The Victorian Period (维多利亚时期)
• The Victorian age was also a great one for non-fictional prose.
orian value; Irish question (爱尔兰的问题);bad working
condition ; Inequality Between
men and women ; Karl Marx’s theory (卡尔·马克思理论);
unsettling of Religious belief (令人不安的宗教信仰)
• American Notes 《美国札记》（1842） • Martin Chuzzlewit 《马丁·瞿述伟》（1843） • Dombey and Son 《董贝父子》（1848） • David Copperfield 《大卫·科波菲尔》（1852）
Features of Dickens’ Novels 狄更斯文学创作的特色
Sharp social criticism. 尖锐的社会批评
Gentle humanitarian. 温和的人道主义
vivid outward portrayal 生动的人物塑造
Humorous and Pungent irony 幽默辛辣的讽刺
Reform bill （改革法案）of 1832; Chartist Movement（宪章运动）.
Mid-Victorian period: economic prosperity
and relative stability
Late period: decline of British
Empire and the decay of Vict-
Oliver Twist The Pickwick Papers
The middle period (1846- 1857): 狄更斯的中期创作
❖He criticise bourgeois and their morality 对资产者及其道德的辛辣批 判 ❖Gentle Moralism 温和的道德主义 ❖The plot and structure are more complete unified 情节结构更为完整统一 ❖Humor and satire 幽默讽刺风格
“ the genius who most fully expressed his contemporaries in the common interest”---Stefan Zweig
“一个最充分地表达了他同时代人的共同趣味的天才” （斯蒂芬-茨威格语）。
Charles Dickens （1812-1870）
• The poets of this period were mainly characterized by their experiment with new styles and new ways of expression.
Victorian novelists
Charles Dickens, William Makepeace Thackeray（ 威廉·梅克比斯·萨克雷）, Charlotte/Emily/ Bronte, George Eliot, Thomas Hardy（托马斯·哈代）
• Dickens is a 19th century British literature, the main representative of realism
• Marx and his reputation as the UK and other Thackeray, "a group of distinguished novelist
S.H.
1. Historical Background
Time Span （时间范围） :
from 1837 ,when Queen Victoria took the throne （王位） ,to 1901, when she died.
Three Periods（时期）:
Early period : the Industrial Revolution ; then
His representative works of that time
❖ The Pickwick Papers
《匹克威克外传》（1837）
❖ Oliver Twist 《奥利佛·退斯特》
(又名《雾都孤儿》（1838）
❖ The Old Curiosity Shop 《老古玩店》（1839）
❖ Nicholas Nickleby 《尼古拉斯·尼科尔贝》 （1841）
Queen Elizabeth
&
Queen Victoria
1、on the throne(王位)
for a long period of time
2、England developed
rapidly both politically
and economically
3、literature flourished
Early period (1836- 45): 狄更斯的早期创作
❖Gentle social criticism 温和的社会讽刺 ❖Fantastic optimism 充满幻想的乐观精神 ❖Novela picaresca “流浪汉小说”的结构 模式 ❖Exaggeration 夸张的艺术手法
Victorian poets
Alfred Tennyson（阿尔弗雷德·丁尼生）, The Brownings
Victorian playwrights
Oscar Wilde,
George Bernard Shaw
查尔斯·狄更斯 （Charles Dickens，1812－1870）
C.D is one of the greatest Victorian writers 英国维多利亚小说最重要的代表
维多利亚时期文学简介The victorian Period
There gloom the dark broad seas ,My mariners
大海沉沉，朦胧一片。我们的水手 ——
Souls that have toil'd ,and wrought , and thought with me
与我同辛劳、同工作、同思想的人
That ever with a frolic welcome took
Charies Dickens (1812 - 1870)
Major works Tale of Two Cities《双城记》 Oliver Twist 《雾都孤儿》 David Copperfield《大卫.科波菲尔》,......
Tale of Two Cities
双城记 —— 节选
It was the best of times, it was the worst of times;
这是信任的纪元，这是怀疑的纪元
it was the season of light, it was the season of darkness;
这是光明的季节，这是黑暗的季节
it was the spring of hope, it was the winter of despair;
这是希望的春日，这是失望的冬日
Poets and poetry
Exclled at penning short lyrics “In the valley of Cauteretz” “Break,Break,Break ” “The Change of the Light Brigade”...... Much of his verse was based on classical mythologicalthemes. Tennyson also wrote some notable blank verse ''ldylls of the king” “Ulysses”and “Tithonus”.
The Victorian Age英国文学维多利亚时期
Queen Elizabeth & Queen Victoria
1st, on the throne for a long period of time 2nd, England developed rapidly both politically and economically 3rd, literature flourished
维多利亚女王性格鲜明，秉性真挚。她忠于职守，具有治国之才； 她不仅把时光消磨在工作上，也消磨在为家务操劳上；她忠于自己的丈 夫，对子女要求严格，成为一代楷模。她的不懈努力，不仅使英国的文 学，艺术、科学昌盛，经济繁荣，英国的生活方式（如英国贵族的下午 茶）也从那时候开始成为世界各国人民所追逐仿效的对象。“维多利亚 时代”被许多英国人所怀念。
维多利亚女王的名字，象征着一个时代。在维多利亚统治期间，英 国国民空前团结，英国成为一个强大的帝国，并不断壮大发展。这是女 王给英国人留下的最好遗产，也是对她一生政绩最有力的评价。极少有 坐上帝位的女人，能像维多利亚一样，如此出色地完成了女王的职责， 同时又拥有如此平凡的作为女人的幸福。她统治的时期，特别是1851 年以后，在英国历史上被称为维多利亚时代。她在位的六十余年正值英 国自由资本主义由方兴未艾到鼎盛、进而过渡到垄断资本主义的转变时 期，英国极度强盛，经济、文化空前繁荣，科学、艺术都有很大的发展， 君主立宪制得到充分成熟，维多利亚女王的名字成了英国和平与繁荣的 象征。
1837年，18岁的女王维多利亚登基，新女王在继位之前的日记中写 道：既然上帝把我置于这个国家的王位上，我将尽力履行自己的职责。 我尚年轻，可能在许多方面缺乏经验，但我肯定，几乎无人像我这样怀 着为国为民的良好意愿和真切希望。女王充分实现了自己的诺言：她在 其一生中模范地履行了立宪君主的职责，因此深受国民的爱戴；她还是 那个时代道德风尚的典范，她是贤妻，又是良母，是典型的大家闺秀， 也是优秀的一家主妇。她自己生活严谨，工作刻苦，对别人又充满责任 感。在许多国人眼中，她就是那个时代的缩影，她漫长的63年在位时期 则是国家繁荣昌盛的顶峰。维多利亚在位时期，被称作“维多利亚时 代”，在英国所有国王中，她享有盛誉，这不是因为她做出了什么轰动 的事业，而是因为她什么都不做，而仅仅恪守立宪君主的本分，做她那 个时代的表率。
维多利亚时代—搜狗百科
维多利亚时代—搜狗百科维多利亚女王维多利亚时代中期，英国达到强盛的顶峰，当时，它的工业生产能力比除其之外全世界的总和还要大，它的对外贸易额超过世界上其他任何一个国家。
英国的富庶已经使新老世界为之瞩目，1851年一个法国人参加了在水晶宫举办的博览会后说：像英国这样一个贵族国家却成功养活了它的人民；而法国，一个民主的国家，却只会为贵族进行生产。
所以，维多利亚中期的英国为他们的无可匹敌的地位洋洋得意，它这时是世界的贸易中心：北美和俄国的平原是我们的玉米地；芝加哥和敖德萨是我们的粮仓；加拿大和波罗的海是我们的林场；澳大利亚、西亚有我们的牧羊地；阿根廷和北美的西部草原有我们的牛群；秘鲁运来它的白银；南非和澳大利亚的黄金则流到伦敦；印度人和中国人为我们种植茶叶；而我们的咖啡、甘蔗和香料种植园则遍及印度群岛；西班牙和法国是我们的葡萄园；地中海是我们的果园；长期以来早就生长在美国南部的我们的棉花地，现在正在向地球的所有的温暖区域扩展。
真是烈火烹油，鲜花着锦之盛。
然而从70年代开始，英国工业独霸全球的地位却开始丧失了，其他国家迎头赶上，而以美国和德国最为突出。
以国民生产总值为例，在1880年～1890年的10年间，英国年增长率是22%，德国是29%，美国是41%。
1890年~1900年这10年英国是34%，德国也是34%，美国是38%。
但1900年～1913年，英国平均年增长率只有15%，德国却增长30%，美国增长了39%。
1880年，全世界制造品出口总额中有40%以上是英国的，到了1913年英国、德国和美国三个国家在制造品出口总额中的比例变成了29.9%、26.4%和12.6%，英国的下滑趋势是十分明显的。
当然这只是相对下滑，从绝对数字上看，英国仍是世界上最富有的国家，维多利亚时代最显著的特征之一就是它的富庶，直至它结束时都是这样。
然而这种富庶更像是一种罪恶，在维多利亚时代，财富的分配始终不均，贫富对比十分明显。
The Victorian Period (维多利亚时期)
Features of Dickens’ Novels 狄更斯文学创作的特色
Sharp social criticism. 尖锐的社会批评 Gentle humanitarian. 温和的人道主义 vivid outward portrayal 生动的人物塑造 Humorous and Pungent irony 幽默辛辣的讽刺
• The best he can do seems to try to retain an optimism with wishful thinking, as in his early works, or to express a helpless indignant protest. At the same time, he hopes to call people‘s attention to the existing social problems, thus affecting some reform。
of cites《双城记》
译文：
那是最美好的时代，那是最糟糕的时代； 那是智慧的年头，那是愚昧的年头；那 是信仰的时期，那是怀疑的时期；那是 光明的季节，那是黑暗的季节；那是希 望的春天，那是失望的冬天；我们拥有 一切，我们一无所有;我们全都在直奔 天堂，我们全都在直奔地狱。
• He lies buried in the Poet’s Corner in London. • The words of his grave read as follows ”by his death one of England’s greatest writers is lost to the world.”
Oliver Twist
The Victorian Period 英国文学·维多利亚时代 ppt课件
The Victorian Period 英国 文学·维多利亚时代
• The belief that everything should be tested by the extent to which it could promote the material happiness.
The Victorian Period 英国文学·维多利 亚时代
The Victorian Period 英国 文学·维多利亚时代
Literary Expression
Novel
Prose
Poetry
The Victorian Period 英国 文学·维多利亚时代
• The most widely read and the most vital and challenging expression of progressive thought in this period
the struggle between the workers and capitalists became the fundamental contradiction in England. A new class, the proletariat, emerged.
The Victorian Period 英国文学·维多利亚
→With Industrial Revolution in full swing, England accumulated large amounts of profit and settled down to a time of prosperity and relative stability.
维多利亚时代简介(权威英文版)
Victorian Drama
The theater was a flourishing and popular institution during the Victorian period. The popularity of theater influenced other genres. Bernard Shaw and Oscar Wilde transformed British theater with their comic masterpieces.
Charles Darwin(达尔文）
Charles Dickens
(1812-1870)
Charles Dickens
Pickwick Papers (1836-7) 《匹克威克外传》 Oliver Twist (1837-1838)《奥利佛.退斯特》 The Old Curiosity Shop (1841) 《老古玩店》 Dombey and Son:(1846_48) 《董贝父子》 David Copperfield: (1849-50)《大卫*科波菲尔》 Bleak House (1854) 《荒凉山庄》 Hard Times (1854)《艰难时世》 Little Dorrit (1855-57)《小杜丽》 A Tale Of Two Cities (1859) 《双城记》 Great Expectations (1860_61) 《远大前程》
English Literature in the Victorian Period
Queen Victoria
English Literature in the Victorian Period
英语专八人文知识考试总结
英语专八人文知识考试总结1 专八考试人文知识考试内容总结其中英美文学包括英国文学和美国文学。
英国文学主要分为六个时期：1. Old and Medieval English Literature（中古英国文学）。
2. The Renaissance Period（文艺复兴时期）。
3. The Neoclassical Period（新古典主义时期）。
4. The Romantic Period（维多利亚时期）。
5. The Victorian Period（维多利亚时期）。
6. The Modern Period（现代时期）。
美国文学主要分为四个时期：1. The Literature Around the Revolution of Independence（独立革命前后的文学）。
2. American Romanticism（美国浪漫主义文学）。
3. American Realism（美国现实主义文学）。
4. American Modernism（美国现代主义文学）。
语言学，考生不光要知道语言的本质还要掌握语音学，音位学，形态学，句法学，语义学和语言学的知识。
关于英语国家概况，英语专业的学生都会开设英美概况这门课程，但是专八考试的中需要考生了解的是英语国家概况，不光包括英国和美国，还有其他一些说英语的地区，包括爱尔兰概况，加拿大概况，澳大利亚概况和新西兰概况。
3专八人文知识:英国地理概况the english channel: the channel is a narrow sea passage which separates england and france and connects the atlantic ocean and north sea.英吉利海峡：英吉利海峡是一道狭长的海峡，分割英法两国，连接大西洋和北海。
the dee estuary: a small sea ( in irish sea) where the dee river enters.迪河河口：是迪河流入的一个小海。
The Victorian Period 英国文学·维多利亚时代
The critical realists were unable to find a good solution to the social contradictions. The chief tendency in their works is not of revolution but of reformism.
→Common sense and moral propriety （得体） became the predominant
concern in literary works.
A
6
Changes in Ideology
• Religious collision • The widespread of Utilitarianism(功利主义)
A
15
Poetry
• Famous poets:
Robert Browning Alfred Tennyson Dante Gabriel Rossetti Gerald Manley Hopkins Algernon Charles Swinburne
A
16
The poetry of this period was mainly characterized by experiments with new styles and new ways of expression.
→With Industrial Revolution in full swing, England accumulated large amounts of profit and settled down to a time of prosperity and relative stability.
精品文档-英国文学维多利亚时期
(一)The Victorian Age⏹General Introductiona)Period an Eras in English historyAnglo-Saxon655–1066Norman1066–1154Plantagenet1154–1485Tudor1485–1603Elizabethan1558–1603Stuart1603–1714Jacobean1603–1625Caroline1625–1649Interregnum1649–1660Restoration1660–1688Georgian1714–1830Victorian1837–1901Edwardian1901–1910World War I1914–1918Interwar1918–1939World War II1939–1945Modern1945–present⏹Brief intro:The Victorian Period revolves around the political career of Queen Victoria. She was crowned in 1837 and died in 1901 (which put a definite end to her political career). A great deal of change took place during this period--brought about because of the Industrial Revolution; so it's not surprising that the literature of the period is often concerned with social reform. As Thomas Carlyle (1795-1881) wrote, "The time for levity, insincerity, and idle babble and play-acting, in all kinds, is gone by; it is a serious, grave time."b)Victoria Period1)Time Span⏹The Victorian Period revolves around the political career of Queen Victoria.⏹ A new era really began with the passage of Reform Bill 1832 and closed at the end ofBoer War in 1902.2)Three phases⏹The early Victorian period (1830~48): 多事之秋(A Time of Troubles)It saw the opening of Britain’s first railway and its first Reform Parliament, but it wasalso a time of economic distress.⏹The mid-Victorian period (1848~70): 经济繁荣和宗教分歧的时期（EconomicProsperity and Religious Controversy）It was not free of harassing problems, it was a time of prosperity, optimism, andstability.⏹The later period (1870~1901) : 由盛到衰过程的时期（Decay of Victorian Values）The costs of Empire became increasingly apparent, and England was confronted withgrowing threats to its military and economic preeminence.c)Queen Victoria and Victorian Temper⏹Victoria was born in 1819.She came to the throne in 1837(aged 18), after the death ofher uncle William IV, crowned in 1838 and died in 1901.⏹She reigned for exactly 63 years, 7 months, 2 days (June 20, 1837 - January 22, 1901),longer than any other British monarch.⏹Her 9 children and 42 grandchildren tying them together and earning her the nickname"the grandmother of Europe".⏹Exemplifies Victorian qualities: earnestness, moral responsibility, domestic propriety⏹The Victorian Period was an age of transition⏹An age characterized by energy and high moral purpose1819年生于伦敦,1837年继位成为英国女王。
英国文学维多利亚时期
练习
• In the 19th century English literature, a new literary trend ____ appeared. And it flourished in the forties and in the early fifties.
– Works • Tess of the D’urbervilles 《德伯家的苔丝》 • The Return of the Native 《还乡》 • Jude the Obscure 《无名的裘德》 • Far from the Madding Crowd 《远离尘嚣》 • The Mayor of Casterbridge 《卡斯特桥市长》 • Dynasties 《列王》
Victorian poets and poetry
Alfred Tennyson （1809——1892） 阿尔佛 雷德丁尼生 - A representative poet of the Victorian Age. “桂冠诗人”（Poet Laureate）
• Works: • In Memoriam 《悼念》 • The idylls of the King 《国王叙事诗》 • Ulysses 《尤利西斯》
• A. romanticism B. naturalism
• C. realism
D. critical realism
D
练习
• Which of the following writings is not the work by Charles Dickens?
A. A Tale of Two Cities.