英语会话的语篇分析浅谈

英语会话的语篇分析浅谈
英语会话的语篇分析浅谈

英语会话的语篇分析浅谈

[摘要]语篇分析是一门蓬勃发展的年轻学科,正逐渐成为当今语言学研究的主流,应用话语分析理论研究英语会话,可以了解人们怎样用语言来交际,分析会话中的话轮替换结构、会话中的毗邻应对,会话的主题、会话的开始语和结束语及会话中的修正问题对英语教学大有裨益。

[关键词]语篇分析话轮替换毗邻应对修正

现代语言学家认为每一种语言都是一种关系系统,确切地说是相互关系的系统总和,他们开始认识到对语言的研究不应局限在句子层面,不应只研究人为产生的句子,而应超越句子的范围,研究句子在语篇中的作用,研究用于实际交流的语言。因此便产生许多语言分支,其中之一是语篇分析,其目的在于探讨人们怎样运用真实的语言。会话是口头语言的最常见形式,对其进行系统的研究将为我们提供一些有益的启示。

一、会话中的话轮替换结构

话轮替换是指发话者和受话者不断交换所扮演的角色,即发话者变为受话者,受话者变为发话者。会话中的会话者有一条潜在的自然遵守的规则;每次至少有一方,但又不多于一方在说话,如有多人或无人发话,便会有人来挽救局面。正在讲话的人可运用多种方法来选择下一位说话人,他可以通过提问、请求等方式来选定下一个讲话人,由他人自己做出选择,也可以用一些非语言方法,如面部表情、声速、音高、手势等可以用来暗示下一个发言人,受话人一般有能力识别这些方法,并适当的接续上自己的应答。这些技巧都可用于教学中。在课堂上,教师可通过点名、提问、诱导式的话语来鼓励学生接受话轮。学生接受话轮的意向也是进行教学评估的一种好方法。

接受话轮的快慢、意愿可表明学生对课堂知识的掌握情况及对所讲内容的感兴趣程度。在学生回答完全之后,教师应马上“捡起”话轮,回应一些表扬、赞美的话。这样将有助于增强学生的自信,促使他们和老师配合,积极地发言。传统的课堂模式也应进行改革,打破原先老师统领课堂学生按序接受话轮的局面,更多增加了学生的自由讨论。总之,对课堂的话轮体系规定限制越少,就越容易产生自然的话轮替换。

职场英语口语100句经典

职场英语口语100句经典 1 Do I have to make a reconfirmation? 我还要再确认吗? 2 Is there any earlier one?还有更早一点的吗? 3 Could you tell me my reservation1 number,please?请你告诉我我的预订号码好吗? 4 Can I get a seat for todays 7:00 a.m. train? 我可以买到今天上午7点的火车座位吗? 5 Could you change my flight date from London to Tokyo? 请你更改一下从伦敦到东京的班机日期好吗? 6 Is there any discount for the USA Railpass? 火车通行证有折扣吗? 7 May I reconfirm my flight? 我可以确认我的班机吗? 8 Are they all non-reserved seats? 他们全部不预订的吗? 9 Do I have to reserve a seat? 我一定要预订座位吗? 10 May I see a timetable?我可以看时刻表吗? 11 How long will I have to wait? 我要等多久呢? 12 Which would you prefer, a smoking seat or a non-smoking seat? 你喜欢哪种,吸烟座还是禁烟座呢? 13 Do you have any other flights? 14 When would you like to leave?

英语口语经典1000句

What are you trying to say?(你到底想说什么?) Don't be silly.(别胡闹了。) How strong are your glasses?(你近视多少度?) Just because.(没有别的原因。) It isn't the way I hoped it would be.(这不是我所盼望的。) You will never guess.(你永远猜不到。) No one could do anything about it.(众人对此束手无措。) I saw something deeply disturbing.(深感事情不妙。) Money is a good servant but a bad master.(要做金钱的主人,莫做金钱的奴隶。) I am not available.(我正忙着) Wisdom in the mind is better than money in the hand.(脑中的知识比手中的金钱更重要)Never say die.it's a piece of cake.别泄气,那只是小菜一碟。 Don't worry.you'll get use to it soon.别担心,很快你就会习惯的。 I konw how you feel.我明白你的感受。 You win some.you lose some.胜败乃兵家常事。 Don't bury your head in the sand.不要逃避现实。 I didn't expect you to such a good job.我没想到你干得这么好。 You are coming alone well.你做得挺顺利。 She is well-build.她的身材真棒。 You look neat and fresh.你看起来很清纯。 You have a beautiful personality.你的气质很好。 You flatter me immensely.你过奖啦。 You should be slow to judge others.你不应该随意评论别人。 I hope you will excuse me if i make any mistake.如有任何错误,请你原谅 It was most careless ofme.我太粗心了。 It was quite by accident.真是始料不及。 I wish i had all the time i'd ever wasted,so i could waste it all over again.我希望所有被我浪费的时间重新回来,让我再浪费一遍。 I like you the way you were.我喜欢你以前的样子。 You two go ahead to the movie without me,i don't want to be a third wheel.你们两个自己去看电影吧,我不想当电灯泡。 Do you have anyone in mind?你有心上人吗? How long have you known her?你认识她多久了? It was love at frist sight.一见钟情 I'd bettle hit the books.我要复习功课啦。 a piece of one's mind .直言不讳 He gave me a piece of mind,"Don't shift responsibility onto others."他责备道:“不要把责任推卸到别人身上。” a cat and dog life水火不容的生活 The husband and his wife are always quarrelling,and they are leading a cat and dog life.这对夫妇老是吵架,相互之间水火不容。 a dog's life潦倒的生活 The man lived a dog's life.这个人生活潦倒。 A to Z从头至尾

英语口语常用语句集锦(汇编)

英语口语常用语句集锦 Enough talk! 少废话! Let's fight! 动手吧! We should hang out. 我们该一起出去玩。 Agreed! 同意! There's only one thing that matters. 只有一件事情是重要的! Get up! 起床! You'll be late for work. 你上班要迟到啦! What? 什么? What are you doing up there? 你在那上面干什么呢? Nothing! 没事! Let's go! 我们走吧。 Coming! 我来了! Careful! 小心点! Happy day! 真是个好日子! You don't know how long I've been waiting for this moment. 你不知道我等这一刻已经等了多久了。 This is a sign. 这是个预兆。 You will fulfill your destiny. 你将承担你的使命。 That was just a dream. 那只是个梦而已。 So why didn't you? 那你为什么没有呢?

We all have our place in this world. 在这世界上,我们每个人都有自己的归属。 Well done! 干得不错! If you were trying to disappoint me. 如果你们想让我失望。 He wants to see you. 他想见你。 Is something wrong? 有什么问题? Why must something be wrong for me to want to see my old friend?为什么必须得出事了我才会想见见老朋友? I didn't say that. 我可没这么说。 You were saying? 你想说? I've had a vision. 我有个预感。 That is impossible! 那是不可能的! Nothing is impossible. 没有什么是不可能的。 We have to do someting. 我们必须做点什么。 The answer becomes clear. 答案变得清晰起来。 It is time. 是时候了。 I don't know. 我不知道。 Where are you going? 你要去哪儿? I was kind of thinking maybe I... 我其实想也许我... Almost there. 就快到了。 Open the door! 开门啊! Let me in! 让我进去!

咖啡厅常用英语口语情景对话

Hao: Good morning madam. What can I get you? Hao: 早上好,您要点什么? Jenny: I’d like a coffee please. Jenny: 我要一杯咖啡。 Hao: Certainly madam, what kind of coffee would you like? Hao: 您要哪一种? Jenny: What have you got? Jenny: 你们都有什么? Hao: Well we have espresso, cappuccino, latte, skinny latte or americano. Hao: 我们有义式浓缩咖啡,花式咖啡,拿铁咖啡,脱脂拿铁咖啡或美式咖啡。 Jenny: Goodness me! What a choice! I think I’ll have a cappuccino please Jenny: 这么多种类! 请给我一杯花式咖啡吧。 Hao: Here you are. You’ll find the sugar just over there. Hao: 给您,砂糖就在那边。 Ling: Would you like something to drink? Ling: 你想喝点什么? Jenny: Yes please. Do you have any teas? Jenny: 好的,你们有茶吗? Ling: Of course we have lots of teas? Ling: 当然,我们有很多。 Jenny: What do you recommend? Jenny: 你给推荐一种吧? Ling: What about a green tea or perhaps a jasmine tea? Ling: 你看绿茶或茉莉花茶,怎么样? Jenny: What’s this one? Jenny: 这是什么? Ling: That’s Oolong tea – it’s a Cantonese tea. Ling: 这是乌龙茶-是一种广东茶。 Jenny: Ok, I’ll try that. Jenny: 好吧,我想试试。 What can I get you? 你要点什么? What have you got? 你们有什么? What do you recommend? 你给推荐一下好吗? I’ll try that. 我来试试那个。

英语口语经典100句

100个经典英文句子 Any day will do?哪一天都可以? Any messages for me?有我的留言吗? Are you by yourself?你一个人来吗? All right with you?你没有问题吧? Are you free tomorrow?明天有空吗? Are you kidding me?你在跟我开玩笑吧? As soon as possible!尽可能快! Back in a moment!马上回来! Believe it or not!信不信由你! Better luck next time!下次会更好! Boy will be boys本性难移! Come to the point!有话直说! Do you accept plastic?收不收行用卡? Does it keep long?可以保存吗? Don't be so fussy!别挑剔了! Don't count to me!别指望我! Don't fall for it!不要上当! Don't get me wrong!你搞错了! Don't give me that!少来这套! Don't let me down!别让我失望! Don't lose your head!别乐昏了头!

Don't over do it!别做过头了! Don't sit there daydreaming!别闲着做白日梦!Don't stand on ceremony!别太拘束! Drop me a line!要写信给我! Easy come easy go!来得容易去得也快! First come first served!先到先得! Get a move on!快点吧! Get off my back!不要嘲笑我! Give him the works!给他点教训! Give me a break!饶了我吧! Give me a hand!帮我一个忙! Great minds think alike!英雄所见略同! I'll treat you to lunch.午餐我请你! In one ear,out the other ear.一耳进,一耳出!I'm spaced-out!我开小差了! I beg your pardon!请你再说一遍! I can't afford that!我付不起! I can't follow you!我不懂你说的! I can't help it!我情不自禁! I couldn't reach him!我联络不上他! I cross my heart!我发誓是真的! I don't mean it!我不是故意的!

经典英语口语500句

1. I see.我明白了。 2. I quit! 我不干了! 3. Let go! 放手! 4. Me too.我也是。 5. My god! 天哪! 6. No way! 不行! 7. Come on.来吧(赶快) 8. Hold on.等一等。 9. I agree。我同意。 10. Not bad.还不错。 11. Not yet.还没。 12. See you.再见。 13. Shut up! 闭嘴! 14. So long.再见。 15. Why not? 好呀! (为什么不呢?) 16. Allow me.让我来。 17. Be quiet! 安静点! 18. Cheer up! 振作起来! 19. Good job! 做得好! 20. Have fun! 玩得开心! 21. How much? 多少钱? 22. I'm full.我饱了。 23. I'm home.我回来了。 24. I'm lost.我迷路了。 25. My treat.我请客。 26. So do I.我也一样。 27. This way。这边请。 28. After you.您先。 29. Bless you! 祝福你! 30. Follow me.跟我来。 31. Forget it! 休想! (算了!) 32. Good luck! 祝好运! 33. I decline! 我拒绝! 34. I promise.我保证。 35. Of course! 当然了! 36. Slow down! 慢点! 37. Take care! 保重! 38. They hurt.(伤口)疼。 39. Try again.再试试。 40. Watch out! 当心。 41. What's up? 有什么事吗? 42. Be careful! 注意! 43. Bottoms up! 干杯(见底)! 44. Don't move! 不许动!

英语口语常用短语

美国最地道最高频的300习惯用语 1. Have a nice day. 祝你今天愉快 2. So far, so good. 目前为止一切都好 3. Take it or leave it. 要就要,不要就拉倒 4. Keep it up! 继续努力,继续加油 5. Good for you. 好啊!做得好! 6. Time flies!时光如梭 7. Time is money. 时间就是金钱 8. That's life. 这就是人生 9. Now you're talking. 这才对嘛 10. have butterflies in one's stomach 紧张 11. You asked for it. 你自找的 12. read between the lines 字里行间的言外之意 13. The rest is history. 众所皆知 14. A little bird told me. 我听说的 15. It never rains but it pours. 祸不单行 16. Mind your own business. 不关你的事儿 17. Hang in there. 坚持下去 18. could be worse 可能更糟 19. Money talks. 金钱万能 20. count me out 不要算我 21. Over my dead body! 想都别想(除非我死了) 22. go fifty-fifty on sth. 平分 23. Y ou can say that again! You said it! 你说的没错;你说对了 24. Look who's talking! 看看你自己吧! 25. It's Greek to me. 这我完全不懂 26. take my word for it 相信我的话 27. not one's cup of tea 不感兴趣;不合胃口 28. Get real ! 别闹了;别开玩笑了 29. head over heels 深陷;完全地 30. Suit yourself. 随你高兴 31. What's the catch? 有什么意图? 32. let the cat out of bag 泄漏秘密 33. sth. is touch and go 危险的情况;惊险的;一触即发的 34. beat a dead horse 白费劲 35. The sky's the limit. 没有限制 36. once in a blue moon 千载难逢;难得一次 37. Be prepared. 准备好 38. It's easier said than done. 说的比做的简单 39. have second thoughts 考虑一下;犹豫 40. behind someone's back 在某人背后;背着某人 41. Better luck next time. 下次运气更好 42. come in handy 派得上用场

英语口语情景对话(有用的英语场景对话)

英语口语情景对话 一、祝愿、祝贺和应答(Good wishes, congratulations and responses) 1.- Well done and congratulations to you. - Thanks very much. 2.- I hope you‘ll succeed in everything. - So do I. 3.- I wish you success. - Thank you. 4.- We send you our best wishes. - Thank you very much. 5.- Happy new year ! - Happy new year! (The same to you.) 6.- A merry Christmas to you. - Thank you. 7.- I hope you‘ll have a good time. - Thank you. 8.- Happy birthday! - Thank you. 二、邀请和应答(Invitations and responses) 1.- Would you like to come to the party? - Oh yes, thank you. 2.- I hope you can come to the dance next Saturday. - I‘m sorry, but I can‘t. 3.- Will you go dancing with us? - Of course. I‘ll be glad to. 4.- Will you come to our English Evening? - Yes, thank you. 5.- Would you please give us a talk on English Learning? - OK. When? 6.- You and your friends must come over to my house and see mooncakes. - OK. Thank you very much. 三、表示同意和不同意(Expressing agreement and disagreement) 1.- I think the shop is closed at this time of day. - No, I think it‘s open. 2.- I think foreign languages are more interesting than science. - I really can‘t agree with you. I prefer science. 3.- I think I shall read a book instead. - Good idea. That‘s much better than watching a bad TV Programme. 4.- I don‘t think that it‘s true. He‘s always telling strange stories. - I know. But this time I can‘t decide if he is right or not.

100句最常用英语口语

Talking about objects and people 谈论物品和人 151. What do you want, sir? → 先生,您要点什么? 152. I want a cup of tea. → 我要一杯茶。 153. What would you like to eat? → 你想要吃什么? 154. Please give me a hamburger. → 请给我一个汉堡包。 155. What color do you like, blue or white? → 你喜欢哪种颜色,蓝色还是白色?156. I prefer white. → 我偏爱白色。 157. I'd like to talk with Mrs. Smith. → 我想和史密斯太太谈谈。 158. I am sorry, but she is not in right now. → 很抱歉,她现在不在家里。159. Would you like a glass of milk? → 你想要一杯牛奶吗? 160. I'd like to have some coffee, if you don't mind. → 如果你不介意的话,我情愿喝点咖啡。161. Do you know any of those people? → 在那些人当中你有认识的吗? 162. Two or three of them look familiar. → 他们当中有两三个看上去面熟。 163. No, I don't know any of them. → 不,他们当中我一个也不认识。 164. Which one is Mr. Brown? → 哪一位是布朗先生? 165. The tall man in black. → 穿黑衣服的那个高个子。 Talking about languages 谈论语言 166. Do you speak English? → 你会说英语吗?167. Yes, but just a little. → 是的,但只会一点点。174. How well do you know Russia? → 你的俄语程度如何? 175. She speaks Italian with a French accent. → 她讲意大利语带有法国口音。

常用英语口语1000句最全最完整

常用英语口语1000 句 1 .how are you doing? (你好吗?) 2 .i'm doing great. (我过得很好。) 3 .what 's up?(出什么事了/ 你在忙些什么/ 怎么了?) 4 .nothing special. (没什么特别的。) 5 .hi. long time no see. (嗨,好久不见了。)6.so far so good. (到目前为止,一切都好。) 7 .things couldn 't be better. (一切顺利。)8 .how about yourself? (你自己呢?) 9 .today is a great day. (今天是个好日子。)10 .are you making progress? (有进展吗?) 11 .may i have your name, please? (请问尊姓大名?)12 .i' ve heard so much about you. (久仰大名。) 13 .i hope you ' re enjoying your staying here. (希望你在这里过得愉快。)14.let's get together again. (改天再聚聚。)15.that 's a great idea! (好主意!)16.please say hello to your mother for me. (请代我向你母亲问好。) 17.i'm glad to have met you. (很高兴遇到你。)18.don ' t forget us. (别忘了我们。)

19. keep in touch. (保持联系。) 20. i had a wonderful time here. (我在这里度过了难忘的时光。) 21. have a nice weekend. (周末愉快。) 22. same to you. (彼此彼此。) 23 . nice talking to you. (很高兴与你聊天。 ) 24 . take care of yourself. (自己当心 / 照顾好你自己。) 25 . thank you for everything. (谢谢你的多方关照 / 你为我所做的 一切。) 26 . thank you all for coming. (谢谢光临。) 27 . i appreciate your help. (我感谢你的帮助。) 28 . you 're always welcome. (别客气 / 不用谢) 29 . forget it. (算了吧) 30 . it was my pleasure. (不用谢。) 你了。) 37 . what do you do? (你做什么工作?) 38 . how do you like your new job? (你觉得你的新工作怎样?) 39 . i like it a lot. (我很喜欢。) 40 . i like reading and listening to music. (我喜欢阅读和欣赏音 31 . i made a mistake. sorry. (实在抱歉。) 33 . i must apologize! 感觉糟透了。) 35 . 我弄错了。) (我必须道歉!) it ' s not your fault. 36 . sorry to bother /have bothered you. 32 . i 'm terribly 34. i feel terrible. (我 (那不是你的错。) (抱歉,打扰一下 / 打扰

日常生活常用英语口语

英语口语句子——拒绝 1. Stop complaining! 别发牢骚! 2. You make me sick! 你真让我恶心! 3. What’s wrong with you? 你怎么回事? 4. You shouldn’t have done that! 你真不 应该那样做! 5. You’re a jerk! 你是个废物/混球! 6. Don’t talk to me like that! 别那样和我说话! 7. Who do you think you are? 你以为你是谁? 8. What’s your problem? 你怎么回事啊? 9. I hate you! 我讨厌你! 10. I don’t want to see your face!我不愿再见到你!11. You’re crazy! 你疯了! 12. Are you insane/crazy/out of your mind? 你疯了吗?(美国人绝对常用!) 13. Don’t bother me. 别烦我。 14. Knock it off. 少来这一套。 15. Get out of my face. 从我面前消失! 16. Leave me alone. 走开。 17. Get lost.滚开! 18. Take a hike! 哪儿凉快哪儿歇着去吧。 19. You piss me off. 你气死我了。 20. It’s none of your business. 关你屁事! 21. What’s the meaning of this? 这是什么意思? 22. How dare you! 你敢! 23. Cut it out. 省省吧。 24. You stupid jerk! 你这蠢猪! 25. You have a lot of nerve. 脸皮真厚。 26. I’m fed up. 我厌倦了。 27. I can’t take it anymore. 我受不了了! 英语口语句子——赞美 1. you look great today.(你今天看上去很棒。)【每天都可以用!】

最全大学英语口语情景对话

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经典英语口语100句 【A】 A fool never learns. 傻瓜永远学不会。 A little bird told me. 我听说的 Are you out of your mind? 你疯了吗? Are you pulling my leg? 你在开我玩笑吗? As far as I'm concerned. 就我而言。 【B】 Be my guest. 请便、别客气。 【D】 Don't beat around the bush. 别拐弯抹角了。 Don't bury your head in the sand.不要逃避现实。 Don't get me wrong. 不要误会我。 Don't get on my nerves! 不要搅得我心烦。 Don't look wise. 别自作聪明! Don't underestimate me.

别小看我。 Do you have any openings? 你们有空缺吗? Drop me a line. 写封信给我。 【E】 Every dog has his day. 凡人皆有得意时。 Excuse me for a moment. 失陪一会儿。 【F】 Far from it. 一点也不。 For the time being. 暂时;暂且;目前 【G】 Good for you. 好啊!做得好! 【H】 Have a nice day. 祝你今天愉快 Have butterflies in one's stomach 紧张 He's been everywhere. 他到处都去过了。 He hit the ceiling at the news. 他听到那消息暴跳如雷/大发雷霆。His argument doesn't hold water.他的论点站不住脚。

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英语口语中常用的100个话题(英语狂人小四出品) 1、talking about myself 2、my family 3、my father 4、My mother 5、My grandfather 6、My grandmother 7、My uncle 8、My aunt 9、my teacher 10、my English teacher 11、my foreign teacher 12、my best friend 13、my foreign friend 14、my favorite star

15、my school 16、my hometown 17、my summer and winter holiday 18、my motherland 19、the spring festival 20、on middle autumn day 21、Christmas day 22、Teachers’ day 23、Chinese festival and western festival 24、how to lose weight 25、compute in our life 26、on the internet 27、my favorite sports 28、my favorite sports star 29、smoking and health

30、how to keep healthy 31、women in china 32、pollution 33、my favorite country 34、my favorite Chinese city 35、my favorite foreign city 36、my favorite pet 37、my favorite leader in china 38、my favorite leader in the world 39、my favorite book 40、my favorite writer 41、my favorite movie 42、my favorite movie star 43、my favorite movie director 44、my favorite Chinese song

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