1科技英语阅读

③ The Use of Anticipatory “it” 科技文献中常见it is…that/to do句型。
It is ___ that…/to do … stated evident necessary natural inevitable unavoidable …
The Ways to Achieve Accuracy
The Ways to Achieve Objectivity & Formality
①The Use of Nouns and Noun Phrases (使用名词和名词短语) ②The Use of Passive Voice (使用被 动语态) ③The Use of Anticipatory “it” (使用 先行词it)
① Objectivity (客观性) 试比较：描写大海(科技文章) A sea is smaller than an ocean, and may be more or less landlocked. As powerful agents of corrosion (侵蚀), sea waves carrying gritty sediment (沉淀物) can cut into rock and wear down coastlines.
② The Use of Passive Voice Cf. -- Madame Curie is one of the world’s greatest woman scientists and will always be remembered as the discoverer of radium. -- Madame Curie is one of the world’s greatest woman scientists and people will always remember her as the discoverer of radium. Which one is better in an EST writing?
EST Reading
科技英语阅读
Contents
1.科技英语的主要特点 2.科技、半科技专业术语
3.科技英语中的复合词与专有名词
4. 科技英语中的复数形式与缩略语 5. 科技英语的主要句型 6.科技英语篇章阅读方法
1. Main Features of
EHale Waihona Puke BaiduT 科技英语的主要特点
Main Features:
③ Accuracy (准确性) 科技文章要求内容准确、结构严密、 概念清楚。文字不必讲究华丽，但内容 必须表达无误，体现出科技文章的科学、 严谨的性质。 e.g. --one fifth of the whole
--a small part of the whole
Which one is better?
② Clarity (明确性)
How to rewrite? There are many problems concerning the project to be discussed at the meeting. (可能产生歧义) --将在会上讨论的计划，是有很多问题的。 The project to be discussed at the meeting has many problems in it.
Main Features:
① Objectivity (客观性)
② Clarity (明确性) ③ Accuracy (准确性) ④ Formality (正式性)
② Clarity (明确性) 科技文章一般不用意义含糊、会引起 误解的词汇和表达方式。 Which one is better? e.g. --in a couple of days --in two or three days
①Using Specific Expressions (使用 更为明确的表述方式) ②Using Statistics and Figures (使用 数据和图表)
The Ways to Achieve Accuracy
①Using Specific Expressions (使用 更为明确的表述方式) ②Using Statistics and Figures (使用 数据和图表)
随着科技发展，新词不断出现。
I. Technical Words :
Features：
①Highly Specialized in Meaning
① Objectivity (客观性)
② Clarity (明确性) ③ Accuracy (准确性) ④ Formality (正式性)
Main Features:
① Objectivity (客观性)
② Clarity (明确性) ③ Accuracy (准确性) ④ Formality (正式性)
① Objectivity (客观性) 试比较：描写大海(文学作品)
Break, break, break,
On thy cold grey stones, O sea!
And I would that my tongue could utter
The thought that arise in me. ---- A. Tennyson
--关于这计划，有许多问题要在会上讨论。
--The project has in it many problems to be discussed at the meeting.
Main Features:
① Objectivity (客观性)
② Clarity (明确性) ③ Accuracy (准确性) ④ Formality (正式性)
① Objectivity (客观性) 文学作品：描写生动，文字优美，而 内容大都是人们曾经有过的经历或类似 情况，人们读了之后会产生共鸣，而加 以欣赏。 科技文章：传授知识，提供不具备或 者是不全面具备的新的科技内容，因而 着重文章的科学性、事实性和客观性， 体现科学工作者的非主观的科学态度。
figure: 数字；图表 Which one is more specific?
① Using Specific Expressions Cf. --The reflected light was taken in by the transducer . -- The reflected light was absorbed by the transducer .
① Using Specific Expressions 一词多义：通过某种方式限定该词在某
句话中的具体含义。
多词近义：选取最为准确的词汇。
① Using Specific Expressions Cf. 统计价值以数字表示
--The statistical values are given in figures. -- The statistical values are given in numerical figures.
① The Use of Nouns and Noun Phrases Cf. --in case of the power interruption --in case the power is interrupted
Which one is better in an EST writing?
章的读者能够更加准确、直观的获 得相关信息。
Do Ex. on P3 >>
2. Technical/
Semi-Technical Words 科技、半科技专业术语
I. Technical Words :
不同专业中使用的专业技术词汇。
它们严谨、规范、词义单一、使用范
围狭窄，而且多是国际上通用的。
① The Use of Nouns and Noun Phrases Cf. --If the pressure is decreased, the boiling point of water will become lower. --A decrease in pressure will bring the boiling point of water lower.
The Ways to Achieve Objectivity & Formality
①The Use of Nouns and Noun Phrases (使用名词和名词短语) ②The Use of Passive Voice (使用被 动语态) ③The Use of Anticipatory “it” (使用 先行词it)
Which one is more specific?
① Using Specific Expressions 专业词汇的使用。 专业词汇严谨、规范、词义单一、使用范 围狭窄。有很大一部分由源于希腊语和拉 丁语的词缀和词素构成。这两种语言自十 九世纪以来变成了一种形态和词义上不再 起变化的死语言，但其构词能力很强的基 本词缀和词素符合科技术语概念准确、形 式固定、一词一义的客观需要。 eg. hydroxide(氢氧化物)，isotope (同 位素)，etc.
Main Features:
① Objectivity (客观性)
② Clarity (明确性) ③ Accuracy (准确性) ④ Formality (正式性)
④ Formality (正式性) 科技文章的科学、严谨的性质，以及 语言客观、明确、准确的特点，决定了 其正式的文体风格。 e.g. …正在改建中 …is under reconstruction …is being reconstructed Which one is more formal?
② Clarity (明确性) 在语法结构方面，科技文章里的句子一般 都结构比较严密，条理比较清楚，很少有结 构上模棱两可的情况。 e.g. There are many problems concerning the project to be discussed at the meeting. (可能产生歧义) --将在会上讨论的计划，是有很多问题的。 --关于这计划，有许多问题要在会上讨论。
The Ways to Achieve Objectivity & Formality
①The Use of Nouns and Noun Phrases (使用名词和名词短语) ②The Use of Passive Voice (使用被 动语态) ③The Use of Anticipatory “it” (使用 先行词it)
Which one is better in an EST writing?
The Ways to Achieve Objectivity & Formality
①The Use of Nouns and Noun Phrases (使用名词和名词短语) ②The Use of Passive Voice (使用被 动语态) ③The Use of Anticipatory “it” (使用 先行词it)
Which one is better in an EST writing?
① The Use of Nouns and Noun Phrases Cf. --People are all familiar with heat causing metals to expand. --People are all familiar with the fact that heat causes metals to expand.
The Ways to Achieve Accuracy
①Using Specific Expressions (使用 更为明确的表述方式) ②Using Statistics and Figures (使用 数据和图表)
② Using Statistics and Figures
数字和图表的使用，使得科技文