材料设计一考题一研究生一2008年
工业设计考研历年试题
北京理工大学硕士研究生学位入学考试试题2005年：工业设计[150分]结合老年人的心理特征，论述老年消费者的需求设计2004年：工业设计【150fen】一正方形为基础设计一个随身携带的游泳产品要求：1.所设计的产品要有正方形的特征『20分』2.正方形的大小尺寸自定3.设计草三个4.最终确定最佳方案一个并有图文补充说明，完成此方案的设计『40分』2003年，工业设计【150fen】结合设计创意所考的内容从人因关系的角度论述形态与结构的关系2002年，工业设计【150fen】1 怎样理解《文化遗产》这一概念？『50』试论述构成文化遗产的感念有哪些具体内容『100』2001年，工业设计【150fen】钟表的外观设计『100分』请选择一类钟表展现外观设计，并用设计草图的形式表现其外观及细节设计，设计方案不少于四个各学校历届工业设计考研试题----------湖南大学----------________产品设计(初试专业设计试题)1。
根据蜻蜓、甲虫、热带鱼的造型特点各出2个总共6个CD机方案（50’）2。
根据1个摩托车、2个汽车脸部的造型特点设计3个电吹风（50’）3。
从上面9个方案中选1个完成快速效果图（50’）时间3小时（提供了灰度图片）_______________1997年产品方向设计理论试题一.填空题：（每空1分，共15分）1.设计是一种形态的________、__________、_________的学科。
2.广义的设计领域包括__________、_________和_________。
3.工业设计是以_________为对象，以_________为手段，以__________为基础的造型设计活动。
4.工业设计不同于单纯的_________，它包含着审美因素，产品的美学特征是在_________就决定的。
5.人造物的__________、____________、___________集中体现在人造物的根本特征即__________。
D2008年硕士研究生入学考试试题（A卷）
D2008年硕士研究生入学考试试题（A卷）分析化学考研试题---15分析化学考研试题2009-08-25 09:51:22 阅读32 评论0 字号：大中小山东理工大学2008 年硕士研究生入学考试试题（A 卷）注意事项：本试题的答案必须写在规定的答题纸上，写在试题上不给分。
考试科目：分析化学一、选择题（每小题0.5 分，共15 分）1. 下列溶液用酸碱滴定法能准确滴定的是（）A. 0.1 mol/L HF (pKa = 3.18)B. 0.1 mol/L HCN (pKa = 9.21)C. 0.1 mol/L NaAc [pKa(HAc) = 4.74]D. 0.1 mol/L NH4Cl [pKb(NH3)= 4.75]2. 用间接碘量法测定BaCl2的纯度时，先将Ba2+沉淀为Ba(IO3)2，洗涤后溶解并酸化，加入过量的KI，然后用Na2S2O3标准溶液滴定，此处BaCl2与Na2S2O3的计量关系[n(BaCl2):n(Na2S2O3)]为（）A. 1:2B. 1:3C. 1:6D. 1:123. 下列物质可以用来直接配制标准缓冲溶液的是（）A. NaAcB. Na2CO3C. Na2B4O7·10H2OD. Na2HPO4·12H2O4. 银量法中用铬酸钾作指示剂的方法又叫（）。
A. 佛尔哈德法B. 法杨司法C. 莫尔法D. 其它5. 今有1L含0.1mol H3PO4和0.3mol Na2HPO4的溶液，其pH应当是（）（H3PO4的pKa1，pKa2，pKa3分别为2.12，7.20，12.36）A. 2.12B. (2.12+7.20)/2C. 7.20D. (7.20+12.36)/26. 有色溶液的浓度增加时，其最大吸收峰的波长（）。
A. 增加B. 减少C. 不变D. 不一定7. 有两组分析数据，要比较它们的精密度有无显著性差异，应当用（）A. F检验B. t 检验C. Q检验D. 相对误差8. 下列情况引起偶然误差的是（）A. 移液管转移溶液之后残留量稍有不同B. 所用试剂中含有被测组分C. 以失去部分结晶水的硼砂作为基准物标定盐酸D. 天平两臂不等长9. 在含有Fe3+和Fe2+的溶液中，加入下述何种溶液，Fe3+/Fe2+电对的电位将升高（不考虑离子强度的影响）（）A. 稀H2SO4B. HClC. NH4FD. 邻二氮菲10. 如果被吸附的杂质和沉淀具有相同的晶格，易形成（）A. 后沉淀B. 表面吸附C. 吸留D. 混晶11. 为了获得纯净而易过滤的晶形沉淀，下列措施错误的是（）A. 针对不同类型的沉淀，选用适当的沉淀剂B. 采用适当的分析程序和沉淀方法C. 加热以适当增大沉淀的溶解度D. 在较浓的溶液中进行沉淀12. 称取含氮试样0.2g，经硝化转为NH4+后加碱蒸馏出NH3，用10 mL 0.05 mol·L-1HCl吸收，回滴时耗去0.05 mol·L-1 NaOH 9.5 mL。
育明考研：2008年北京大学传播学考研真题解析
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育明教育: 中国高校研究生入学考试·真题系列
新闻传播学
2008年北京大学传播学考研真题解析
一、名词解释4*5
1.芝加哥社会学派
解析：相似考题有：05年的列举两个传播学来源其他学科的例子、06年的“芝加哥学派对传播学早期发展的贡献”。
参考那题的答案就行。
答：芝加哥社会学派是20世纪初至30年代，围绕芝加哥大学社会学系形成的社会学学派。
该学派的代表人物有哲学家杜威、社会学家库利、社会心理学家米德、帕克等。
芝加哥大学率先创立了社会学，继承了齐美尔的社会学思想（关注社会交往和冲突），主导了早期的美国社会学研究。
库利发展出了“镜中我”和“首属群体”的概念，米德提出了“主我”和“客我”。
中医执业医师2008年真题-(8)
中医执业医师2008年真题-(8)一、A1型选择题每一道考题下面有A、B、C、D、E五个备选答案。
请从中选择一个最佳答案。
1. 泄泻的病理因素最为多见的是______A.寒B.湿C.热D.滞E.痰答案：B[解答] 泄泻的病变主脏在脾，病理因素主要是湿。
2. 治疗寒湿痢，应首选______A.胃苓汤B.桃花汤C.连理汤D.黄土汤E.真人养脏汤答案：A[解答] 寒湿痢为寒湿之邪内盛，属实用胃苓汤(新版大纲代表方不换金正气散)。
虚寒痢用桃花汤、合真人养脏汤。
休息痢发作期虚实夹杂，用连理汤。
黄土汤用于脾不统血的，失血证。
3. 血虚便秘证，阴血已复，便仍干燥，治疗应首选______A.黄芪汤B.增液汤C.润肠丸D.五仁丸E.青麟丸答案：D4. 黄疸形成的关键病理因素是______A.热邪B.寒邪C.疫毒D.瘀血E.湿邪答案：E[解答] 黄疸病理因素有湿邪、热邪、寒邪、疫毒、气滞、瘀血六种，其中以湿邪为主。
5. 治疗黄疸阴黄证，应首选______A.麻黄连翘赤小豆汤B.栀子柏皮汤C.茵陈五苓散D.茵陈术附汤E.茵陈蒿汤答案：D[解答] 黄色晦暗如烟熏，证属阴黄，寒湿内盛，治宜温化寒湿，健脾退黄，方用茵陈术附汤。
茵陈蒿汤用于阳黄热重于湿。
茵陈五苓散用于阳黄湿重于热。
麻黄连翘赤小豆汤用于湿热兼表证。
栀子柏皮汤用于湿热证。
6. 中风之中脏腑与中经络的鉴别要点是______A.神志不清B.半身不遂C.语言不利D.肢体软瘫E.口舌歪斜答案：A[解答] 中风有中经络、中脏腑之分，半身不遂、语肓不利、肢体瘫软、口舌歪斜是中风中经络和中脏腑的共同表现。
中脏腑见神志不清。
7. 水肿的关键病位是______A.心B.肝C.肺D.脾E.肾答案：E[解答] 水肿等症，乃肺脾肾三脏相干之病，盖水为至阴，其本在肾；水化于气，其标在肺；水惟畏土，其治在脾。
最关键的是肾。
8. 阳水之风水相搏证的治法是______A.疏风清热，宣肺行水B.宣肺解毒，利湿消肿C.健脾化湿，温阳利水D.温运脾阳，以利水湿E.分利湿热，攻下逐水[解答] 阳水风水相搏宜疏风清热，宣肺行水。
2008年6月研究生英语学位考试真题及答案
General English Qualifying Test (2008-6)PAPER ONEPART I LISTENING COMPREHENSION (25 minutes, 20 points) Section A (1 point each)1. A. Composition is her favorite course.B. She prefers other courses to composition.C. She enjoys most of the courses.D. She doesn't like any course.2. A. She hasn't read the passage.B. She doesn't understand it either.C. She cannot read it in darkness.D. She suggests that the man read it.3. A. To guard her money.B. Not to go shopping downtownC. To look for a new wallet.D. Not to take the train.4. A. The working hours were too long.B. The job was not well-paid.C. He didn't like working in a companyD. The job was quite difficult.5. A. Steven is satisfied with his experiment.B. Steven couldn't enjoy the parties any moreC. Steven is a pleasure-seeker,D. Steven is worried about his experiments.6. A. To go to a concert with the man.B. To give the mall a lift to the countrysideC. To enjoy the sunshine.D. To have a short trip for pleasure.7. A. Fred keeps annoying other people.B. Fred looks very funny.C. Fred always makes other people laugh.D. Fred is a man of his word.8. A. To obey the established rules.B. To buy a new book for guidance.C. To try a new but safer experiment.D. To learn the methods from practice.9. A. Bob doesn't swim.B. Bob cannot be relied on.C. Bob cannot persist in doing anything.D. Bob won't be free.Section B (1 point each)Mini-talk one10. A. To find effects on the teaching of reading.B. To raise test scores in reading comprehension.C. To increase the teaching time for reading.D. To help all children read at or above grade level.11. A. Teachers.B. Critics.C. Congressmen.D. Federal officials12. A. Green Eggs and Ham.B. To Kill A Mockingbird.C. Of Mice and Men.D. A Child Called ‘It’.Mini-talk Two13. A. A scientistB. A forester.C. A school master.D. A farmer.14. A. He taught students to watch grass grow.B. He taught students how to manage forest.C. He got parents involved in their children's workD. He developed games about science.15. A. He wrote his own textbooks.B. He made students interested in their studies.C. He helped the students increase their scores.D. He made school activities creative.PART II VOCABULARY (10 minutes, 10 points )Section A (0.5 point each)21. Some scientists are trying to eliminate malaria by developing a GM mosquito that can't transmit thedisease.A. removeB. fabricateC. enhanceD. utilize22. A tall building is usually equipped with several elevators, so it doesn't matter if one of them is out oforder.A. in a messB. in bad conditionC. in short supplyD. in a hurry23. As the train service had been suspended, thousands of people had to wait for days at the station.A. elevated slightlyB. cancelled completelyC. delayed frequentlyD. stopped temporarily24. We can learn about the hazards of hunting big game in stories about their ancestors.A. adventuresB. pleasuresC. dangersD. consequences25. Novel drugs developed through biotechnologies can be expected to deliver a better effect.A. distributeB. produceC. liberateD. express26. The price of housing varies with demand, and the same rule seems to hold for automobiles.A. containB. fastenC. graspD. apply27. Some people are skeptical about the validity of Aristotle's argument that man is by nature a politicalanimal.A. efficiencyB. soundnessC. availabilityD. contribution28. Heart-broken and desperate, she was determined to leave this family for good.A. permanentlyB. alternativelyC. temporarilyD. desirably29. It is generally believed that money can always bring happiness, but studies and surveys have provedthat this is a myth.A. fairy taleB. absolute mythC. mistaken ideaD. big controversy30. The sight of these soldiers toiling along the expressway was extremely touching to a tender heart.A. sympatheticB. mildC. concernedD. feebleSection B (0.5 point each)31. Students of English are advised to try to ___________the meaning of a new word from the context.A. turn outB. figure outC. look outD. put out32. The drastic changes that have taken place in China have won worldwide __________.A. identificationB. realizationC. admissionD. recognition33. Bill Clinton rose to prominence after he was elected ________ of Arkansas at age 32 in 1978.A. presidentB. secretaryC. governorD. premier34. The finding of this experiment is __________ with what was previously reported.A. consistentB. constantC. coherentD. competent35. However, the nature of online ________ is such that we tend to be more honest, more intimate.A. interruptionsB. interpretationsC. imaginationsD. interactions36. Reading extensively can broaden our vision and extend our life into a new _________.A. perspectiveB. hierarchyC. layerD. dimension37. I was quite _______ to find my test score well below that of my tablemate.A. fascinatedB. dismayedC. amusedD. convinced38. An earthquake of 8- _________ struck some parts of this province, causing a death toll of over 30,000.A. altitudeB. aptitudeC. magnitudeD. gratitude39. Both linguists and psychologists are eager to learn more about the process of language ________.A. acquisitionB. attainmentC. possessionD. fulfillment40. An overseas market with a great growth potential is not easy to _________.A. break downB. break upC. break throughD. break intoPART III CLOZE TEST (10 minutes, 10 points, 1 point each)According to the U.S. National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA), car crashes are the leading cause of death among children 41 5 and 14 years of age. Says NHTSA: "Over 50% of children who die in crashes are 42 by safety devices. 43 , 4 out of 5 children are improperly restrained."The NHTSA offers a number of safety tips and 44 for those who are accompanied by children while driving. Although laws 45 from country to country and even from state to state, these guidelines may 46 food for thought to many parents and guardians of children. Please check your local laws and do 47 you can to keep your precious baby safe.The safest place for all children is in the back seat. Infants should be 48 in a rear-facing safety seat in the backseat of the car. A child at least a year old and 49 at least 20 pounds may be placed in a forward-facing seat. At 40 pounds, the child can use a "booster seat", which is secured by one of the car'slap and shoulder 50 . At approximately 80 pounds and a height of about four feet nine inches, the child may begin using an adult safety belt.41. A. at B. between C. for D. about42. A. bound B. undefined C. unrestrained D. inhibited43. A. Of course B. On contrary C. Nevertheless D. In addition44. A. cautions B. forms C. notes D. concepts45. A. work B. vary C. enforce D. affect46. A. give way B. differ from C. serve as D. deal with47. A. whatever B. whichever C. that D. which48. A. tied B. stuck C. surrounded D. placed49. A. weight B. weighted C. weigh D. weighing50. A. stripes B. belts C. ribbons D. bowsPART IV READING COMPREHENSION (45 minutes, 30 points, 1 point each)Passage OneAmericans are more socially isolated than they were 20 years ago, separated by work, commuting and the single life, researchers reported on Friday.Nearly a quarter of people surveyed said they had "zero" close friends with whom to discuss personal matters. More than 50 percent named two or fewer confidants, the researchers said.“This is a big social change, and it indicates something that's not good for our society,”said Duke University Professor Lynn Smith-Lovin. Smith-Lovin's group used data from a national survey of 1,500 American adults that has been ongoing since 1972.She said it indicated people had a surprising drop in the number of close friends since 1985. At that time, Americans most commonly said they had three close friends whom they had known for a long time, saw often, and with whom they shared a number of interests. They were almost as likely to name four or five friends, and the relationships often sprang from their neighborhoods or communities.Ties to a close network of friends create a social safely net that is good for society. Research has also linked social support and civic participation to a longer life, Smith-Lovin said.The data also show the social isolation trend mirrors other class divides: Non-whites Americans and the highly educated. That means that in daily life, personal emergencies and national disasters such as Hurricane Katrina, those with the lowest resources also have the lowest personal friends to call for advice and assistance."It's one thing to know someone and exchange e-mails with them. It's another thing to say, …Will you give me a ride out of town with all of my possessions and pets? And can I stay with you for a couple or three months?‟” Smith-Lovin said."Worrying about social isolation is not a matter of remembering a warm past. Real things are strongly connected with that," added Harvard University Public Policy Professor Robert Putnam. He suggested flexible work schedules would allow Americans to tend both personal and professional lives.51. One reason for the social isolation of Americans is ________.A. frequent relocationB. frequent travelingC. living aloneD. working flexible hours52. The percentage of people with more than two close friends is about________.A. 25%B. 50%C. 60%D. 75%53. According to the passage, close social ties among people are_______.A. a must for social progressB. beneficial for the familyC. a source of happinessD. good for people's health54. It is implied that ________ tend to live a more socially isolated life.A. people in the higher social ladderB. people in the lower social ladderC. people with a longer life spanD. people with a shorter life span55. According to Robert Putnam, ________.A. it is useless to worrying about social isolationB. social isolation is not necessarily bad for usC. it is time to do something about social isolationD. social isolation does not mean the end of society56. The passage is focused on _________.A. the new trend in American social lifeB. the urban problems in modem societyC. the ways to build a strong social networkD. the reasons for close interpersonal relationshipsPassage TwoFor years, France proudly resisted establishing domestic smoking bans. It held out longer than Britain, Spain and Italy, but on January 2, 2008, it finally forbid cigarettes in bars, cafes, restaurants and clubs.This was not a decision taken lightly. Magazines ran photo-spreads reminding us that French people look seriously cool with a cigar in their mouth. There were illustrations of Charles de Gaulle, the French president during World War II, Brigitte Bardot the 1950s famous fashionist, and the famous French philosopher and writer, Jean-Paul Sartre. Even the present President Nicolas Sarkozy, extremely image-conscious, posed for Paris Match magazine with a fat cigar.But now, France's traditional “cafe-clope” (morning coffee and cigarette) is only possible if people can bear the freezing temperatures outside.In the latter part of the 20th century, the health risks of second-bend tobacco smoke were made public. Then, in 1975, a modern wave of smoking bans started in Minnesota, the US. Since then, many countries and regions have joined in the movement. Among them, the US has been a pioneer, with California being the first in the world to ban indoor smoking at all public places, including bars and restaurants. Thus some French people call the non-smoking law issued on January 2 "a touch too American".However, studies before the ban showed that 70 percent of French people supported the enforcement. The public's positive response means that the smoking ban will be just one more US trend accepted by French society. Even among strong smokers, no one wants to risk a fine.French barman Jean-Michel, dressed in a leather waistcoat and a cowboy-style shoelace tie, complained harshly about the ban. Was be anticipating a smokers' revolt? "No," he said calmly. "People will respect it. I'll do what I did at school. I'll smoke in the toilets.”According to the non-smoking law, individuals who smoke in bars, cafes, restaurants or clubs can be fined up to 450 euros. The owners of these places can be fined up to 750 euros if they fail to stop customers from smoking.57. The law of banning smoking in public places was not made easily because _______.A. France proudly resists establishing new lawsB. French people like their images with a cigar in their mouthC. French people have had such a strong habit since World War IID. smoking has become fashionable for Frenchmen lately58. According to the passage, French President Nicolas Sarkozy _________.A. pays a great deal of attention to his own public imageB. has been a heavy smoker in public eyesC. strongly opposes the law of banning smokingD. is a model in the hearts of French people59. Which of the following is the first place in the world to ban indoor smoking at all public places?A. Minnesota.B. California.C. France.D. Britain.60. It is implied in the passage that _________.A. French people usually resist American trendsB. French people oppose the non-smoking law because it is too AmericanC. French people often follow American suitsD. French people respect the non-smoking law because it is from the US61. By saying "I'11 do what I did at school", Jean-Michel means that _______.A. he did not smoke when he was a school studentB. he had to smoke in the toilets when he was at schoolC. he olden anticipated revolts when he was at schoolD. smoking was not allowed in the toilets when he was at school62. What is the main idea of tiffs passage?A. It is difficult to establish new laws in France.B. How the non-smoking law was established?C. Non-smoking law is another American trend.D. France finally accepts smoking ban.Passage ThreeIt is the world's fourth-most-important food crop, after maize, wheat and rice. It provides more calories, more quickly, using less land and in a wider range of climates than any other plant. It is, of course, the potato.The United Nations has declared 2008 the International Year of the Potato. It hopes that greater awareness of the merits of potatoes will contribute to the achievement of its Millennium Development Goals, by helping to reduce poverty and promote economic development. It is always the international year of this or month of that. But the potato's unusual history means it is well worth celebrating.Unlikely though it seems, the potato promoted economic development by supporting the Industrial Revolution in England in the 19th century. It provided a cheap source of calories and was easy to cultivate, so it liberated workers from the land. Potatoes became popular in the north of England, as people there specialized in livestock farming and domestic industry, while farmers in the south concentrated on wheat production. By a happy accident, the concentrated industrial activity in the regions where coal was readily available, and a potato-driven population boom provided ample workers for the new factories. Friedrich Engels even declared that the potato was the equal of iron for its "historically revolutionary role".In the form of French fries, served alongside burgers and Coca-Cola, potatoes are now a symbol of globalization. This is quite a change given the skepticism which first greeted them on their arrival in the Old World in the 16th century. They were variously thought to be fit only for animals, to be associated with the devil or to be poisonous. They took hold in 18th-century Europe only when war and famine meant there was nothing else to eat; people then realized just how useful and reliable they were. As Adam Smith, one of the potato's many admirers, observed at the time, "The very general use which is made of potatoes in these kingdoms as food for man is a convincing proof that the prejudices of a nation, with regard to diet, however deeply rooted, are by no means unconquerable." Mashed, fried, boiled and roast, a humble potato changed the world, and people everywhere should celebrate it.63. By making 2008 the Year of the Potato, the United Nations hopes that the potato could ________.A. enrich people's daily food supplyB. be used to replace other food cropsC. help deal with environmental issuesD. he a solution to some economic problems64. Paragraph 3 mainly describes _________.A. why the potato became popular in the north of EnglandB. why the potato was important in England's population growthC. how the potato contributed to England's industrial developmentD. how the potato helped improve England's working conditions65. Friedrich Engels's words show that he ________.A. thought highly of the potatoB. took the potato too seriouslyC. underestimated the role of the potatoD. lacked the basic knowledge of the potato66. Europeans began to eat potatoes in the 18th century because _________.A. there was a serious food shortageB. they realized that potatoes tasted goodC. food safety had been greatly improvedD. eating potatoes had become fashionable67. What Adam Smith said could be used to demonstrate the potato's _________.A. general useB. main featuresC. success storyD. bright future68. The best title for the passage is __________.A. 2008-- the Potato's New MissionB. In Praise of the PotatoC. The History of the PotatoD. The Potato and GlobalizationPassage FourYou need a new vacuum cleaner. Several are on display—different features—but there are no clerks to be found. Finally a guy in a store vest slips past. You begin to ask questions, but he knows even less about vacuum cleaners than you do.Robert Odom, shopping at the Southcenter Mall near Seattle, finds “it‟s harder to get waited on now. many stores have one person covering a tremendous area. You‟ve got to go looking to find a clerk.”Retailing is big business in the United States. Every day, billions of transactions take place in the nation‟s 1.4 million stores. Inventive technology speeds a staggering $2.5-trillion-a-year flow of purchases. But why do those bad encounters with salespeople continue to bother us so?When Yankelovich Partners asked 2500 shoppers what was "most important to you regarding customer service," people ranked courtesy, knowledgeability and friendliness at the top. Almost two out of three said that salespeople "don't care much about me or my needs.”The American Customer Satisfaction Index, developed in 1994 at the University of Michigan's National Quality Research Center, shows customer satisfaction declining about a point a year. Retailers now average a less-than-satisfactory 71 out of 100. Even top performers have slipped.What happened? John Goodman, president of Technical Assistance Research Programs, a customer-service consulting firm, told us, "To cut costs, many retailers made the mistake of trimming staff to the bone with obvious consequences."How good is the help once you find it? Carol Cherry, founder of Shop'n Chek, which monitors customer service for retailers and other clients, says, "One of the biggest problems we encounter is unknowledgeable and untrained salespeople." Bruce Van Kleeck, a vice president of the National Retail Federation, says, "We're not training as much as we used to," and urges more ongoing training for veteran salespeople.The sad fact is, stores can get away with poor customer service because customers let them. Customer-service expert John Goodman estimates that about half of customers continue to do business with firms they feel have mistreated them. This is "behavioral loyalty," explains Jeff Ellis of Maritz Marketing Research Inc. "We may bad-mouth a store after a bad experience, but we go back because it's close to our house or carries items we like."69. The example in paragraph 1 shows that the salesman needs improvement on___________.A. knowledgeB. politenessC. friendlinessD. communication70. According to the American Customer Satisfaction Index,_______________.A. customer satisfaction with retailers remains constantly lowB. customer satisfaction with even the best retailers is droppingC. customers complain most about the quality of the salespeopleD. customers put too high a demand on service these days71. What may be the "obvious consequences" mentioned in paragraph 6?A. The customers are not willing to buy from the retailers.B. The customers cannot get the help they need.C. The salespeople are not satisfied with their working condition.D. The salespeople do not receive enough training.72. Carol Cherry points out that the most serious problem is that ______________.A. the quality of the salespeople cannot be guaranteedB. the retailers do not care as much about training as they used toC. the salespeople do not fully understand the benefits of trainingD. the retailers cannot afford basic training for its employees73. Which of the following examples can demonstrate the "behavioral loyalty"?A. Customers frequent the store providing satisfactory service.B. Customers refuse to buy in the store after a bad experience there.C. Customers go to the store with good items no matter where it is.D. Customers keep visiting the store that has treated them badly.74. The passage mainly discusses_______________.A. how we can get good customer serviceB. why retailers should improve customer serviceC. why there is poor customer serviceD. what kind of customer service we needPassage FiveIn terms of lives lost and property destroyed, the Civil War was the most terrible armed conflict Americans have ever known, but that has not prevented them from remembering it with enduring fondness. The Civil War remains the most written-about period in American history, and it provides boundless entertainment in the United States and around the world. Instead of an object lesson in the dangers of political polarization, racial inequality, and human cruelty, fans consider their favorite war an exercise in nobility--a bloodbath that somehow forged the unbreakable bonds of American national identity.Most Civil War historians were reared in this romantic tradition, and they have yet to fully free themselves from it. They still view the struggle through rose-colored glasses, making excuses for flawed heroes who have the reputations they never deserved. With the publication of While in the Hands of the Enemy: Military prisons of the Civil War, Charles W. Sanders has distinguished himself as one of the few scholars capable of addressing the Civil War with utter frankness. His brilliantly researched book is a ringing accusation of the prisoner-of-war (POW) systems maintained by both sides of that war, as well as the politicians and soldiers who deliberately sent thousands of men to needless suffering and death. There are no heroes in this study, just too many unnecessary victims.Sanders sets his study in context by first tracing the evolution of POW policy during the American Revolution, War of 1812, and Mexican War. Americans knew that POWs were vulnerable to mistreatment, and the quickest way to improve their lot was to negotiate exchanges with the enemy. At the outset of the Civil War, neither side was prepared to cope with the many prisoners-of-war their armies captured, and prisoners inevitably suffered from inadequate housing, food, medical care, and other necessities. Abraham Lincoln delayed the implementation of general exchanges until July 1862 for fear it would allow rebellious southerners to claim actual recognition of the Southern sovereignty. Once implemented, the exchange system quickly emptied prisons in the North and South, but it began breaking down by the end of the year.75. Americans generally remember the Civil War with _______.A. sadnessB. suspicionC. horrorD. affection76. Most Civil War historians would agree that the Civil War may have _________.A. raised the awareness of the race issueB. weakened American national identityC. strengthened American national identityD. taught a useful lesson about human nature77. Civil War historians usually believe that "flawed heroes" ___________.A. ought to be criticizedB. could be forgivenC. should be studied furtherD. should be evaluated objectively78. According to Charles W. Sanders, the Civil War _______________.A. brought pointless miseryB. created various heroesC. started the first POW systemD. was brutal but inevitable79. At the beginning of the Civil War, ____________ .A. the POW exchanges were frequentB. the number of the POWs was smallC. the POWs were in difficult situationsD. both sides used the POWs for political purposes80. What does the passage say about the POW exchange during the Civil War?A. It should have started earlier.B. It lasted for many years.C. It became a successful model for later time.D. It raised the public awareness of the POW problem.PAPER TWOPART V TRANSLATION (30 minutes. 20 points)Section A (15 minutes, 10 points)Unlike the real world, where personalities are complex, motives unclear, and outcomes ambiguous, television presents a world of clarity and simplicity. In show after show, rewards and punishments follow quickly and logically. Crises are resolved, problems are solved, and justice always triumphs. The central characters in these dramas are clearly defined: dedicated or corrupt; selfless or ambitious; efficient or sentimental. To insure the widest acceptability and tell a story entertainingly, the plot lines follow the most commonly accepted notions of morality and justice, whether or not those notions bear much resemblance to reality. The long list of commercials between parts of the play sometimes drives you crazy. Section B (15 minutes, 10 points)中国一直有重视教育的传统，尤其是儿童的教育。
北京服装学院工业设计专业基础设计和设计基础理论2008年考研试题研究生入学考试试题考研真题
北京服装学院工业设计专业基础设计和设计基础理论2008年考研试题研究生入学考试试题考研真题。
2008工业设计专业试题。
08考试科目：工业设计专业基础设计。
考试题目：一．设计题（90分）。
以6种不同的符号属性来隐喻不同的象征（如：“岁月流逝”、“立杆见影。
停顿”、“紧张节奏”等），以诠释时间的内涵，进行“小型电子石英钟。
要求如下：1．设计新颖、功能合理、具有一定特色与创新。
2．设计草图比例恰当、透视准确、经济可行。
3．设计表达清楚，每个设计方案要附有文字说明，以表达主要设计点。
4．设计草方案至少6个，从其中优选一个最终方案，绘制彩色效果图，效果图要充分表达出空间、尺度、质感、色彩、功能、使用方式等。
5．对最终优选方案绘制外观尺寸图（三视图）。
6．妥善安排卷面版式，版式大方、画面美观、表达内容完善、文字工整，总体效果好。
7．使用工具与图面表现手法不限。
二．论文（60分）。
针对你的最终设计方案，从用户需求、功能、原理、使用方式、使用环境、材料、形态、色彩、人体工程学等方面写一篇论文，以支持你的设计方案的可行性和你的设计创意源泉。
（论文中所阐述的内容可采用适当的图表进行说明，字数要求2000字以上。
）— 1/2 —— 1/2 —08年考试科目：设计基础理论。
考试题目：第一部分设计史及其理论。
一、填空：每空1分，共10分。
1、“装饰即罪恶是设计师＿＿＿提出的；“少就是多”是设计师＿＿＿提出的。
2、美国的商业性设计核心是＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿，即通过人为的方式使产品在短时间内失效，从而迫使消费者不断地购买新产品。
商品的废止主要有三种形式：＿＿＿；功能型废止；质量型废止。
3、彩陶是指新石器时代产生的绘有＿＿＿＿＿＿的陶器。
4、2006年中国工业设计协会的公布了国际工业设计联合会关于“工业设计”的最新定义：“设计是一种创造性的活动，其目的是为＿＿＿＿＿、过程、＿＿＿＿以及它们在＿＿＿＿＿＿建立起多方面的品质。
氢原子的能级结构[1][2].
![氢原子的能级结构[1][2].](https://img.taocdn.com/s3/m/2e75a510bb68a98271fefaa1.png)
E2
△E71=E7-E1=13.32 △E61 <E电< △E71 △E41 <E电< △E51
E1 基态
习题3.(2002年普通高等学校夏季招生考试物理（旧课程）)
3.处于基态的一群氢原子受某种单色光的照射时,只发射波长为λ1、 λ2、λ3的三种单色光,且λ1＞λ2＞λ3,则照射光的波长为…（ ）
量子数 能级 激发态
E2
E1 基态
高考命题趋势分析 十年高考关于此知识点的习题探究
例题1.(2001年普通高等学校夏季招生考试物理全国卷（旧课程）)
6.按照玻尔理论，下列关于氢原子的论述正确的是（AB ）
A.第m个定态和第n个定态的轨道半径rm和rn之比为rm:rn ＝ m2: n2 B.第m个定态和第n个定态的能量Em和En之比为Em:En＝ n2: m2 C.电子沿某一轨道绕核运动，若其圆周运动的频率是v，则其发光频率也是v D.若氢原子处于能量为E的定态，则其发光频率为v＝E / h
光子的发射和吸收
光子的发射 激发态 低能级 基态 一群氢原子处于量子数为n的激发态时， 可能辐射出的光谱条数为 N = n(n-1)/2. 放出光子的能量 hv = Em - En
量子数 能级 激发态
E2
E1 基态
光子的吸收
基态
较高能级
高能级
1.光子和原子的作用,原子在从低能级向高能级跃迁时, 只吸收一定频率的光子 hv = Em – En. 2.实物粒子和原子的作用,实物粒子的全部动能或部分 动能被原子吸收,只要等于或大于两个定态能量之差时, 就可使原子受激发而向较高能级跃迁.
A. △n＝1，13.22eV＜E＜13.32eV B. △n＝2，13.22eV＜E＜13.32eV C. △n＝1，12.75eV＜E＜13.06eV D. △n＝2，12.75eV＜E＜13.06eV 量子数
建筑学考题
老八校近几年建筑考研题重庆建筑大学一九八五,八六年硕士研究生入学考试试题考试科目：建筑构造一、填空。
（共20分，每小题2分，填在题单上）1．变形缝包括＿＿＿＿＿＿、＿＿＿＿＿＿、＿＿＿＿＿＿。
2．外墙面装修可分为＿＿＿＿＿＿类、＿＿＿＿＿＿类、＿＿＿＿＿＿类。
3．抹灰按质量要求有＿＿＿＿＿＿、＿＿＿＿＿＿、＿＿＿＿＿＿。
4．当设计最高地下水位＿＿＿＿＿＿地下地坪时，一般做＿＿＿＿＿＿处理。
5．影响基础埋深的因素有＿＿＿＿＿＿、＿＿＿＿＿＿、＿＿＿＿＿＿。
6．预制钢筋混凝土实心平板的经济跨度为＿＿＿＿＿＿常用作＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿的楼板；预制楼板的优点是＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿。
7．缸砖及马赛克地面具有＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿等优点，因而广泛用于＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿房间。
8．工业化民用建筑的重要类型分为＿＿＿＿＿＿、＿＿＿＿＿＿、＿＿＿＿＿＿、＿＿＿＿＿＿、＿＿＿＿＿＿、＿＿＿＿＿＿、＿＿＿＿＿＿。
9．实腹式钢窗用25MM窗料，每樘窗允许面积为＿＿＿＿＿＿；用32MM窗料，每樘窗允许面积为＿＿＿＿＿＿。
10．确定砖墙厚度应考虑的因素是＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿、＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿、＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿、＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿、＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿、＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿。
二、以多层住宅为例，说明组成房屋有哪些主要构件，并简要说明各构件的作用与要求。
（但本题内不答保证承重结构要求的诸方面；不绘图）（10分）三、作为一种大量性民用建筑普通房间上的刚性防水屋顶层次构造方案，条件如下：基层（结构层）是现浇钢筋混凝土平板；室内外无特殊有害介质；冬季要采暖要求，夏季要保证隔热要求，但又无空调设施；屋顶不带天棚。
（只需写出层次、用材及简明构造要点；只绘层次构造草图，不绘其他任何节点构造；也不写出尺寸与数据。
）（15分）四、一观众大厅，承重结构是普通型钢钢屋顶，试提供一种防火性能好的轻型吸音吊顶构造方案。
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《新型材料设计及其热力学与动力学》考试试题
（2009年1月5日）
1.名词解释 （ 28分 ）
(1) 混合吉布斯自由能 (2) 过剩吉布斯自由能
(3) 规则溶液 (4) 次规则溶液
(5) Dulong 和 Petit 规则 (6) Neumann-Kopp 规则
(7) Pictet 和Trouton 规则 (8) 热力学稳定图
(9) Boltzmann 公式 (熵的表达式)； (10) 希尔反应图
(11) 平衡凝固 (12) 希尔非平衡凝固
(13) Snoek 效应 (14) Gorski 效应
2. Fe-Cr-Mo-C 体系的fcc 由亚点阵(Cr, Fe, Mo)1(C ，Va ）1表示（其中Va 为空位）
(1) 请写出其吉布斯自由能表达式，并注明表达式中各符号的意义；
(2) 写出Fe 的摩尔分数Fe X 与其点阵分数之间的关系式。
（10分）
3. 写出二元系中以活度表示的Gibbs-Duhem 公式，并推导出以活度系数表示的Gibbs-Duhem 公式。
（10分）
4. 简述本征扩散系数的主要特点，并用图示法表示柯肯达尔效应。
（12分）
5. fcc 相由A ，B 组元相互替换的一个亚点阵描述，A 组元在fcc 结构的吉布斯自由能为
000ln o fcc A G a b T c T T =++， B
组元在fcc 结构的吉布斯自由能为111ln o fcc B G a bT c T T =++，
fcc 相的规则溶液参数为0I ，请写出fcc 相的吉布斯自由能及A 组元的化学势。
（15分）
6. Cr-Ni-Nb三个边界二元系的相图及液相面投影图如下所示：（25分）
请写出点U1, U2, E1, E2, e5,max的相平衡表达式，并画出Cr-Ni-Nb体系含液相的反应图(30分)。