大学英语六级考试2019年6月第3卷真题及答案
Part I Writing (30 minutes)Directions:For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay on the importance of motivationand methods in learning. You should write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words._____________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________Part ⅠWritingThe Importance of Motivation and Methods in LearningWhen it comes to learning, there is a famous Chinese saying which goes Learning without thinking leadsto confusion; thinking without learning ends in danger. Evidently, it is meant to tell us that learningmethods are as important as hard work. I totally agree with it. Besides, I insist that in addition to diligenceand methods, motivation in learning should also be paid attention to.As for me, motivation is an indispensable part of learning, because without motivation, you won't start tolearn at all. Even if you have started studying, without motivation that drives you to keep going, youmay easily give up when faced with difficulties.With motivation, we also need the right way to learn. In the learning process, hard work is not enough. Ifwe don't attach importance to learning methods, we may fall into the dilemma of studying mechanically.Instead, with effective learning methods, there will be twice the result with half the effort.In brief, motivation and methods are critical to successful learning. Therefore, only when we areclearly aware of this, can we achieve good learning results by making efforts.Part II Listening Comprehension (30 minutes)说明：由于2019年6月六级考试全国共考了两套听力，本套真题听力与前2 套内容相同，只是选项顺序不同，因此在本套真题中不再重复出现。
Part III Reading Comprehension (40 minutes)Section AIn this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word forDirections:each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage throughcarefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark thecorresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may notuse any of the words in the bank more than once.可靠性, but not when it gets cold. Most forms of steelSteel （钢铁）is valued for its reliability（脆的）unless they℃at temperatures below about -25_A_26_ abruptly 突然地、硬生生的_ become brittle对抗、are mixed with other metals. Now, though, a novel type of steel has been developed that resists抵抗_J_27_ fractures破碎、碎裂_ at much lower temperatures, while retaining 保留、留住its strength and韧性、韧度—without the need for expensive _B_28_添加剂）_.additives(toughnessSteel's fragility at low temperatures first became a major concern during the Second World War. AfterGerman U-boats torpedoed （用鱼雷攻击）numerous British ships, a 2,700-strong fleet of cheap-and-cheerful Liberty ships was introduced to replace the lost vessels,providing a lifeline for the_E_29_ besieged （被包围）_ British. But the steel shells of hundreds of the ships _I_30_ cracked （破裂）_ in the icynorth Atlantic, and 12 broke in half and sank.Brittleness（脆弱、脆性）remains a problem when building steel structures in cold conditions, such as oilstrived （努力、奋斗）_ to find a solution by mixing it withrigs in the Arctic. So scientists have _N_31_（金属、五金）such as nickel （镍）. expensive metals（物理的、物质的、符合自然法则的）Yuuji Kimura and colleagues in Japan tried a more physical（机（方法）_. Rather than adding other metals, they developed a complex mechanical_C_32_ approach械、力学）process involving repeated heating（加热、采暖）and very severe （严重、严厉、严格）mechanical, known as tempforming.deformation （变形）（韧性）that is（强度）and toughness The resulting steel appears to achieve a combination of strength（想当、可比）_ to that of modem steels that are very rich in alloy（合金）content_G_33_ comparable（内容、含量、目录）and, therefore, very expensive.（打算）to use its tempformed steel to make ultra-high（超高）strength parts, suchKimura's team intends（组建、部件）_ neededas bolts （螺栓、铆钉）. They hope to reduce both the number of _H_34_ components—by （按??计算）（实心的、实体的）replacing solidsupports within a construction job and their weight_K_35_ hollow （空心的）_ tubes （管）, for example. This could reduce the amount of steel needed to make（发动机）to buildings and bridges（桥梁）. everything from automobiles A）abruptlyB）additivesC）approachD）ardentlyE）besiegedF）channelG）comparableH）componentscracked ）Ifractures）JK）hollowL）relevantM）reshuffledN）strivedO）violentSection BDirections:In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Eachstatement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which theinformation is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with aletter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2. The future of personal satellite（卫星）technology is here—are we ready for it?Satellites used to be the exclusive playthings of rich governments and wealthy corporations.But）Aincreasingly, as space becomes more democratized, they are coming within reach of ordinary people.before them, miniature satellites are beginning to fundamentally transform our Just like drones （无人机）conceptions of who gets to do what up above our heads.As a recent report from the National Academy of Sciences highlights, these satellites hold tremendous B）potential for making satellite-based science more accessible than ever before. However, as the cost ofgetting your own satellite in orbit drops sharply, the risks of irresponsible use grow. The question here isno longer Can we? but Should we? What are the potential downsides of having a slice of spacedensely populated by equipment built by people not traditionally labeled as professionals ? And whatwould the responsible and beneficial development and use of this technology actually look like? Some ofthe answers may come from a nonprofit organization that has been building and launching amateursatellites for nearly 50 years.Having your personal satellite launched into orbit might sound like an idea straight out of science C）fiction. But over the past few decades a unique class of satellites has been created that fits the bill:CubeSats. The Cube here simply refers to the satellite's shape. The most common CubeSat is a 10cmcube, so small that a single CubeSat could easily be mistaken for a paperweight on your desk. Thesemini-satellites can fit in a launch vehicle's formerly wasted space. Multiples can be deployed incombination for more complex missions than could be achieved by one CubeSat alone.Within their compact bodies these minute satellites are able to house sensors andcommunicationsD ）receivers/transmitters that enable operators to study Earth from space, as well as space around Earth.They're primarily designed for Low Earth Orbit an easily accessible region of space from aroundLEO（）—200 to 800 miles above Earth, where human-tended missions like the Hubble Space Telescope and theInternational Space Station hang out. But they can attain more distant orbits; NASA plans for（ISS）to the moon and Mars especially（most of its future Earth-escaping payloads to carry CubeSats.）Because they're so small and light, it costs much less to get a CubSat into Earth's orbit than a E）traditional communications or GPS satellite. For instance,a research group here at Arizona StateUniversity recently claimed their developmental small CubeSats could cost as little as$3,000 to putin orbit. This decrease in cost allows researchers, hobbyists and even elementary school groups toput simple instruments into LEO or even having them deployed from the ISS.The first CubeSat was created in the early 2000s,as a way of enabling Stanford graduate students toF）.Since design, build, test and operate a spacecraft with similar capabilities to the USSR's Sputnik （前苏联的人造卫星）then, NASA, the National Reconnaissance Office and even Boeing have all launched andoperated CubeSats. There are more than 130 currently in operation. The NASA Educational Launch ofNano Satellite program, which offers free launches for educational groups and science missions, is nowopen to U. S. nonprofit corporations as well. Clearly, satellites are not just for rocket scientists anymore.The National Academy of Sciences report emphasizes CubeSats' importance in scientific discovery ）Gand the training of future space scientists and engineers. Yet it also acknowledges that widespreaddeployment of LEO CubeSats isn't risk-free. The greatest concern the authors raise is spacepieces of junk that orbit the earth, with the potential to cause serious damage if they collide debris —with operational units, including the ISS.Currently, there aren't many CubeSats and they're tracked closely. Yet as LEO opens up to H ）more amateur satellites, they may pose an increasing threat. As the report authors point out, evennear-misses might lead to the creation of a burdensome regulatory framework and affect the畦畴敲搠獩潰楳楴湯漠?捳敩据?畃敢慓獴尮I ）CubeSat researchers suggest that now's the time to ponder unexpected and unintended possibleconsequences of more people than ever having access to their own small slice of space. In an erawhen you can simply buy a CubeSat kit off the shelf, how can we trust the satellites over our headswere developed with good intentions by people who knew what they were doing? Some expertamateurs in the satellite game could provide some inspiration for how to proceed responsibly.J）In 1969.the Radio Amateur Satellite Corporation（AMSAT）was created in order to foster ham radioparticipation in space research and communication. It continued the enthusiasts'（业余无线电爱好者）a U. S. -based group that built and launched the very firstefforts, begun in 1961, by Project OSCAR—nongovernmental satellite just four years after Sputnik. As an organization of volunteers, AMSAT wasputting amateur satellites in orbit decades before the current CubeSat craze. And over time, itsmembers have learned a thing or two about responsibility. Here, open-source development has been amakingcentral principle. Within the organization, AMSAT has a philosophy of open sourcing everything—technical data on all aspects of their satellites fully available to everyone in the organization, and whenpossible, the public. According to a member of the team responsible for FOX 1-A, AMSAT's first CubeSat,this means that there's no way to sneak something like explosives or an energy emitter into an amateursatellite when everyone has access to the designs and implementation.However, they're more cautious about sharing information with nonmembers, as the organization K）guards against others developing the ability to hijack and take control of their satellites. This form ofself-governance is possible within long-standing amateur organizations that, over time, are able tobuild a sense of responsibility to community members,as well as society in general. But whathappens when new players emerge, who don't have deep roots within the existing culture?Hobbyists and students are gaining access to technologies without being part of a long-standing）L amateur establishment. They're still constrained by fimders, launch providers and a series of all of which rein in what CubeSatdevelopers can and cannot do. But there's a danger they'reregulations —ill-equipped to think through potential unintended consequences. What these unintended consequencestechnologies in unexpected directions. Think of something as seemingly benign as the cellphonewe—have microfinance and text-based social networking at one end of the spectrum, and improvised（临时explosive devices at the other.制作的）This is where a culture of social responsibility around CubeSats becomesimportant-not simply toM）ensure that physical risks are minimized, but to engage with a much larger community in anticipating andmanaging less obvious consequences of the technology. This is not an easy task. Yet the evidence fromAMSAT and other areas of technology development suggests that responsible amateur communities canand do emerge around novel technologies. The challenge here, of course, is ensuring that what anamateur community considers to be responsible, actually is. Here's where there needs to be a muchwider public conversation that extends beyond government agencies and scientific communities toinclude students, hobbyists and anyone who may potentially stand to be affected by the use of CubeSat，technology.Given the easier accessibility to space, it is time to think about how to prevent misuse of satellites.I 36.A group of mini-satellites can work together to accomplish more complex tasks.C37.The greater accessibility of mini-satellites increases the risks of their irresponsible use.B 38.Even school pupils can have their CubeSats put in orbit owing to the lowered launching cost.E 39.is careful about sharing information with outsiders to prevent hijacking of their satellites.K 40.NASA offers to launch CubeSats free of charge for educational and research purposes.F 41.Even with constraints, it is possible for some creative developers to take the CubeSat technology 42.in directions that result in harmful outcomes.LWhile making significant contributions to space science, CubeSats may pose hazards to other space 43.vehicles.GMini-satellites enable operators to study Earth from LEO and space around it.D 44.AMSAT operates on the principle of having all its technical data accessible to its members, 45.preventing the abuse of amateur satellites.JSection CThere are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions orDirections:unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You shoulddecide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single linethrough the centre.Passage OneQuestions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.When I re-entered the full-time workforce a few years ago after a decade of solitary self-employment,there was one thing I was looking forward to the most: the opportunity to have work friends once again. Itwasn't until I entered the corporate world that I realized, for me at least, being friends with colleaguesdidn't emerge as a priority at all. This is surprising when you consider the prevailing emphasis by scholarsand trainers and managers on the importance of cultivating close interpersonal relationships at work. Soties can help overcome a range of workplace （同事的）much research has explored the way in which collegialissues affecting productivity and the quality of work output such as team-based conflict,jealousy, undermining, anger, and more.Perhaps my expectations of lunches, water-cooler gossip and caring,deep-and-meaningfulconversations were a legacy of the last time I was in that kind of office environment. Whereas now, asI near the end of my fourth decade, I realize work can be fully functional and entirely fulfilling withoutneeding to be best mates with the people sitting next to you.In an academic analysis just published in the profoundly-respected Journal of Management, researchersthe fact that（概括）have looked at the concept of indifferent relationships. It's a simple term that encapsulatesrelationships at work can reasonably be non-intimate, inconsequential, unimportant and even,dare I say it, disposable or substitutable.Indifferent relationships are neither positive nor negative. The limited research conducted thus farindicates they're especially dominant among those who value independence over cooperation, andharmony over confrontation. Indifference is also the preferred option among those who are socially lazy.Maintaining relationships over the long term takes effort. For some of us, too much effort .As noted above, indifferent relationships may not always be the most helpful approach in resolving some ofthe issues that pop up at work. But there are nonetheless several empirically proven benefits. One ofthose is efficiency. Less time chatting and socializing means more time working and.（产出）The other is self-esteem. As human beings, we're primed to compare ourselves to each other in what isan anxiety-inducing phenomenon. Apparently, we look down on acquaintances more so than Mends.Since the former is most common among those inclined towards indifferent relationships, theirpredominance can bolster individuals' sense of self-worth.Ego aside, a third advantage is that the emotional neutrality of indifferent relationships has been foundto enhance critical evaluation, to strengthen one's focus on task resolution, and to gain greater access tovaluable information. None of that might be as fun as after-work socializing but, hey,I'll take it anyway.) world?46. What did the author realize when he re-entered the corporate(企业Making new Mends with his workmates was not as easy as he had anticipated.A）Cultivating positive interpersonal relationships helped him expel solitary feelings.B）Working in the corporate world requires more interpersonal skills thanself-employment.）Cwas not as important as he had ejected同事 D ）Building close relationships with his colleagues(.（驱逐）（大学的、社团的）47. What do we learn from many studies aboutcollegial relationships?relationships have an adverse）A Inharmonious（不和谐、不和睦）effect on productivity（不利的、相反的）.（生产力、生产率、生产能力）Harmonious relationships are what many companies aim to cultivate.B）Close collegial relationships contribute very little to product quality.C）Conflicting relationships in the workplace exist almost everywhere.）DWhat can be inferred about relationships at work from an academic analysis? 48.They should be cultivated.）AWhat does the author say about people who are socially lazy? 49.They feel uncomfortable when engaging in social interactions.）AThey often find themselves in confrontation with their colleagues.B）relationships. They are unwilling to make efforts to maintain workplace（工作场所））CThey lack basic communication skills in dealing with interpersonal issues.）D（冷漠的、中立的）60. What is one of the benefits of indifferent relationships?They provide fun at work.A）They help control emotions.B）They help resolve differences.）CThey improve work efficiency）D .（效率、效益）Passage TwoQuestions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.In a few decades, artificial intelligence (AI) will surpass many of the abilities that we believe make usspecial. This is a grand challenge for our age and it may require an irrational response. One of the most significant pieces of news from the US in early 2017 was the efforts of Google to makeautonomous driving a reality. According to a report, Google's self-driving cars clocked 1,023,330 km, andrequired human intervention 124 times. That is one intervention about every 8,047 km of autonomousdriving. But even more impressive is the progress in just a single year: human interventions fell from 0.8times per thousand miles to 0.2, a 400% improvement. With such progress, Google's cars will easilysurpass my own driving ability later this year.Driving once seemed to be a very human skill. But we said that about chess, too. Then a computer beatthe human world champion, repeatedly. The board game Go（围棋）took over from chess as a new testfor human thinking in 2016, when a computer beat one of the world's leading professional Go players.With computers conquering what used to be deeply human tasks, what will it mean in the future to behuman? I worry about my six-year-old son. What will his place bеin a world where machines beat us inone area after another? He'll never calculate faster, never drive better, or even fly more safely. Actually,What's so special about us? It can't be skills like arithmetic,it all comes down to a fairly simple question：which machines already excel in. So far, machines have a pretty hard time emulating creativity, arbitraryenough not to be predicted by a computer, and yet more than simple randomness. Perhaps, if we continue to improve information-processing machines, well soon have helpful rationalassistants. So we must aim to complement the rationality of the machine, rather than to compete with it.If I'm right, we should foster a creative spirit because a dose of illogical creativity will complement therationality of the machine. Unfortunately, however, our education system has not caught up to theapproaching reality. Indeed, our schools and universities are structured to mould pupils to be mostlyobedient servants of rationality, and to develop outdated skills in interacting with outdated machines. Weneed to help our children learn how to best work with smart computers to improve human decision-making. But most of all we need to keep the long-term perspective in mind: that even if computers willoutsmart us, we can still be the most creative. Because if we aren't, we won't be providingand that may put in question the foundation for our existence.，much value in future ecosystemsWhat is the author's greatest concern about the use of AI? 51.Computers are performing lots of creative tasks.A）52. What impresses the author most in the field of AI?What do we learn from the passage about creativity? 53. It is rational.A）It is predictable.B）It is human specific.C）by AI.to be emulated（还、仍然）（模仿、努力赶上、竞争）It is yetD ）54. What shouldschools help children do in the era of AI?thinking.A）（培养、种植、耕作）（创新的、原始的）Cultivateoriginal Learn to work independently.）B Compete with smart machines.）C Understand how AI works.D ）（说得过去、辩护、证明）55. How can we humans justify?our future existence（存在、生存）By constantly outsmarting computers.A）By adopting a long-term perspective.）B C）By rationally compromising with AI.）D .By providing value with our creativity创造性、创造力Part IV Translation (30 minutes)Directions:For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English.You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.成语（Chinese idioms）是汉语中的一种独特的表达方式，大多由四个汉字组成。
2019年6月大学英语六级考试真题试卷(第3套)
2019年6月大学英语六级考试真题试卷（第3套）Part I Writing （30 minutes）Directions: For this part，you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay on the importance of motivation and methods in learning.You should write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.Part ⅡListening Comprehension （30minutes）说明：由于2019年6月六级考试全国共考了2套听力，本套真题听力与之前2套内容完全一样，只是顺序不一样，因此在本套真题中不再重复出现。
PartⅢReading Comprehension （40minutes）Section ADirections: In this section，there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.The dream of personalised flight is still vivid in the minds of many inventors，some developing cycle-powered craft，others 26money into jetpacks（喷气飞行背包）.However，the flying car has always remained the 27symbol of personal transport freedom.Several companies around the world have produced 28that can drive on roads and fly. Airbus has a futuristic modular（组件式的）concept involving a passenger capsule that can be 29from the road-going chassis（底盘）and picked up by a helicopter-type machine.But all these concepts are massively expensive, require safety certification standards for road and air, need 30controls, involve complex folding wings and propellers, and have to be flown from air-strips. So they are likely to remain rich people's playthings rather than practical transport solutions for the masses."A car that takes off from some London street and lands in another 31street is unlikely to happen, "says Prof Gray, a leading aeronautical engineer." Sky taxis are much more likely. "But that won't stop inventors from dreaming up new ways to fly and trying to persuade investors to back their sometimes 32schemes.Civilian aviation is being disrupted, not by the age-old desires for speed, romanticism and 33, but by the pressing need to respond to a changing climate. New electric engines coupled with artificial intelligence and 34systems will contribute to a more efficient, integrated transport system that is less polluting and less noisy. That may sound simple, but as Prof. Gray says, "When I travel somewhere I like this notion that when I finish my journey I feel better than when I started it. That'sSection BDirections:In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.Companies Are Working with Consumers to Reduce WasteA) As consumers, we are very wasteful. Annually, the world generates 1.3 billion tons of solid waste. This is expected to go up to 2.2 billion by 2025. The developed countries are responsible for 44% of waste, and in the U.S. alone, the average person throws away their body weight in rubbish every month.B) Conventional wisdom would seem to suggest that companies have no incentive to lengthen the life cycle of their products and reduce the revenue they would get from selling new goods. Yet, more and more businesses are thinking about how to reduce consumer waste. This is partly driven by the rising price of raw materials and metals. It is also partly due to both consumers and companies becoming more aware of the need to protect our environment.C) When choosing what products to buy and which brands to buy from, more and more consumers are looking into sustainability. This is opposed to just price and performance they were concerned about in the past. In a survey of 54 of the world's leading brands, almost all of them reported that consumers are showing increasing careabout sustainable lifestyles. At the same time, surveys on consumers in the U.S. and the U.K. show that they also care about minimizing energy use and reducing waste.D) For the most part, consumers control what happens to a product. But some companies are realizing that placing the burden of recycling entirely on the consumer is not an effective strategy, especially when tossing something away seems like the easiest and most convenient option.E) Some retailers and manufacturers in the clothing, footwear, and electronics industries have launched environmental programs. They want to make their customers interested in preserving their products and preventing things that still have value from going to the garbage dump. By offering services to help expand the longevity of their products, they' re promising quality and durability to consumers, and receiving the reputational gains for being environmentally friendly.F) For example, the Swedish jeans company Nudie Jeans offers free repair at twenty of their shops. Instead of discarding their old worn-out jeans, customers bring them in to be renewed. The company even provides mail-order repair kits and online videos, so that customers can learn how to fix a pair of jeans at home. Their philosophy is that extending the life of a pair of jeans is not only great for the environment, but allows the consumer to get more value out of their product. When customers do want to toss their pair, they can give them back to the store, which will repurpose and resell them. Another clothing company, Patagonia, a high-end outdoor clothing store, follows the same principle. It has partnered with DIY website iFixit to teach consumers how to repair their clothing, such as waterproof outerwear, at home. The company also offers a repair program for their customers for a modest fee. Currently, Patagonia repairs about 40,000 garments a year in their Reno, Nevada, service center. According to the company's CEO, Rose Marcario, this is about building a company that cares about the environment. At the same time, offering repair supports the perceived quality of its products.G) In Brazil, the multinational corporation Adidas has been running a shoe-recycling program called "Sustainable Footprint" since 2012. Customers can bring shoes of any brand into an Adidas store to be shredded and turned into alternative fuels for energy creation instead of being burned as trash. They are used to fuel cement ovens. To motivate visitors to bring in more old shoes, Adidas Brazil promotes the program in stores by showing videos to educate customers, and it even offers a discount each time a customer brings in an old pair of shoes. This boosts the reputation and image ofAdidas by making people more aware of the company's values.H）Enormous opportunities also lie with e-waste. It is estimated that in 2014 the world produced some 42 million metric tons of e-waste（discarded electrical and electronic equipment and its parts）with North America and Europe accounting for 8 and 12 million metric tons respectively. The materials from e-waste include iron，copper，gold，silver，and aluminum-materials that could be reused，resold，salvaged，or recycled. Together，the value of these metals is estimated to be about $ 52 billion. Electronics giants like Best Buy and Samsung have provided e-waste take-back programs over the past few years，which aim to refurbish（翻新）old electronic components and parts into new products.I）For other companies interested in reducing waste，helping the environment，and providing the sustainable lifestyles that consumers seek，here are some first steps for building a relationship with customers that focuses on recycling and restoring value to products：J）Find partners. If you are a manufacturer who relies on outside distributors，then retailers are the ideal partner for collecting old products. Power tool maker De Walt partners with companies，such as Lowes and Napa Auto Parts，to collect old tools at their stores for recycling. The partnership benefits both sides by allowing unconventional partners（for example，two companies from two different industries）to work together on a specific aspect of the value chain，like，in this example，an engine firm with an accessory one.K）Create incentives. Environmental conscientiousness isn't always enough to make customers recycle old goods. For instance，DeWalt discovered that many contractors were holding on to their old tools，even if they no longer worked，because they were expensive purchases and it was hard to justify bringing them in to recycle. By offering instant discounts worth as much as $ 100，DeWalt launched a trade-in program to encourage people to bring back tools. As a result，DeWalt now reuses those materials to create new products.L）Start with a trial program，and expect to change the details as you go. Any take-back program will likely change over time，depending on what works for your customers and company goals. Maybe you see low customer participation at first or conversely，so much success that the cost of recycling becomes too high. Best Buy，for instance，has been bearing the lion's share of e-waste volume since two of its largest competitors，Amazon and Walmart，do not have their own recycling programs. Sincethe launch of its program，Best Buy changed its policy to add a $ 25 fee for recycling old televisions in order to keep the program going.M）Build a culture of collective values with customers. A stronger relationship between the retailer/producer and the consumer isn't just about financial incentives. By creating more awareness around your efforts to reduce waste，and by developing a culture of responsibility，repair，and reuse，you can build customer loyalty based on shared values and responsibilities.N）These examples are just the tip of the iceberg，but they demonstrate how helping customers get more use of their materials can transform value chains and operations. Reducing waste by incorporating used materials into production can cut costs and decrease the price of procurement（采购）：less to be procured from the outside and more to be re-utilized from the inside.O）Companies play a big role in creating a circular economy，in which value is generating less from extracting new resources and more from getting better use out of the resources we already have-but they must also get customers engaged in the process.36.Some companies believe that products' prolonged lifespan benefits both the environment and customers.37.A survey shows shoppers today are getting more concerned about energy conservation and environmental protection when deciding what to buy.38. Companies can build customer loyalty by creating a positive culture of environmental awareness.39. When companies launch environmental programs, they will have their brand reputation enhanced.40. One multinational company offers discounts to customers who bring in old footwear to be used as fuel.41. Recycling used products can help manufacturers reduce production costs.42. Electronic products contain valuable metals that could be recovered.43. It seems commonly believed that companies are not motivated to prolong their products' lifespan.44. It is advisable for companies to partner with each other in product recycling.45. Some businesses have begun to realize it may not be effective to let consumers take full responsibility for recycling.Section CDirections: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed bysome questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A），B），C）and D）.You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage One Questions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.Effective Friday，Screen Actors Guild-American Federation of Television and Radio Artists（SAG-AFTRA）has declared a strike against II video game publishers over games that went into production after Feb.17，2015.The companies include some of the heavyweights of the industry，like Electronic Arts Productions，Insomniac Games，Activision and Disney.The strike comes in light of an unsuccessful 19 months of negotiations after the existing labor contract known as the Interactive Media Agreement expired in late 2014.Overall，the strike is an effort to provide more secondary compensation along with other concerns，such as transparency upon hiring talent and on-set（制作中）safety precautions.The video gaming industry has ballooned in recent years. The Los Angeles Times reports that the industry is in the midst of an intense increase in cash flow. In 2015，gaming produced $23.5 billion in domestic revenue.But SAG-AFTRA says voice actors don't receive residuals（追加酬金）for their gaming work. Instead，they receive a fixed rate，which is typically about $825 for a standard four-hour vocal session. So the voice actors are pushing for the idea of secondary compensation—a performance bonus every time a game sells 2 million copies or downloads，or reaches 2 million subscribers，with a cap at 8 million.“It's a very small number of games that would trigger this secondary compensation issue，”said voice actor Crispin Freeman，who's a member of the union's negotiating committee. "This is an important aspect of what it means to be a freelance（从事自由职业的）performer，who isn't regularly employed every single day working on projects.”Another major complaint from the actors is the secrecy of the industry. "I can't imagine if there's any other acting job in the world where you don't know what show you' re in, when you' re hired," says voice actor Keythe Farley, who chairs the SAG-AFTRA negotiating committee."And yet that happens every day in the video game world," Farley told reporters during a press conference Friday. "I was a main character in Fallout 4,a character by the name of Kellogg, and I never knew that I was doing vocal recording for that game throughout the year and a half."Scott Witlin, the lawyer representing the video game companies, says voice actors "represent less than one tenth of I percent of the work that goes into making a video game." So "even though they're the top craftsmen in their field," Witlin says, "if we pay them under a vastly different system than the people who do the 99.9 percent of the work, that's going to create far more problems for the video game companies."46. Why did SAG-AFTRA declare a strike against some video game publishers?A) The labor contract between them had been violated.B) Its appeal to renegotiate the contract had been rejected.C) It had been cheated repeatedly in the 19 months of talks.D) The negotiations between them had broken down.47. What do we learn from the passage about the video gaming industry?A) It has reaped huge profits in recent years.B) It has become more open and transparent.C) It has attracted many famous voice actors.D) It has invested a lot in its domestic market.48. What are the voice actors demanding?A) More regular employment.B) Anon-discriminatory contract.C) Extra pay based on sales revenues.D)A limit on the maximum work hours.49. What does Keythe Farley say about voice actors?A) They are kept in the dark about many details of their job.B) They are discriminated against in the gaming industry.C) They are not paid on a regular basis.D) They are not employed full-time.50. What is the argument of lawyer Scott Witlin?A) Voice actors should have a pay raise if they prove to be top craftsmen.B) Changing the pay system would cause the industry more problems.C) Voice actors are mere craftsmen, not professional performers.D) Paying voice actors on an hourly basis is in line with the law.Passage TwoQuestions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.Officials at the White House announced a new space policy focused on managing the increasing number of satellites that companies and governments are launching intospace. Space Policy Directive-3 lays out general guidelines for the United States to mitigate（缓解）the effects of space debris and track and manage traffic in space.This policy sets the stage for the Department of Commerce to take over the management of traffic in space. The department will make sure that newly launched satellites don't use radio frequencies that would interfere with existing satellites，and schedule when such new satellites can be launched. This only applies to American space activities，but the hope is that it will help standardize a set of norms in the dawning commercial spaceflight industry throughout the world.Space，especially the space directly around our planet，is getting more crowded as more governments and companies launch satellites. One impetus for the policy is that companies are already starting to build massive constellations（星座），comprising hundreds or thousands of satellites with many moving parts among them. With so much stuff in space，and a limited area around our planet，the government wants to reduce the chances of a collision. Two or more satellites slamming into each other could create many more out-of-control bits that would pose even more hazards to the growing collection of satellites in space.And it's not like this hasn't happened before. In 2009 an old Russian craft slammed into a communications satellite, creating a cloud of hundreds of pieces of debris and putting other hardware at risk. Journalist Sarah Scoles reports that NASA currently tracks about 24,000 objects in space, and in 2016 the Air Force had to issue 3,995,874 warnings to satellite owners alerting them to a potential nearby threat from another satellite or bit of debris.That's why this new policy also includes directions to update the current U.S. Government Orbital Debris Mitigation Standard Practices, which already require any entity that launches a satellite or spacecraft to vigorously analyze the likelihood that any of their actions, from an unexpected failure or normal operations, will create more space debris. It includes accounting for any piece of debris they plan to release over 5mm that might stay in orbit for 25 years or more. It might seem surprising to think about an item staying in space for that long, but the oldest satellite still in orbit-Vanguard 1-turned 60 in 2018.Agencies and companies throughout the world are working on developing technology that would dispose of or capture space debris before it causes serious damage. But for now, the U.S. government is more focused on preventing new debris from forming than taking the trash out of orbit.51. What is the purpose of the new U.S. space policy?A) To lay out general guidelines for space exploration.B) To encourage companies to join in space programs.C) To make the best use of satellites in space.D) To improve traffic conditions in space.52. What is the Department of Commerce expected to do under the new policy?A) Reduce debris in space.B) Monitor satellite operations.C) Regulate the launching of new satellites.D) Update satellite communications technology.53. What does the U.S. government hope to do with the new space policy?A) Set international standards for the space flight industry.B) Monopolize space industry by developing a set of norms.C) Facilitate commercial space flights throughout the world.D) Promote international collaboration in space exploration.54. What is a space vehicle launching entity required to do according to the current U.S. Government Orbital Debris Mitigation Standard Practices?A) Give an estimate of how long its debris will stay in space.B) Account for the debris it has released into space at any time.C) Provide a detailed plan for managing the space debris it creates.D) Make a thorough analysis of any possible addition to space debris.55. What are space agencies and companies aiming to do at present?A) Recycle used space vehicles before they turn into debris.B）Develop technology to address the space debris problem.C）Limit the amount of debris entering space.D）Cooperate closely to retrieve space debris.Part IV Translation （30 minutes）Directions: For this part，you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.中国幅员辽阔，人口众多，很多地方人们都说自己的方言。
大学英语2019年6月六级真题第3套
2019年6月大学英语六级考试真题(三)Part I Writing (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay explaining why it is unwise to put all your eggs in one basket. You can give examples to illustrate your point. Youshould write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.Part II Listening Comprehension (30 minutes)说明：2019年6月六级真题全国共考了两套听力。
本套（即第三套）的听力内容与第二套的完全一样，只是选项的顺序不一样而已，故在本套中不再重复给出。
Part III Reading Comprehension (40 minutes) Section ADirections:In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read thepassage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank isidentified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on AnswerSheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in thebank more than once.Questions 36 to 45 are based on the following passage.Millions of Americans are entering their 60s and are more concerned than ever about retirement. They know they need to save, but how much? And what exactly are they saving for—to spend more time 36 the grandkids, go traveling, or start another career? It turns out that husbands and wives may have 37 different ideas about, the subject.The deepest divide is in the way spouses envisage their lifestyle in their later years. Fidelity Investments Inc. found 41 percent of the 500 couples it surveyed 38 on whether both or at least one spouse will work in retirement. Wives are generally right regarding their husbands’ retirement age, but men 39 the age their wives will be when they stop working. And husbands are slightly more 40 about their standard of living than wives are.Busy juggling (穷于应付) careers and families, most couples don’t take the time to sit down,41 or together, and think about what they would like to do 5,10 or 20 years from now. They42 they are on the same page, but the 43 is they have avoided even talking about it.If you are self-employed or in a job that doesn’t have a standard retirement age, you may be more apt to delay thinking about these issues. It is often a 44 retirement date that provides the catalyst (催化剂) to start planning. Getting laid off or accepting an early-retirement 45 can force your hand. But don’t wait until you get a severance (遣散费) check to begin planning.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。
2019年6月大学英语六级真题试卷及答案(三套全)
2019年6月大学英语六级真题试卷及答案（三套全）目录2018年6月大学英语六级真题试卷及答案（一） (1)快速对答案 (16)2018年6月大学英语六级真题试卷及答案（二） (17)快速对答案 (32)2018年6月大学英语六级真题试卷及答案（三） (32)快速对答案 (43)2018年6月大学英语六级真题试卷及答案（一）Part I Writing (30 minutes) (请于正式开考后半小时内完成该部分，之后将进行听力考试)Directions: For this part,you are allowed30minutes to write an essay on the importance of building trust between employers and employees.You can cite examples to illustrate your views.you should write at least150words but no more than200words.Part II Listening Comprehension (30 minutes) Section ADirections:In this section, you will hear two long conversations. At the end of each conversation, you will hear four questions. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。
2019年6月六级真题(第三套)
2019年6月六级考试真题（第三套）为了让大家更好地模拟真实考场，文都网校四六级完全按照真题卷面顺序排版了本套真题，Part I写作部分被放在了试卷的最后一页，与听力部分完全隔开，请大家在备考过程中提早适应卷面顺序！Part II Listening Comprehension(30minutes)Part III Reading Comprehension(40minutes)Section ADirections:In this section,there is a passage with ten blanks.You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage.Read the passagethrough carefully before making your choices.Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter.Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet2with a single linethrough the centre.You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.Pasta is no longer off the menu,after a new review of studies suggested that the carbohydrate can form part of a healthy diet,and even help people lose weight.For years,nutritionists have recommended that pasta be kept to a26,to cut calories,prevent fat build-up and stop blood sugar27up.The low-carbohydrate food movement gave birth to such diets as the Atkins,Paleo and Keto,which advised swapping foods like bread,pasta and potatoes for vegetables,fish and meat.More recently the trend of swapping spaghetti for vegetables has been28by clean-eating experts.But now a29review and analysis of30studies by Canadian researchers found that not only does pasta not cause weight gain,but three meals a week can help people drop more than half a kilogram over four months.The reviewers found that pasta had been unfairly demonized(妖魔化)because it had been30in with other,more fat-promoting carbohydrates.“The study found that pasta didn’t31to weight gain or increase in body fat,”said lead author Dr John Sievenpiper.“In32the evidence,we can now say with some confidence that pasta does not have an33effect on body weight outcomes when it is consumed as part of a healthy dietary pattern.”In fact, analysis actually showed a small weight loss.So34to concerns,perhaps pasta can be part of a healthy diet.I)minimum J)radiating K)ration L)shooting M)subscribe N)systematic O)weighingA)adverseB)championedC)clinicalD)contraryE)contributeF)intimateG)lumpedH)magnified Those involved in the 35trials on average ate 3.3servings of pasta a week instead of other carbohy-drates,one serving equaling around half a cup.They lost around half a kilogram over an average follow-up of 12weeks.Section BDirections:In this section,you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it.Each state-ment contains information given in one of the paragraphs.Identify the paragraph from whichthe information is derived.You may choose a paragraph more than once.Each paragraph ismarked with a letter.Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on AnswerSheet 2.The future of personal satellite technology is here—are we ready for it?[A]Satellites used to be the exclusive playthings of rich governments and wealthy corporations.But increasingly,as space becomes more democratized,they are coming within reach of ordinary people.Justlike drones (无人机)before them,miniature satellites are beginning to fundamentally transform our conceptions of who gets to do what up above our heads.[B]As a recent report from the National Academy of Sciences highlights,these satellites hold tremendouspotential for making satellite-based science more accessible than ever before.However,as the cost of getting your own satellite in orbit drops sharply,the risks of irresponsible use grow.The question here is no longer “Can we?”but “Should we?”What are the potential downsides of having a slice of space densely populated by equipment built by people not traditionally labeled as “professionals”?And what would the responsible and beneficial development and use of this technology actually look like?Some of the answers may come from a nonprofit organization that has been building and launching amateur satellites for nearly 50years.[C]Having your personal satellite launched into orbit might sound like an idea straight out of science fiction.But over the past few decades a unique class of satellites has been created that fits the bill:CubeSats.The “Cube”here simply refers to the satellite’s shape.The most common CubeSat is a 10cm cube,so small that a single CubeSat could easily be mistaken for a paperweight on your desk.These mini-satellites can fit in a launch vehicle’s formerly “wasted space.”Multiples can be deployed in combination for more complex missions than could be achieved by one CubeSat alone.[D]Within their compact bodies these minute satellites are able to house sensors and communicationsreceivers/transmitters that enable operators to study Earth from space,as well as space around Earth.They’re primarily designed for Low Earth Orbit (LEO)—an easily accessible region of space from around 200to 800miles above Earth,where human-tended missions like the Hubble Space Telescopeand the International Space Station (ISS)hang out.But they can attain more distant orbits;NASA plans formost of its future Earth-escaping payloads(to the moon and Mars especially)to carry CubeSats.[E]Because they’re so small and light,it costs much less to get a CubeSat into Earth’s orbit than a traditionalcommunications or GPS satellite.For instance,a research group here at Arizona State University recently claimed their developmental small CubeSats could cost as little as$3,000to put in orbit.This decrease in cost allows researchers,hobbyists and even elementary school groups to put simple instruments into LEO or even having them deployed from the ISS.[F]The first CubeSat was created in the early2000s,as a way of enabling Stanford graduate students todesign,build,test and operate a spacecraft with similar capabilities to the USSR’s Sputnik(前苏联的人造卫星).Since then,NASA,the National Reconnaissance Office and even Boeing have all launched and operated CubeSats.There are more than130currently in operation.The NASA Educational Launch of Nano Satellite program,which offers free launches for educational groups and science missions,is nowopen to U.S.nonprofit corporations as well.Clearly,satellites are not just for rocket scientistsanymore. [G]The National Academy of Sciences report emphasizes CubeSats’importance in scientific discovery andthe training of future space scientists and engineers.Yet it also acknowledges that widespread deployment of LEO CubeSats isn’t risk-free.The greatest concern the authors raise is space debris—pieces of“junk”that orbit the earth,with the potential to cause serious damage if they collide with operational units, including the ISS.[H]Currently,there aren’t many CubeSats and they’re tracked closely.Yet as LEO opens up to more amateursatellites,they may pose an increasing threat.As the report authors point out,even near-misses might lead to the“creation of a burdensome regulatory framework and affect the future disposition of science CubeSats.”[I]CubeSat researchers suggest that now’s the time to ponder unexpected and unintended possible conse-quences of more people than ever having access to their own small slice of space.In an era when you can simply buy a CubeSat kit off the shelf,how can we trust the satellites over our heads were developed with good intentions by people who knew what they were doing?Some“expert amateurs”in the satellite game could provide some inspiration for how to proceed responsibly.[J]In1969,the Radio Amateur Satellite Corporation(AMSAT)was created in order to foster ham radio enthusiasts’(业余无线电爱好者)participation in space research and communication.It continued the efforts,begun in1961,by Project OSCAR—a U.S.-based group that built and launched the very first non-governmental satellite just four years after Sputnik.As an organization of volunteers,AMSAT was putting “amateur”satellites in orbit decades before the current CubeSat craze.And over time,its members have learned a thing or two about responsibility.Here,open-source development has been a central principle.Within the organization,AMSAT has a philosophy of open sourcing everything—making technical data on all aspects of their satellites fully available to everyone in the organization,and when possible,the public.According to a member of the team responsible for FOX1-A,AMSAT’s first CubeSat,this means that there’s no way to sneak something like explosives or an energy emitter into an amateur satellite when everyone has access to the designs and implementation.[K]However,they’re more cautious about sharing information with nonmembers,as the organization guards against others developing the ability to hijack and take control of their satellites.This form of “self-governance”is possible within long-standing amateur organizations that,over time,are able to builda sense of responsibility to community members,as well as society in general.But what happens whennew players emerge,who don’t have deep roots within the existing culture?[L]Hobbyists and students are gaining access to technologies without being part of a long-standing amateur establishment.They’re still constrained by funders,launch providers and a series of regulations—all of which rein in what CubeSat developers can and cannot do.But there’s a danger they’re ill-equipped to think through potential unintended consequences.What these unintended consequences might be is admittedly far from clear.Yet we know innovators can be remarkably creative with taking technologies in unexpected directions.Think of something as seemingly benign as the cellphone—we have microfinance and text-based social networking at one end of the spectrum,and improvised(临时制作的)explosive devices at the other.[M]This is where a culture of social responsibility around CubeSats becomes important—not simply to ensure that physical risks are minimized,but to engage with a much larger community in anticipating and managing less obvious consequences of the technology.This is not an easy task.Yet the evidence from AMSAT and other areas of technology development suggests that responsible amateur communities can and do emerge around novel technologies.The challenge here,of course,is ensuring that what an amateur community considers to be responsible,actually is.Here’s where there needs to be a much wider public conversation that extends beyond government agencies and scientific communities to include students, hobbyists,and anyone who may potentially stand to be affected by the use of CubeSat technology.36.Given the easier accessibility to space,it is time to think about how to prevent misuse of satellites.37.A group of mini-satellites can work together to accomplish more complex tasks.38.The greater accessibility of mini-satellites increases the risks of their irresponsible use.39.Even school pupils can have their CubeSats put in orbit owing to the lowered launching cost.40.AMSAT is careful about sharing information with outsiders to prevent hijacking of their satellites.41.NASA offers to launch CubeSats free of charge for educational and research purposes.42.Even with constraints,it is possible for some creative developers to take the CubeSat technology indirections that result in harmful outcomes.43.While making significant contributions to space science,CubeSats may pose hazards to other spacevehicles.44.Mini-satellites enable operators to study Earth from LEO and space around it.45.AMSAT operates on the principle of having all its technical data accessible to its members,preventing theabuse of amateur satellites.Section CDirections:There are2passages in this section.Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements.For each of them there are four choices marked A),B),C)and D).You shoulddecide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet2with a singleline through the centre.Passage OneQuestions46to50are based on the following passage.When I re-entered the full-time workforce a few years ago after a decade of solitary self-employment, there was one thing I was looking forward to the most:the opportunity to have work friends once again.It wasn’t until I entered the corporate world that I realized,for me at least,being friends with colleagues didn’t emerge as a priority at all.This is surprising when you consider the prevailing emphasis by scholars and train-ers and managers on the importance of cultivating close interpersonal relationships at work.So much research has explored the way in which collegial(同事的)ties can help overcome a range of workplace issues affecting productivity and the quality of work output such as team-based conflict,jealousy,undermining, anger,and more.Perhaps my expectations of lunches,water-cooler gossip and caring,deep-and-meaningful conversations were a legacy of the last time I was in that kind of office environment.Whereas now,as I near the end of my fourth decade,I realize work can be fully functional and entirely fulfilling without needing to be best mates with the people sitting next to you.In an academic analysis just published in the profoundly-respected Journal of Management,researchers have looked at the concept of“indifferent relationships”.It’s a simple term that encapsulates(概括)the fact that relationships at work can reasonably be non-intimate,inconsequential,unimportant and even,dare I say it, disposable or substitutable.Indifferent relationships are neither positive nor negative.The limited research conducted thus far indicates they’re especially dominant among those who value independence over cooperation,and harmony over confrontation.Indifference is also the preferred option among those who are socially lazy.Maintaining relationships over the long term takes effort.For some of us,too much effort.As noted above,indifferent relationships may not always be the most helpful approach in resolving some of the issues that pop up at work.But there are nonetheless several empirically proven benefits.One of those is efficiency.Less time chatting and socializing means more time working and churning(产出).The other is self-esteem.As human beings,we’re primed to compare ourselves to each other in what is an anxiety-inducing phenomenon.Apparently,we look down on acquaintances more so than friends.Since the former is most common among those inclined towards indifferent relationships,their predominance can bolster individuals’sense of self-worth.Ego aside,a third advantage is that the emotional neutrality of indifferent relationships has been found to enhance critical evaluation,to strengthen one’s focus on task resolution,and to gain greater access to valuable information.None of that might be as fun as after-work socializing but,hey,I’ll take it anyway.46.What did the author realize when he re-entered the corporate world?A)Making new friends with his workmates was not as easy as he had anticipated.B)Cultivating positive interpersonal relationships helped him expel solitary feelings.C)Working in the corporate world requires more interpersonal skills than self-employment.D)Building close relationships with his colleagues was not as important as he had expected.47.What do we learn from many studies about collegial relationships?A)Inharmonious relationships have an adverse effect on productivity.B)Harmonious relationships are what many companies aim to cultivate.C)Close collegial relationships contribute very little to product quality.D)Conflicting relationships in the workplace exist almost everywhere.48.What can be inferred about relationships at work from an academic analysis?A)They should be cultivated.C)They are vital to corporate culture.B)They are virtually irrelevant.D)They should be reasonably intimate.49.What does the author say about people who are socially lazy?A)They feel uncomfortable when engaging in social interactions.B)They often find themselves in confrontation with their colleagues.C)They are unwilling to make efforts to maintain workplace relationships.D)They lack basic communication skills in dealing with interpersonal issues.50.What is one of the benefits of indifferent relationships?A)They provide fun at work.C)They help resolve differences.B)They help control emotions.D)They improve work efficiency.Passage TwoQuestions51to55are based on the following passage.In a few decades,artificial intelligence(AI)will surpass many of the abilities that we believe make us special.This is a grand challenge for our age and it may require an“irrational”response.One of the most significant pieces of news from the US in early2017was the efforts of Google to make autonomous driving a reality.According to a report,Google’s self-driving cars clocked1,023,330km,and required human intervention124times.That is one intervention about every8,047km of autonomous driving. But even more impressive is the progress in just a single year:human interventions fell from0.8times per thousand miles to0.2,a400%improvement.With such progress,Google’s cars will easily surpass my own driving ability later this year.Driving once seemed to be a very human skill.But we said that about chess,too.Then a computer beat the human world champion,repeatedly.The board game Go(围棋)took over from chess as a new test for human thinking in2016,when a computer beat one of the world’s leading professional Go players.With computers conquering what used to be deeply human tasks,what will it mean in the future to be human?I worry about my six-year-old son.What will his place be in a world where machines beat us in one area after another?He’ll never calculate faster,never drive better,or even fly more safely.Actually,it all comes down to a fairly simple question:What’s so special about us?It can’t be skills like arithmetic,which machines already excel in.So far,machines have a pretty hard time emulating creativity,arbitrary enough not to be predicted by a computer,and yet more than simple randomness.Perhaps,if we continue to improve information-processing machines,we’ll soon have helpful rational assistants.So we must aim to complement the rationality of the machine,rather than to compete with it.If I’m right,we should foster a creative spirit because a dose of illogical creativity will complement the rationality of the machine.Unfortunately,however,our education system has not caught up to the approaching reality. Indeed,our schools and universities are structured to mould pupils to be mostly obedient servants of rational-ity,and to develop outdated skills in interacting with outdated machines.We need to help our children learn how to best work with smart computers to improve human decision-making.But most of all we need to keep the long-term perspective in mind:that even if computers will outsmart us,we can still be the most creative.Because if we aren’t,we won’t be providing much value in future ecosystems,and that may put in question the foundation for our existence.51.What is the author’s greatest concern about the use of AI?A)Computers are performing lots of creative tasks.B)Many abilities will cease to be unique to human beings.C)Computers may become more rational than humans.D)Many human skills are fast becoming outdated.52.What impresses the author most in the field of AI?A)Google’s experimental driverless cars require little human intervention.B)Google’s cars have surpassed his driving ability in just a single year.C)Google has made huge progress in autonomous driving in a short time.D)Google has become a world leader in the field of autonomous driving.53.What do we learn from the passage about creativity?A)It is rational.C)It is human specific.B)It is predictable.D)It is yet to be emulated by AI.54.What should schools help children do in the era of AI?A)Cultivate original thinking.C)Compete with smart machines.B)Learn to work independently.D)Understand how AI works.55.How can we humans justify our future existence?A)By constantly outsmarting computers.B)By adopting a long-term perspective.C)By rationally compromising with AI.D)By providing value with our creativity.Part IV Translation(30minutes) Directions:For this part,you are allowed30minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English.You should write your answer on Answer Sheet2.中国幅员辽阔，人口众多，很多地方人们都说自己的方言。
2019年6月英语六级真题第3套试题
大学英语六级考试COLLEGE ENGLISH TEST—Band Six —（2019年6月第3套）试题册☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆敬告考生一、在答题前，请认真完成以下内容：1.请检查试题册背面条形码枯贴条、答题卡的印刷质量，如有问题及时向监考员反映，确认无误后完成以下两点要求。
2.请将试题册背面条形码粘贴条揭下后粘贴在答题卡l的条形码粘贴框内，并将姓名和准考证号填写在试题册背面相应位置。
3.请在答题卡1和答题卡2指定位置用黑色签字笔填写准考证号、姓名和学校名称，并用HB-2B铅笔将对应准考证号的信息点涂黑。
二、在考试过程中，请注意以下内容：1.所有题目必须在答题卡上规定位置作答，在试题册上或答题卡上非规定位置的作答一律无效。
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全国大学英语四、六级考试委员会Part Ⅱ Listening Comprehension (30 minutes)特别说明本次六级考试仅考两套听力第三套听力试题同第一套或第二套试题一致Part Ⅲ Reading Comprehension (40 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Readthe passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank isidentified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on AnswerSheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words inthe bank more than once.Steel is valued for its reliability, but not when it gets cold. Most forms of steel 26 become brittle (脆的) at temperatures below about -25℃ unless they are mixed with other metals. Now, though, a novel type of steel has been developed that resists 27 at much lower temperatures, while retaining its strength and toughness - without the need for expensive 28.Steel's fragility at low temperatures first became a major concern during the Second World War. After German U-boats torpedoed (用鱼雷攻击) numerous British ships, a 2700-strong fleet of cheap-and-cheerful “Liberty ships” was introduced to replace the lost vessels, providing a lifeline for the 29 British. But the steel shells of hundreds of the ships 30 in the icy north Atlantic, and 12 broke in half and sank.Brittleness remains a problem when building steel structures in cold conditions, such as oil rigs in the Arctic. So scientists have 31 to find a solution by mixing it with expensive metals such as nickel.Yuuji Kimura and colleagues in Japan tried a more physical 32 Rather than adding other metals, they developed a complex mechanical process involving repeated heating and very severe mechanical deformation, known as tempforming.The resulting steel appears to achieve a combination of strength and toughness that is 33to that of modem steels that are very rich in alloy content and, therefore, very expensive.Kimura's team intends to use its tempformed steel to make ultra-high strength parts, such as bolts. They hope to reduce both the number of 34 needed in a construction job and their weight - by replacing solid supports with 35 tubes, for example. This could reduce the amount of steel needed to make everything from automobiles to buildings and bridges.Section BDirections: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraphfrom which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once.Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking thecorresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.The future of personal satellite technology is here - are we ready for it?[A]Satellites used to be the exclusive playthings of rich governments and wealthy corporations. Butincreasingly, as space becomes more democratized, they are coming within reach of ordinary people.Just like drones (无人机) before them, miniature satellites are beginning to fundamentally transform our conceptions of who gets to do what up above our heads.[B]As a recent report from the National Academy of Sciences highlights, these satellites holdtremendous potential for making satellite-based science more accessible than ever before. However, as the cost of getting your own satellite in orbit drops sharply, the risks of irresponsible use grow.The question here is no longer “Can we?” but “Should we?” What are the potential downsides of having a slice of space densely populated by equipment built by people not traditionally labeled as “professionals”? And what would the responsible and beneficial development and use of this technology actually look like? Some of the answers may come from a nonprofit organization that has been building and launching amateur satellites for nearly 50 years.[C]Having your personal satellite launched into orbit might sound like an idea straight out of sciencefiction. But over the past few decades a unique class of satellites has been created that fits the bill: CubeSats. The “Cube” here simply refers to the satellite's shape. The most common CubeSat is a 10cm cube, so small that a single CubeSat could easily be mistaken for a paperweight on your desk.These mini-satellites can fit in a launch vehicle's formerly “wasted space.” Multiples can be deployed in combination for more complex missions than could be achieved by one CubeSat alone.[D]Within their compact bodies these minute satellites are able to house sensors and communicationsreceivers/transmitters that enable operators to study Earth from space, as well as space around Earth.They're primarily designed for Low Earth Orbit (LEO) - an easily accessible region of space from around 200 to 800 miles above Earth, where human-tended missions like the Hubble Space Telescope and the International Space Station (ISS) hang out. But they can attain more distant orbits;NASA plans for most of its future Earth-escaping payloads (to the moon and Mars especially) to carry CubeSats.[E]Because they're so small and light, it costs much less to get a CubeSat into Earth's orbit than atraditional communications or GPS satellite. For instance, a research group here at Arizona State University recently claimed their developmental small CubeSats could cost as little as $3,000 to put in orbit. This decrease in cost a11ows researchers, hobbyists and even elementary school groups to put simple instruments into LEO or even having them deployed from the ISS.[F]The first CubeSat was created in the early 2000s, as a way of enabling Stanford graduate studentsto design, build, test and operate a spacecraft with similar capabilities to the USSR's Sputnik (前苏联的人造卫星) . Since then, NASA, the National Reconnaissance Office and even Boeing have all launched and operated CubeSats. There are more than 130 currently in operation. The NASA Educational Launch of Nano Satellite program, which offers free launches for educational groups and science missions, is now open to U.S. nonprofit corporations as well. Clearly, satellites are not just for rocket scientists anymore.[G]The National Academy of Sciences report emphasizes CubeSats' importance in scientific discoveryand the training of future space scientists and engineers. Yet it also acknowledges that widespread deployment of LEO CubeSats isn't risk-flee. The greatest concern the authors raise is space debris - pieces of “junk” that orbit the earth, with the potential to cause serious damage if they collide with operational units, including the ISS.[H]Currently, there aren't many CubeSats and they're tracked closely. Yet as LEO opens up to moreamateur satellites, they may pose an increasing threat. As the report authors point out, even near-misses might lead to the “creation of a burdensome regulatory framework and affect the future disposition of science CubeSats.”[I]CubeSat researchers suggest that now's the time to ponder unexpected and unintended possibleconsequences of more people than ever having access to their own small slice of space. In an era when you can simply buy a CubeSat kit off the shelf, how can we trust the satellites over our heads were developed with good intentions by people who knew what they were doing? Some “expert amateurs” in the satellite game could provide some inspiration for how to proceed responsibly.[J]In 1969, the Radio Amateur Satellite Corporation (AMSA T) was created in order to foster ham radio enthusiasts' (业余无线电爱好者) participation in space research and communication. It continued the efforts, begun in 1961, by Project OSCAR- a U.S.-based group that built and launched the very first nongovernmental satellite just four years after Sputnik. As an organization of volunteers, AMSAT was putting “amateur” satellites in orbit decades before the current CubeSat craze. And over time, its members have learned a thing or two about responsibility. Here, open source development has been a central principle, Within the organization, AMSAT has a philosophy of open sourcing everything making technical data on all aspects of their satellites fully available to everyone in the organization, and when possible, the public. According to a member of the team responsible for FOX 1-A, AMSAT's first CubeSat, this means that there is no way to sneak something like explosives or an energy emitter into an amateur satellite when everyone has accessto the designs and implementation.[K]However, they're more cautious about sharing information with nonmembers, as the organization guards against others developing the ability to hijack and take control of their satellites. This form of “self-governance” is possible within long-standing amateur organizations that, over time, are able to build a sense of responsibility to community members, as well as society in general. But what happens when new players emerge, who don't have deep roots within the existing culture?[L]Hobbyists and students are gaining access to technologies without being part of a long-standing amateur establishment. They're still constrained by funders, launch providers and a series of regulations - all of which rein in what CubeSat developers can and cannot do. But there's a danger they're ill-equipped to think through potential unintended consequences. What these unintended consequences might be is admittedly far from clear. Yet we know innovators can be remarkably creative with taking technologies in unexpected directions. Think of something as seemingly benign as the cellphone - we have microfinance and text-based social networking at one end of the spectrum, and improvised (临时制作的) explosive devices at the other.[M]This is where a culture of social responsibility around CubeSats becomes important - not simply to ensure that physical risks are minimized, but to engage with a much larger community in anticipating and managing less obvious consequences of the technology. This is not an easy task.Yet the evidence from AMSA T and other areas of technology development suggests that responsible amateur communities can and do emerge around novel technologies. The challenge here, of course, is ensuring that what an amateur communities considers to be responsible, actually is. Here's where there needs to be a much wider public conversation that extends beyond government agencies and scientific communities to include students, hobbyists, and anyone who may potentially stand to be affected by the use of CubeSat technology.36.Given the easier accessibility to space, it is time to think about how to prevent misuse of satellites.37. A group of mini-satellites can work together to accomplish more complex tasks.38.The greater accessibility of mini-satellites increases the risks of their irresponsible use.39.Even school pupils can have their CubeSats put in orbit owing to the lowered launching cost.40.AMSAT is careful about sharing information with outsiders to prevent hijacking of their satellites.41.NASA offers to launch CubeSats free of charge for educational and research purposes.42.Even with constraints, it is possible for some creative developers to take the CubeSat technology indirections that result in harmful outcomes.43.While making significant contributions to space science, CubeSats may pose hazards to other spacevehicles.44.Mini-satellites enable operators to study Earth from LEO and space around it.45.AMSAT operates on the principle of having all its technical data accessible to its members,preventing the abuse of amateur satellites.Section CDirections: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) andD) . You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter onAnswer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.When I re-entered the full-time workforce a few years ago after a decade of solitary self-employment, there was one thing I was looking forward to the most: the opportunity to have work friends once again. It wasn’t until I entered the corporate world that I realized, for me at least, being friends with colleagues didn’t emerge as a priority at all. This is surprising when you consider the prevailing emphasis by scholars and trainers and managers on the importance of cultivating close interpersonal relationships at work. So much research has explored the way in which collegial (同事的) ties can help overcome a range of workplace issues affecting productivity and the quality of work output such as team-based conflict, jealousy, undermining, anger, and more.Perhaps my expectations of lunches, water-cooler gossip and caring, deep-and-meaningful conversations were a legacy of the last time I was in that kind of office environment. Whereas now, as I near the end of my fourth decade, I realize work can be fully functional and entirely fulfilling without needing to be best mates with the people sitting next to you.In an academic analysis just published in the profoundly-respected Journal of Management, researchers have looked at the concept of “indifferent relationships”. It’s a simple term that encapsulates (概括) the fact that relationships at work can reasonably be non-intimate, inconsequential, unimportant and even, dare I say it, disposable or substitutable.Indifferent relationships are neither positive nor negative. The limited research conducted thus far indicates they’re especially dominant among those who value independence over cooperation, and harmony over confrontation. Indifference is also the preferred option among those who are socially lazy. Maintaining relationships over the long term takes effort. For some of us, too much effort.As noted above, indifferent relationships may not always be the most helpful approach in resolving some of the issues that pop up at work. But there are nonetheless several empirically proven benefits. One of those is efficiency. Less time chatting and socializing means more time working and churning (产出) .The other is self-esteem. As human beings, we’re primed to compare ourselves to each other in what is an anxiety-inducing phenomenon. Apparently, we look down on acquaintances more so than friends. Since the former is most common among those inclined towards indifferent relationships, their predominance can bolster individuals’ sense of self-worth.Ego aside, a third advantage is that the emotional neutrality of indifferent relationships has been found to enhance critical evaluation, to strengthen one’s focus on task resolution, and to gain greater access to valuable information. None of that might be as fun as after-work socializing but, hey, I’ll take it anyway.46.What did the author realize when he re-entered the corporate world?A) Making new friends with his workmates was not as easy as he had anticipated.B) Cultivating positive interpersonal relationships helped him expel solitary feelings.C) Working in the corporate world requires more interpersonal skills than self-employment.D) Building close relationships with his colleagues was not as important as he had expected.47.What do we learn from many studies about collegial relationships?A) Inharmonious relationships have an adverse effect on productivity.B) Harmonious relationships are what many companies aim to cultivate.C) Close collegial relationships contribute very little to product quality.D) Conflicting relationships in the workplace exist almost everywhere.48.What can be inferred about relationships at work from an academic analysis?A) They should be cultivated.B) They are virtually irrelevant.C) They are vital to corporate culture.D) They should be reasonably intimate.49.What does the author say about people who are socially lazy?A) They feel Uncomfortable when engaging in social interactions.B) They often find themselves in confrontation with their colleagues.C) They are unwilling to make efforts to maintain Workplace relationships.D) They lack basic communication skills in dealing with interpersonal issues.50.What is one of the benefits of indifferent relationships?A) They provide fun at Work.B) They help control emotions.C) They help resolve differences.D) They improve Work efficiency.Passage TwoQuestions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.In a few decades, artificial intelligence (AI) will surpass many of the abilities that we believe make us special. This is a grand challenge for our age and it may require an “irrational” response.One of the most significant pieces of news from the US in early 2017 was the efforts of Google to make autonomous driving a reality. According to a report, Google’s self-driving cars clocked 1,023,330 krn, and required human intervention 124 times. That is one intervention about every 8,047 km of autonomous driving. But even more impressive is the progress in just a single year: human interventions fell from 0.8 times per thousand miles to 0.2, a 400% improvement. With such progress, Google’s cars will easily surpass my own driving ability later this year.Driving once seemed to be a very human skill. But we said that about chess, too. Then a computer beat the human world champion, repeatedly. The board game Go (围棋) took over from chess as a new test for human thinking in 2016, when a computer beat one of the world’s leading professional Go players. With computers conquering what used to be deeply human tasks, what will it mean in the future to be human? I worry about my six-year-old son. What will his place be in a world where machines beat us in one area after another? He’ll never calculate faster, never drive better, or even fly more safely. Actually,it all comes down to a fairly simple question: What’s so special about us? It can’t be skills like arithmetic, which machines already excel in. So far, machines have a pretty hard time emulating creativity, arbitrary enough not to be predicted by a computer, and yet more than simple randomness.Perhaps, if we continue to improve information-processing machines, we’ll soon have helpful rational assistants. So we must aim to complement the rationality of the machine, rather than to compete with it. If I'm right, we should foster a creative spirit because a dose of illogical creativity will complement the rationality of the machine. Unfortunately, however, our education system has not caught up to the approaching reality. Indeed, our schools and universities are structured to mould pupils to be mostly obedient servants of rationality, and to develop outdated skills in interacting with outdated machines. We need to help our children learn how to best work with smart computers to improve human decision-making. But most of all we need to keep the long-term perspective in mind: that even if computers will outsmart us, we can still be the most creative. Because if we aren’t, we won’t be providing much value in future ecosystems, and that may put in question the foundation for our existence.51.What is the author’s greatest concern about the use of AI?A) Computers are performing lots of creative tasks.B) Many abilities will cease to be unique to human beings.C) Computers may become more rational than humans.D) Many human skills are fast becoming outdated.52.What impresses the author most in the field of AI?A) Google’s experimental driverless cars require little human intervention.B) Google’s cars have surpassed his driving ability in just a single year.C) Google has made huge progress in autonomous driving in a short time.D) Google has become a world leader in the field of autonomous driving.53.What do we learn from the passage about creativity?A) It is rational.B) It is predictable. C) It is human specific.D) It is yet to be emulated by AI.54.What should schools help children do in the era of AI?A) Cultivate original thinking.B) Learn to work independently.C) Compete with smart machines.D) Understand how AI works.55.How can we humans justify our future existence?A) By constantly outsmarting Computers.B) By adopting a long-term perspective.C) By rationally Compromising with AI.D) By providing value with our creativity.Part ⅣTranslation(30 minutes) Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.中国幅员辽阔，人口众多，很多地方人们都说自己的方言。
2019年6月大学英语六级考试真题与参考答案(全三套)
2019年6月大学英语六级考试真题及参考答案（第1套）Part I Writing (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay on the importance of motivation and methods in learning.You should write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.【参考范文】As an old saying goes, knowledge can change one’s life. In order to acquire knowledge, we have to study hard. However, it can not be ignored that effective learning needs both motivation and scientific methods.It’s not difficult for us to come up with several possible reasons accounting for this perspective. In the first place, learning is a kind of serious and hard work. Therefore, not everyone is able to keep going without certain internal motivations. Besides, scientific methods play a significant role in improving learning efficiency. Many of us believe that the longer you study, the better grades you will get. But a lot of experiences of our classmates prove that this view is not entirely correct. In details, studying for a long time is exhausting and it is very likely to decrease study efficiency, which is critical to academic performance.From what has been mentioned above, we can easily draw a conclusion that the importance of motivation and methods in learning is self-evident. And it is necessary for us to develop good learning methods.【参考范文译文】俗话说，知识能改变命运。
2019年6月大学英语六级真题及答案解析卷三
2019年6月大学英语六级真题及答案解析完整版（卷三）Part I WritingDirections: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay on the imp ortance of team spirit and communication in the workplace. You can cite examples to illustrate your views. You should write at least 150 words but no more than 200 wor ds.One of the problems both people and corporation face today is self-isolation and information loss, and many feel there is a great need for team spirit and communicat ion. I believe that working together and communicating with each other offer the bes t solution to the world’s pressing matters.Firstly, team spirit and communication help to deal with information loss. A group share information by working together and communication. Among all the touching f acts relating to this topic, the most impressive one is Bill Gates and Allen. Without te amwork and communication, how could it be possible for Microsoft corporation to ac hieve success? Second, team spirit and communication are beneficial to staff who do not have opportunity to speak all day long staring at the PC. Working with others gi ves them a chance to speak and prevent their speaking skills from deteriorate. More i mportantly, team spirit and communication help to create an amicable working atmos phere. By consulting problems with others, the moderate and friendly atmosphere is t hus created.Overall, team spirit and communication is beneficial in that they eliminate barriers to information loss, and improve the relationship between colleagues as well as the w orking atmosphere. Team spirit and communication are therefore an essential measure, the effects of which will be felt far and wide.【解析】本篇作文属于话题类作文，要求我们就团队精神及沟通在工作中的重要性写一篇作文。
2019年6月英语六级真题(第三套)
.
A) abruptly
I) cracked
B) additives
J) fractures
C) approach
K) hollow
D) ardently
L) relevant
E) besieged
M) reshuffled
F) channel
N) strived
G) comparable O) violent
supports with 35 tubes, for example. This could reduce the amount of steel needed to make everything
from automobiles to buildings and bri Nhomakorabeages.
Answers:
C) Having your personal satellite launched into orbit might sound like an idea straight out of science fiction . But over the past few decades a unique class of satellites has been created that fits the bill: CubeSats. The“Cube”here simply refers to the satellite's shape. The most common CubeSat is a 10cm cube, so small that a single CubeSat could easily be mistaken for a paperweight on your desk. These mini-satellites can fit in a launch vehicle's formerly“wasted space.”Multiples can be deployed in combination for more complex missions than could be achieved by one CubeSat alone.
2019年6月英语六级真题及答案(三套全)
英语六级真题和答案听力Passage 1At some 2300 miles in length, the Mississippi is the longest river in the United States. At some 1000 miles, the Mackenzie is the longest river in Canada. But these waterways seem minute in comparison to the world’s 2 lengthies t rivers: the Nile and the Amazon.The Nile which begins in central Africa and flows over 4100 miles north into the Mediterranean hosted one of the world’s great ancient civilizations along its shores. Calm and peaceful for most of the year, the Nile used to flood annually, thereby creating, irrigating and carrying new topsoil to the nearby farmland on which ancient Egypt depended for livelihood. As a means of transportation, the river carried various vessels up and down its length.A journey through the unobstructed part of this waterway today would pass by the splendid valley of the Kings, where the tombs of many of these ancient monarchs have stood for over 3000 years. Great civilizations and intensive settlement are hardly associated with the Amazon, yet this 4000 mile-long south American river carries about 20% of the world’s fresh water more than the Mississippi, Nile and Yangtze combined. Other statistics are equally astonishing. The Amazon is so wide at some points that from its center neither shore can be seen. Each second, the Amazon pours some 55 million gallons of water into the Atlantic. There, at its mouth stands one island larger than Switzerland. Most important of all, the Amazon irrigates the largest tropical rain forest on earth.Passage 19. What can be found in the valley of the Kings?10. In what way is the Amazon different from other big rivers?11. What does the speaker say about the Amazon?Recording 2Good morning, ladies and gentlemen, and welcome to the third in our cities of business seminars in the program “Doing Business Abroad”. (Q19) Today, we are going to look at the intercultural awareness, that is the fact that not everyone is British, not everyone speaks English and not everyone does business in a British way. And, why should they? (Q19) If overseas business people are selling to us, then they will make every effort to speak English and to respect our traditions and methods. It is only polite for us to do the same when we visit them. It is not only polite, it is a central, if we want to sell British products overseas. First, a short quiz. Let’s see how interculturally-aware you are. Question 1: where must you not drink alcohol on the first and seventh of every month. Question 2: where should you never admire your host’s possessions. Question 3: how should you attract the waiter during a business lunch in Bangkok. Question 4: where should you try to make all your appointments either before 2 or after 5:30 pm. OK,everyone had a chance to make some notes. Right! Here are the answers. Although I am sure that the information could equally well apply to countries other than those I have chosen. No.1: (Q20) you must not drink alcohol on the first and seventh of the month in India. In international hotels, you may find it served, but if you are having a meal with an India colleague, remember to avoid asking for a beer. If you are an arrival, coincide with one of those tips. No.2: in Arab countries, the politeness and generosity of the people is without parallel. If you admi re your colleague’s beautiful belt and bowls, you may well find yourself being presented with them as a present. This is not a cheap way to do your shopping, however, as your host will quite correctly expect you to respond by presenting him with a gift of equal worth and beauty. In Thailand, clicking the fingers, clapping your hands or just shouting “Waiter” will embarrass your hosts, fellow diners, the waiter himself and, most of all, you. Place your palm downward and make an inconspicuous waving gesture, which will produce instant and satisfying results. And finally, (Q21) in Spain, some businesses maintain the pattern of working until about 2 o’clock and then returning to the office from 5:30 to 8, 9 or 10 in the evening.Q19: What should you do when doing business with foreigners?Q20: What must you avoid doing with your Indian colleague?Q21: What do we learn about some Spanish people?选词填空儿歌Did Sarah Josepha Hale write “Mary’s Little Lamb,” the eternal nursery rhyme（儿歌）about girl named Mar y with a stubborn lamb? This is still disputed, but it’s clear that the woman 26 reputed for writing it was one of America’s most fascinating 27 characters. In honor of the poem publication on May 24,1830, here’s more about the 28 supposed author’s life.Hale wasn’t just a writer, she was also a 29 fierce social advocate, and she was particularly 30 obsessed with an ideal New England, which she associated with abundant Thanksgivinx xg meals that she claimed had “a deep moral influence,” she began a natio nwide 31 campaign to have a national holiday declared that would bring families together while celebrating the 32 traditional festivals. In 1863, after 17 years of advocacy including letters to five presidents, Hale got it. President Abraham Lincoln during the Civil War, issued a 33 proclamation setting aside the last Thursday in November for the holiday.The true authorship of “Mary’s Little Lamb” is disputed. According to New England Historical Society, Hale wrote only one part of the poem, but claimed authorship. Regardless of the author, it seems that the poem was 34 inspired by a real event. When young Mary Sawyer was followed to school by a lamb in 1816, it caused some problems. A bystander named John Roulstone wrote a poem about the event, then, at some point, Hale herself seems to have helped write it. However, ifa 1916 piece by her great-niece is to be trusted, Hale claimed for the 35 rest of her life that “Some other people pretended that someone else wrote the poem”.A）campaignB）careerC）charactersD）featuresE）fierceF）inspiredG）latterH）obsessedI）proclamationJ）rectifiedK）reputedL）restM）supposedN）traditionalO）versatile金字塔Scientists scanning and mapping the Giza pyramids say they've discovered that the Great Pyramid of Giza is not exactly even. But really not by much. This pyramid is the oldest of the world’s Seven Wonders. The pyramid’s exact size has 26 puzzled experts for centuries, as the "more than 21 acres of hard, white casing stones" that originally covered it were 27 removed long ago.Reporting in the most recent issue of the newsletter "AERAGRAM," which 28 chronicles the work of the Ancient Egypt Research Associates, engineer Glen Dash says that by using a new measuring approach that involved finding any surviving 29 remnants of the casing in order to determine where the original edge was. They found the east side of the pyramid to be a 30 maximum of 5.55 inches shorter than the west side.The question that most 31 fascinates him, however, isn't how the Egyptians who designed and built the pyramid got it wrong 4,500 years ago, but how they got it so close to 32 perfect. "We can only speculate as to how the Egyptians could have laid out these lines with such 33 precision using only the tools they had," Dash writes. He says his 34 hypothesis is that the Egyptians laid out their design on a grid, noting that the great pyramid is oriented only 35 slightly away from the cardinal directions (its north-south axis runs 3 minutes 54 seconds west of due north, while its east-west axis runs 3 minutes 51 seconds north of due east)—an amount that's "tiny, but similar," Atlas Obscura points out.chroniclesestablishedfascinateshypothesismaximummomentummysteriouslyperfectprecisionpuzzledremnantsremovedrevelationsslightly家用机器人When Elon Musk says, as he did this week, that his new priority is using artificial intelligence to build domestic robots, we should not only take note, but look forward to the day we can put our legs up in admiration.Mr. Musk is a guy who gets things done. The founder of two “moonshot” tech companies, Tesla Motors and SpaceX, is bringing electric vehicles to mass market and 26 humans to live on other planets. Lest this strike the amateur techie—not that readers of The Independent would ever count among them—as so much hot air, you can be reassured that the near $13bn (£8.8bn) fortune this entrepreneur has 27 comes from practical achievements rather than hypothetical ones.A lot of clever people are 28 about artificial intelligence, fearing that robots will one day become so 29 they’ll murder all of us. These fears are mostly30 : as with hysteria about genetic modification, we humans are generally wise enough to manage these problems with alacrity and care.And just think of how wonderful it would be if you had a live-in robot. It could —31 — be like having a babysitter and masseuse rolled into one —or, if that required 32 intelligence beyond the ken of Mr. Musk’s imagined machine, at least some one t o chop the carrots, wash the car and mow the lawn. Once purchased and trained, this would allow the 33 user to save money and time, freeing up 34 space in our busy lives to, for instance, read The Independent.That is why we welcome Mr. Musk’s l atest 35 , and wish him well. As long as robots add to the sum of human happiness, reduce suffering or cumbersome activity, and create time to read world-class journalism, The Independent will be their fans. Especially since journalism is one job robots will never do.B) casualC) emotionalD) enablingE) eventuallyF) exaggeratedG) extravagantH) generouslyI) misleadingJ) preciousK) rewardL) smartM) sphereN) terrifiedO) venture答案：26. D enabling27. A amassed28. N terrified29. L smart30. F exaggerated31. E eventually32. C emotional33. B casual34. J precious35. O venture阅读Passage OneQuestions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.The Ebro Delta, in Spain, famous as a battleground during the Spanish Civil War, is now the setting for a different contest, one that is pitting rice farmers against two enemies: the rice-eating giant apple snail, and rising sea levels. What happens here will have a bearing on the future of European rice production and the overall health of southern European wetlands.Located on the Mediterranean just two hours south of Barcelona, the Ebro Delta produces 120 million kilograms of rice a year, making it one of the continent’s most important rice-growing areas. As the sea creeps into these fresh-water marshes, however, rising salinity（盐分）is hampering rice production. At the same time, this sea-water also kills off the greedy giant applesnail, an introduced pest that feeds on young rice plants. The most promising strategy has become to harness one foe against the other.The battle is currently being waged on land, in greenhouses at the University of Barcelona. Scientists working under the banner “Project Neurice” are seeking varieties of rice that can withstand the increasing salinity without losing the absorbency that makes European rice ideal for traditional Spanish and Italian dishes.“The project has two sides,” says Xavier Serrat, Neurice project manager and researcher at the University of Barcelona. “the short-term fight against the snail, and a mid- to long-term fight against climate change. But the snail has given the project greater urgency.”Originally from South America, the snails were accidentally introduced into the Ebro Delta by Global Aquatic Tecnologies, a company that raised the snails for fresh-water aquariums（水族馆）, but failed to prevent their escape. For now, the giant apple snail’s presence in Europe is limited to the Ebro Delta. But the snail continues its march to new territory, says Serrat. “The question is not if it will reach other rice-growing areas of Europe, but when.”Over the next year and a half investigators will test the various strains of salt-tolerant rice they’ve bred. In 2018, farmers will plant the varieties with the most promi se in the Ebro Delta and Europe’s other two main rice-growing regions—along the Po in Italy, and France’s Rhône. A season in the field will help determine which, if any, of the varieties are ready for commercialization.As an EU-funded effort, the search for salt-tolerant varieties of rice is taking place in all three countries. Each team is crossbreeding a local European short-grain rice with a long-grain Asian variety that carries the salt-resistant gene. The scientists are breeding successive generations to arrive at varieties that incorporate salt tolerance but retain about 97 percent of the European rice genome（基因组）.46.Why does the author mention the Spanish Civil War at the beginning of the passage?A. It had great impact on the life of Spanish rice farmers.B. It is of great significance in the records of Spanish history.C. Rice farmers in the Ebro Delta are waging a battle of similar importance.D. Rice farmers in the Ebro Delta are experiencing as hard a time as in the war.47.What may be the most effective strategy for rice farmers to employ in fighting their enemies?A. Striking the weaker enemy firstB. Killing two birds with one stoneC. Eliminating the enemy one by oneD. Using one evil to combat the other48. What do we learn about “Project Neurice”?A. Its goals will have to be realized at a cost.B. It aims to increase the yield of Spanish rice.C. Its immediate priority is to bring the pest under control.D. It tries to kill the snails with the help of climate change.49. What does Neurice project manager say about the giant apple snail?A. It can survive only on southern European wetlands.B. It will invade other rice-growing regions of Europe.C. It multiplies at a speed beyond human imagination.D. It was introduced into the rice fields on purpose.50. What is the ultimate goal of the EU-funded program?A. Cultivating ideal salt-resistant rice varieties.B. Increasing the absorbency of the Spanish rice.C. Introducing Spanish rice to the rest of Europe.D. Popularizing the rice crossbreeding technology.Passage TwoQuestions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.Photography was once an expensive, laborious ordeal reserved for life's greatest milestones. Now, the only apparent cost to taking infinite photos of something as common as a meal is the space on your hard drive and your dining companion's patience.But is there another cost, a deeper cost, to documenting a life experience instead of simply enjoying it? "You hear that you shouldn't take all these photos and interrupt the experience, and it's bad for you, and we're not living in the present moment," says Kristin Diehl, associate professor of marketing at the University of Southern California Marshall School of Business.Diehl and her fellow researchers wanted to find out if that was true, so they embarked on a series of nine experiments in the lab and in the field testing people's enjoyment in the presence or absence of a camera. The results, published in the Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, surprised them. Taking photos actually makes people enjoy what they're doing more, not less."What we find is you actually look at the world slightly differently, because you're looking for things you want to capture, that you may want to hang onto," Diehl explains. "That gets people more engaged in the experience, and they tend to enjoy it more."Take sightseeing. In one experiment, nearly 200 participants boarded a double-decker bus for a tour of Philadelphia. Both bus tours forbade the use of cell phones but one tour provided digital cameras and encouraged people to take photos. The people who took photos enjoyed the experience significantly more, and said they were more engaged, than those who didn't.Snapping a photo directs attention, which heightens the pleasure you get from whatever you're looking at, Diehl says. It works for things as boring as archaeological（考古的）museums, wherepeople were given eye-tracking glasses and instructed either to take photos or not. "People look longer at things they want to photograph," Diehl says. They report liking the exhibits more, too.To the relief of Instagrammers（Instagram用户）everywhere, it can even makes meals more enjoyable. When people were encouraged to take at least three photos while they ate lunch, they were more immersed in their meals than those who weren't told to take photos.Was it the satisfying click of the camera? The physical act of the snap? No, they found; just the act of planning to take a photo—and not actually taking it—had the same joy-boosting effect. "If you want to take mental photos, that works the same way," Diehl says. "Thinking about what you would want to photograph also gets you more engaged."51.What does the author say about photo-taking in the past?A. It was a painstaking effort for recording life’s major events.B. It was a luxury that only a few wealthy people could enjoy.C. It was a good way to preserve one’s precious images.D. It was a skill that required lots of practice to master.52.Kristin Diehl conducted a series of experiments on photo-taking to find out __________.A. what kind of pleasure it would actually bring to photo-takersB. whether people enjoyed it when they did sightseeingC. how it could help to enrich people’s life experiencesD. Whether it prevented people enjoying what they were doing53.What do the results of Diehl’s experiments show that people taking photos?A. They are distracted from what they are doing.B. They can better remember what they see or do.C. They are more absorbed in what catches their eye.D. They can have a better understanding of the world.54.What is found about museum visitors with the aid of eye-tracking glasses?A. They come out with better photographs of the exhibits.B. They focus more on the exhibits when taking pictures.C. They have a better view of what are on display.D. They follow the historical events more easily.55.What do we learn from the last paragraph?A. It is better to make plans before taking photos.B. Mental photos can be as beautiful as snapshots.C. Photographers can derive great joy from the click of the camera.D. Even the very thought of taking a photo can have a positive effect.翻译自行车自行车曾经是中国城乡最主要的交通工具，中国一度被称为“自行车王国”。
大学英语六级考试真题及参考包括答案全三套.doc
2019 年 6 月大学英语六级考试真题及参考答案（第 1 套）Part I Writing (30 minutes)Directions:For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay on the importance of motivation and methods in learning. You should write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.【参考范文】As an old saying goes, knowledge can change one ’s life. In order to acquire knowledge, we have to study hard. However, it can not be ignored that effective learning needs both motivation and scientific methods.It ’ s not difficult for us to come up with several possible reasonsaccounting for this perspective. In the first place, learning is a kindof serious and hard work. Therefore, not everyone is able to keep goingwithout certain internal motivations. Besides, scientific methods playa significant role in improving learning efficiency. Many of us believethat the longer you study, the better grades you will get. But a lot ofexperiences of our classmates prove that this view is not entirely correct. In details, studying for a long time is exhausting and it is very likelyto decrease study efficiency,which is critical to academic performance.From what has been mentioned above, we can easily draw a conclusion that the importance of motivation and methods in learning is self-evident. And it isnecessary for us to develop good learning methods.【参考范文译文】俗话说，知识能改变命运。