自学考试综合英语二词型转换练习及答案

综二词形转换练习题1.At the Olympic Games our representatives were in ______with the best athletes from all parts of the world. (compete)2. He pulled off his cap and bowed gently, to my _____and surprise. ( embarrass)3. Since the party is very informal, whether you wear the red dress or the blue dress is really ______. (important)4. Thanks to his hard working, he has risen from_____to international fame. (obscure) obscurity5. The paint came off as the result of ____to the rain. ( expose) exposure6. She knows very little Chinese. This often leads to _____ when she visits China. (understand)7. In his final agony he called for the _____comfort which he had rejected for years. (religion)8. The _____spirit is one of the legacies of the Renaissance. ( science)9. There is something _____about her early childhood. ( mystery)1. competition2. embarrassment3. unimportant4. obscurity5. exposure6. misunderstands7. religious8. scientific9. mysterious2.1. You wouldn’t recognize the island now. It’s changed beyond all _____since the developers moved in. (recognize)2. They’re very alike in _____, but quite different in character. (appear)3. More than any other single _____, writing has transformed human consciousness. (invent)4. He was later to become the _____for the American comic strip character, superman. (inspire)5. My first impression of this village was ______unpleasant. Its unpleasantness is beyond description. (define) indefinably6. My new teacher is both gentle and ______towards me. (courage)7. They were large vessels made of clay, _____having long curved necks. (type)8. Tony, a recent _____, was an altogether more effective man. (arrive)9. There are many _____about the exploits of Robin Hood. (legendary)10. This first repetition drill serves to ______the students with the sounds in the dialogue. (familiar)1. recognition2. appearance3. invention4. inspiration5. indefinably6. encouraging7. typically8. arrival9. Legends 10. familiarize3.1. The animal moved with suc h ___that we didn’t see where it went. (rapid)2. we occasionally have friends round for dinner but apart from that we don’t do a lot of _____. (social)3. The football players were trying to make an ____on the national coach. (impress)4. He had nothing to gain from lying so we saw no reason to ______him. (believe)5. Music has always brought comfort and ___to people throughout the world.( please)6. The students were ____for the holidays to start. ( patient)7. This is the normal _____manner of introduction among speakers of American English.(courtesy) 8. ______to the castle are asked not to take photographs. (visit)9. Don’t be afraid. My ______are few and reasonable.(require)10. I hope I shall get a teaching ________at the new school. (appoint)1. rapidity2. socializing3. impression4. disbelieve5. pleasure6. impatient7. courteous8. visitors9. requirements 10. appointment4.1. The ___that he would soon be leaving home for the last time filled him with a confusing mixture of emotions. (realize)2. When he refused to talk, the soldiers _____to kill him. ( threat)3. All her friends were ____of her good fortune. (envy)4. Charles is a cold, ____person who will do anything to get to top. ( calculate)5. The mother was full of ___for the driver who killed her son. (hate)6. you must know that her has a very heavy _____now that his father is dead. (responsible)7. Fishing and mountain-climbing are his favourite ______. (relax)8. The city authorities complained that low flying aircraft were ______public safety. (danger)1.realization2. threatened3. envious4. calculating5. hatred6. responsibility7.relaxations8.endangering5.1. The policeman’s ______was to discover the murderer. (assign)2. John was known for his ___habit of sharing his money with his less fortunate friend.(generosity)3. Some people may have difficulty in using language _____. (create)4. Have you heard that there had been several ____near here lately? (rob)5. That’s the most ____thing I have ever heard in my life. ( ridicule)6. He is a good boy and gives most of his _____to his mother.( earn)7. She was shocked at the ___that he was a thief. (cover)8. It will be a great ___to know that he has reached home safely. ( satisfy)9. This ______exercise is a good test of your students’ competence. (challenge)10. we thought he would succeed, but the result was beyond my _____. ( expect)1. assignment2. generous3. creatively4. robberies5. ridiculous6. earnings7. discovery8. satisfaction9. challenging 10. expectation6.1. She turned red with ____when she realized that she had made a mistake in her answer again. (comfort)2. The city is beautiful beyond _____, and that’s why it attracts so many tourists every year. (describe)3. The ____of the new swimming pool is close to our school. ( locate)4. She is a very ____girl and always goes out alone. ( depend)5. After the examination, most students complained about the ____of the exam paper. (long)6. Thank you for the wonderful party you gave. I’v e ____every minute of it. ( joy)7. The general won a ___victory. (glory)8. Losing such a large amount of money in such a short time, he fell down to the ground, with a _____look on his face. (help)1. discomfort2. description3. location4. independent5. length6. enjoyed7. glorious8. helpless7.1. Peace-loving people all over the world want these _____weapons done away with. (die)2. _____has increased because trade is bad. ( employ )3. You must choose the career you find most _____in terms of pay, working conditions and job satisfaction. (attract)4. The senator’s ____that he had lied to congress shocked many Americans. (admit)5. There are poor people without homes, who sleep in the streets, and live in ____. (miserable)6. we could all help the environment by _____bottles and plastic bags. ( use )7. The old farmer was filled with _____ when he first saw the cars and buses running in the street. ( amaze)8. He was extremely conscious of the high _____value of his dramas. (art)1. deadly2. unemployment3. attractive4. admission5. misery6. reusing7. amazement8. artistic词形转换变成动词1. adj./n. +ize ------ v. …化computerize, modernize, realize, socialize, centralize, specialize, normalize, popularize, memorize, apologize, criticize, hospitalize,2. n./adj.+ en ------ v. 使...soften, shorten, widen, threaten, sharpen.3. en + n. ------v. 使成为...endanger, enjoy, enlarge, enrich, enable,4. n. /adj. +fy-------vt. 使…beautify, specify, simplify,变成名词--ment: movement, development, payment, retirement, excite, attach---ness: 抽象名词，状态，性质，程度：soft, hot, cold, ill, fit, weak, loneliness, bitter, stubbornness, helplessness, emptiness,---ship: 身份，地位membership, professorship, scholarship, friendshipv. n.(adj.) + y---n. 抽象名词：beauty, jealousy, mastery, enquiry, honesty, accuracy, difficulty, recovery, modesty, recoveryadj.+ ity----n. regular, solid, equal, stupid, responsible, electricity, cruelty, hospitalityv. + ation (tion) ---n. prepare, admiration, association, organization, repeat, compete, perfectionadj. +th. ---n. long, wide, strength, grow,--ce (cy)----n. patience, convenience, difference, confidence, independence, efficiency, infancy, democracy, bureaucracy, innocence, existence, secret(secrecy), private, bankrupt, intimate.--ful. mouthful, handful, houseful其它：relieve---- relief, appear---appearance, disappear—disappearance, king---kingdom, free---freedom, see--- sight, bravery, mockery, snobbery变成形容词--ing, excite, please, surprise--ed, excite, please, surprise--ful eventful, forget, joy, hope, success, dutiful--less, careless, mindless, helpless, limitless, selfishless, speechless, shameless----n. ness---able, imagine, cure, comparable, valuable, sensible,---(a)tive, creative, active, image, produce, sensitive, effective, informative, talkative, imitative,preventive---some, tiresome, troublesome, awesome, wearisome, lonesome, fearsome, quarrelsome, burdonsome --ary, moment---momentary, custom---customary, revolutionary其它：office-official, face – facial, please – pleasant否定前缀in: 相反的性质，对立equality, justice, curable, capable, ability, immortal, moral, perfect, regular, legal, competence, correct, formal, efficiency, proper, justice, religious, responsible, resistibly, relevant, rational, un: fortunate, approve, honest, happy, lucky, grateful, easydis: agree, approve, honest, appear,non: nonsense, non-existent, non-smoker, non-violence, non-verbal, non-standard, non-ironanti : anti-war, anti-trust, anti-cancer, anticlockwise, antiknock, antifreeze, anti-fascist,over—过于，overcrowded, oversleep, overwork, overjoy, overestimate, oversimplify, overburden, overreacted, oversimplify合成词直接合成adj. + n. ---n. short-term, sweetheart, gentlemen, newcomer, sweetheart, briefcaseadj. + n.---adj. 一般加连字符first-rate, first-hand, high-grade,n. + n. –n. notebook, sunglasses, newspaper, headline, thumbnail, gravestone, fireplacen. + adj. – adj. airtight, snow-white, self-confident, color-blind, seasick, blood-red, home-sick, coal-black, ice-cold, seasickv. + adv. ---n. feedback, sit-in, set-up, check-out, take-off, breakthrough, comeback有变化n. + 及物动词+er——复合名词best-seller, lie-detector, lady-killer, type-writer, tape-recorder, pain-killer, watch-maker, record-holder, tax-payer,n. +过分---adj. heartfelt, machine-made, self-educated, battery-powered, computer-designed, bloodshot, home-made, snow-covered, heart-broken, panic-stricken, ox-eyed, iron-willed, star-shaped, honey-mouthed, cream-colored, war-torn,n. + v.ing --- 名词air-conditioning, paper-correcting, horn-blowing, money-making, sight-seeing, house-keepingadj./adv./n. + v.ing ---形容词labor-saving, breath-taking, life-giving, hardworking, high-sounding, innocent-looking, far-reaching, ever-lasting, good-looking,adj./数+n.+ed.---adj. blue-eyed, good-mannered, bad-tempered, broad-minded, one-sided, double-faced, three-legged, medium-sized, cold-blooded, deep-rooted, double-faced,n. +n. +ed ---adj. cone-shaped, level-headed, web-footed, ox-eyed, star-shaped, iron-willed, cream-colored, honey-mouthedadj./adv. + 过去分词---adj. ill-natured, well-informed, so-called, well-kept, well-grounded, widespread, well-dressed, poorly-written, newborn, highly-praised1. Have they made any inquiries after me? (inquire)2. Many foreign words and phrases have enriched the English language. (rich)3. They were the most notable pioneers in translation. (note)4. There is an overhead fan in his room. (head)5. Some advertisements are misleading. (lead)6. She was paying a big price for her stupidity. (stupid)7. His performance in the sports meet was not good. (perform)8. He was wounded in the brutal war. (brute)9. They are busy with preparing for the evening gathering. (gather)10. The animals grew restlessly as if in anticipation of an earthquake. (rest)11. I think the tendency to give children many toys and clothes is quite common in American families. (tend)12. The children will feel unloved if they don’t have the same playthings their friends have. (love)13. It is unreasonable for children to ask their parents for too many things. (reason)14. You can judge his feeling from his facial expressions. (face)15. He left the house without my awareness. (aware)16. Hughie thought the model should have a percentage. (percent)17. Now he was unemployed and stayed at home. (employ)18. He was a man with great wealth. (wealthy)19. In the relationship with others, you will notice some annoying habits. (annoy)20. For some people, it may take several days to readjust, depending on the length of time they were away. (adjust)21. The plan was set up to give expert advice to first time housebuyers. (advise)22. Her first sight of the African landscape thrilled her enormously. (thrill)23. It was subsequently discovered that several errors had been made. (subsequent)24. Recovery of English gives him an advantage in getting a job. (recover)25. If you had been more careful, you wouldn’t have made so many mistakes. (care)26. The teacher handed out the answer sheets when all the students entered the examination room. (sheet)27. They have set aside the unfinished project for one year. (finish)28. The moment he got into the classroom he felt nervous. (nerve)29. Thanks to your kindness, the poor boy was saved. (kind)30. You had better consult a doctor. (good)31. The president devoted his energies to updating the curricula, making the education offered at Washington College as meaningful and usual as possible. (update)32. I know that a few weeks ago you held an exhibition on lifelong learning. (exhibit)33. Nowhere has the world seen such enthusiasm for learning as in our country. (enthuse)34. He apologized to me what he had said. (apology)35. Body language is a form of non-verbal communication. (verbal)36. His sudden illness kept him in Beijing for three months. (ill)37. Unlike her quiet sister, she is very talkative. (talk)38. If I were you, I wouldn’t put up with his behavior any longer. (behave)39. Increasing in the modern world, the maintenance of health and the care of the sick and disabled are looked upon as social concerns, not merely individual problems. (increase)40. All efforts to build a bridge over the wide and swift river ended in rain. (effort)41. Today more and more people are enthusiastic about body fitness. (fit)42. The temperature of the conductor affects its resistance to current. (resist)43. Mozart had the makings of a great musician. (music)44. Boys wear fashionable clothes to attract girls. In a similar way, some birds have bright feather. (fashion)45. It’s better not to interfere in the internal affairs of other countries in the case of diplom atic relations.(diplomat)46. Even a child knows the similarity of a cat to a tiger. (similarly)47. The king refused to comment upon the financial scandal. (finance)48. Once published, this interesting and instructive novel will be a great success. (instruct)49. This expression is thought of as being out of style today. We seldom use it. (express)50. It’s advisable to learn these good sentences by heart. (advise)51. What’s important is to keep up our present friendship and trip relationships. (r elation)52. I felt that film was most boring. (bore)53. There are various clothes to chosen in the store. I am really confused. (vary)54. I highly appreciate the writing style of Lu Xun. (high)55. This has greatly increased our international prestige. (internation)56. That we need more practice and confidence is quite obvious. (confident)57. I would never have noticed the fault if you had not pointed it out in difficult times. (faulty)58. Plastic and rubber won’t conduct electricity. ((electri c)59. The big department store employed 20 girls to stand at the gate and distribute advertising leaflets to the customers. (advertise)60. The jury will try a case of robbery with violence. (violent)61. The air conditioner is so often complained abou t that I am surprised it hasn’t been improved. (condition)62. The rapid development of our country stimulated the writers’ creative enthusiasm for writing. (create)63. The old lady needs comforting after her shock. (comfort)64. You have left out a possibility that she have got the wrong information. (possible)65. Plastic bags are useful for holding many kinds of food, by virtue of their clearness, toughness, and low cost. (tough)66. Many old women prefer colorful dress. They all expect to stay young. (color)67. It was not long before he regained his consciousness. (conscious)68. He is a comparative silent boy. But when he speaks, what he says always makes sense. (compare)69. He is qualified for the job. (qualify)70. He had been seriously ill for a long time, but his doctor managed to bring him through. (serious)71. The lucky passenger held right to the rail of the bus and didn’t fall down and hurt himself. (luck)72. My cousin is afraid that his future will be affected by his father’s fin al decision. (decide)73. Some scientists think that day dreaming can help you to shape your future. (dream)74. The project was doomed to failure because of the badly organizational work. (fail)75. Caps in hand, they filed slowly past the grave of their respectable leader at the cemetery. (respect)76. Jim’s health broke down from over work on the farm. (healthy)77. The president’s security men did their best to keep the crowd back from him, but in vain. (secure)78. Much to my relief, my lose friends survived the earthquake in Japan. (relieve)79. Since he always keeps silent no matter what I recommend, I can only interpret it as a refusal. (refuse)80. That is an objective description, which in fast, is not influenced by my subjective impression. (object)81. His funny gestures were greeted with roars of laughters. (fun)82. Their appreciation of performance was expressed in high cheers. (perform)83. Her qualification exceed the job requirements. (qualify)84. The more emotion the reading arouses, the deeper the impression on the learner. (impress)85. The measures taken by the government failed to reduce unemployment. (employment)86. The judge told the witness that his remarks were beside the point. (wit)87. Bill’ s father told him to b ear in mind that his allowance had to last all week. (allow)88. Design must keep pace with technological innovation. (technology)89. It is difficult to carry on a conversation on a crowded bus. (crowd)90. The sorrowful woman would return no more to the city where her only son had died from traffic accident. (sorrow)91. Your offer is very attractive but I need to think it over before I can let you know my decision. (attract)92. I find it very tiresome to be repeatedly interrupted by phone calls you really don’t want to answer. (tire)93. The computer is universally regarded as a revolutionary invention of 20th century. (revolution)94. Though he views himself as a realist, Cetron says that his findings make him very optimistic about future. (optimist)95. In such a changing and complex society, formerly simple solutions to informational needs become complicated. (complicate)96. The police had difficulty restraining the demonstrators from rushing into the Town Hall. (demonstrate)97. The key to the discovery of the mystery lies in the reliability of the information. (discover)98. The interviewees passed through an anxious hour, waiting for result. (interview)99. The classroom took on a holiday appearance after hard exam. (appear)100. We should adopt effective measure to preserve the eyesight of the adolescents. (effect)8.1. A _____person is one who likes to imagine things-especially things having to do with love or adventure. ( romance)2. Like many of his fellow poets he lived in _____throughout his life. (poor)3. She was a ____, money-grabbing woman who made her fortune from the misery and desperation of others. (heart)4. As civilized beings we have a duty to minimize the ____and suffering we inflict on animals. (cruel)5. If you tickle the baby’s tummy she shrieks with _____. (laugh)6. He thinks his car accident was bad luck, but it was caused by his own ___. ( stupid)7. Some people say children are a good ____against loneliness when one is old. ( invest)8. She looked nervous and ____because she realized that she made the mistake again. ( apology ) 9. They have been through a lot together in their fifty years of _____. ( marry)10. He was very ______ at cards; so far he has lost ten thousand yuan. ( luck)9.1. After one year’s tiring research, he was given ____ to have a two-week holiday. (permit)2. The little boy was ____ by what he saw. ( horror)3. When the author decided to get his suitcases checked by the Gestapo, he was actually ____his life. ( risky)4. Her _____ was so unexpected that everybody was at a loss as to what to do. (depart)5. The teacher gave a nod of ____ when one of the students asked to leave the room. ( approve)6. When he was told that he had passed the oral test, he felt a sense of _____. (relieve)7. The book has been _____ because it exposed the corruption of the government in power. ( suppression)8. The graduates’ performance at their graduation ceremony was very _____. (impress)9.The only bottle of water left made great difference to the _____ of all the sailors on the boat. ( survive)10. ______of airline bookings will incur charges. ( cancel)10.1.Translation involves _____ thinking. ( creation)2. The city government manages to inspire the citizens with its _____. ( fulfill)3. He is a reliable person who is always ____to his promise. ( faith)4. Thank you for your ____, but I’m afraid I’ll be engaged tomorrow. ( invite)5. She failed to come to work because of ____. (sick)6. _______is all you need to restore the city to aliveness. ( imagine)7. The hot-tempered football coach couldn’t help having an ____with the referee, which stopped the match from going on. ( argue)8. _____, their application for immigration has not been approved. ( fortunate)9. He felt ___for giving up his citizenship. ( loyalty)10. what shall we do with the ____of junk in the attic? ( accumulate)11.1. The blind man came into the room _____by a seeing-eye dog. (preceding)2. Jane expressed her ____ to go on further, for she felt exhausted. ( willing)3. Considering that the time is so limited, it is ____to go to Vienna by air. ( desire)4. The manager could hardly do without the ____of a secretary. ( assist)5. It’s an elective course, so _____at my lectures is not compulsory. ( attend)6. The students are likely tell their problems to those ____teachers. ( sympathize)7. The millionaire gave his wife a ____ yacht as birthday present. ( luxury)8. Why don’t you lodge a _____ against the terrible food served in the student canteen. ( co mplain)12.1. The author of TV series may be quite _____. ( imagine)2. Because Bob had stopped reading his technical journals, he was____ of new development in his field. ( ignorance)3. Someone must have ____with the lock because now the key won’t open it. ( interference)4. I don’t understand why those young people are so ____about rock and roll. ( enthusiasm)5. He confessed his crime but only under ____ of torture. ( threaten)6. The weather _____ greatly from morning till night in that are. ( variable)7. Down in Pompeii, four miles from Mount Vesuvius, a tremendous _____ was heard. (explode)8. Usually, people’s eyes and ears take in all sights and sounds hazily, without concentration, and with little _____. ( appreciative)13.1. He was a ____son and drove to the suburbs every day to visit his mother. ( devotion)2. The ____ cycle of life and death is a subject of interest to scientists since ancient times.( eternity)3. The saying “ more ____, less speed” means one makes more real prog ress if one does not do things too quickly. ( hastily)4. It’s ____what the scientists can do with genetic engineering these days. ( marvel)5. Why are you being so slack? Can’t you see it’s a matter of great ____. ( urgent)6. You are very ____if you e xpect me to finish the work in three days. It’s impossible. ( reason)7. One of the characteristics of a well-organized composition is its _____. ( incoherently)8. The warm and sincere greeting from Peter the next morning was _____. ( reassuringly)9. They are _____the dance in the hall. ( rehearsal)10. Make _____you take your handbag with you wherever you go. ( sureness)14.1. Shelley’s husband was caught smuggling _____drug. (legally)2. They claim to be a democratic nation, but their political system is utterly a _____of democracy. ( mock)3. The teacher explained that the _____of several adjectives from his article was necessary. ( exclude)4. The panic-stricken people rushed up one street and down the next, ____by the darkness and smoke. ( blindly)5. The teacher are discussing the ____of a new test system for the fourth year students. ( adopt)6. In carrying out a successful lesson, a teacher needs the students’ ____. ( cooperative)7. Stop doing that right now. there is a limit to my ______. ( patiently)8. Undaunted by dangers and difficulties, the soldiers were _____. ( resolution)9. As the curtain rises, the music _____out. ( faded)10. His ______with so many foreign languages impressed us all. ( unfamiliar)15. 1. Our government is bent on uncovering and punishing the _____practices among high-rank officials in the party. ( corruption)2. He will not benefit ____from the deal. ( finance)3. Part-time barman required. Hours and salary _____. ( negotiation)4. The new play could ____appeal to a wide audience. ( potential)5. They attempted to ____the customs officer with an expensive watch to let their goods go. ( bribery)6. Nothing spoils friendship so much as an ____of a friend’s merits. ( exaggerate)7. The weather being ____, they put off their spring outing. (favor)8. The actress ____the terms of her contract and was sued by the producer. ( violation)16.1.Many companies have been put out of business since the great economic _____. ( depressed)2. In today’s lecture, we are going to discuss these two questions _____. ( respective)3. These kinds of flowers grow _____in that area. ( abundant)4. The living room is beautifully and ____decorated with flowers. (taste)5. Randy Brook is a young actor in Hollywood who has not yet risen to ____. ( prominent)6. Genetics is still in its______ parts of the world. ( infant)7. A true ___ allows free speech. ( democratic)8. This new model is definitely _____to the old one. ( superiority)9. He doesn’t realize that his ____remarks often hurt people’s f eelings. ( sarcasm)10. With ____the boss expressed his gratefulness to the guests. ( humble)17.1.The _____of the manuscript is beyond doubt. (authentic)2.The ______of a passport is essential for foreign travel. ( possessive)3.Her investment had disastrous _____: she lost everything she owned. ( consequently)4.She _____that she was not at home when we rang the bell. ( pretense)5.We’ve run out of petrol. What a _____. (boredom)6.The new report has far-reaching ______for the future of broadcasting. (imply)7.Please leave us alone. We have something _____to discuss. (personality)8.There is a ______between the government and the union. (confront)9.When Mr. and Mrs. Dell asked their son what he wanted to do, young Michael said, “to _____with IBM. ( competition)10.All skills require constant _______to become second nature. Good manners are no exception. (repeat)18.1. We’ve _____with each other for years but I’ve never seen him. (correspondence)2. It is often useful to make a _____ between two things. (comparatively)3. Her latest album is a ______of all her wonderful memories. (compile)4. I object to your unpleasant ______.(insinuate)5. His dog is very ______.(obedience)6. The cottages _______ well with the landscape.(harmony)7. Are you _____with your present salary? (content)8. That company is the country’s largest ______of tabacco. (import)9. This is an island ____only by birds. ( inhabitant)10. The weather ______greatly from morning till night in that area. (varied)191. He is a man of subtle and refined ____________(sensible)2. Lavender has a delicate __________. (fragrant)3. His work suffered because of his total _________in sport. (absorb)4. Your dress is absolutely _________.(adore)5. We have _______proof of his guilt. (abundance)6. They _______me by asking so many questions. (confusion)7. He faced strong ______ in carrying through this policy.(oppose)8. It was ______of you to send me a birthday card. (consider)9. I was so ______ in this piece of m usic that I didn’t hear you. (absorb)10. She is politically _____. (ambition)8. romantic 2. poverty 3.heartless 4. cruelty 5. laughter 6. stupidity 7. investment 8. apologetic 9. marriage 10. unlucky9. permission 2. horrified 3. risking 4.departure 5. approval 6. relief 7. suppressed 8. impressive 9. survival10. cancellation10. creative 2. fulfillment 3. faithful 4. invitation 5. sickness 6. imagination 7. argument 8. unfortunately 9. disloyal 10. accumulation10. preceded 2. unwillingness 3. desirable 4. assistance 5. attendance 6. sympathetic 7. luxurious 8. complaint12. imaginative 2. ignorant 3. interfered 4. enthusiastic 5. threat 6. varies 7. explosion 8. appreciation13. devoted 2. eternal 3. haste 4. marvelous 5. urgency 6.unreasonable 7. coherence 8. reassuring 9. rehearsing 10. sure14. illegal 2. mockery 3. exclusion 4. blinded 5. adoption 6. cooperation 7. patience 8. resolute 9. fades 10.。