If you want to get into that tunnel, you first have to ______ away all the rocks.A) haul C) repel B) transfer D) dispose【正确答案】：B【参考解析】：无第10题：It took us only a few hours to ______ the paper off all four walls.A) shear C) strokeB) scrape D) chip【正确答案】：D【参考解析】：无第11题：The famous scientist ______ his success to hard work.A) imparted C) ascribedB) granted D) acknowledged【正确答案】：B【参考解析】：无第12题：It is difficult to ______ of a plan to end poverty.A) speculate C) ponder B) conceive D) reckon【正确答案】：D【参考解析】：无第13题：Now the cheers and applause ______ in a single sustained roar.A) mingled C) assembled B) concentrated D) permeated【正确答案】：C【参考解析】：无第14题：Improved consumer confidence is ______ to an economic recovery.A) crucial C) cumulative B) subordinate D) satisfactory【正确答案】：C【参考解析】：无第15题：Although the body is made up of many different tissues, these tissues are arranged in an ______ and orderly fashion.A) incredible C) internalB) intricate D) initial【正确答案】：A【参考解析】：无第16题：If you work under a car when repairing it, you often get very ______.A) waxy C) stickyB) slippery D) greasy【正确答案】：A【参考解析】：无第17题：The damage to his car was ______; therefore, he could repair it himself.A) considerable C) negligibleB) appreciable D) invisible【正确答案】：B【参考解析】：无第18题：My sister is quite ______ and plans to get an M. A. degree within one year.A) aggressive C) considerateB) enthusiastic D) ambitious【正确答案】：C【参考解析】：无第19题：The manager tried to wave aside these issues as ______ details that would be settled later.A) versatile C) preliminaryB) trivial D) alternate【正确答案】：B【参考解析】：无第20题：His ______ was telling him that something was wrong.A) intuition C) inspirationB) hypothesis D) sentiment【正确答案】：D【参考解析】：无第21题：This book is about how these basic beliefs and values affect important ______ of American life.A) fashions C) facetsB) frontiers D) formats【正确答案】：B【参考解析】：无第22题：Parents often faced the ______ between doing what they felt was good for the development of the child and what they could stand by way of undisciplined noise and destructiveness.A) paradox C) dilemmaB) junction D) premise【正确答案】：D【参考解析】：无第23题：Clark felt that his ______ in one of the most dramatic medical experiments of all time was worth the suffering he underwent.A) apprehension C) presentationB) appreciation D) participation【正确答案】：B【参考解析】：无第24题：As one of the youngest professors in the university, Miss King is certainly on the ______ of a brilliant career.A) threshold C) porchB) edge D) course【正确答案】：C【参考解析】：无第25题：The ______ lawyer made a great impression on the jury.A) protecting C) defendingB) guarding D) shielding【正确答案】：A【参考解析】：无第26题：Very few people understood his lecture, the subject of which was very ______.A) dim C) conspicuousB) obscure D) intelligible【正确答案】：B【参考解析】：无第27题：This movie is not ______ for children to see: it contains too much violence and too many love scenes.A) profound C) decentB) valid D) upright【正确答案】：D【参考解析】：无第28题：The wood was so rotten that, when we pulled, it ______ into fragments.A) broke off C) broke throughB) broke away D) broke up【正确答案】：C【参考解析】：无第29题：The detective and his assistant have begun to ______ the mysterious murder.A) come through C) make overB) look into D) see to【正确答案】：A【参考解析】：无第30题：Sadly, the Giant Panda is one of the many species now in danger of ______.A) extinction C) destructionB) migration D) extraction【正确答案】：B【参考解析】：无二、阅读理解第31题：In the world of entertainment, TV talk shows have undoubtedly flooded every inch of space on daytime television. And anyone who watches them regularly knows that each one varies in style and format. But no two shows are more profoundly opposite in content, while at the same time standing out above the rest, than the Jerry Springer and the Oprah Winfrey shows.Jerry Springer could easily be considered the king of "trash talk (废话)". Thetopics on his show are as shocking as shocking can be. For example, the show takes the ever-common talk show themes of love, sex, cheating, guilt, hate, conflict and morality to a different level. Clearly, the Jerry Springer show is a display and exploitation of society's moral catastrophes (灾难), yet people are willing to eat up the intriguing predicaments (困境) of other people's lives.Like Jerry Springer, Oprah Winfrey takes TV talk show to its extreme, but Oprah goes in the opposite direction. The show focuses on the improvement of society and an individual's quality of life. Topics range from teaching your children responsibility, managing your work week, to getting to know your neighbors.Compared to Oprah, the Jerry Springer show looks like poisonous waste being dumped on society. Jerry ends every show with a "final word". He makes a small speech that sums up the entire moral of the show. Hopefully, this is the part where most people will learn something very valuable.Clean as it is, the Oprah show is not for everyone. The show's main target audience are middle-class Americans. Most of these people have the time, money, and stability to deal with life's tougher problems. Jerry Springer, on the other hand, has more of an association with the young adults of society. These are 18- to 21-year-olds whose main troubles in life involve love, relationship, sex, money and peers. They are the ones who see some value and lessons to be learned underneath the show's exploitation.While the two shows are as different as night and day, both have ruled the talk show circuit for many years now. Each one caters to a different audience while bothhave a strong following from large groups of fans. Ironically, both could also be considered pioneers in the talk show world.1. Compared with other TV talk shows, both the Jerry Springer and the Oprah Winfrey are _____.A) more family-oriented C) more profoundB) unusually popular D) relatively formal2. Though the social problems Jerry Springer talks about appear distasteful, the audience _____.A) remain fascinated by them C) remain indifferent to themB) are ready to face up to them D) are willing to get involved in them3. Which of the following is likely to be a topic of the Oprah Winfrey show?A) A new type of robot. C) Family budget planning.B) Racist hatred. D) Street violence.4. Despite their different approaches, the two talk shows are both _____.A) ironical C) instructiveB) sensitive D) cynical5. We can learn from the passage that the two talk shows _____.A) have monopolized the talk show circuit C) appear at different times of the dayB) exploit the weaknesses in human nature D) are targeted at different audiences1小题>、【正确答案】：D2小题>、【正确答案】：C3小题>、【正确答案】：D4小题>、【正确答案】：B5小题>、【正确答案】：A【参考解析】：无第32题：To understand the marketing concept, it is only necessary to understand the difference between marketing and selling. Not too many years ago, most industries concentrated primarily on the efficient production of goods, and then relied on "persuasive salesmanship" to move as much of these goods as possible. Such production and selling focuses on the needs of the seller to produce goods and then convert them into money.Marketing, on the other hand, focuses on the wants of consumers. It begins with first analyzing the preferences and demands of consumers and then producing goods that will satisfy them. This eye-on-the-consumer approach is known as the marketing concept, which simply means that instead of trying to sell whatever is easiest to produce or buy for resale, the makers and dealers first endeavor to find out what the consumer wants to buy and then go about making it available for purchase.This concept does not imply that business is benevolent（慈善的）or that consumer satisfaction is given priority over profit in a company. There are always two sides to every business transaction - the firm and the customer - and each must be satisfied before trade occurs. Successful merchants and producers, however, recognize that the surest route to profit is through understanding and catering to customers. A striking example of the importance of catering to the consumer presented itself in mid-1985, when Coca Cola changed the flavor of its drink. The non-acceptance of the new flavor by a significant portion of the public brought about a prompt restoration of the Classic Coke, which was then marketed alongside the new. King Customer ruled!1. The marketing concept discussed in the passage is, in essence, _____.A) the practice of turning goods into money C) the customer-centred approachB) making goods available for purchase D) a form of persuasive salesmanship2. What was the main concern of industrialists before the marketing concept was widely accepted?A) The needs of the market. C) The satisfaction of the user.B) The efficiency of production. D) The preferences of the dealer.3. According to the passage, "to move as much of these goods as possible" (Lines 3-4, Para. 1) means "______".A) to sell the largest possible amount of goodsB) to transport goods as efficiently as possibleC) to dispose of these goods in large quantitiesD) to redesign these goods for large-scale production4. What does the restoration of the Classic Coke best illustrate?A) Traditional goods have a stronger appeal to the majority of people.B) It takes time for a new product to be accepted by the public.C) Consumers with conservative tastes are often difficult to please.D) Products must be designed to suit the taste of the consumer.5. In discussing the marketing concept, the author focuses on _____.A) its main characteristic C) its possible consequenceB) its social impact D) its theoretical basis1小题>、【正确答案】：B2小题>、【正确答案】：C3小题>、【正确答案】：C4小题>、【正确答案】：A5小题>、【正确答案】：D【参考解析】：无第33题：Conventional wisdom about conflict seems pretty much cut and dried. Too little conflict breeds apathy (冷漠) and stagnation (呆滞). Too much conflict leads todivisiveness (分裂) and hostility. Moderate levels of conflict, however, can spark creativity and motivate people in a healthy and competitive way.Recent research by Professor Charles R. Schwenk, however, suggests that the optimal level of conflict may be more complex to determine than these simple generalizations. He studied perceptions of conflict among a sample of executives. Some of the executives worked for profit-seeking organizations and others for not-for-profit organizations.Somewhat surprisingly, Schwenk found that opinions about conflict varied systematically as a function of the type of organization. Specifically, managers in not-for-profit organizations strongly believed that conflict was beneficial to their organizations and that it promoted higher quality decision making than might be achieved in the absence of conflict.Managers of for-profit organizations saw a different picture. They believed that conflict generally was damaging and usually led to poor-quality decision making in their organizations. Schwenk interpreted these results in terms of the criteria for effective decision making suggested by the executives. In the profit-seeking organizations, decision-making effectiveness was most often assessed in financial terms. The executives believed that consensus rather than conflict enhanced financial indicators.In the not-for-profit organizations, decision-making effectiveness was defined from the perspective of satisfying constituents. Given the complexities and ambiguities associated with satisfying many diverse constituents executivesperceived that conflict led to more considered and acceptable decisions.1. In the eyes of the author, conventional opinion on conflict is .A) wrong C) misleadingB) oversimplified D) unclear2. Professor Charles R. Schwenk's research shows .A) the advantages and disadvantages of conflictB) the real value of conflictC) the difficulty in determining the optimal level of conflictD) the complexity of defining the roles of conflict3. We can learn from Schwenk's research that .A) a person's view of conflict is influenced by the purpose of his organizationB) conflict is necessary for managers of for-profit organizationsC) different people resolve conflicts in different waysD) it is impossible for people to avoid conflict4. The passage suggests that in for-profit organizations .A) there is no end of conflictB) expression of different opinions is encouragedC) decisions must be justifiableD) success lies in general agreement5. People working in a not-for-profit organization .A) seem to be difficult to satisfy C) are less effective in making decisionsB) are free to express diverse opinions D) find it easier to reach agreement1小题>、【正确答案】：A2小题>、【正确答案】：B3小题>、【正确答案】：D4小题>、【正确答案】：C5小题>、【正确答案】：D【参考解析】：无第34题：Imagine eating everything delicious you want - with none of the fat. That would be great, wouldn't it?New "fake fat" products appeared on store shelves in the United States recently, but not everyone is happy about it. Makers of the products, which contain a compound called olestra, say food manufacturers can now eliminate fat from certain foods. Critics, however, say the new compound can rob the body of essential vitamins and nutrients (营养物) and can also cause unpleasant side effects in some people. So it's up to consumers to decide whether the new fat-free products taste good enough to keep eating.Chemists discovered olestra in the late 1960s, when they were searching for a fat that could be digested by infants more easily. Instead of finding the desired fat, the researchers created a fat that can't be digested at all.Normally, special chemicals in the intestines (肠) "grab" molecules of regularfat and break them down so they can be used by the body. A molecule of regular fat is made up of three molecules of substances called fatty acids.The fatty acids are absorbed by the intestines and bring with them the essential vitamins A, D, E, and K. When fat molecules are present in the intestines with any of those vitamins, the vitamins attach to the molecules and are carried into the bloodstream.Olestra, which is made from six to eight molecules of fatty acids, is too large for the intestines to absorb. It just slides through the intestines without being broken down. Manufacturers say it's that ability to slide unchanged through the intestines that makes olestra so valuable as a fat substitute. It provides consumers with the taste of regular fat without any bad effects on the body. But critics say olestra can prevent vitamins A, D, E, and K from being absorbed. It can also prevent the absorption of carotenoids (类胡萝卜素), compounds that may reduce the risk of cancer, heart disease, etc.Manufacturers are adding vitamins A, D, E, and K as well as carotenoids to their products now. Even so, some nutritionists are still concerned that people might eat unlimited amounts of food made with the fat substitute without worrying about how many calories they are consuming.1. We learn from the passage that olestra is a substance that ______.A) contains plenty of nutrientsB) renders foods calorie-free while retaining their vitaminsC) makes foods easily digestibleD) makes foods fat-free while keeping them delicious2 The result of the search for an easily digestible fat turned out to be ______.A) commercially useless C) somewhat controversialB) just as anticipated D) quite unexpected3. Olestra is different from ordinary fats in that ______.A) it passes through the intestines without being absorbedB) it facilitates the absorption of vitamins by the bodyC) it helps reduce the incidence of heart diseaseD) it prevents excessive intake of vitamins4. What is a possible negative effect of olestra according to some critics?A) It may impair the digestive system. C) It may increase the risk of cancer.B) It may affect the overall fat intake. D) It may spoil the consumers' appetite.5. Why are nutritionists concerned about adding vitamins to olestra?A) It may lead to the over-consumption of vitamins.B) People may be induced to eat more than is necessary.C) The function of the intestines may be weakened.D) It may trigger a new wave of fake food production.1小题>、【正确答案】：B2小题>、【正确答案】：C3小题>、【正确答案】：B4小题>、【正确答案】：A5小题>、【正确答案】：A【参考解析】：无三、改错题第35题：Until the very latest moment of his existence, man has been bound to the planet on which he originated and developed. Now he had the capability to leave that planet and move out into the universe to those worlds which he has known previously only directly. Men have explored parts of the moon, put spaceships in orbit around another planet and possibly within the decade will land into another planet and explore it. Can we be too bold as to suggest that we may be able to colonize other planet within the not-too-distant future? Some have advocated such a procedure as a solution to the population problem: ship the excess people off to the moon. But we must keep in head the billions of dollars we might spend in carrying out the project. To maintain the earth's population at its present level, we would have to blast off into space 7,500 people every hour of every day of the year.Why are we spending so little money on space exploration? Consider the great need for improving many aspects of the global environment, one is surely justified in his concern for the money and resources that they are poured into the space exploration efforts. But perhaps we should look at both sides of the coinbefore arriving hasty conclusions.12345678910【参考答案】：1. hadàhas. 根据全文时态可以看出此处应用现在完成时而非过去完成时，并且本句中有明显时间副词now。
2000年1月大学英语四级考试试题
2000 年 1 月大学英语四级考试一试题附：听力原文及参照答案Part I Listening Comprehension (20 mi nutes)Section ADirections:In this section，you will hear 10 short conve rsation s.At the end of each conversation ， a question will be asked about what was said .Both the conversationand the question will be spoken only once.After each question there will be a pause.During the pause，you must read the four choices marked A)，B)，C) and D)，and decide which is the best answer.Then mark the corresponding le tter on theAnswer Sheet with a single line through the centre.Example: You will hear:You will read: A) At the office. B) In the waiting room.C) At the airport. D) In a restaurant.From the conversation we know that the two were talking about some work theyhad to finish in the evening.This is most likely to have taken place at the［ A］on the office .Therefore ，A) “At the office ”is the best answer.You should chooseAnswer Sheet and mark it with a single line through the centre.Sample Answer［ A ］［B］［C］［D］1.A) The woman is close friend of the man. B) The woman has been w orking toohard.C) The woman is seeing a doctor. D) The woman is tired of her work.2.A) This apple pie tastes very good. B) His mother likes the pie very much. C) This pie can't match his mother's. D) His mother can't make apple pies.3.A) T ake a walk. B) Give a performance.C)Listen to the music. D) Dance to the music.4. A) Read an article on political science.B)Present a different theory to the class.C)Read more than one article.D)Choose a better article to read.5.A) The woman would understand if she did Mary's job.B) The woman should do the typing for Mary.C) The woman should work as hard as Mary.D) The woman isn't a skillful typist.6.A) He wants to make an appointment with Mr.Smith.B) He wants to make sure that Mr.Smith will see him.C) He wants to change the time of the appointment. D)He wants the woman to meet him at three o'clock.7.A) He gets nervous vesily.. B) He is an inexperienced speaker. C)He is an awful speaker. D) He hasn't prepared his speech well.8A) She didn't like the books the man bought.B) There wasn't a large selection at the bookstore.C) The man bought a lot of books.D)She wanted to see what the man bought.9. A) Buy a ticket for the ten o'clock flight.B)Ask the man to change the ticket for her.C)Go to the airport immediately.D)Switch to a different flight.10. A) Dr.Lemon is waiting or a patient.B)Dr.Lemon is busy at the moment.C)Dr.Lemon has lost his patience.D)Dr.Lemon has gone out to visit a patient.Section BDirections:In this section ， you will hear 3 short passages .At the end of each passage ，you will hear some questions.Both the passage and the questions will bespoken only once.After you hear a question，you must choose the best answer fromthe four choices marked A)，B)，C) and D) .Then mark the corresponding letter onthe Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 11 to 14 are based on the passage you have just heard.11.A) A car outside the supermarket. B) A car at the bottom of the hill.C) Paul's car. D) The sports car.12.A) inside the car. B) At the foot of the hill.C) In the garatge. D) In the supermarket.13. A) The driver of the sports car. B) The two girls inside the car.C) The bus driver. D) Paul.14. A) Nobody. B) The two girls.C)The man standing nearby. D) The salesman from London. Passage TwoQuestions 15 to 17 are based on the passage you have just heard.15.A) His friend gave him the wrong key. B)He didn't know where the back door was. C)He couldn't find the key to his mailbox. D) Itwas too dark to put the key in the lock.16.A) It was getting dark.B)He was afraid of being blamed by his friend.C)The birds might have flown away.D)His friend would arrive any time.17.A) He looked silly with only one leg inside the window.B) He knew the policeman would't believe him.C) The torch light made him look very foolish.D) He realised that he had made a mistake.Passage Three Questions 18 to 20 are based on the passage you have just heard.18.A) The threat of poisonous desert animals and plants.B)The exhaustion of energy resources.C)The destruction of oil wells.D) The spread of the black powder from the fires.19. A) The underground oil resources have not been affected.B)Most of the desert animals and plants have managed to survive.C)The oil lakes soon dried up and stopped evaporating.D)The underground water resources have not been polluted..20.A) To restore the normal production of the oil wells.B) To estimate the losses caused by the fires.C) To remove the oil left in the desert.D) To use the oil left in the oil lakes.Part Ⅱ Reading Comprehension(35 minu tes)Directions: There are 4 passages in this part.Each passage is followed questions or unfinished statements.For each of them there are four by some choi cesmarked A) ， B)， C) and D) .You should decide on the best choicecorresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre.Questions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage:and mark theUnless we spend money to spot andpreventasteroids(小行星)now，one might crash into Earth and destroy life as we know it， say some scientists.Asteroids are bigger versions of the meteoroids(流星)that race acros s the nightsky.Most orbit the sun far from Earth and don't threaten us.But th ere are also thousads whose orbits put them on a collision course with Earth.Buy $ 50 million worth of new telescopes right now.Then spend $ 10 million a yearfor the next 25 years to locate most of the space rocks.By the time we spot a fatalone ， the scientists say，we'll have a way to change its course.Some scientists favor pushing asteroids off course with nuclear weapons.But thecost wouldn't be cheap.Is it worth it? Two things experts consider when judging any risk are: 1) How likelythe event is; and 2) How bad the consequences if the event occurs.Experts think anasteroid big enough to destroy lots of life might strike Earth once eve ry 500， 000 years.Sounds pretty rare-but if one did fall， it would be the end of the world.“If we don't take care of these big asteroids，they'll take care of us，”says one scientist.“It's that simple.”The cure，though， might be worse than the disease.Do we really want fleets ofnuclear weapons sitting around on Earth?“The world has less to fear from，”said doomsday( 毁坏性的 ) rocks than from a great nuclear fleet set against them aNew York Times article.21.What does the passage say about asteroids and meteoroids?A) They are heavenly bodies different in composition.B) They are heavenly bodies similar in nature.C) There are more asteroids than meteoroids.D) Asteroids are more mysterious than meteoroids.22.What do scientists say about the collision of an asteroid with Earth?A) It is very unlikely but the danger exists.B)Such a collision might occur once every 25 years.C)Collisions of smaller asteroids with Earth occur more often than expected.D)It's still too early to say whether such a collision might occur..23.What do people think of the suggestion of using nuclear weapons to alter thecourse of asteroids?A) It sounds practical but it may not solve the problem.B) It may create more problems than it might solve.C) It is a waste of money because a collision of asteroids with Earth isvery unlikely.D) Further research should be done before it is proved applicable.24.We can conclude from the passage that .A)while pushing asteroids off course nuclear weapons would destroy the worldB)asteroids racing across the night sky are likely to hit Earth in the near futureC)the worry about asteroids can be left to future generations since it is unlikelyto happen in our lifetimeD)workable solutions still have to be found to prevent a collision of asteroidswith Earth.25. Which of the following best describes the author's tone in this pass age?A)Optimistic. B) Critical. C) Objective. D) Arbitrary.Questions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage:Believe it or not，optical illusion (错觉) can cut highway crashes.Japan is a case inpoint.It has reduced automobile crashes on some roads by nea rly 75 percent usinga simple optical illusion.Bent stripes， called chevrons (人字形 )painted on the roads make drivers think that they are d riving faster than they really are，and thus drivers slow down.Now the American Association Foundation for Traffic Safety in Washington D.C.is planning to rep eat Japan's success.Starting next year,the foundation will paint chevrons and other patterns of stripes on selected roads around the country to test how well the patterns reduce highway crashes.Excessivespeed plays a major role role in as much as one fifth of all fatal traffic accidents,according to the foundation.To help reduce those accidents， the foundation will conduct its tests in areas where speed-related hazards are the greatest - curves，exit slopes，traffic c ircles，and bridges.Some studies suggest that straight，horizontal bars painted across roads can initially cut the average speed ofdrivers in half.However，t raffic often returns to full speed within months as driversbecome used to seeing the painted bar.Chevrons， scientists say ， not only give drivers the impress ion that they are driving faster than they really are but also make a lane sppea r to be narrower.The result is a longer lasting reduction in highway speed and the number of traffic accidents.26. The passage mainly discusses .A)a new way of highway speed controlB)a new pattern for painting highwaysC)a new approach to training driversD) a new type of optical illusion27.On roads painted with chevrons drivers tend to feel that.A) they should avoid speed - related hazardsB) they are driving in the wrong lane C)they should slow down their speed D)they are approaching the speed limit28. The advantage of chevrons over straight，horizontal bars is that the former .A)can keep drivers awakeB)can cut road accidents in halfC)will have a longer effect on driversD)will look more attractive29.The American Association Foundation for Traffic Safety plans to .A) try out the Japanese method in certain areasB) change the road signs across the countryC) replace straight ， horizontal bars with chevrons D)repeat the Japanese road patterns30. What does the author say about straight，horizontal bars painted acr oss roads?A)They are falling out of use in the United States.B)They tend to be ignored by drivers in a short period of time.C)They are applicable only on broad roads.D)They cannot be applied successfully to traffic circles..Questions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage:Amtrak(美国铁路客运企业)was experiencing a downswing in riders hip( 客运量)along the lines comprising its rail system.Of major concern t o Amtrak and itsadvertising agency DDB Needham， were the long - distance wester n routes whereridership had been declining significantly.At one time ， trains w ere the onlypractical way to cross the vast areas of the west.Trains were fast ， ver ， 'luxurious ， and quite convenient compared to other forms of transportation existing at thetime.However， times change and the automolile became America's standard of convenience.Also ， air travel had easily established itself as the fastest method oftraveling great distances .Therefore， the task for DDB Needham was to encourageconsumers to consider other aspects of train travel in order t o change theirattitudes and increase the likelihood that trains would be consid ered for travel inthe west.Two portions of the total market were targeted: 1) anxious fliers- thoseconcermed with safety， relaxation， and cleanliness and 2) travel - lovers - thoseviewing themselves as relaxed， casual ， and interested in the travel ecperience aspart of their vacation.The agency then developed a campaign that focused ontravel experiences such as freedom，escape，relaxation，and enjoyment of the greatwestern outdoors.It stressed experiences gained by u sing the trains and portrayedwestern train trips as wonderful adventures.Adver tisements showed pictures of thebeautiful scenery that could be enjoyed along s ome of the more famous westernroutes and emphasized the romantic names of some of these trains(Empire Builder，etc.).These ads were strategically placed among family- oriented TV shows and programs involving nature and America in order t o most effectively reach targetaudiences.Resultswere impressive.The Empire Bu ilder.Which was focused on in onead.enjoyed a 15 percent increase in profits on its Chicago to Seattle route.31. What's the author's purpose in writing this passage?A)To show the inability of trains to compete with planes with respect tospeed and convenience.B)To stress the influence of the automobile on America's standard of convenience.C)To emphasize the function of travel agencies in market promotion.D) To illustrate the important role of persuasive communiation in changing consum-er attitudes.32.It can be inferred from the passage that the drop in Amtrak ridership was duetothe fact that ______ .A) trains were not suitable for short distance passenger transportation B)trains were not the fastest and most convenient form of transportation C)trains were not as fast and convenient as they used to beD) trains could not compete with planes in terms of luxury and convenience33. To encourage consumers to travel by train，DDB Needham emphasized ______ .A)the freedom and convenience provided on trainsB)the practical aspests of travelC)the adventurous aspects of train tripsD)the safety and cleanliness of train trips34. The train ads were placed among family - oriented TV programs involv ing natureand America because ______ .A)they could focus on meaningful travel experiencesB)they could increase the effectiveness of the TV programsC)their profits could be increased by some 15 percentD)most travel - lovers and nervous fliers were believed to be among the audiences35. According to the passage，the Empire Builder enjoyed an increase in ridershipandprofits because ______ .A)the attractiveness of its name and route was effectively advertisedB)it provided an exciting travel experienceC)its passengers could enjoy the great western outdoorsD)it was widely advertised in newspapers and magazines in Chicago andSeattle Questions 36 to 40 are based on the following passage:Why does cream go bad faster than butter?Some researchers think they the answer， and it comes down to the structure of the food， not its chemical composition- a finding that could help rid some processed foods of chemical preservatives.C ream and butter contain pretty much the same substances，so whycream should sou r muchfaster has been a mystery.Both are emulsions- tiny globules(小球 )of one liquid evenly distributed throughout another.The difference lies in what's in the globules and what's in the surrounding liquid， says Brocklehurst ， who led the investigation.In cream，fatty globules and what's in the surround ing liquid， says Brocklehurst， who led the investigation.In cream， fatty globul es drift about in a sea of water.In butter，globules of a watery solution are l ocked away in a sea of fat.The bacteria which make the food go bad prefer to li ve inthe watery regions of the mixture.”This means that in cream，the bacteria are free to grow throughout the mixture，”he says.When the situation is revers ed，the bacteria are locked away in compartments (密封仓 ) buried dee p in the sea of fat.Trapped inthis way，individual colonies cannot spread and rapidly run out of nutrients.Theyalso slowly poison themselves with their wast e products.”In butter，you get a self -limiting system which stops the bacteri a growing，”says Brocklehurst.The researchers are already working with food com panies keen to see if their productscan be made resistant to bacterial attack t hrough alterations to the food's structure.Brocklehurst believes it will be pos sible to make the emulsions used insalad cream，for instance，more like that in butter.The key will be to do this whilekeeping the salad cream liquid and not turning it into a solid lump.36. The significance of Brocklehurst's research is that ______ .A)it suggested a way to keep some foods fresh without preservativesB)it discovered tiny globules in both cream and butterC)it revealed the secret of how bacteria multiply in cream and butterD) it found that cream and butter share the same chemical composition37. According to the researchers.cream sours faster than butter because bacteria_____ .A)are more evenly distributed in creamB)multiply more easily in cream than is butterC)live on less fat in cream than in butterD)produce less waste in cream t han in butter38. According to Brocklehurst，we can keep cream fresh by ______ .A) removing its fat B) killing the bacteriaC) reducing its water content D) altering its structure39.The word “colonies ”(Line 2 ， Para.4) refers to ______ .A) tiny globules B) watery regionsC) bacteria communities D) little compartmentsmercial application of the research finding will be possible if s aladcream can be made resistant to bacterial attack ______ .A) by varying its chemical composition B) by turning it into a solid lump C)while keeping its structure unchanged D) while retaining its liquid formPart Ⅲ Vocabulary and Structure(20 m inutes)Directions: There are 30 incomplete sentences in this part.For each sentence thereare f our choices marked A) ， B) ， C) and D) .Choose the ONE answer that bestcompletes the sentence.Then mark the corresponding letter on the Anwer Sheetwith a single line through the centre.41. She ought to stop work；she has a headache because she ______ too long.A) has been reading B) had read C) is reading D) read42.Niagara Falls is a great tourist ______ drawing millions of visitors every year.A) attention B) attraction C) appointment D) arrangement43.I don't mind ______ the decision as long as it is not too late.A)you to delay making B) your delaying makingC)your delaying to make D) you delay to make44. The hopes goals，fears and desires widely between men and women，between the richand the poor.A) alter B) shift C) transfer D) vary45. Corn originated in the New World and thus was not known in Europe until Columbusfound it ______ in Cuba.A) being cultivated B) been cultivated C) having cultivated D) cultivating46. The sale usually takes place outside the house,with the audience _____ on benches ，chairs or boxes.A) having seated B) seating C) seated D) having been seated47. This kind of glasses manufactured by experienced craftsmen______comfortably.A) is worn B) wears C) wearing D) are worn48Some diseases are _____ by certain water animals. A)transplanted B) transformed C) transported D) transmitted49.Wouldn't you rather your child _______ to bed early?A) go B) went C) would go D) goes50.Although Anne is happy with her success she wonders _____ will hap pen toher private life.A) that B) what C) it D) this51.The words of his old teacher left a _____ impression on his mind.He is stillinfluenced by them.A) long B) lively C) lasting D) liberal52.Mike's uncle insists ______ in this hotel.A) staying not B) not to stay C) that he would not stay D) that he not stay53.We agreed to accept ______ they thought was the best tourist guide.A) whatever B) whomever C) whichever D) whoever54.It is our ______ policy that we will achieve unity through peaceful means.A) consistent B) continuous C) considerate D) continual55.Between 1974 and 1997，the number of overseas visitors expanded ______ 27%.A) by B) for C) to D) in56. Although many people view conflict as bad ， conflict is sometimes useful it forcespeople to test the relative merits of their attitudes are behaviors.A) by which B) to which C) in that D) so that57.He is ______ about his chances of winning a gold medal in the Olymp ics nextyear.A) optimistic B) optional C) outstanding D) obvious58.Sometimes I wish I ______ in a different time and a different place .59.The director was critical ______ the way we were doing the work.A) at B) in C)of D) with60.In a sudden ______ of anger ，the man tore up everything within reac h. A)attack B) burst C) split D) blast61.______ she realized it was too late to go home.A)No sooner it grew dark than B) Hardly did it grow dark thatC)Scarcely had it grown dark than D) It was not until dark that62. In Britain people ______ four million tons of potatoes every year.A)swallow B) dispose C) consume D) exhaust63. I'd ______ his reputation with other farmers and business people in the community，and then make a decision about whether or not to approve a loan.A) take into account B) account for C) make up for D) make out64.It is essential that these application forms ______ back as early as possible.A) must be sent B) will be sent C) are sent D) be sent65.She cooked the meat for a long time so as to make it ______ enough to eat.A) mild B) slight C) light D) tender66.We take our skin for granted until it is burned ______ repair.A) beyond B) for C) without D) under67.The computer revolution may ewll change society as ______ as did the Industrial Revolution.A) certainly B) insignificantly C) fundamentally D) comparatively68.______ in this way ， the situation doesn't seem so disappointing.A) To look at B) Looking at C) Looked at D) To be looked at69.A lot of ants are always invading my kitchen.They are a thorough ______ .A) nuisance B) trouble C) worry D) anxiety70. Some women ______ a good salary in a job instead of staying home，but they decidednot to work for the sake of the family.A) must make B) should have made C) would make D) could have made试卷二Part IV Cloze (15 min utes)Directions: There are 20 blanks in the following passage.For each blank there arefour choices marked A)，B)，C)and D) on the right side of the paper.You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage.Then mark the corresp onding letteron ， the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre.In a telephone survey of more than 2，000 adults，21% said they believed the sun revolved (旋转)around the earth.An 71 7% did not know which revolved around 72 Ihave no doubt that 73 all o f these people were 74 in school that the earth revolvesarou n d the sun 75 may even have written it 76 at est.But they never 77 their incorrect mental models of planetary(行星的) 78because their every day observations didn't support79 their teachers told them:People see the sun “moving 80 the sky as morning turns to night， and the earth seems stationary (静止的 ) 81 that is happening.Students can learn the right answers 82 heart in class，and yet never combined them 83 their working models of the world.The objectivelycorrect answer the professor accepts and the84 personal understanding of the world Can 85 side by side，each unaffected by the other.Outside of class，the student continues to use the 86 mod el be cause it has alwaysworked well 87 that circumstance.Unless professors address 88 errors in students'personal models of the world，students are not 89 to replace them with the 90 one.71.A) excessive B) extra C) additional D) added72.A) what B) which C) that D) other73.A) virtually B) remarkably C) ideally D) preferably74.A) learned B) suggested C) taught D) advised75.A) those B) these C) who D) they76.A) on B) with C) under D) for77.A) formed B) altered C) believed D) thought78.A) operation B) position C) motion D) location79.A) how B) which C) that D) what80.A) around B) across C) on D) above81.A) since B) so C) while D) for82.A) to B) by C) in D) with83.A) with B) into C) to D) along84.A) adult's B) teacher's C) scientist's D) student's85.A) exist B) occur C) survive D) maintain86.A) private B) individual C) personal D) own87.A) in B) with C) on D) for88.A) general B) natural C) similar D) specific89.A) obliged B) likely C) probable D) partial90.A) perfect B) better C) reasonable D) correctPart V Writing (30 minutes)Directions: For this part，you are allowed thiety minutes to write a com position onthe topic How I Finance my College Education.You should write at least 100 words，and base your composition on the outlide (given in Chinese) below:1. 上大学的花费(tuition and fees)能够经过多种门路解决。
2000年1月大学英语四级考试试题及答案
2000年1月大学英语四级考试试题试卷一Part I Listening Comprehension (20 minutesSection A1. A) The woman is s close friend of the man.B) The woman has been working too hard.C) The woman is seeing a doctor.D) The woman is tired of her work.2. A) This apple pie tastes very good.B) His mother likes the pie very muchC) This pie can’t match his mother’s.D) His mother can’t make apple pies.3. A) Take a walk. B) Give a performance.C) Listen to the music. D) Dance to the music.4. A) Read an article on political science.B) Present a different theory to the class.C) Read more than one article.D) Choose a better article to read.5. A) The woman would understand if she did Ma ry’s job.B) The woman should do the typing for Mary.C) The woman should work as hard as Mary.D) The woman isn’t a skillful typist.6. A) He wants to make an appointment with Mr. Smith.B) He wants to make sure that Mr. Smith will see him.C) He wants to change the time of the appointment.D) He wants the woman to meet him at three o’clock.7. A) He gets nervous vastly. B) He is an inexperienced speaker.C) He is an awful speaker. D) He hasn’t prepar ed his speech well.8. A) She didn’t like the books the man bought.B) There wasn’t a large selection at the bookstore.C) The man bought a lot of books.D) She wanted to see what the man bought.9. A) Buy a ticket for the ten o’clock flight.B) Ask the man to change the ticket for her.C) Go to the airport immediately.D) Switch to a different flight.10. A) Dr. Lemon is waiting for a patient.B) Dr. Lemon is busy at the moment.C) Dr. Lemon has lost his patience.D) Dr. Lemon has gone out to visit a patient.Section BPassage OneQuestions 11 to 14 are based on the passage you have just heard.11. A) A car outside the supermarket. B) A car at the bottom of the hill.C) Paul’s car. D) The sports car.12. A) Inside the car. B) At the foot of the hill.C) In the garage. D) In the supermarket.13. A) The driver of the sports car. B) The two girls inside the car.C) The bus driver. D) Paul.14. A) Nobody. B) The two girls.C) The man standing nearby. D) The salesman from London.Passage TwoQuestions 15 to 17 are based on the passage you have just heard.15. A) His friend gave him the wrong key.B) He didn’t know where the back door was.C) He couldn’t find the key to his mailbox.D) It was too dark to put the key in the lock.16. A) It was getting dark.B) He was afraid of being blamed by his friend.C) The birds might have flown away.D) His friend would arrive any time.17. A) He looked silly with only one leg inside the window.B) He knew the policeman wouldn’t believe him.C) The torchlight made him look very foolish.D) He realized that he had made a mistake.Passage ThreeQuestions 18 to 20 are based on the passage you have just heard.18. A) The threat of poisonous desert animals and plants.B) The exhaustion of energy resources.C) The destruction of oil wells.D) The spread of the black powder from the fires.19. A) The underground oil resources have not been affected.B) Most of the desert animals and plants have managed to survive.C) The oil lakes soon dried up and stopped evaporating.D) The underground water resources have not been polluted.20. A) To restore the normal production of the oil wells.B) To estimate the losses caused by the fires.C) To remove the oil left in the desert.D) To use the oil left in the oil lakes.Part ⅡReading Comprehension (35 minutes)Passage OneQuestions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage.Unless we spend money to spot and prevent asteroids(小行星)now, one might crash into Earth and destroy life as we know it, say some scientists.Asteroids are bigger versions of the meteoroids(流星)that race across the night sky. Most orbit the sun far from Earth and don’t threaten us. But there are also thousands whose orbits put them on a collision course with Earth.Buy $50 million worth of new telescopes right now. Then spend $10 million a year for the next 25 years to locate most of the space rocks. By the time we spot a fatal one, the scientists say, we’ll have a way to change its course.Some scientists favor pushing asteroids off course with nuclear weapons. But the cost wouldn’t be cheap.Is it worth it? Two things experts consider when judging any risk are: 1) How likely the event is; and 2) How bad the consequences if the event occurs. Experts think an asteroid big enough to destroy lots of life might strike Earth once every 500,000 years. Sounds pretty rare—but if one did fall, it would be the end of the world. “If we don’t take care of these big asteroids, they’ll take care of us,” says one scientist. “It’s that simple.”The cure, though, might be worse than the disease. Do we really want fleets of nuclear weapons sitting around on Earth? “The world has less to fear from doomsday(毁灭性的) rocks than from a great nuclear fleet set against them,” said a New York Times article.21. What does the passage say about asteroids and meteoroids?A) They are heavenly bodies different in composition.B) They are heavenly bodies similar in nature.C) There are more asteroids than meteoroids.D) Asteroids are more mysterious than meteoroids.22. What do scientists say about the collision of an asteroid with Earth?A) It is very unlikely but the danger exists.B) Such a collision might occur once every 25 years.C) Collisions of smaller asteroids with Earth occur more often than expected.D) It’s still too early to say whether such a collision might occur.23. What do people think of the suggestion of using nuclear weapons to alter the course of asteroids?A) It sounds practical but it may not solve the problem.B) It may create more problems than it might solve.C) It is a waste of money because a collision of asteroids with Earth is very unlikely.D) Further research should be done before it is proved applicable.24. We can conclude from the passage that .A) while pushing asteroids off course nuclear weapons would destroy the worldB) asteroids racing across the night sky are likely to hit Earth in the near futureC) the worry about asteroids can be left to future generations since it is unlikely to happen in our lifetimeD) workable solutions still have to be found to prevent a collision of asteroids with Earth.25. Which of the following best describes the auth or’s tone in this passage?A) Optimistic. B) Critical. C) Objective. D) Arbitrary.Passage TwoQuestions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage.Believe it or not, optical illusion (错觉) can cut highway crashes.Japan is a case in point. It has reduced automobile crashes on some roads by nearly 75 percent using a simple optical illusion. Bent stripes, called chevrons (人字形) painted on the roads make drivers think that they are driving faster than they really are, and thus drivers slow down.Now the American Association Foundation for Traffic Safety in Washington D.C is planning to rep eat Japan’s success. Starting next year, the foundation will paint chevrons and other patterns of stripes on selected roads around the country to test how well the patterns reduce highway crashes.Excessive speed plays a major role in as much as one fifth of all fatal traffic accidents, according to the foundation. To help reduce those accidents, the foundation will conduct its tests in areas where speed-related hazards are the greatest-curves, exit slopes, traffic circles, and bridges.Some studies suggest that straight, horizontal bars painted across roads can initially cut the average speed of drivers in half. However, traffic often returns to full speed within months as drivers become used to seeing the painted bar. Chevrons, scientists say, not only give drivers the impression that they are driving faster than they really are but also make a lane spear to be narrower. The result is a longer lasting reduction in highway speed and the number of traffic accidents.26. The passage mainly discusses .A) a new way of highway speed controlB) a new pattern for painting highwaysC) a new approach to training driversD) a new type of optical illusion27. On roads painted with chevrons drivers tend to feel that .A) they should avoid speed-related hazardsB) they are driving in the wrong laneC) they should slow down their speedD) they are approaching the speed limit28. The advantage of chevrons over straight, horizontal bars is that the former .A) can keep drivers awakeB) can cut road accidents in halfC) will have a longer effect on driversD) will look more attractive29. The American Association Foundation for Traffic Safety plans to .A) try out the Japanese method in certain areasB) change the road signs across the countryC) replace straight, horizontal bars with chevronsD) repeat the Japanese road patterns30. What does the author say about straight, horizontal bars painted across roads?A) They are falling out of use in the United States.B) They tend to be ignored by drivers in a short period of time.C) They are applicable only on broad roads.D) They cannot be applied successfully to traffic circles.Passage ThreeQuestions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage.Amtrak (美国铁路客运公司) was experiencing a downswing in ridership (客运量) along the lines comprising its rail system. Of major concern to Amtrak and its advertising agency DDB Needham，were the long-distance western routes where ridership had been declining significantly.At one time, trains were the only practical way to cross the vast areas of the west. Trains were fast, very luxurious, and quite convenient compared to other forms of transportation existing at the time. However, times change and automobile became America’s standard of convenience. Also, air travel had easily established itself as the fastest method of traveling great distances. Therefore, the task for DDB Needham was to encourage consumers to consider other aspects of train travel in order to change their attitudes and increase the likelihood that trains would be considered for travel in the west.Two portions of the total market were targeted: 1) anxious fliers-those concerned with safety, relaxation, and cleanliness and 2) travel-lovers-those viewing themselves as relaxed, casual, and interested in the travel experience as part of their vacation. The agency then developed a campaign that focused on travel experiences such as freedom, escape, relaxation, and enjoyment of the great western outdoors. It stressed experiences gained by using the trains and portrayed western train trips as wonderful adventures.Advertisements showed pictures of the beautiful scenery that could be enjoyed along some of the more famous western routes and emphasized the romantic names of some of these trains (Empire Builder, etc.). These ads were strategically placed among family-oriented TV shows and programs involving nature and America in order to most effectively reach target audiences. Results were impressive. The Empire Builder, which was focused on in one ad, enjoyed a 15 percent increase in profits on its Chicago to Seattle route.31. What’’s the author’s purpose in writing this passage?A) To show the inability of trains to compete with planes with respect to speed and convenience.B) To stress the influence of the automobile on America’s standard of convenience.C) To emphasize the function of travel agencies in market promotion.D) To illustrate the important role of persuasive communication in changing consumer attitudes.32. It can be inferred from the passage that the drop in Amtrak rider ship was due to the fact that .A) trains were not suitable for short distance passenger transportationB) trains were not the fastest and most convenient form of transportationC) trains were not as fast and convenient as they used to beD) trains could not compete with planes in terms of luxury and convenience33. To encourage consumers to travel by train, DDB Needham emphasized .A) the freedom and convenience provided on trainsB) the practical aspects of travelC) the adventurous aspects of train tripsD) the safety and cleanliness of train trips34. The train ads were placed among family-oriented TV programs involving nature and America because .A) they could focus on meaningful travel experiencesB) they could increase the effectiveness of the TV programsC) their profits could be increased by some 15 percentD) most travel-lovers and nervous fliers were believed to be among the audiences35. According to the passage, the Empire Builder enjoyed an increase in rider ship and profits because .A) the attractiveness of its name and route was effectively advertisedB) it provided an exciting travel experienceC) its passengers could enjoy the great western outdoorsD) it was widely advertised in newspapers and magazines in Chicago and SeattlePassage FourQuestions 36 to 40 are based on the following passage.Why does cream go bad faster than butter? Some researchers think they have the answer, and it comes down to the structure of the food, not its chemical composition—a finding that could help rid some processed foods of chemical preservatives.Cream and butter contain pretty much the same substances, so why cream should sour much faster has been a mystery. Both are emulsions—tiny globules (小球体) of one liquid evenly distributed throughout another. The difference lies in what’s in the globules and what’s in the surrounding liquid, says Brocklehurst, who led the investigation.In cream, fatty globules drift about in a sea of water. In butter, globules of a watery solution are locked away in a sea of fat. The bacteria which make the food go bad prefer to live in the watery regions of the mixture. “This means that in cream, the bacteria are free to grow throughout the mixture,” he says.When the situation is reversed, the bacteria are locked away in compartments (隔仓室) buried deep in the sea of fat. Trapped in this way, individual colonies cannot spread and rapidly run out of nutrients (养料). They also slowly poison themselves with their waste prod ucts. “In butter, you get a self-limiting system which stops the bacteria growing.” says Brocklehurst.The researchers are already working with food companies keen to see if their products can be made resistant to bacterial attack through alterations to th e food’s structure. Brockiehurst believes it will be possible to make the emulsions used in salad cream, for instance, more like that in butter. The key will be to do this while keeping the salad cream liquid and not turning it into a solid lump.36. The significance of Brocklehurst’s research is that.A) it suggested a way to keep some foods fresh without preservativesB) it discovered tiny globules in both cream and butterC) it revealed the secret of how bacteria multiply in cream and butterD) it found that cream and butter share the same chemical composition37. According to the researchers, cream sours faster than butter because bacteria .A) are more evenly distributed in creamB) multiply more easily in cream than is butterC) live on less fat in cream than in butterD) produce less waste in cream than in butter38. According to Brocklehurst, we can keep cream fresh by .A) removing its fat B) killing the bacteriaC) reducing its water content D) altering its structure39. The word “colonies”(Line 2, Para.4) refers to.A) tiny globules B) watery regionsC) bacteria communities D) little compartments40. Commercial application of the research finding will be possible if salad cream can be made resistant tobacterial attack .A) by varying its chemical composition B) by turning it into a solid lumpC) while keeping its structure unchanged D) while retaining its liquid formPart ⅡVocabulary and Structure (20 minutes)41. She ought to stop work; she has a headache because she too long.A) has been reading B) had readC) is reading D) read42. Niagara Falls is a great tourist , drawing millions of visitors every year.A) attention B) attraction C) appointment D) arrangement43. I don’t mind the decision as long as it is not too late.A) you to delay making B) your delaying makingC) your delaying to make D) you delay to make44. The hopes, goals, fears and desires widely between men and women, between the rich and the poor.A) alter B) shift C) transfer D) vary45. Corn originated in the New World and thus was not known in Europe until Columbus found it in Cuba.A) being cultivated B) been cultivated C) having cultivated D) cultivating46. The sale usually takes place outside the house, with the audience on benches, chairs or boxes.A) having seated B) seating C) seated D) having been seated47. This kind of glasses manufactured by experienced craftsmen comfortably.A) is worn B) wears C) wearing D) are worn48. Some diseases are by certain water animals.A) transplanted B) transformed C) transported D) transmitted49. Wouldn’t you rather your child to bed early?A) go B) went C) would go D) goes50. Although Anne is happy with her success, she wonders will happen to her private life.A) that B) what C) it D) this51. The words of his old teacher left a impression on his mind. He is still influenced by them.A) long B) lively C) lasting D) liberal52. Mike’s uncle insists in this hotel.A) staying not B) not to stayC) that he would not stay D) that he not stay53. We agreed to accept they thought was the best tourist guide.A) whatever B) whomever C) whichever D) whoever54. It is our policy that we will achieve unity through peaceful means.A) consistent B) continuous C) considerate D) continual55. Between 1974 and 1997, the number of overseas visitors expanded 27%.A) by B) for C) to D) in56. Although many people view conflict as bad, conflict is sometimes useful it forces people to test therelative merits of their attitudes and behaviors.A) by which B) to which C) in that D) so that57. He is about his chances of winning a gold medal in the Olympics next year.A) optimistic B) optional C) outstanding D) obvious58. Sometimes I wish I in a different time and a different place.A) be living B) were living C) would live D) would have lived59. The director was critical the way we were doing the work.A) at B) in C) of D) with60. In a sudden of anger, the man tore up everything within reach.A) attack B) burst C) split D) blast61. she realized it was too late to go home.A) No sooner it grew dark than B) Hardly did it grow dark thatC) Scarcely had it grown dark than D) It was not until dark that62. In Britain people four million tons of potatoes every year.A) swallow B) dispose C) consume D) exhaust63. I’d his reputation with other farmers and business people in the community, and then make a decisionabout whether or not to approve a loan.A) take into account B) account for C) make up for D) make out64. It is essential that these application forms back as early as possible.A) must be sent B) will be sent C) are sent D) be sent65. She cooked the meat for a long time so as to make it enough to eat.A) mild B) slight C) light D) tender66. We take our skin for granted until it is burned repair.A) beyond B) for C) without D) under67. The computer revolution may well change society as as did the Industrial Revolution.A) certainly B) insignificantly C) fundamentally D) comparatively68. in this way, the situation doesn’t seem so disappointing.A) To look at B) Looking at C) Looked at D) To be looked at69. A lot of ants are always invading my kitchen. They are a thorough .A) nuisance B) trouble C) worry D) anxiety70. Some women a good salary in a job instead of staying home, but they decided not to work for the sake ofthe family.A) must make B) should have made C) would make D) could have made试卷二Part IV Cloze (15 minutes)In a telephone survey of more than 2,000 adults, 21% said they believed the sun revolved (旋转) around the earth. An 71 7% did not know which revolved around 72 . I have no doubt that 73 all of these people were 74 in school that the earth revolves around the sun 75 may even have written it 76 at east. But they never 77 their incorrect mental models of planetary (行星的) 78 because their every day observations didn’t support 79 their teachers told them: People see the sun “moving 80 ” the sky as morning turns to night, and the earth seems stationary (静止的) 81 that is happening. Students can learn the right answers 82 heart in class, and yet never combined them 83 their working models of the world. The objectively correct answerthe professor accepts and the 84 personal understanding of the world can 85 side by side, each unaffected by the other.Outside of class, the student continues to use 86 model because it has always worked well 87 that circumstance. Unless professors address 88 errors in students’ personal models of the world, students are not 89 to replace them with the 90 one.71. A) excessive B) extra C) additional D) added72. A) what B) which C) that D) other73. A) virtually B) remarkably C) ideally D) preferably74. A) learned B) suggested C) taught D) advised75. A) those B) these C) who D) they76. A) on B) with C) under D) for77. A) formed B) altered C) believed D) thought78. A) operation B) position C) motion D) location79. A) how B) which C) that D) what80. A) around B) across C) on D) above81. A) since B) so C) while D) for82. A) to B) by C) in D) with83. A) with B) into C) to D) along84. A) adult’s B) teacher’s C) scientist’s D) student’s85. A) exist B) occur C) survive D) maintain86. A) private B) individual C) personal D) own87. A) in B) with C) on D) for88. A) general B) natural C) similar D) specific89. A) obliged B) likely C) probable D) partial90. A) perfect B) better C) reasonable D) correctPart V Writing (30 minutes)D i r e c t i o n s:For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic How I Financemy College Education. You should write at least 100 words, and base your composition on theoutline (given in Chinese) below:1.上大学的费用( tuition and fees )可以通过多种途径解决。
【精品】2000年1月全国大学英语四级考试试卷.doc
2000年1月全国大学英语四级考试——试卷Part I Listening Comprehension (20 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear 10 short conversations. At the end of each conversation,a question will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and thequestion will be spoken only once. After each question there will be pause. Duringthe pause, you must read the four choices marked A) , B) , C) and D) , and decidewhich is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheetwith a line through the centre.Example:You will hear:You will read:A) At the office. B) In the waiting room.C) At the airport. D) In a restaurant.From the conversation we know that the two were talking about some work they had to finishin the evening. This is most likely to have taken place at the office. There fore, A) “At t he[A] on the Answer Sheet and mark it with a single office” is the best answer. You should chooseline through the centre.Sample Answer [A] [B] [C] [D]1. A) The woman is a close friend of the man.B) The woman has been working too hard.C) The woman is seeing a doctor.D) The woman is tired of her work.2. A) This apple pie tastes very good. B) His mother likes the pie very much.C) This pie can’t match his mother’s.D) His mother can’t make apple pies.3. A) Take a walk. B) Give a performance.C) Listen to the music. D) Dance to the music.4. A) Read an article on political science. B) Present a different theory to the class.C) Read more than one article. D) Choose a better article to read.5. A) The woman would understand if she did Mary’s job.B) The woman should do the typing for Mary.C) The woman should work as hard as Mary.D) The woman isn’t a skillful typist.6. A) He wants to make an appointment with Mr. Smith.B) He wants to make sure that Mr. Smith will see him.C) He wants to change the time of the appointment.D) He wants the woman to meet him at three o’clock.7. A) He gets nervous very easily. B) He is an inexperienced speaker.C) He is an awful speaker. D) He hasn’t prepared his speech well.8. A) She didn’t like the books the man bought.B) There wasn’t a large selection at the bookstore.C) The man bought a lot of books.D) She wanted to see what the man bought.9. A) Buy a ticket for the ten o’clock flight.B) Ask the man to change the ticket for her.C) Go to the airport immediately.D) Switch to a different flight.10. A) Dr. Lemon is waiting for a patient.B) Dr. Lemon is busy at the moment.C) Dr. Lemon has lost his patience.D) Dr. Lemon has gone out to visit a patient.Section BDirections: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once.After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choicesmarked A) , B) , C) and D) . Then mark the corresponding letter on the AnswerSheet with a single line through the center.Passage oneQuestion 11 to 14 are based on the passage you have just heard.11. A) A car outside the supermarket. B) A car at the bottom of the hill.C) Paul’s car.D) The sports car.12. A) Inside the car. B) At the foot of the hill.C) In the garage. D) In the supermarket.13. A) The driver of the sports car. B) The two girls inside the car.C) The man standing nearby. D) The salesman from London.14. A) Nobody. B) The two girls.C) The bus driver. D) Paul.Questions 15 to 17 are based on the passage you have just heard.15. A) His friend gave him the wrong key.B) He didn’t know where the back door was.C) He couldn’t find the key to his mailbox.D) It was too dark to put the key in the lock.16. A) It was getting dark.B) He was afraid of being blamed by his friend.C) The birds might have flown away.D) His friend would arrive any time.17. A) He looked silly with only one leg inside the window.B) he knew the policeman wou ldn’t believe him.C) The torch light made him look very foolish.D) He realized that he had made a mistake.Passage ThreeQuestions 18 to 20 are based on the passage you have just heard.18. A) The threat of poisonous desert animals and plants.B) The exhaustion of energy resources.C) The destruction of oil wells.D) The spread of the black powder from the fires.19. A) The underground oil resources have not been affected.B) Most of the desert animals and plants have managed to survive.C) The oil lakes soon dried up and stopped evaporating.D) The underground water resources have not been polluted.20. A) To restore the normal production of the oil wells.B) To estimate the losses caused by the fires.C) To remove the oil left in the desert.D) To use the oil left in the oil lakes.Part II Reading Comprehension (35 minutes)Direction:There are 4 passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A) , B) C)and D) . You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter onthe Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.Questions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage:Unless we spend money to spot and prevent asteroids (小行星) now, one might crash intoEarth and destroy life as we know it, say some scientists.Asteroids are bigger versions of the meteoroids (流星) that race across the night sky. Mosts. But there are also thousands of asteroids whoseorbit the sun far from Earth and don’t threaten uorbits put them on a collision course with Earth.Buy $50 million worth of new telescopes right now. Then spend $10 million a year for thenext 25 years to locate most of the space rocks. By the time we spot a fatal one, the scientists say,we’ll have a way to change its course.Some scientists favor pushing asteroids off course with nuclear weapons. But the cost wouldn’t be cheap.Is it worth it? Two things experts consider when judging any risk are: 1) How likely theevent is; and 2) How bad the consequences i f the event occurs. Experts think an asteroid bigenough to destroy lots of life might strike Earth once every 500,000 years. Sounds pretty rare—but if one did fall, it would be the end of the world. “If w e don’t take care of these big asteroids, they’ll take care of us,” says one scientist. “It’s that simple.”The cure, though, might be worse than the disease. Do we really want fleets of nuclearss to fear from doomsday (毁灭性的) rocks weapons sitting around on Earth? “The world has lethan from a great nuclear fleet set against them,” said a New York Times article.21. What does the passage say about asteroids and meteoroids?A) They are heavenly bodies different in composition.B) They are heavenly bodies similar in nature.C) There are more asteroids than meteoroids.D) Asteroids are more mysterious than meteoroids.22. What do scientists say about the collision of an asteroid with Earth?A) It is very unlikely but the danger exists.B) Such a collision might occur once every 25 years.C) Collisions of smaller asteroids with Earth occur more often than expected.D) It’s still too early to say whether such a collision might occur.23. What do people think of the suggestion of using nuclear weapons to alter the courses ofasteroids?A) It sounds practical but it may not solve the problem.B) It may create more problems than it might solve.C) It is a waste of money because a collision of asteroids with Earth is very unlikely.D) Further research should be done before it is proved applicable.24. We can conclude from the passage that ______________.A) while pushing asteroids off course nuclear weapons would destroy the worldB) asteroids racing across the night sky are likely to hit Earth in the near futureC) the worry about asteroids can be left to future generations since it is unlikely to happenin our lifetimeD) workable solutions still have to be found to prevent a collision of asteroids with Earth25. Which of the following best describes the author’s tone in this passage?A) Optimistic. B) Critical. C) Objective. D) Arbitrary.Passage TwoQuestions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage:Believe it or not, optical illusion (错觉) can cut highway crashes.Japan is a case in point. It has reduced automobile crashes on some roads by nearly 75 percent using a simple optical illusion. Bent stripes, called chevrons (人字形) , painted on theroads make drivers think that they are driving faster than they really are, and thus drivers slow down.Now the American Automobile Association Foundation for Traffic Safety in Washington D.C.is planning to repeat Japan’s success. Starting next year, the foundation will paint chevrons and other patterns of stripes on selected roads around the country to test how well the patterns reduce highway crashes.Excessive speed plays a major role in as much as one fifth of all fatal traffic accidents, according to the foundation. To help reduce those accidents, the foundation will conduct its tests inareas where speed-related hazards are the greatest—curves, exit slopes, traffic circles, and bridges.Some studies suggest that straight, horizontal bars painted across roads can initially cut theaverage speed of drivers in half. However, traffic often returns to full speed within months as drivers become used to seeing the painted bars.Chevrons, scientists say, not only give drivers the impression that they are driving faster thanthey really are but also make a lane appear to be narrower. The result is a longer lasting reductionin highway speed and the number of traffic accidents.26. The passage mainly discusses __________.A) a new way of highway speed controlB) a new pattern for painting highwaysC) a new approach to training driversD) a new type of optical illusion27. On roads painted with chevrons, drivers tend to feel that __________.A) they should avoid speed-related hazardsB) they are driving in the wrong laneC) they should slow down their speedD) they are approaching the speed limit28. The advantage of chevrons over straight, horizontal bars is that the former ___________.A) can keep drivers awakeB) can cut road accidents in halfC) will have a longer effect on driversD) will look more attractive29. The American Automobile Association Foundation for Traffic Safety plans to__________.A) try out the Japanese method in certain areasB) change the road signs across the countryC) replace straight, horizontal bars with chevronsD) repeat the Japanese road patterns30. What does the author say about straight, horizontal bars painted across roads?A) They are falling out of use in the United StatesB) They tend to be ignored by drivers in a short period of time.C) They are applicable only on broad roads.D) They cannot be applied successfully to traffic circles.Passage ThreeQuestions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage:Amtrak (美国铁路客运公司) was experiencing a downswing in ridership(客运量) alongthe lines comprising its rail system. Of major concern to Amtrak and its advertising agency DDBNeedham, were the long-distance western routes where ridership had been declining significantly.At one time, trains were the only practical way to cross the vast areas of the west. Trains werefast, very luxurious, and quite convenient compared to other forms of transportation existing at thetime. However, times change and the automobile became America’s standard of convenience. Also, air travel had easily established itself as the fastest method of traveling great distances. Therefore,the task for DDB Needham was to encourage consumers to consider other aspects of train travel inorder to change their attitudes and increase the likelihood that trains would be considered fortravel in the west.Two portions of the total market were targeted: 1) anxious fliers—those concerned withsafety, relaxation, and cleanliness and 2) travel-lovers—those viewing themselves as relaxed,casual, and interested in the travel experience as part of their vacation. The agency then developeda campaign that focused on travel experiences such as freedom, escape, relaxation, and enjoymentof the great western outdoors. It stressed experiences gained by using the trains and portrayedwestern train trips as wonderful adventures.Advertisements showed pictures of the beautiful scenery that could be enjoyed along some ofthe more famous western routes and emphasized the romantic names of some of these trains(Empire Builder, etc.) . These ads were strategically placed among family-oriented TV shows andprograms involving nature and America in order to most effectively reach target audiences. Results were impressive. The Empire Builder, which was focused on in one ad, enjoyed a 15 percent increase in profits on its Chicago to Seattle route.31. W hat’s the author’s purpose in writing this passage?A) To show the inability of trains to compete with planes with respect to speed andconvenience.convenience.B) To stress the influence of the automobile on America’s standard ofC) To emphasize the function of travel agencies in market promotion.D) To illustrate the important role of persuasive communication in changing consumerattitudes.32. It can be inferred from the passage that the drop in Amtrak ridership was due to the factthat ________.A) trains were not suitable for short distance passenger transportationB) trains were not the fastest and most convenient form of transportationC) trains were not as fast and convenient as they used to beD) trains could not compete with planes in terms of luxury and convenience33. To encourage consumers to travel by train, DDB Needham emphasized __________.A) the freedom and convenience provided on trainsB) the practical aspects of train travelC) the adventurous aspects of train tripsD) the safety and cleanliness of train trips34. The train ads were placed among family-oriented TV programs involving nature andAmerica because ____________.A) they could focus on meaningful travel experiencesB) they could increase the effectiveness of the TV programsC) their profits could be increased by some 15 percentD) most travel-lovers and nervous fliers were believed to be among the audiences35. According to the passage, the Empire Builder enjoyed an increase in ridership andprofits because ___________.A) the attractiveness of its name and route was effectively advertisedB) it provided an exciting travel experienceC) its passengers could enjoy the great western outdoorsD) it was widely advertised in newspapers and magazines in Chicago and SEattlePassage FourQuestions 36 to 40 are based on the following passage:Why does ceam go bad faster than butter? Some researchers think they have the answer, andit comes down to the structure of the food, not its chemical composition—a finding that could helprid some processed foods of chemical preservatives.Cream and butter contain pretty much the same substances, so why cream should sour muchfaster has been a mystery. Both are emulsions—tiny globules(小球体) of one liquid evenly distributed throughout another. The difference lies in what’s in the globules and what’s in the surrounding liquid, says Brocklehurst, who led the investigation.In cream, fatty globules drift about in a sea of water. In butter, globules of a watery solutionare locked away in a sea of fat. The bacteria which make the food go bad prefer to live in thewatery regions of the mixture. “This means that in cream, the bacteria are free to grow throughout .the mixture,” he saysWhen the situation is reversed, the bacteria are locked away in compartments(隔仓室)buried deep in the sea of fat. Trapped in this way, individual colonies cannot spread and rapidlyrun out of nutrients (养料) . They also slowly poison themselves with the ir waste products. “In butter, you get a self-limiting system which stops the bacteria growing,” says Brocklehurst.The researchers are already working with food companies keen to see if their products can bemade resistant to bacterial attack through alt erations to the food’s structure. Brocklehurst believes it will be possible to make the emulsions used in salad cream, for instance, more like that in butter.The key will be to do this while keeping the salad cream liquid and not turning it into a solidlump.36. The significance of Brocklehurst’s research is that ____________.A) it suggested a way to keep some foods fresh without preservativesB) it discovered tiny globules in both cream and butterC) it revealed the secret of how bacteria multiply in cream and butterD) it found that cream and butter share the same chemical composition37. According to the researchers, cream sours faster than butter because bacteria _________.A) are more evenly distributed in creamB) multiply more easily in cream than in butterC) live on less fat in cream than in butterD) produce less waste in cream than in butter38. According to Brocklehurst, we can keep cream fresh by ___________.A) removing its fat B) killing the bacteriaC) reducing its water content D) altering its structurerefers to __________.39. The word “colonies” (Line 2, Para. 4)A) tiny globules B) watery regionsC) bacteria communities D) little compartments40. Commercial application of the research finding will be possible if salad cream can be maderesistant to bacterial attack _____________.A) by varying its chemical composition B) by turning it into a solid lumpC) while keeping its structure unchanged D) while retaining its liquid formPart III Vocabulary and Structure (20 minutes)Directions: There are 30 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence thereare four choices marked A) , B) , C) and D) . Choose the ONE that best completesthe sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a singleline through the center.41 She ought to stop work; she has a headache because she _____________ too long.A) has been reading B) had readC) is reading D) read42 Niagara Falls is a great tourist ___________, drawing millions of visitors every year.A) attention B) attractionC) appointment D) arrangement43 I don’t mind ___________ the decision as long as it is not too late.A) you to delay making B) your delaying makingC) your delaying to make D) you delay to make44 The hopes, goals, fears and desires ______________ widely between men and women,between the rich and the poor.A) alter B) shiftC) transfer D) vary45 Corn originated in the New World and thus was not known in Europe until Columbus foundit ______________ in Cuba.A) being cultivated B) been cultivatedC) having cultivated D) cultivating46 The sale usually takes place outside the house, with the audience ___________ on benches,chairs or boxes.A) having seated B) seatingC) seated D) having been seated47 This kind of glasses manufactured by experienced craftsmen ___________ comfortably.A) is worn B) wearsC) wearing D) are worn48 Some diseases are ______________ by certain water animals.A) transplanted B) transformedC) transported D) transmitted49 Wouldn’t you rather your child _________________ to bed early?A) go B) wentC) would go D) goes50 Although Anne is happy with her success she wonders _____________ will happen to herprivate life.A) that B) whatC) it D) this51 The words of his old teacher left a ______ impression on his mind. He is still influenced bythem.A) long B) livelyC) lasting D) liberal52 Mike’s uncle insists ______________ in this hotel.A) staying not B) not to sayC) that he would not stay D) that he not stay53 We agreed to accept ______________ they thought was the best tourist guide.A) whatever B) whomeverC) whichever D) whoever54 It is our ___________ policy that we will achieve unity through peaceful means.A) consistent B) continuousC) considerate D) continual55 Between 1974 and 1997, the number of overseas visitors expanded _________27%.A) by B) forC) to D) in56 Although many people view conflict as bad, conflict is sometimes useful ___________ itforces people to test the relative merits of their attitudes and behaviors.A) by which B) to whichC) in that D) so that57 He is __________ about his chances of winning a gold medal in the Olympics next year.A) optimistic B) optionalC) outstanding D) obvious58 Sometimes I wish I ___________ in a different time and a different place.A) be living B) were livingC) would live D) would have lived59 The director was critical _______________ the way we were doing the work.A) at B) inC) of D) with60 In a sudden _____________ of anger, the man tore up everything within reach.A) attack B) burstC) split D) blast61 ______________ she realized it was too late to go home.A) No sooner it grew dark than B) Hardly did it grow dark thatC) Scarcely had it grown dark than D) It was not until dark that62 In Britain people _____________ four million tons of potatoes every year.A) swallow B) disposeC) consume D) exhaust63 I’d _____________ his reputation with other farmers and business people in the community,and then make a decision about whether or not to approve a loan.A) take into account B) account forC) make up for D) make out64 It is essential that these application forms _____________ back as early as possible.A) must be sent B) will be sentC) are sent D) be sent65 She cooked the meat for a long time so as to make it _____________ enough to eat.A) mild B) slightC) light D) tender66 We take our skin for granted until it is burned _____________ repair.A) beyond B) forC) without D) under67 The computer revolution may well change society as _____________ as did the IndustrialRevolution.A) certainly B) insignificantlyC) fundamentally D) comparatively68 _____________ in this way, the situation doesn’t seem so disappointing.A) To look at B) Looking atC) Looked at D) To be looked at69 A lot of ants are always invading my kitchen. They are a thorough ___________.A) nuisance B) troubleC) worry D) anxiety70 Some women ______________ a good salary in a job instead of staying home, but theydecided not to work for the sake of the family.A) must make B) should have madeC) would make D) could have madePart IV Cloze (15 minutes)Directions:There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank thereare four choices marked A) , B) , C) and D) on the right side of the paper. Youshould choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. Then mark thecorresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre.In a telephone survey of more than 2,000 adults, 21% said they believed the sun revolved (旋转) around the earth. An ___71___ 7% did not know which revolved around ___72___ I have nodoubt that ___73___ all of these people were ___74___ in school that the earth revolves aroundthe sun; ___75___ may even have written it ___76___ a test. But they never ___77___ theirincorrect mental models of planetary (行星的) ___78___ because their everyday observationsdidn’t support ___79___ their teachers told them: People see the sun “moving” ___80___ th as morning turns to night, and the earth seems stationary (静止的) ___81__ that is happening.Students can learn the right answers ___82___ heart in class, and yet never combined them___83__ their working models of the world. The objectively correct answer the professor acceptsand the ___84___ personal understanding of the world can ___85___ side by side, each unaffectedby the other.Outside of class, the student continues to use the ___86___ model because it has alwaysworked well ___87___ that circumstance. Unless professors address ___88___ errors in studentspersonal models of the world, students are not ___89___ to replace them with the ___90___ one.71. A) excessive B) extraC) additionalD) added72. A) what B) which C) that D) other73. A) virtually B) remarkably C) ideally D) preferably74. A) learned B) suggested C) taught D) advised75. A) those B) these C) who D) they76. A) on B) with C) under D) for77. A) formed B) altered C) believed D) thought78. A) operation B) position C) motion D) location79. A) how B) which C) that D) what80. A) around B) across C) on D) above81. A) since B) so C) while D) for82. A) to B) by C) in D) with83. A) with B) into C) to D) alongC) scientist’ｓD) student’ｓ84. A) adult’ｓB) teacher’ｓ85. A) exist B) occur C) survive D) maintain86. A) private B) individual C) personal D) own87. A) in B) with C) on D) for88. A) general B) natural C) similar D) specific89. A) obliged B) likely C) probable D) partial90. A) perfect B) better C) reasonable D) correctPart V Writing (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a compositionon the topic How I Finance My College Education. You should write at least 120words, and base your composition on the outline (given in Chinese) below:1. 上大学的费用（tuition and fees）可以通过多种途径解决2. 哪种途径适合于我（说明理由）2000年1月全国大学英语四级考试——答案。