2018上海奉贤区一模英语试题及答案

2018上海奉贤区高三一模英语试题及答案考生注意：1.考试时间120分钟，试卷满分140分。

2.本考试设试卷和答题纸两部分，试卷共12页。

所有答题必须涂（选择题）或写（非选择题）在答题纸上，做在试卷上一律不得分。

3.答题前，务必在答题纸上填写准考证号和姓名。

I. Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections:In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A.interviewer and interviewee.B.teacher and student.C.doctor and nurseD.boss and secretary.2. A.9:00B.9:10C.9:30D.9:353. A.pass the journal.B.listen to the woman.C.repeat his request.D.take the journal himself.4. A.excitingB.disappointingC.interestingD.satisfactory5. A.to make a budget for herB.to buy a gift for MaryC.to give her mother information about MaryD.to give some suggestions6. A.he wants to visit ChinaB.he wants to earn a lot of moneyC.he wants to finish his studyD.he wants to have a good rest7. A.The woman should not get involved in the situation.B.The woman should not be angry with the friends.C.he will explain to the woman what happenedD.he will talk to Sally and Mark soon8. A.good weather tomorrowB.the vacation planC.getting up early in the morningD.possible heavy traffic9. A.interestedB.fascinatedC.hostileD.reluctant10. A.intelligence determines admission to collegeB.highly motivated students usually do well in collegeC.successful college students are usually intelligentD.a successful college motivates its studentsSection BDirections: In Section B, you will hear two passages and a longer conversation, and you will be asked several questions on each of the passages and the conversation. The passages and conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following news.11. A.two termsB.three termsC.four termsD.five terms12. A.because he had been a policemanB.because he earned a law degree in a night schoolC.because they had formed a good opinion of himD.because there was a large population of black people in Los Angeles13. A.they want people in Los Angeles woted.B.an introduction about Thomas Bradley, major of Los AngelesC.the reasons why white candidates failed in the voteD.something Thomas Bradley did for the voteQuestions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14. A.he has more than fourteen pills a dayB.he has two pills a dayC.he has four times a dayD.he has nine pills a day15. A.all of themB.three kinds of medicineC.two kinds of medicineD.almost none16. A.children over twelve years oldB.older people withe a feverC.old people with heart attackD.adults with a coldQuestions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.17. A.she has made an attempt to become pregnantB.she has requested her supervisor to transfer her to another departmentC.she has bought the new equipment for the laboratoryD.she has complained to the govemment about the issue18. A.because the new equipment is not available nowB.because the patient has made too many complainsC.because the hospital wants to tighten its budgetD.because the new equipment carries a health risk19. A.a technician in the hospital laBB.a doctor working in the hospitalC.a teacher working in the schoolD.head of hospital administration20. A.she will be likely to quit her jobB.she still feels at a loss as what to doC.she will complain to the administrationD.she will fight to get her income backII. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and granunatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Different background shouldn’t mean less education. Fifty years ago, in a primary school classroom, two boys aged 11 took an examination called the 11-plus,(21)______would make decisions about the rest of their lives. Paul passed and went to a “grammar school”. Baz failed the examination and went to a “secondary modern school”. They did not see each other again for years.Many grammar schools(22)______(establish) hundreds of years ago to teach the Lation language to children who were not from rich families. They encouraged students to study (23)______they were 18 and then to go to university. Secondary modern school students left at 16, usually with fewer qualifications than grammar school students. Baz says the secondary modem school had(24)______(few)resources and the quality of teaching was not as good.Things have changed. In the 1960s and the 1970s “comprehensive schools” were created. Today, 90 percent children aged 11 to 16 from the same area to the same schoolwithout(25)______(take) any entry examination.The British often disagrees about the best way(26)______(educate) their children. Many people say that comprehensive schools help more children to succeed because they provide everybody(27)______similar opportunities in a fairer way. Another view, though, is that more intelligent children, especially(28)______from poor homes are better supported at grammar schools. Now, the government plans to open new grammar schools(29)______ ______almost two million children will go to the same type of school that Paul attended.And Paul and Baz? Aged 60, they met again and compared (30)______had happened to them. After university, Paul qualified as a teacher. Baz went to work in a factory at 16 and later became an engineer. In fact, Baz had a much higher salary than Paul--so perhaps life is fair after all.Section BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.There’s nothing more annoying than settling down to sleep and hearing the sound of a mosquito buzzing around you.The only thought most of us ever give to this noise is “I need to get rid of this insect, immediately”, but it turns out that the mosquito is actually quite a(n) 31 creature.A tern of scientists from Oxford University in he UK, in 32 with the Royal Veterinary College in London and Chiba University in Japan, recently published a study that found some interesting facts about the world’s most 33 insect.By placing eight cameras inside a tiny film studio, the scientists could study several mosquitoes up close. The high-tech cameras filmed the insects at 1,000 frames per second, meaning the scientists were able to study the insects’34 in never-before-seen detail. However, it wasn’t always straightforward.“Recording mosquitoes during free-flight represented a huge technical challenge due to their small size, 35 wing beat frequency, and the presence of large antennae and legs that can 36 the view of their wings,” Simon Walker of Oxford University, co-author of the study, wrote.Published in the journal Nature, the study found that mosquitoes flap their wings around 800 times a second. As a 37 , house flies flap their wings about 200 times a second, and hummingbirds 50 times a second.Richard Bomphrey of the Royal Veterinary College, the study’s leader, believes that mosquitoes have a unique flying method that sets them apart from other flying insects.“We predicted that they must make use of clever tricks, as the wings 38 their direction at the end of each half-stroke.” he wrote in the study.Hopefully, the discovery of the mosquito’s special abilities will be of benefit to engineers in the future. The findings could lead to better aircraft, or even improvement to tools like lenses or pumps.But the scientists hope their study can one day be 39 to new developments in more human-focused use.“The more we know about mosquitoes, the better our chance of understanding their flight behavior, how they carry disease and 40 how to stop them from doing so,” Walker wrote. III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or; phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Artists have long claimed alcohol and other drugs as inspiration for their creativity. But is there really a(n) 41 between intoxication（醉酒）and inspiration? A recent study published in Consciousness and Cognition explored the effects of moderate drunkenness on people’s creativity. The authors suggest that alcohol’s well-known effect in 42 executive function may be helpful for these types of creation problems.” Sometimes a reduced ability to 43 one’s attention can have positive implications for select cognitive tasks.” they write.The findings raise the question of whether drugs that 44 attention and focus, in particular, stimulants（兴奋剂）, would have the opposite effect on creative thinking 45 , very little research has been done on the issue, and what results exist so far have been mixed. The outcomes may well vary according to individual 46 to the drugs. 47 , some research has found that while stimulants can 48 test performance for those who are less intelligent, for the smartest folks, the drugs can have the opposite effect.If less executive function is linked to more creativity, this may also explain why artists, writers and musicians appear to be more 49 to have an addiction. Perhaps creative people are more likely than others to be 50 to drugs in the first place, as a possible source of inspiration. And then, if reduced executive function is 51 in part for their initial talent, this, too, could make them more easily influenced by 52 once they start using. Having less executive control before you even take drugs means you’ll have less ability to stop once you start.Whatever the real relationship between drunkenness, addiction and art, the authors 53 that their study findings don’t give people 54 to get drunk to “inspire the muse（冥想）”Co-author Jennifer Wiley, associate professor of psychology at the University of Illinois at Chicago, told the British Psychological Society’s Research Digest.” We tested what happens when people are slightly drunk-not when people drank to 55 . There could be no argument from these findings that drinking excessively would have the same effects.”A glass of wine or two, however, may occasionally help.41. A.attractionB.reservationC.connectionD.decoration42. A.strengtheningB.damagingC.maintainingD.assessing43. A.blockB.reduceC.disturbD.control44. A.remainB.dropC.shiftD.increase45. A.HoweverC.InsteadD.Therefore46. A.additionsB.responsesC.oppositionsD.contrasts47. A.For exampleB.On the contraryC.As a resultD.On the other hand48. A.concealB.executiveC.improveD.delete49. A.vitalB.likelyC.idealD.difficult50. A.attractedB.contributedC.respondedD.with drawn51. A.responsibleB.illegalC.naturalD.impossible52. A.confusionB.ambitionC.addiction53. A.lowerB.monitorC.functionD.caution54. A.sacrificeB.privacyC.appreciationD.license55. A.prioritiesB.extremesC.bottomD.AffectionSection BDirections: Read the following passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)I was standing in the checkout line behind a woman who looked to be in her 60s. When it was her turn to pay, the cashier greeted her by name and asked her how she was doing.The woman looked down, shook her head and said, “Not so good. My husband just lost his job and my son is up to his old tricks again. The truth is, I don’t know how I’m going to get through the holidays.”Then she gave the shop owner the food stamps(食品券).My heart ached. I wanted to help but didn’t know how. Should I offer to pay for her groceries, ask for her husband’s resume?As I walked into the parking lot, I spotted the woman returning her shopping cart. I remembered something in my purse that I thought could help her. It wasn’t a handful of cash or an offer of a job for her husband, but maybe it would make her life better.My heart pounded as I approached the woman.“Excuse me,”I said, my voice trembling a bit,“I couldn’t help overhearing what you said to the cashier. It sounds like you’re going through a really hard time right now. I’m so sorry. I’d like to give you something.”I handed her the small card from my purse.When the woman read the card’s only two words, she began to cry. And through her tears, she said, “You have no idea how much this means to me.”I was a little startled by her reply. Having never done anything like this before, I didn’t know what kind of reaction I might receive. All I could think to say was, “Oh my. Would it be OK to give you a hug?”After that, I walked back to my car and began to cry too.The words on the card?“You Matter.”A few weeks earlier, a colleague gave me a similar card as encouragement for a project I was working on. When I read the card, I felt a warm glow spread inside of me. Deeply touched, I came home and ordered my own box of You Matter cards and started sharing them.56. Which of the following is TRUE according to the first three paragraphs?A.The woman’s family mainly depends on her son.B.The cashier helped the woman by giving her some food for free.C.The woman and her family were having a tough limeD.The author wondered why the cashier was familiar with the woman.57. The woman cried when she got the card, probably because______.A.it greatly encouraged herB.she could use it to buy foodC.it could solve her present problemD.it could land her husband a job58. The underlined word “startled” in Paragraph 10 probably means______.A.interestedB.gratefulC.ashamedD.astonished59. From the article, we can tell that the author is a______person.A.smartB.kind-heartedC.knowledgeableD.confident(B)Seek out a Unique BeachVISITOregon. For sun and fun away from the crowed beaches of Florida, check out the Oregon coast and its 363 miles of gorgeous shoreline, stretching from the Columbia River south to the redwood forests of California. Every beach is public and free. “The coast is a perfect place to watch sea lions sun themselves or simply see the mighty Pacific weaves crash in the sunset followed by a seafood feast in one of the busy fishing communities located between the coves（小海湾）,” says Bramblett. July and August aren’t peak gray whale migration season, but there’s still a good chance you could catch a glimpse of some of the 200 whales that spend the summers off the Oregon coast.SLEEPNext to a lighthouse. Imagine yourself an ancient mariner when you book a room overlooking the Pacific Ocean at the Heceta Head Lighthouse Bed and Breakfast in Yachats, Oregon. The working lighthouse, which dated to 1894, cast a bright beam 21 miles out to sea, making it the brightest light on the Oregon coast. The cliff-top rooms at the Light Keeper’s home nearby aren’t cheap-you’ll sell out up to $385 for a weekend night during peak season (price includes a seven-course breakfast).BEWAREDangerous currents Unless you love cold water (or wear a wet suit), you may not wait to venture into the sea off the Oregon coast, even during the summer. But if you do, be prepared for the U.S. Lifesaving Association. Swim parallel to the beach until you’re no longer being pulled out to sea, then swim diagonally（成对角线地）toward the shore.BRINGBaby powder. Use a generous amount of baby powder to remove sand from your hands, feetor hair. The powder quickly absorbs moisture, allowing sand to fall off easily.60. It can be inferred from the section SLEEP that______.A.the price of one night shay remains the same all the year aroundB.those who stay there can have a free access to the beach and the lighthouseC.those who want to stay there have to pay more during a tourist seasonD.the price includes the breakfast for seven people61. What is suggested by the leaflet if you want to enjoy your stay at the beach?A.Avoid wearing wet suitsB.Never dive into the cold water off the coastC.Bring baby powder to protect your skin from sand scratchesD.Don’t swim straight toward the shore when there’re dangerous currents62. Oregon coast will provide you with all the following experiences EXCEPT______.A.a perfect view of sea lionsB.a mariner like stay in the more than 100-year-old lighthouseC.a seafood feast in the popular local communityD.sun and fun of the less crowed beach(C)With the coming of big data age, data science is supposed to be starved for, of which the adaption can point a profound change in corporate competitiveness. Companies, both born in the digital era and traditional world are showing off their skills in data science. Therefore, it seems to have been creating a great demand for the experts of this type.Mr Carlos Guestrin, machine learning professor from University of Washington argues that all software applications will need in built intelligence within five years, making data scientists-people trained to analyze large bodies of information-key workers in this emerging “cognitive” technology economy. There are already critical applications that depend on machine learning, a subfield of data science, led by recommendation programs, fraud detection systems, forecasting tools and applications for predicting customer behavior.Many companies that are born digital-particularly internet companies that have a great number of real-time customer interactions to handle-are all-in when it comes to data science. Pinterest, for instance, maintains more than 100 machine learning models that could be appliedto different classes of problems, and it constantly fields requests from managers eager to use this resource to deal with their business problem.The factors weighing on many traditional companies will be the high cost of mounting a serious machine-learning operation. Netflix is estimated to spend $ 150m a year on a single application and the total bill is probably four times that once all its uses of the technology are taken into account.Another problem for many non-technology companies is talent. Of the computer science experts who use Kaggle, only about 1,000 have deep learning skills, compared to 100,000 who can apply other machine learning techniques, says Mr Goldbloom. He adds that even some big companies of this type are often reluctant to expand their pay scales to hire the top talent in this field.The biggest barrier to adapting to the coming era of “smart” applications, however, is likely to be cultural. Some companies, such as General Electric, have been building their ownSilicon Valley presence to attract and develop the digital skills they will need.Despite the obstacles, some may master this difficult transition. But companies that were built, from the beginning, with data science at their center, are likely to represent serious competition.63. Which one is obstacle for many traditional companies to popularize learning operation?A.Technological problemB.Expert crisisC.High costD.Customer interactions64. What can not be interred from the passage about the machine learning?A.Machine learning operations are costly in Netflix.B.Machine learning plays an important role in existent applications.C.Machine learning experts are not highly paid in some non-technology companies.D.Machine learning models are not sufficient to solve business problems in Pinterest.65. What’s the author’s main purpose in writing this article?A.Data science: A forefront force in tech businessB.Corporate competition: An obstacle to the transitionC.Machine learning: A key to smart technologyD.Technique experts: A decisive factor of the coming era.Section CDirections: Read the following passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.There are a lot of different people in the world, but despite our differences we all want to get along. Humans are social beings, and we enjoy being treated nicely. 67 It is about treating people with respect and care.Be a good listener. To start a conversation, it is important to listen first, especially when you are in a group. Don’t indulge（放纵）yourself in instant chant when you have just arrived. Examine the situation and the conversation, and then say whatever you think fit. It is better to say something valuable, rather than something meaningless. 68 Don’t try to change people. It is not your job to change anyone else. It is not in your power to change anyone else.Let other people live how they want to live. 69 If you do not like how someone acts, you can arrange things so that you interact with them as little as possible. You can always maintain a good attitude towards them so that your relationship with them might be change.Keep a smile. A little laughter goes a long way, and a smile cases tensions, wheres a frown can create tensions. If someone teases you, try to laugh at it off. If someone is frowning, smile at them. Be mindful of your facial expression. If you are persistently and optimistic, people will cheer up when they are see you coming.70 Some people do not take hints. Some people d not read body language. For these people, it really works to just say,” I really want us to work well together. I will help you and backyou up, and you help me and beck me up.”IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Sunmarize the main idea and the main points of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.A Father’s Influence Makes for Better GradesAdolescents from low-income families in particular are more likely than their middle-class peers to underachieve and to drop out of school. Studies have shown that a positive attitude towards school work and the support and encouragement from their parents can help at-risk youngsters to overcome the economic barriers and lack of resources they face. Most of the evidence about the effects of parental involvement comes from research on mothers. Little is known, however, about how adolescents experience their fathers’warmth and the beliefs and behaviors that are most affected by it.This new study is part of a larger one focusing on low-income families conducted in four middle schools in the southwestern United States. Data were analyzed from questionnaires completed by 183 sixth-graders about how optimistic and motivated they were about their schoolwork, and how they experienced their fathers. The questionnaires were completed primarily by respondents of Mexican American, African American and European American descent. Their maths and language arts grades were also obtained.Their findings show how fathers can support their teenagers in ways that result in greater optimism, self-efficacy, and, ultimately, higher achievement at school.These positive effects extend to both sons and daughters, while in different ways. Experiencing their father’s warmth first influences daughters’sense of optimism, and then spills over into their feeling more determined and certain about their academic abilities. This in turn leads to better math grades. There is a more direct link between their fathers’involvement and teenage boys’belief in their ability to succeed on the academic front. This heightened self-confidence increased their success in English language arts classes.Suizzo suggests that counselors and educators should encourage fathers to communicate warmth and acceptance to their children, because of the positive influence these emotions have on their well-being.V. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.72.这个城市近几年来发生了翻天覆地的变化。