考博英语作文
考博英语写作范文9篇
考博英语写作范文9篇1. Television Program and Their Effect on childrenTelevision programs regularly entertain, educate, effect and even frighten the majority of our children. Most children are allowed to watch whatever program is on, with little thought on the effect that particular show will have on a child. Most programs can be classed as beneficial or harmful, according to what effect the program might have on a child.The beneficial television programs are mainly thouse that educate the young. There are often specials on animal life. A few regular children’s programs develop the child’s interest in school-type learning by stressing numbers and the alphablt, and that encourages him or her to be creative. The beneficial commercials, such as those on anti-smoking, anti-litter, and health, should be included in this category.On the opposite side are the shows, which are generally harmful to children. Many commercials, especially those sponsoring the children’s programs, are deliberately written to create a desire for an unnecessary product such as sugar coated cereals and candy. All adult programs that include violence or sex scenes can at best fill a child’s mind with confusing or misleading ideas, and could possib ly harden the child to violence.Thoughtful parents will definitely not allow their children to view the bad programs. A child’s viewing time should be limited to watching educationlly benefical programs.2. How to Solve the Housing Problem in Big CitiesWith the development of modern industryu, more and more people are flowing into big cities. Accordingly, the housingproblem in big cities is becoming more and more serious.People have offered many solutions to this problem. I think building satellite cities in the suburbs is more practical. The fresh air and beautiful secnery in the suburbs will be appealing to the city citizens, who suffer from air pollution, noises, etc. in the overcrowded city. With more people leaving the city, more space will be available for those remaining. The housinmg problem in big cities will thus be solved.3. “The younger generaton knows best”Old people are always saying that the young are not what they were. The same comments is made from generation to generation and it is always true. It has never been truer than ti is today. The young are better educated. They have a lot more money to spend and enjoy more freedom. They grow up more quickly and are not so dependent on their parents. They think more for themselves and do not blindly accept the ideas of their elders. Events, which the older generation remembers vividly, are nothing more than past history. This is as it should be. Every new generation is different from the one preceded it. Today the difference is very marked indeed.The old always assume thaty they know best for the simple reason that they have been around a bit longer. They don’t like to feel that their values are being questioned or threatened. And this precisely what the young are doing. They are questioning the assumptions of their elders and disturbing their complacency. They take leave to doubt that the older generation has created the best of all possible worlds. What they reject more than anything is conformity. Office hours, for instance, are nothing more than enforced slavery. Wouldn’t people work best if theywere given complete freedom and responsibility? And what about clothing? Who said that all the men in the world should wear drab grey suits and convict haircuts? If we turn our minds to more serious matters, who said that human differences can best be solved through conventional politics or by violent means? Who said that human differences can best be solved through conventional politics or by violent means? Who said that human differences can best be solved through conventional politics or by violent means? Why have the older generation so often used violence to solven their problems? Why are they so unhappy and guilt-ridden in their personal lives, so obsessed with mean ambitions and the desire to amass more and more material possessions? Can anything be right with the rat —race? Haven’t the old lost touch with all that is important in life?There are not questions the older generation can shrug off lightly. Their record over the past forty years or so hasn’t been exactly spotless. Traditionally, the young have turned to their elders for guilance. Today, the situation might reversed. The old—if they are prepared to admit it — could learn a thing or two from their children. One of the biggest lessons they could learn is that enjoyment is not “sinful”. Enjoyment is a principle one could apply to all aspects of life. It is surely not wrong to enjoy your work and enjoy your leisure to shed restricting inhibitions. It is surely not wrong to live in the present rather than in the past or future. This emphasis on the present is only to be expressed because the young have grown up under the shadow of the bomb: the constant threat of complete annihilation. This is their glorious heritage. Can we be surprised that they should so often question the sanity of the generation that bequeathed it ?4. Public TransportationAs part of domestic modernization, public transportation needs to be developed urgently in China. I can illustrate some examples.There does not only exist serious traffic jams but also crowded buses, underground and railways. Commuters find it hard to get to work on time due to overcrowded buses or tubes.Travelers could hardly get on buses in big cities during weedends owing to fewer buses and more people. When Spring Festival is drawing near, there is much greater –ressure on public transportation since it has to deal with a large number of travelers rushing home. And travelers need special arrangements to go home. In a word, public transportation has become bottleneck to the advanc of Chinese economy.To solve the above-mentioned problems, the departments concerned should carry out the following steps: to build more roads, highways or railways and to add buses or trains to the original lines. But ther funds have to be raised both from the government and the public.There are three sources for fund raising. One is to raise the fares for all kinds of all transportation vehicles. Another is to increase the prices for various vehicles on sale. The third is to raise the prices of petrol and diesel oil in addtion to the governmental funds. If all this money to raise the prices of petrol and diesel oiil in addtion to the governmental funds. If all this money collected is used to improve transportation services, the situation will be bettered and favorable.The third step to take is to introduce new technology in order to raise the efficiency of vehicles. For instance, the speed of trains can be increased as much as two times so that two times as manypeople can be held. In this way, the pressure on public transportation can be dramatically alleviated. So in a word, we need to introduce new technology to raise the speed of vehicles while having built even wider roads and added more efficient trains and huses.5. Human EducationThe other day, a professor from Peking University gave a lecture “Chinese Intellectuals and Written Cultural Text”. In his lecture, he held that Chinese intellectuals have lost the written cultural text since the May 4th movement. His opinion set us thinking that the loss of traditional humane education resulted in a crisis of cultural education.With the rapid development of economy, the living standard of the Chinese people has improved a lot in terms of material wealth. In a period when economics take priority, people pay more aned more attention to profit. At present, moneymaking and pleasure seeking are becoming a popular fashion. On the other hand, there appears a barren field of spirit in today’s society. It has become unexpectedly hard to rebuild the paradise of traditional culture.Ideological confusion, moral decline and a chaotic cultural market, all this shows that it is the high time to have something done in order to tackle the problem of cultural orientation. Our times call for an ideal humane education.It is unwise to discard traditional Chinese culture as a whole. Some of the elements of this culture can be made use of in the reconstruction of our spiritual civilizaiton directly or wit5h some adaptation. Our attitude towards tradition should be “discarding the dross and selecting the essence”. The humane education of the past can serve as a supplement to our Marxisteducation. It should start from primary school. In this way, our children will get educated so as to be possessed of a perfect personality. The national morale will be deeply rooted in people’s mind, and will help push forward the growth of economy.To sum up, we can find it badly necessary to build up an ideal humane education. We should find an efficient way to develop our humane education and dig out5 more resources form traditional Chinese culture.6. Criticism on TelevisionA lot of people believe that television has a harmful effect on chldren. A few years ago, the same criticisms were made of the cinema. But although child psychoilogists have spent a great deal of time studying his problem, there is not much evidence that television brings about teenager’s crimes.For people in the modern worlds share the views of parents a hundred years ago. In those days, writers for children carefully avoided any reference to sex in their books, but had not inhibitions about including scenes of violence.The evidence collected suggests, however, that neither the subject, nor the action in itself frightens children. The context in which cruely or violence occurs is much more important.A good guide to what is psychologically healthy for a small child is therefore provided by a television series in which a boy and a girl are supposed to be exploring distant planets with their parents. In each story, they encounter strange monsters and find themselves in dangerous situations but the parents are reassuring and sensible, as a child’s paprents should be in real life. There is an adult character who is a coward and liar, but boththe children are brave and , of course, every story ends happily.In my view, children should be exposed to the problems of real life as soon as possible, but they cannont help seeing these through news programs. When they are being entertained, the healthiest atmosphere is one which the hero and heroine are children like themselves who behave naturally and confidently in any situation.7. The ony thing people are interesed in today is earing more moneyOnce upon a time there lived a beautiful young woman and a handsome young man. They were very poor, but as they were deeply in love, they wanted to get married. The young people’s parents shook their heads. “You can’t get married yet.” They said. Wait till you get a good job with good prospects. So the young people waited until they found good jobs with good prospects and they were able to get married. They were still poor, of course, they didn’t have a house to live in or any furniture, but that did’t matter. They young man had a good job with good prospects, so large organizations lent him the money he needed to buy a house, some furniture, all the latest electrical appliances and a car. The couple lived happily ever after paying off debts for the rest of their lves. And so ends another modern romantic fable.We live in a materialistic society and are trained from our earlist years to be acquistive. Our possessions, yours and mine are clearly labeled from early childhood. When we grow old enough to earn a living, it does not surpise us to discover that success is measured in terms of the money youearn. We spend the whole of ourlives keeping up with ourneighbors, the Joneses. If we buy a new television set , Jones is bound to buy a bigger and better one. If we buy a new car, we can be sure that Jones will go one better and get two new cars: one for his wife and one for himself. The most amusing thing about this game is that Joneses and all the neighbors who are struggling frantically to keep up with them are spending borrowed money kindly provided, at a suitable rate of interest, of course, by friendly banks, insurance companies, etc.It is not only affluent societies that people are obsessed with the idea of making more money. Consumer goods are desirable everywhere and modern industry deliberately sets out to create new markets. Gone are the days when industrial goods were made to last forever. The wheels of industry must be kept turning. Built-in obsolescence provides the means; goods are made to be discarded. Cars get tinnier and tinnier. You no sooner acquire this year’s model than you are thinking about its replacement.This materialistic outlook has seriously influenced education. Fewer and fewer young people these days acquire knowledge only for its own sake. Every course of studies must lead somewhere. i.e. to a bigger wage packet. The demand for skilled personnel for exceeds the supply and big companies compete with each other to recruit students before they have completed their studies. Tempting salaries and “fringe benefits” are offered to them. Recruiting tactics of this kind have led to the brain drain, the process by which highly skilled people offer their services to the highest bidder. The wealthier nations deprive their poorer neighbors of their most able citizens. While Mammon is worshipped as never before, the rich get richers and the poor, poorer.8. Communication and LanguageOne of the first things we think about when we hear the word communication language. There are thousands of languages spoken around the world today. In fact, linguistis say that there may be as many as 10000.Speaking with others is an important means of communication, but we can also communicate without using words, that is by nonverbal communication. Nonverbal communication includes voice quality, eyes movement, facial expression and body movements such as gestures and change in body position. But many people do not realize that everyone uses nonverbal communication. Sometimes, we “say” more with our face and gestures that we do with our voices.Books, magazines, newspapers, radio, television, are other means of communication. Today we can also communicate over long distance with the help of communications satellites. Some scientists say that soon machines will be developed for sending message through the earth. The technology necessary to build these machines is very complex. But the language we speak every day is much more complex than the most modern communication technology.9. Cooperation Goes with CompetitionIn our times, cooperation and competition spread over the world. Both of them speed up the wheel of economy and enrich the intelligence of mankind. It is possible to accomplish a complicated program by only one person now. As we know, the more cooperation a company depends on, the more efficient it will become in business.Furthermore, we can’t avoid competition in our exchanges.From time to time, we compare ourselves with others, expecting to catch up with others. This is the spirit of competition, by which we pursue the highest goal. It is only by competition in the market that a company can raise its reputation. Were it not for competition, say, all of us would not enjoy what we have achieved.10. The Rise of Intellectual Property ProtectionIntellectural property scarcely existed in the vocabularies of academic researchers and administrators even 15 years ago. Now it is an ever-present part of discussions on research policies and directions. This new importance of intellectual property in academia reflects a changing view on ther relationships of research at universities to the surrounding society. Until recently, research at universities has been relatively isolated from demands of economic utility,and education of graduate students has emphasized a career in academic research as the final goal.Now almost all research universities in the United States have technology licensing operations. The number of U.S. patents granted to American universities in a year rose from about 300 in 1980 to almost 2000 in 1995. The direct economic impact of technology licensing on the universities themselves has been relatively small. In contrast, the impact of university technology transfer on the local and national economies has been substantial, and leads to the concusion that the Licensing Act () is one of the most successful pieces of economic development in recent history. It has been estimated that more than 200000 jobs have been created in the United States in product development and manufacturing of products from university licenses, with the number increasing fairly rapidly as the licenses mature.Intellectual property terms have become vitally important. The company wants to be assured that it can use the results ofthe research-and that these results will not be available to their competitors. But most universities insist that transfer of research results is key to their identity and mission and will not agree to keep the project results secret. The key to resolving this dilemman is to grant patents: the university will publish the results, but will first agree to file patents that will protect the company’s privilege in the commercial market place.。
考博英语极品作文26篇(考博必备)
1. Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Parents are the best teachers. Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.你是否同意或不同意以下声明？家长是最好的老师。
使用具体原因和例子来支持你的答案。
Obviously, the earliest teachers we have in our lives in most cases are our parents, and they are generally the most involved in the development and education of their children. Yet neither are all parents good teachers nor are those good parents the best teachers.显然，我们最早的老师，在大多数情况下，我们的生活是我们的父母，他们是最普遍的发展和子女教育工作。
然而，也不是所有家长好老师，也不是那些好父母最好的老师。
First of all, not all parents are good teachers. As normal individuals, some parents more or less have bad habits. Even though parents almost instinctively devote themselves to cultivating their offspring, the outcome might turn out to be disappointment, for all children tend to unconsciously or subconsciously copy every thing from their parents. Another deficiency of parents as teachers is the fact that most parents are lack of common senses of education. All too often we observe some parents tend to pursue their cherished but failed dream by forcing their children to develop in a prearranged direction. Ironically, if their children did not follow the instructions, the children would be regarded as disobedient or allegedly rebellious. In fact, it is parents rather than their children that virtually disobey common senses.首先，并非所有家长都好老师。
考博英语作文范文【三篇】
考博英语作文范文【三篇】导读：本文考博英语作文范文【三篇】，仅供参考，如果觉得很不错，欢迎点评和分享。
【第一篇：直面困难】任何事业，大至国家事业，小至个人生活，要有所成，必然面对各类困难，这时候，良好的面对困难的品质以及解决困难的方法论方面的问题：坚持/毅力persistence，乐观being optimistic/positive团结合作cooperation and teamwork踏实肯干hardworking创新意识和好奇心innovation and curiosity学习意识learning保持学习习惯(keep the habit of reading and learning行动实践能力(the ability of action and practice“一屋不扫、何以扫天下” If you cant do great things, do small things in a great wayEach person whether rich or poor has his own difficulties, because life is not always full of smiles and flowers. So it is very important to have a correct attitude to face up the difficulties.Different people have different views on it. Some people just want to evade and they haven’t tried their best, so they can’t achieve success in the end. But some people believethat “Failure is the mother of success”,they are confident and brave when they have difficulties. They choose to face up the difficulties with a smile and try their best to solve their problems. If they have troubles they’ll discuss with their friends or family members.The right way to face up difficulties is to be confident and brave , Confront difficulties with confident and you will find the difficulties are not so hard as you thought. Try to solve the difficulties with brave and work hard , the difficulties will disappear and you will achieve success finally.【第二篇：网红】相关词汇网红(网络红人/网络明星)：Internet celebrity/online celebrity/Web celebrity/Internet star/online star网红经济：Internet celebrity economy粉丝经济：fan economy粉丝：followers社交媒体：social media社交网络平台：social networking platform网络直播：online live broadcast自媒体：Self media不雅的：indecent原创内容：original content成功的捷径：a shortcut to success/a fast-track to success相关素材 it is high time the internet and cultural administrative departments take concrete actions to regulate indecent online live broadcasts.After more than 30 years of opening-up and embracing new technology, China has been transformed into the world's second-largest economy. At the same time its culture has also experienced a remarkable transformation.Some Indecent or "empty" live broadcasts are flourishing in various forms. What is even more worrisome is that some adolescents regard being an online celebrity as a shortcut to success.We should reflect on what kind of a family and social atmosphere we have created when the majority of young people are eying such a profession, simply as a way to make easy money. Integrity and creativity will be left by the wayside on such a path to quick riches.If this momentum is unchecked, the industry, which does not yield added value for the country, will be a huge waste of capital and human resources.And it is high time the internet and cultural administrative departments took concrete actions to regulate indecent andculturally damaging online live broadcasts, so as encourage a healthy cultural environment online and prevent young people from being led astray in cyberspace.【第三篇：时间管理】As is known to us all, the most precious thing in the world is nothing but “today”. Therefore, it is necessary and significant for us to manage our time efficiently. There are some suggestions and methods to manage our time.First, the most important thing is to know and understand how we have spent and managed our time before. Only in this way can we know in which we have wasted our time. We can do this by sorting out all things we do every day and then select the necessary thing and the wasted time.Second, after the first step, what we should do is choosing the correct time. As the saying goes, “to choose time is to save time”. For one thing, we have to know and understand that which period we have more efficiency and have better quality in work or study so that we know how to make our schedule. For another, it is better to do the most important and urgent thing first in that we barely have enough time to finish all task within a day.Last but not the least, it is valuable to take full advantageof our leisure time tiny pieces of time. For example, we can do some reading when we are waiting for a bus, or we can practice our listening on our way to school.To sum up, time, like water in sponge, can be squeezed out if we like. Therefore, take full use of our time in that it is essential to lead a full and happy life.总之，时间就像海绵里的水，如果我们想是可以挤出来的。
2020考博英语作文实用范文三篇
【导语】考博英语大多数院校考命题式的议论文，不论考哪种题型，考博写作要求写的字数量、信息点的覆盖、内容的组织、语言的运用上难度均大于考研和CET6。
因此，备考考博英语作文初期考前背模板、背范文还是有很大帮助的。
下面是整理的2020考博英语作文实用范文三篇，一起看看吧。
【篇一】2020考博英语作文实用范文Protecting the Intangible Cultural HeritagesLike tangible cultural heritages such as the Great Wall and the Forbidden City, intangible cultural heritages like Peking Opera and Confucius- commemorating rituals are equally crucial. We should make our utmost efforts to preserve intangible heritages because, without heir physical form of existence, they are in greater risk of extinction.如同长城、故宫之类的物质文化遗产一样，像京剧和祭孔仪式这类非物质文化遗产，也同样至关重要。
我们应不遗余力地去保护非物质遗产，因为它们在不具备物质存在的条件下，失传的可能性更加岌岌可危。
According to UNESCO's Convention for the Safeguarding of Intangible Cultural Heritage (2003), all forms of social customs and habits, folklore, performing arts, rituals, oral traditions, festivals, traditional crafts and various knowledge and practices about nature and universe can be classified as intangible cultural heritages. As a country consisting of a great diversity of ethnic groups and with time-honored history and civilization, China abounds in intangible cultural heritages. Cultural heritages connect modern people with the historical past, allowing them to acquire a cultural and historical identity. Without cultural heritages, we would be rendered absolutely rootless and we would find it hard to cope with challenges at present and in the future.按照联合国教科文组织2003年通过的《保护非物质文化遗产公约》的界定，各种社会习俗、民俗、表演艺术、仪式、口头传统、节庆、传统手工艺、以及有关自然界与宇宙的知识与实践，全都可被纳入到非物质文化遗产的范畴。
考博英语作文模板【三篇】
考博英语作文模板【三篇】考博英语作文模板【三篇】【第一篇：观点阐述型】【Model 1】①Recently , there has been a growing concern among the public over the topic of _______(主题词).②This will definitely generate a variety of positive effects .③To begin with , _______(积极影响一). ④Moreover , _______(积极影响二). ⑤Last but not the least ,_______(积极影响三). ⑥If there’s no such an activity , _______(后果).⑦To the best of my knowledge , it is sensible that we make our due contributions . ⑧In the first place , we can _______(贡献一). ⑨In the second place , we may _______(贡献二). ⑩Finally , we are supposed to _______(贡献三). In conclusion , we have good reasons to believe that it will have a promising prospect .【Model 2】①As is revealed in the picture/cartoon , _______(描述图片).②The picture is fairly thought-provoking , which intends to convey to us this message : _______(图片传达的信息).③We can easily recognize the significance of _______(与主题相关因素)in terms of_______(主题词). ④On the one hand , _______(论述一). ⑤Take_______ as an example _______(举例说明). ⑥On the other hand _______(论述二). ⑦Without _______(与主题相关因素), _______(后果).⑧Considering all the points discussed above , it is advisable that we highly value _______(与主题相关因素)and apply it in our studies and work . ⑨We are, therefore , supposed to take a rational attitude . ⑩_______(态度论述).【第二篇：利弊分析型】①Recently , there has been a growing concern among the public over the phenomenon that _______(具体现象描述，如a great number of people are taking part in talent shows/an increasing number of people are shopping online).②We can easily recognize its advantages as follows. ③To begin with , _______(优点一). ④Moreover , _______(优点二). ⑤Last but not least , _______(优点). ⑥For all the advantages mentioned above , _______(主题事物)is by no means without its limitations , as listed below . ⑦In the first place , _______(缺点一). ⑧In the second , _______(缺点二). ⑨Finally , _______(缺点三).⑩To the best of my knowledge , it is highly sensible that we take a rational attitude towards this phenomenon . For my part , I believe the advantages far outweigh its negative effects . Considering all the points discussed above , it is preferable that we make full use of the advantages and meanwhile minimize the negative effects .【第三篇：问题解决型】【Model 1】①Recently , there has been a growing concern among the public over the phenomenon that _______(现象描述). ②This has definitely generated serious negative effects .③To the best of my knowledge , several reasons can be identified to account for this phenomenon . ④T o begin with , _______(原因一). ⑤Moreover , _______(原因二). ⑥Last but not the least, the fact that _______(原因三)is also responsible for this phenomenon .⑦Considering all the points discussed , it is highly sensible that we take prompt measures to resolve this problem . ⑧In the first place , _______(措施一). ⑨In the second , _______(措施二). ⑩Only by enforcing these measures , can we effectively ,efficiently , and eventually solve the problem .【Model 2】①Here is the picture , a simple drawing yet with profound implications . ②_______(图片描述). ③As can be gathered from the picture , it apparently intends to convey to us this message : _______(图片传递的信息).④To the best of my knowledge , several factors can be identified to account for this tragedy . ⑤To begin with , _______(因素一). ⑥Furthermore , _______(因素二). ⑦Last but not the least , the fact that _______(因素三) is also responsible for this phenomenon .⑧From what has been discussed above , it is urgent that effective measures should be taken to resolve the problem . ⑨In the first place , the government is supposed to _______(措施一). ⑩In the second , it is crucial that the society and media enhance people’s awareness in environmental protection . ? On our part/On the part of parents/children , it is sensible that we/they _______(从自身做起). Only by enforcing these measures , can we eventually solve the problem .。
2022考博英语作文范文
2022考博英语作文范文1. I believe that pursuing a doctoral degree is a challenging yet rewarding journey. It requires dedication, hard work, and a passion for research.2. The opportunity to contribute to the academic community and advance knowledge in my field is what drives me to continue my education.3. Researching, writing, and defending a dissertation may be daunting tasks, but the sense of accomplishment and pride that comes with earning a PhD is unparalleled.4. I am excited about the prospect of collaborating with experts in my field, attending conferences, and presenting my own research findings.5. The intellectual stimulation and growth that comes from engaging with diverse perspectives and pushing the boundaries of knowledge is invaluable.6. I am confident that pursuing a doctoral degree will not only enhance my career prospects but also allow me to make a meaningful impact in my field.7. Despite the challenges and uncertainties that maylie ahead, I am determined to stay focused, motivated, and resilient throughout this academic journey.8. I look forward to the opportunities for personal and professional growth that pursuing a doctoral degree will bring, and I am eager to see where this path will lead me.。
考博英语作文参考范文【五篇】
考博英语作文参考范文【五篇】01 Schooling and EducationIt is commonly believed in United States that school is where people go to get an education.Nevertheless， it has been said that today children interrupt their education to go to school. The distinction between schooling and education implied by this remark is important. Education is much more open-ended and all-inclusive than schooling. Education knows no bounds. It can take place anywhere， whether in the shower or in the job， whether in a kitchen or on a tractor. It includes both the formal learning that takes place in schools and the whole universe of informal learning. The agents of education can range from a revered grandparent to the people debating politics on the radio， from a child to a distinguished scientist. Whereas schooling has a certain predictability， education quite often produces surprises. A chance conversation with a stranger may lead a person to discover how little is known of other religions. People are engaged in education from infancy on. Education， then，is a very broad， inclusive term. It is a lifelong process， a process that starts long before the start of school， and one that should be an integral part of one’s entire life. Schooling， on the other hand， is a specific， formalized process， whose general pattern varies little from one setting to the next. Throughout a country， children arrive at school at approximately the same time， take assigned seats， are taught by an adult， use similar textbooks， do homework， take exams，and so on. The slices of reality that are to be learned， whether they are the alphabet or a understanding of the working of government， have usually been limited by the boundaries of the subject being taught. For example， high school students know that there not likely to find out in their classes the truth about political problems in their communities or what the newest filmmakers are experimenting with. There are definite conditions surrounding the formalized process of schooling.02 The Language of MusicA painter hangs his or her finished pictures on a wall， and everyone can see it. A composer writes a work， but no one can hearit until it is performed. Professional singers and players have great responsibilities， for the composer is utterly dependent on them. A student of music needs as long and as arduous a training to become a performer as a medical student needs to become a doctor. Mosttraining is concerned with technique， for musicians have to have the muscular proficiency of an athlete or a ballet dancer. Singers practice breathing every day， as their vocal chords would be inadequate without controlled muscular support. String players practice moving the fingers of the left hand up and down， while drawing the bow to and fro with the right arm—two entirely different movements. Singers and instruments have to be able to get every note perfectly in tune. Pianists are spared this particular anxiety，for the notes are already there， waiting for them， and it is the piano tuner’s responsibility to tune the instrument for them. But they have their own difficulties; the hammers that hit the string have to be coaxed not to sound like percussion， and each overlapping tone has to sound clear. This problem of getting clear texture is one that confronts student conductors: they have to learn to know every note of the music and how it should sound， and they have to aim at controlling these sound with fanatical but selflessauthority.Technique is of no use unless it is combined with musical knowledge and understanding. Great artists are those who are so thoroughly at home in the language of music that they can enjoy performing works written in any century.03 The Definition of “Price”Prices determine how resources are to be used. They are also the means by which products and services that are in limited supply are rationed among buyers. The price system of the United States is a complex network composed of the prices of all the products bought and sold in the economy as well as those of a myriad of services，including labor， professional， transportation， and public-utility services. The interrelationships of all these prices make up the “system” of prices. The price of any particular product or service is linked to a broad， complicated system of prices in which everything seems to depend more or less upon everything else. If one were to ask a group of randomly selected individuals to define “price”， many would reply that price is an amount of money paid by the buyer to the seller of a product or service or， in other words that price is the money values of a product or service as agreed upon in a market transaction. This definition is， of course， valid asfar as it goes. For a complete understanding of a price in anyparticular transaction， much more than the amount of money involved must be known. Both the buyer and the seller should be familiar with not only the money amount， but with the amount and quality of the product or service to be exchanged， the time and place at which the exchange will take place and payment will be made， the form of money to be used， the credit terms and discounts that apply to the transaction， guarantees on the product or service， delivery terms，return privileges， and other factors. In other words， bothbuyer and seller should be fully aware of all the factors that comprise the total“package” being exchanged for the asked-for amount of money in order that they may evaluate a given price.04 ElectricityThe modern age is an age of electricity. People are so used to electric lights， radio， televisions， and telephones that it ishard to imagine what life would be like without them. When there is a power failure， people grope about in flickering candlelight， cars hesitate in the streets because there are no traffic lights to guide them， and food spoils in silent refrigerators. Yet， people began to understand how electricity works only a little more than two centuries ago.Nature has apparently been experimenting in this field for million of years. Scientists are discovering more and more that the living world may hold many interesting secrets of electricitythat could benefit humanity. All living cell send out tiny pulses of electricity. As the heart beats， it sends out pulses of record; they form an electrocardiogram， which a doctor can study todetermine how well the heart is working. The brain， too， sends out brain waves of electricity， which can be recorded in an electroencephalogram. The electric currents generated by most living cells are extremely small – often so small that sensitive instruments are needed to record them. But in some animals， certain muscle cells have become so specialized as electrical generators that they do not work as muscle cells at all. When large numbers of these cell are linked together， the effects can be astonishing. The electric eel is an amazing storage battery. It can seed a jolt of as much as eight hundred volts of electricity through the water in which it live. ( An electric house current is only one hundred twenty volts.) As many as four-fifths of all the cells in the electric eel’s body are specialized for generating electricity， and the strengthof the shock it can deliver corresponds roughly to length of its body.05 The Beginning of DramaThere are many theories about the beginning of drama in ancient Greece. The on most widely accepted today is based on the assumption that drama evolved from ritual. The argument for this view goes as follows. In the beginning， human beings viewed the natural forces of the world-even the seasonal changes-as unpredictable， and they sought through various means to control these unknown and feared powers. Those measures which appeared to bring the desired results were then retained and repeated until they hardened into fixed rituals. Eventually stories arose which explained or veiled the mysteries of the rites. As time passed some rituals were abandoned，but the stories， later called myths， persisted and provided material for art and drama. Those who believe that drama evolved out of ritual also argue that those rites contained the seed of theater because music， dance， masks， and costumes were almost always used， Furthermore， a suitable site had to be provided for performances and when the entire community did not participate，a clear division was usually made between the "acting area" and the "auditorium." In addition， there were performers， and， since considerable importance was attached to avoiding mistakes in the enactment of rites， religious leaders usually assumed that task. Wearing masks and costumes， they often impersonated other people，animals， or supernatural beings， and mimed the desired effect-success in hunt or battle， the coming rain， the revival of the Sun-as an actor might. Eventually such dramatic representations were separated from religious activities. Another theory traces the theater‘s origin from the human interest in storytelling. According to this vies tales (about the hunt， war， or other feats) are gradually elaborated， at first through the use of impersonation，action， and dialogue by a narrator and then through the assumption of each of the roles by a different person. A closely related theory traces theater to those dances that are primarily rhythmical and gymnastic or that are imitations of animal movements and sounds.。
各大高校考博英语作文(7篇)
考博作文汇总1.北京大学（2013）Directions: Read the following paragraph and then write a response paper of about 250 to 300 English words. Write it neatly on ANSWER SHEET (2). When there is a heavy rain in the north of China, cities and towns are oftenflooded. But heavy rains in southern cities seldom pose severe problems. When there is a heavy snow in the south of China, cities and towns often run into chaos. But heavy snows in the north seldom pose severe problems. What should city planners do to deal with this and what do you think of the different ways of dealing with it?【参考范文】Different Ways to Solve Different Problems in Northern andSouthern ChinaThe heavy snow in 2008, which stopped me from returning home to enjoy the Spring Festival with my family, left a very deep impression in my memory. That snow caused severe losses in southern cities. And in this summer, I experienced “rain flood” in Beijing, which even killed some people. So, I wonder why the heavy snow and heavy rain can cause so much damage respectively in southern and northern China, while heavy rain or snow seldom causes severe damage in southern or northern China. It is a question deserves the city planners to carefully think over.Generally speaking, to solve these two problems, the city planners first need to reconstruct the system of drains, which is very important to drain the land dry when there is a heavy rain or snow melt. To avoid a heavy snow causing chaos in southern China, the city planners should formulate an emergency plan. For instance, they can coordinate with northern cities and store much anti-icing fluid. When the heavy snow continues for several days, they can organize cleaners to melt the ice with anti-icing fluid, ensuring the security and smoothness for transportation. For northern cities, the most effective way is to improve the draining system and reconstruct roads which are easy to be flooded.In a word, northern and southern China face different situations, which should be solved by different ways. The city planners should well plan the city and carefully construct the system of drains to avoid such natural disasters.译文：解决中国南方和华南地区不同问题的不同方法2008年的大雪，阻止了我回家与我的家人一起享受春节，在我的记忆中留下了非常深刻的印象。
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7. How do movies or television influence people's behavior? Use reasons and specific examples to support your answer.如何将电影或电视影响人们的行为？使用原因和具体的例子来支持你的答案。
The impact that modern mass media such as movies or televisions has had on our daily life, and society in general, is undeniable. No doubt it will become even greater as the scope of mass media continues to grow, and as the relevant technologies become more and more sophisticated, and so fascinating that virtually nobody will be able to escape. Already, it can be seen how western movies are exercising influence on our youth generation: they grow long-hair regardless of their sex, commonly part of which are dyed in gold; they wear jeans in each and every season, usually knees of which are deliberately tattered; boys are fond of earrings or other odd pendants; and girls are keen on Marlboros and weird coarse languages.在这样的电影或电视现代传媒已经在我们的日常生活产生的影响，和整个社会，是不可否认的。
毫无疑问，它将成为甚至作为大众传媒的范围更大的继续增长，随着相关技术越来越先进，因此迷人，几乎没有人能够逃脱。
已经，可以看到西方电影如何行使对青少年一代的影响：他们长大长头发，无论其性别，通常，其中一部分黄金染色，他们穿在每一个季节，通常是膝盖的牛仔裤故意褴褛，男孩的耳环吊坠或其他多喜欢和女孩的万宝路，怪诞的粗语言激烈。
The major means that mass media influence the public is by creating topics of discussion in the society. Mass media offers people (the consumers) issues to talk and think about. Titanic had brought a worldwide uproar by its extolling and of fascinating immortal love; Prime Color and Wag the dog met the national debate on right and duty of the president of the United States. Antiwar movies such as Tears of the Sun and All Quiet On The Western Front among numerous others have been raising the question that is any war really to uphold justice or is it really worthy that an individual makes sacrifices to his country and at the same time ignores his own family or his personal values?大众媒体的公众影响力的主要手段，是创造了社会讨论的议题。
大众媒体提供人（消费者）问题讨论和思考。
泰坦尼克号带来了其迷人的赞美和不朽的爱全世界一片哗然，总理颜色和摇尾狗符合有关的权利和对美国总统职责的全国性辩论。
如太阳泪和其他许多在西线无战事反战电影已经提出的问题是任何战争的真正的正义，还是很值得，个人作出的牺牲，他的国家，同时忽略他的家人或他的个人价值？Mass media also shapes our understanding of what is important and what is not important (to know). The "important" issues are to be found on the first pages of the newspaper (/in the beginning of a television program). The "not important" stories are the ones that are not being told at all. The "not very important" stories are probably very short and hidden in the last pages. In fact censorships present all mass media including its distributing means such as the Internet. By prearranging public issue, the mass media makes decisions for us. Even though there are critical thinking individuals in any society, they are definite minority; the public in whole in deed lack skills of critical thinking, and therefore they are often led by the media.大众媒体也影响我们对什么是重要的理解，什么是不重要的（知道）。
“重要”的问题，必须对报纸的（/在一个电视节目的开始）第一页找到。
“不重大”的故事是那些不被告知所有的。
在“不太重要”的故事可能很短，在过去的页面隐藏。
事实上，目前包括censorships分发所有大众媒体，互联网等手段。
由prearranging公共问题，大众传播媒体对我们的决定。
即使是批判性思维在任何社会中的个人，他们是明确的少数人的批判性思维的言行缺乏技能整体上市，因此，他们往往被媒体领导。
In brief, mass media, by offeri ng topics and affecting the ways in which we discuss “the important issues”, has a strong influence on our perception of the truth, of the world or of the structure of our society, we have to admit that it has a role in our lives as a source of information, experiences, entertainment, amusement and relaxation.[431 Words]8. Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Television has destroyed communication among friends and family. Use specific reasons and examples to support your opinion.While television has been somewhat harmful in its effects, it has hardly "destroyed" communication among friends and family, although for some people, the assertion that television has destroyed communication among friends and family seems true.Television, invented in last century, with its wide availability, increasingly prosperous programs, becomes one of the most powerful means of communication in the history, and is more and more difficult to ignore. Television is as much a part of our lives as are our meals, work, or school; studies consistently show that the average American child spends almost as much time watching television as does she in school. We all have only 24 hours a day and it is clear that the more time one spends on watching television, the less time one does with his or her family and friends. Hence we see the passage in the newspaper or magazine titled "Television took my husband away from me."Tempting as such claim might be, it is hardly true. It is not television took her husband away from her, but the increasing pressures of modern life did it. We have no definite evidence to say people nowadays endure more pressures than did their counterparts in the past, but it is absolutely true that people nowadays undergo great pressures that come from various directions, including work, school, economy, and so forth. Investigations show that people who earn more than 50, 000 yuan annually spend at least 60 hours on work per week, much more than those who earn 20,000 yuan annually. Today a bachelor degree may no longer guarantee a well paid job, more and more companies post their want ads claiming that applicants must have at least master degrees, which take two or three years longer.In a word, people nowadays have very little time for anything; television is merely among many other factors that affect communication, and is definitely not the main cause of degradation. It seems that the more one is educated, the more one is aware of the deleterious effects that excessive television causes, and either deliberately avoid it or actually do not enjoy it. On the other hand, there really are many people addictive to television. But the fact is, were television not existent, surely these people would have found other escapes, such as alcohol or gambling,for example. In other words, people always find a way to do what they want to do. Therefore, I do not agree that television has destroyed communication among friends and family.[419 words]9. Some people prefer to live in a small town. Others prefer to live in a big city. Which place would you prefer to live in? Use specific reasons and details to support your answer.People seldom agree with each other even in such trivial issues as preference between a big city and a small town. It’s a little bit haste to say that it is better to live in a big city than to live in a small town, or vice versus.Living in a big city has several benefits. First, there’re more job opportunities readily availa ble in big cities than in a small town. Furthermore, not merely there are more job positions in big cities, the qualities of the position are much higher as well. In addition, the pay is more decent. Second, children are supposed to be able to receive an education with a higher quality compared with their counterparts who live in a small town. For families, children’s education is always put in the first place. Finally, living in a big city has a superior overall living standard to that in a small town. There are more commodities and services in city markets; there are more public utilities available in big cities; there are even much more television channels in big cities.However, living in a small town also has some advantages. People who live in a small town often have a much comfortable life style. Most of them are immune from suffering of high working stress. Although the average pay is much less than that of big cities, the price of daily necessities, such as vegetables or meat, is usually more inexpensive. Instead of suffering loneliness which is prevalent in big cities, children might grow up more healthily because of harmonious relationship among residents in small town. People in a small town do not have to get up so early in the morning because there has been no traffic jam, and no body drive so fast in a small town as to cause accidents. They might have fewer channels in television, but they have more friends readily available to chat or entertain with.According to my current situation, although I am longing for the cozy atmosphere and relationship among neighbors and friends which almost only exist in big cities, I have chosen to live in one of the biggest cities in my country --- Beijing, since I have found a pretty good job here, and a decent pay. I think I would prefer living a small town when I get retired one day.。