牛津高中英语模块七
牛津版高中英语模块7课本及翻译
牛津版高中英语模块7课本及翻译UnitlTV and audio devices: a reviewEarly history of TVThe first public showings of wireless TV transmissions were made in 1925in the USA and in 1926 in Britain. Later, in 1928,the first long-distance TV broadcast was made between the UK and the USA. Regular public broadcasting followed shortly after, first beginning on 11 May 1928 in New York and in London on 20 August 1929. Many different people contributed to the development of TV. Because of this, it is still uncertain who invented TV. Altogether, three men could be responsible.Vladimir Zworykin, a Russian living in the USA, Philo Farnsworth, a farm boy from Utah in the USA, and John Logie Baird from Scotland all invented early forms of TV between 1923 and 1927.A few years later, color TV was first shown in 1929. It took more than two decades, though, until 1951, for colour broadcasts to begin in the USA. By 1967, most broadcasts were in color and within five years, more colour thanblack-and-white TV sets were being used.The modern age: cable TV, satellite TV, digital TV,...Cable TV began in 1948 in the USA, but it took 50 years before 66 percent of American households had it. Satellites were used to broadcast TV beginning in 1962.Some consider digital TV to be superior to satellite TV because it allows the same services to be delivered with clearer pictures than before. International standards for digital TV were established in 1989 and within five years, consumers in the USA had access to 200 channels. By 2004, digital TV signals were being received by 55 per cent of households in Britain.In 1996, a completely new concept was introduced when the first Web TV set-top boxes came onto the market. This combines the TV set with the World Wide Web. With interactive TV programming, you can play along with game shows, respond to questionnaires and chat to other viewers.Early history of audio devicesIt all began in 1877 when Thomas Edison made the first recording of a human voice. Ten years later, the first record player was developed. It wasinvented by Emile Berliner, a German living in the USA. At that time, the record player had to be wound up by hand and only played a record for two minutes. In 1958, the first LPs (long-play records) came onto the market.Tape recorders and players1931 was the year when a German company began to make the first tape recorders, which could record and play sounds on a tape wound around a round object. In 1948, three American scientists invented the transistor, which is a small electronic device to control an electric current, but they only developed it for military use. Two young Japanese engineers had a better idea. They bought the patent and applied the technology to create the transistor radio. In 1954, the invention of the transistor led to the development of cassette recorders. Then, in 1979, the Walkman, a portable pocket-sized cassette tape player, was introduced and became so popular that Walkman was added to the Oxford English Dictionary in 1986.Sound goes digitalIn 1982, the first CDs (compact discs) produced by using digital technology were made available. In 1986, when the D-50, a portable CD player,was launched, the Discman was born. In the following years, more CD recordings became available, and in 1988, for the first time ever, people were demanding more CDs than LPs.The next new development was the MD (MiniDisc) player in1992. This islike a mini CD player but can also record music and is very easy to carry, being very small, as the name 'mini1 indicates.Development of MP3 technology started in 1987 in Germany and since the beginning of 1999, the popularity of MP3has increased to such a degree that major corporations are taking over the portable music player market with MP3 players. They are the next step on from the Walkman, Discman and MD player. Because of the popularity ofMP3 players, music websites have sprung up all over the Internet offering MP3 music for people to purchase.1.Who might be the inventor(s) of the first TV?A. Vladimir Zworykin from Russia.B. Philo Farnsworth from the USA.C. John Logie Baird from Scotland.D. All the three above.2.The passage mentions country/countries whichhas/have put digital TV into operation by 2004. A. only one B. two C. three D. at least four3.Who might have attributed to the development of the Walkman?A. Two Japanese engineers.B. Three American scientists.C. Thomas Edison.D. Emile Berliner.4.What is the main factor that causes the spring up of music websites all over the Internet?A. The popularity of Walkman.B. The development of the MD player.C. The development of MP3 technology.D. The wide use of Discman.5.Which of the following best shows the structure of the passage?A. B. c.T T/ & ①②盲④⑤,(T=title 1=subtitle 1 2=subtitle2 3=subtitle 3 4=subtitle 4 5=subtitle 5)Unit 2Two Life-saving medicinesThis article will focus on two medicines that have changed people's lives. If you open up any medicine cupboard in the world, there is a high probability that you will find aspirin and penicillin. Both of these medicines have saved millions of people's lives since they were invented.ASPIRINThe date that aspirin was invented is given by medical historians as1897,but in fact, 3,500years ago, some recipes recommended drinking a tea made from the dried leaves of a particular plant to reduce body pains. About2,500years ago, the Greek physician Hippocrates, father of all doctors, made a juice from the bark of a kind of tree to reduce fever and pain. The active chemical in this juice (salicylic acid) helped stop the pain. It was in 1897 that a European chemist called Dr Felix Hoffmann produced acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) from some other chemicals to make a medicine for his father. The first trials of this medicine took place in 1899 when the company Hoffmann worked for began giving the medicine in powder form to physicians to use with patients. A year later, in 1900, aspirin was sold in shops as a tablet containing500milligrams of ASA. This is one of the first medicines in the world ever to be sold as a standardized tablet. In1950, aspirin appeared in the Guinness Book of Records as the best-selling painkiller.Not only has aspirin saved many people's lives by reducing fever and helping stop pain, but there are also other things that aspirin can help with. Lawrence craven, a doctor from the USA, is the author of several published reports, one of which introduced the idea in 1953 that aspirin could reduce the risk of heartattacks by thinning blood. The report was ignored. However, in 1971,Smith and Willis from the UK proved that aspirin was a blood-thinning medicine, and in 1977, a study carried out in the USA showed that the chemical ASA in aspirin could prevent a stroke, which is a type of serious illness when blood vessels in the brain burst suddenly or are blocked. Eleven years later, Dr Thun from the USA showed that ASA could reduce the risk of colon cancer by 40 per cent. In 1999, aspirin was 100 years old and yet there have been more discoveries on how it can help increase the length of people's lives. In 2003, a Chinese doctor, Dr Yuan Minsheng, found that ASA could reduce blood sugar levels and, therefore, help people with diabetes.PENICILLINAnother drug that has helped increase the standard of people's health is penicillin. This bacteria-killing medicine is considered by many to be one of the most important medicines in contemporary society. It was discovered by a Scottish scientist named Alexander Fleming in 1928. He noted that mould had grown on a special transparent jelly that had bacteria on it. He saw that the mould had killed them. Fleming tried this mould out on another bacterium and found that it killed the bacterium too. He immediately thought that this application might help in treating wounds and 川nesses caused by bacteria. Henamed the chemical found in the mould 'penicillin' and tried to make it pure to be a medicine, but was unable to do that. Fleming did not give up. However, it was not until World War II that two other scientists, Howard Florey (Australian) and Ernst Chain (German born English) managed to use new chemical techniques to purify it. They were able to produce it in large quantities. Their new drug was needed immediately because of the war, so mass production started quickly. Due to the widespread use of penicillin, many lives were saved during World War II. It was a dream come true. If penicillin had not been available, many people would have died from bacterial illnesses or even minor wounds. Penicillin is also used to treat other illnesses including pneumonia, an illness that affects the lungs. So, although Fleming discovered penicillin, it was over a decade before someone else turned penicillin into the great drug of the 20th century.In 1945, all the three scientists, Fleming, Florey and Chain, shared the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine fortheir work, and penicillin rapidly became the powerful 'wonder drug' which saved millions of lives.1.We learn from the passage that the trial use of aspirin in powder form may date back to.A. 2500 years agoB. 3,500 years agoC. 1897D. 18992.Aspirin has been recognized as the best-selling painkiller by the world .A. for fewer than 50 yearsB. since 3,500 years agoC. for more than 50 yearsD. ever since it was put onto the market3.Various researches and reports show that aspirin can be used in at least different ways in medical treatment.A. fiveB. fourC. threeD. six4.Penicillin was discovered in and saved many lives inA. 1914; World War IB. 1928; World War IIC. 1929; Vietnam WarD. 1945; World War II5.Penicillin can be used to treat all of the following except *A. pneumoniaB. wounds caused by bacteriaC. diabetesD.illnesses caused by bacteria6.Why did Fleming share the Nobel Prize with other two scientists?A.Because they all discovered penicillin at almost the same time.B.Because Fleming wasn't able to discover penicillin without the other two J s helpC.Because the other two scientists succeeded in purifying penicillin.D.Because penicillin wasn't put into mass production until World War II.Unit 3THE EFFECTS OF THE INTERNET ON OUR LIVESThe Internet has positive effects on our livesMy name is Zhu Zhenfei and I am speaking for the 'pro-internet' side.That is to say, I believe that the Internet has positive effects on our lives. There are two main points which must be included in any analysis of theInternet and its use. The first is its value for people who are looking for information. The second is the ability to build groups online and form friendships, which the Internet gives us.When people are in need of information, from current affairs and weather forecasts to travel packages and academic research, the Internet is now thefirst place that many people turn to. With the touch of a button or the click of a mouse, a student can acquire knowledge from the information held in the largest libraries and museums in the world, whether he or she lives in a small village or downtown in a big city. Internet users can communicate with experts on all sorts of topics, and read articles written by people who are leaders of their fields.However, some people are sceptical. They claim that the Internet is useless and that using the Internet is a waste of time. They say children spend too much time chatting and playing games instead of focusing on their school work. However, a recent survey done in the USA showed that 80per cent of frequent Internet users use it mainly to search for answers to questions. The second most common use of the Internet, according to 70 per cent of the survey respondents, is to advance knowledge about hobbies. These statistics prove that gathering information is the primary use for the Internet.Another truly wonderful aspect of the Internet is the way people use itto build social ties. One of the greatest benefits of Internet friendships isthat they are based on common interests, rather than appearance, age or popularity. Young people from different backgrounds and different counties can form lifelong friendships. Moreover, people who are disabled and must stay in their homes can communicate with the outside world and meet others with similar interests.Without the Internet, these people would have fewer chances of meeting people. For these reasons, I believe the Internet remains a positive tool that helps make our lives better.The Internet has negative effects on our livesMy name is Lin Lei and I will be representing the 'con' side of the debate. In my opinion, the Internet has negative effects on our lives.The main drawbacks of the Internet I will address today are uncontrolled information and the change in the way people spend their time.Of course, access to up-to-date, accurate information is an important thing for anyone who is involved in research. One of the greatest advantages of the Internet is that it provides this information. The disadvantage, though, is that it is difficult to judge whether the information is true and accurate. The amount of false information on the Internet becomes more of a problem everyday. This is very troublesome because people can write anything they want, and we cannot always tell if the information is true or not. In 2003, eBay, the famous website where people buy and sell things, said that 70 per cent of their problems were with people who sold things that did not exist, or who lied about the products they were selling. University professors around the world complain that students are handing in papers using false information they found on the Internet. These problems of inaccuracy do not occur as often when people use traditional ways to find information, such as looking in books, newspapers and magazines.Another disadvantage of the Internet is that it is affecting people's private lives. As the Internet has gained popularity, there has been a changein the way people spend their time. Now, instead of spending time together in the evenings, some families spend their time apart because one or more members are using the computer, or are at an Internet cafe. In fact, some young people spend so much time playing computer games and using the Internet that they have become addicted to computer games. To help solve this problem, a clinic to deal with Internet addiction was opened in Beijing in 2005.Some experts say that spending too much time building Internetrelationships can damage people's abilities to live normal lives. Oneuniversity did a study about the students who had stopped their studies before completing a diploma course, and found that 43 per cent of them were heavy computer users. This study clearly shows that people who spend all their time on the Internet can feel disconnected to the people and the world round them.These are all negative effects the Internet has on our lives, and I feelit remains important for us either to limit our use of the Internet, or to learn how to handle the problems it has caused.1.What does the passage mainly focus on?A. The positive effects of the Internet on our lives.B. The negative effects of the Internet.C. Different effects of the Internet on our lives.D. How to carry out a debate.2.How many points does the first speaker present to support her arguments?A. OneB. TwoC. ThreeD. Four3.The primary use of the Internet according to the statistics from a surveyin the USA is.A.to advance their knowledge about their hobbiesB.to acquire knowledge from the information in libraries and museumsC.to communicate with experts on all sorts of topicsD.to gather information when they are in need of them4.The most serious problem shown by the eBay survey conducted in 2003 is.A. inaccurate informationB. how to deal with privacy on the InternetC. false shopping informationD. how to deal with Internet addictionUnit 4The first underground in the worldWelcome to the London Underground, or as it is commonly known, the Tube. It has the distinction of being the oldest and most complex underground system in the world. During the first half of the19th century, train services to London were developed. However, most trains into London only went to the distant boundary of the city because building railway tracks into the city would have caused damage to many historic buildings. Thus, many buses were needed to transport people to the city centre. Unfortunately, the increased number of vehicles on the road choked off traffic, and the roads became so busy that no one could travel anywhere. This problem with traffic led to the development of the underground system.In 1854, it was decided that the Metropolitan Railway Company could build an underground railway between Paddington and Farringdon. This would be a shuttle between King's Cross, St Pancreas, Euston, Paddington and the centre of London. The first tunnels were opened in 1863 and passengers were transportedin carriages without windows, which were pulled through the comparatively narrow tunnels by steam engines. Can you imagine the smoke and the noise? In 1868, the next section of the underground system was opened in the south of London by another company called the Metropolitan District Railway. Sixteen years later, in 1884, the Metropolitan Railway Company and the Metropolitan District Railway linked up and provided the underground service in the middleof the city. This later became the Circle Line.As more advanced ways of digging tunnels were developed, the firstrailway tunnel under the River Thames was dug in 1884. These new ways of digging accelerated the pace of the London Underground's development. The City and South London Railway linked other places in London in the 1880s. Over the next twenty-five years, six independent deep underground lines were made. Traveling on these lines was inconvenient, though, as each line was separately owned and many were very far from each other.Having seen the situation, a wealthy American businessman, Charles Yerkes, tried to improve the system by buying many of the different lines and setting up the Underground Group. After his acquisition of the lines, each one was given a name and most of the names are still used today. In 1933, a public organization called the London Transport Board was created. The Underground Group, theMetropolitan Line and all the different bus and train lines were placed under the authority of the Board. This organization eventually became London Transport. Between 1918 and 1938, there was much expansion as new connections were built between train lines, and new stations were built. An architect called Charles Holden was responsible for designing many of these stations and they are still in use today.During World War II, when London was bombed, many underground stations functioned as bomb shelters. A newly-built line was used as an undergroundaeroplane factory, a closed station was used as an anti-aircraft centre, and the station nearest the Prime Minister's house was used by the Prime Minister as meeting rooms so the underground system had some unusual uses during thewar!After World War II ended in 1945, more people travelled on the underground, so more lines were added. This included the Victoria Line that linked with other lines at almost every station. This helped make the system more user-friendly. The last line added was the Jubilee Line in 1977 in honour of the twenty-fifth anniversary ofQueen Elizabeth's crowning.The London underground system is working to transport millions of people effectively as it has done for many years. Three million people travel on the underground every day. The network of the underground system includes twelve lines and now goes twenty-six miles out of central London. So why not take a trip on the oldest underground system today by one of the travel cards that permit you to travel all over the underground system.1.When was the first underground system opened in London?A. In 1868.B. In 1854.C. In 1863.D. In 1884.2.Why was the underground system first developed in London?A.Most of the railway tracks did not reach the centre of the cityB.The increased number of vehicles choked off the traffic of the cityC.The underground system transported more people without increasing traffic on the roadD. All of the above3.The Victoria Line is important because.A.it was built in honor of Queen Elizabeth's crowningB.it linked with other lines at almost every stationC.it was the last line added in 1977D.more people traveled on the underground after World War II.4.Which of the following is NOT the functions the London underground system played during World War II?A. A bomb shelter.B. An anti-aircraft center.C. Prime Minister's living room .D. An aeroplane factory.5.Who made the most important contribution to the development of London underground system?A. Queen Elizabeth.B. Charles Yerkes.C. Charles Holden.D.Both B and CUnitl电视和音响器件：回顾电视的早期历史无线电视传输节目首播在美国是1925年，在英国是1926。
牛津高中英语模块七单词表(中文)
Unit 1
与……保持联系 演变，发展；进化 装置
缺点，缺陷；不利条件
原理，法则；道德原则，行为准则 制造；修筑，建造 （使）推迟，延迟 黑白的
可使用的；可接触 卫星电视碟形天线
使分布，分散；分发，分配；分销 百分率，百分比
无线电视接收机；听筒，受话器；接受者 管子；管状物；伦敦地铁 唱片；（计算机）磁盘 发条；缠绕；蜿蜒，曲折 上发条
习语，成语，惯用语 克（重量单位） 合适的，适当的 浏览，粗略地读 雅致的，精美的；（人பைடு நூலகம்其举止）优雅的 电池
（信奉）基督教的；基督徒 四轮马车；（火车）车厢 冰箱
宗教的，宗教信仰的 投票，选举，表决 拒绝，拒收；不予考虑 亲密的，紧密的；紧的
反对，抵制，阻挠；与……竞争 合理的，有根据的；（法律上）有效的 条件，环境，状况 仅仅，只不过 拨（电话号码），打电话
应用，运用;申请表，申请；涂抹，外敷 不能，无法
有效的；实际的，事实上的；生效的 批准，通过；赞成，同意 （使加速）
大规模的；数量极多的
组成部分，成分，部件 最后，终于
便携式的，轻便的 盒式磁带，卡式磁带
数学信息系统的，数码的，数字式的 影碟
存储，储藏（空间） 预料，预见，预知 适应；改编本，改写本 播放，转播；接转，转发 怀疑的
足够的，充足的，丰裕的
非正式的，随便的；漫不经心的，不经意的保险；保障措施
显然的，显而易见的 功能齐全的；全面的 电子的 翻译；转化
盘尼西林，青霉素 有益的，有用的 咀嚼，嚼碎；咬，啃 拥有，具有 酸，酸性物质
药片；丸；牌，匾，碑 畅销的
对……极重要的，必不可少的 可能性，潜在性；潜力，潜能 心脏病发作
高中英语牛津模块七Unit-3-reading课件选修7
The main points:
1. uncontrolled information 2.the change in the way people spend their time
2024/7/19
the supporting facts;
the supporting facts;
the opposite point
Para 3 the opposite point;
the supporting facts;
Para 4 the second point ; Para 3 the second point ;
2024/7/19
13
Supporting facts:
1) In 2003, 70 per cent of eBay’s problems were with people who sold things that did not exit, or who lied about the products they were selling.
2024/7/19
1
1. Do you use the Internet? What do you usually use it for?
2. Is it good or bad to use the Internet?
2024/7/19
2
Read the text quickly to find some general information. 1.How many passages are there in the text?
牛津高中英语模块七词汇(1、2单元)
牛津高中英语模块七单词表M7Unit11．与……保持联系2．演变，发展；进化3．装置设备4．缺点，缺陷；不利条件5．原理，法则；道德原则，行为准则6．制造；修筑，建造7．（使）推迟，延迟8．黑白的9．可使用的；可接触10．卫星电视碟形天线11．使分布，分散；分发，分配；分销12．百分率，百分比13．无线电视接收机；听筒，受话器；接受者14．管子；管状物；伦敦地铁15．唱片；（计算机）磁盘16．上发条；缠绕；蜿蜒，曲折17．上发条18．组成部分，成分，部件19．最后，终于20．便携式的，轻便的21．盒式磁带，卡式磁带22．数学信息系统的，数码的，数字式的23．影碟24．存储，储藏（空间）25．预料，预见，预知26．专利权；专利证书27．适应；改编本，改写本28．播放，转播；接转，转发29．怀疑的30．足够的，充足的，丰裕的31．非正式的，随便的；漫不经心的，不经意的32．保险；保障措施33．显然的，显而易见的34．功能齐全的；全面的35．电子的36．翻译；转化37．习语，成语，惯用语38．克（重量单位）39．合适的，适当的40．浏览，粗略地读41．（物品）雅致的，精美的；（人或其举止）优雅的42．电池43．（信奉）基督教的；基督徒44．四轮马车；（火车）车厢45．冰箱46．宗教的，宗教信仰的47．投票，选举，表决48．拒绝，拒收；不予考虑49．亲密的，紧密的；紧的50．反对，抵制，阻挠；与……竞争51．符合逻辑的，合理的，有根据的；（法律上）有效的52．条件，环境，状况53．仅仅，只不过54．拨（电话号码），打电话55．平常的；典型的，有代表性的；特有的56．（手机）短信57．肤浅的，浅薄的；浅的58．牺牲，献出59．稳定的；稳重的60．垃圾桶，垃圾箱61．额外62．摆脱；去除；丢弃M7Unit21．药剂师，药商；化学家2．针刺疗法3．针，针头；指针4．外科医师5．手术室6．救命的，救生的7．巨变，大变革；革命8．橱柜；食物柜；衣柜9．柜台；计数器；反驳10．阿司匹林11．盘尼西林青霉素12．有益的，有用的13．咀嚼，嚼碎；咬，啃14．拥有，具有15．水杨酸16．酸，酸性物质17．药片；丸；牌，匾，碑18．畅销的19．对……极重要的，必可少的20．可能性，潜在性；潜力潜能21．心脏病发作22．循环；传播，散布；传递，传阅23．中风脑溢血抚摩24．血糖25．糖尿病26．不正常的，反常的27．霉霉菌28．使十分惊讶，使吃惊29．测试，试验；参加选拔30．应用，运用31．不能，无法32．有效的；实际的，事实上的；生效的33．批准，通过；赞成，同意34．（使）加速35．大规模的；数量极多的36．批量生产37．疾病；恶心，呕吐38．症状；征兆39．流血，失血40．使筋疲力尽；使厌烦41．合理的，有理由的；公道的；明智的42．结果，后果43．鼓掌；称赞，赞许44．排列，布置；安排；约定，协议45．钝的，不锋利的；迟钝的46．压觉点、止血点47．剑，刀48．放出，发出49．肿胀，膨胀；（使）凸出，鼓起50．肿胀，膨胀51．针灸师针疗医师52．不生锈的53．不锈钢54．锋利的；急剧的；灵敏的55．复杂的，难懂的56．脉，脉搏；脉冲57．心跳58．手腕，腕关节59．器官；管风琴，风琴60．酒鬼61．上瘾；入迷62．理论，学说63．现象64．联系，把……联系起来；叙述，讲述65．定期订购或订阅66．同意，赞成。
牛津高中英语模块七 Vocabulary(Grammar-Task)(共23张)
2)Heavy Metal music really arose in the late 60s.
重金属音乐真正形成于60年代后期。
3)These threats to health security arise from conflicts and natural disasters.
C. raising; bring down D. rising; brought down.
2. They’ve ______ up to 20,000 yuan for the Hope
Project.
A. rose
B. raise
C. raised
D. risen
3. When the question ______ at the meeting, no one
特地为他预留了一间带阳台的海景双人房。
②A nature reserve is an area of land where the animals, birds, and plants are officially protected.
自然保护区是指动物、鸟类和植物受到官方保 护的土地区域。
即学即用
7. We watched the waves c_r_a_sh_i_n_g(撞击) against the
1)吉姆大叔给孩子们带来了一大堆礼物。 Uncle Jim broughat _lo_a_d__o_f _/ _lo_apdrsesoef nts for the kids. 2)工人正在把木料装上卡车。 Men werelo_a_d_i_n_g_uap truck_w__it_h__ timber.
1)Salaries have now been raised. 现在薪水已增加了。 2)The price was raised to ￡10. 价格涨到十英镑。
演示文稿牛津高中英语模块七课件
If penicillin had not been available, many people would have died from sickness or even small wounds.
---与过去事实相反的虚拟语气 从句：had done; 主句： would have done
Ø not only... but (also)... 后所连接的词性必须
对等。
Ø not only 连接两个分句，放于句首时，此
分句要用部分倒装。
I动•t is词Hmv要eiotarse用l pteho“aa(ktss.ei.hl.yon“.u.o.l.dt是)o+至n动ly关词m重原or要形e 的c”o”r；rec从tly句, b中ut的谓语 I•t isTvhitealptohoart mevaenrynpoiet ocenlyofheaqdubipemenefnint e(sdh, ould) be bchuet caklseod hbaedfobreetnheseenxtpteoripmriesonnt .
第八页，共46页。
Sentence analysis
第九页，共46页。
If you open up any medicine cupboard or go to
any medicine counter in the world, it is likely
that you will find aspirin and penicillin. (L23)
第十一页，共46页。
It was in 1897 that a European chemist called Dr.
Felix Hoffmann produced aspirin from this chemical. (L12-13)
牛津版高中英语模块7课本及翻译
牛津版高中英语模块7课本及翻译Unit 1TV and audio devices: a reviewEarly history of TVThe first public showings of wireless TV transmissions were made in 1925 in the USA and in 1926 in Britain. Later, in 1928,the first long-distance TV broadcast was made between the UK and the USA. Regular public broadcasting followed shortly after, first beginning on 11May 1928 in New York and in London on 20 August 1929. Many different people contributed to the development of TV. Because of this, it is still uncertain who invented TV. Altogether, three men could be responsible.Vladimir Zworykin, a Russian living in the USA, Philo Farnsworth, a farm boy from Utah in the USA, and John Logie Baird from Scotland all invented early forms of TV between 1923 and 1927.A few years later, color TV was first shown in 1929. It took more than two decades, though, until 1951, for colour broadcasts to beginin the USA. By 1967, most broadcasts were in color and within five years, more colour than black-and-white TV sets were being used.The modern age: cable TV, satellite TV, digital TV, ...Cable TV began in 1948 in the USA, but it took 50 years before 66 per cent of American households had it. Satellites were used to broadcast TV beginning in 1962.Some consider digital TV to be superior to satellite TV because it allows the same services to be delivered with clearer pictures than before. International standards for digital TV were established in 1989 and within five years, consumers in the USA had access to 200 channels. By 2004, digital TV signals were being received by 55 per cent of households in Britain.In 1996, a completely new concept was introduced when the first Web TV set-top boxes came onto the market. This combines the TV set with the World Wide Web. With interactive TV programming, you can play along with game shows, respond to questionnaires and chat to other viewers.Early history of audio devicesIt all began in 1877 when Thomas Edison made the first recording of a human voice. Ten years later, the first record player was developed. It was invented by Emile Berliner, a German living in the USA. At that time, the record player had to be wound up by hand and only played a record for two minutes. In 1958, the first LPs (long-play records) came onto the market.Tape recorders and players1931 was the year when a German company began to make the first tape recorders, which could record and play sounds on a tape wound around a round object. In 1948, three American scientists invented the transistor, which is a small electronic device to control an electric current, but they only developed it for military use. Two young Japanese engineers had a better idea. They bought the patent and applied the technology to create the transistor radio. In 1954, the invention of the transistor led to the development of cassette recorders. Then, in 1979, the Walkman, a portable pocket-sizedcassette tape player, was introduced and became so popular that Walkman was added to the Oxford English Dictionary in 1986.Sound goes digitalIn 1982, the first CDs (compact discs) produced by using digital technology were made available. In 1986, when the D-50, a portable CD player, was launched, the Discman was born. In the following years, more CD recordings became available, and in 1988, for the first time ever, people were demanding more CDs than LPs.The next new development was the MD (MiniDisc) player in1992. This is like a mini CD player but can also record music and is very easy to carry, being very small, as the name ‘mini’ indicates.Development of MP3 technology started in 1987 in Germany and since the beginning of 1999, the popularity of MP3has increased to such a degree that major corporations are taking over the portable music player market with MP3 players. They are the next step on from the Walkman, Discman and MD player. Because of the popularity ofMP3 players, music websites have sprung up all over the Internet offering MP3 music for people to purchase.1. Who might be the inventor(s) of the first TV?A. Vladimir Zworykin from Russia.B. Philo Farnsworth from the USA.C. John Logie Baird from Scotland.D. All the three above.2. The passage mentions _______ country/countries whichhas/have put digital TV into operation by 2004. A. only one B. two C. three D. at least four3. Who might have attributed to the development of the Walkman?A. Two Japanese engineers.B. Three American scientists.C. Thomas Edison.D. Emile Berliner.4. What is the main factor that causes the spring up of music websites all over the Internet?A. The popularity of Walkman.B. The development of the MD player.C. The development of MP3 technology.D. The wide use of Discman.5. Which of the following best shows the structure of the passage?(T=title 1=subtitle 1 2=subtitle2 3=subtitle 3 4=subtitle 45=subtitle 5)Unit 2Two Life-saving medicinesThis article will focus on two medicines that have changed people’s lives. If you open up any medicine cupboard in the world, there is a high probability that you will find aspirin and penicillin. Bothof these medicines have saved millions of people’s lives since they were invented.ASPIRINThe date that aspirin was invented is given by medical historians as 1897,but in fact, 3,500years ago, some recipes recommended drinking a tea made from the dried leaves of a particular plant to reduce body pains. About 2,500years ago, the Greek physician Hippocrates, father of all doctors, made a juice from the bark of a kind of tree to reduce fever and pain. The active chemical in this juice (salicylic acid) helped stop the pain. It was in 1897 that a European chemist called Dr Felix Hoffmann produced acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) from some other chemicals to make a medicine for his father. The first trials of this medicine took place in 1899 when the company Hoffmann worked for began giving the medicine in powder form to physicians to use with patients. A year later, in 1900, aspirin was sold in shops as a tablet containing 500milligrams of ASA. This is one of the first medicines in the world ever to be sold as a standardized tablet. In1950, aspirin appeared in the Guinness Book of Records as thebest-selling painkiller.Not only has aspirin saved many people’s lives by reducing fever and helping stop pain, but there are also other things that aspirin can help with. Lawrence craven, a doctor from the USA, is the author of several published reports, one of which introduced the idea in 1953 that aspirin could reduce the risk of heart attacks by thinning blood. The report was ignored. However, in 1971,Smith and Willis from the UK proved that aspirin was a blood-thinning medicine, and in 1977, a study carried out in the USA showed that the chemical ASA in aspirin could prevent a stroke, which is a type of serious illness when blood vessels in the brain burst suddenly or are blocked. Eleven years later, Dr Thun from the USA showed that ASA could reduce the risk of colon cancer by 40 per cent. In 1999, aspirin was 100 years old and yet there have been more discoveries on how it can help increase the length of people’s lives. In 2003, a Chinese doctor, Dr Yuan Minsheng, found that ASA could reduce blood sugar levels and, therefore, help people with diabetes.PENICILLINAnother drug that has helped increase the standard of people’s health is penicillin. This bacteria-killing medicine is considered by many to be one of the most important medicines in contemporary society. It was discovered by a Scottish scientist named Alexander Fleming in 1928. He noted that mould had grown on a special transparent jelly that had bacteria on it. He saw that the mould had killed them. Fleming tried this mould out on another bacterium and found that it killed the bacterium too. He immediately thought that this application might help in treating wounds and illnesses caused by bacteria. He named the chemical found in the mould ‘penicillin’ and tried to make it pure to be a medicine, but was unable to do that. Fleming did not give up. However, it was not until World War II that two other scientists, Howard Florey (Australian) and Ernst Chain (German born English) managed to use new chemical techniques to purify it. They were able to produce it in large quantities. Their new drug was needed immediately because of the war, so mass production started quickly. Due to the widespread use of penicillin,many lives were saved during World War II. It was a dream come true. If penicillin had not been available, many people would have died from bacterial illnesses or even minor wounds. Penicillin is also used to treat other illnesses including pneumonia, an illness that affects the lungs. So, although Fleming discovered penicillin, it was over a decade before someone else turned penicillin into the great drug of the 20th century.In 1945, all the three scientists, Fleming, Florey and Chain, shared the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for their work, and penicillin rapidly became the powerful ‘wonder drug’ which saved millions of lives.1. We learn from the passage that the trial use of aspirin in powder form may date back to ________.A. 2500 years agoB. 3,500 years agoC. 1897D. 18992. Aspirin has been recognized as the best-selling painkiller by the world ________.A. for fewer than 50 yearsB. since 3,500 years agoC. for more than 50 yearsD. ever since it was put onto the market3. Various researches and reports show that aspirin can be used in at least ________ different ways in medical treatment.A. fiveB. fourC. threeD. six4. Penicillin was discovered in ________ and saved many lives in ________.A. 1914; World War IB. 1928; World War IIC. 1929; Vietnam WarD. 1945; World War II5. Penicillin can be used to treat all of the following except________.A. pneumoniaB. wounds caused by bacteriaC. diabetesD. illnesses caused by bacteria6. Why did Fleming share the Nobel Prize with other two scientists?A. Because they all discovered penicillin at almost the same time.B. Because Fleming wasn’t able to discover penicillin without the other two’s helpC. Because the other two scientists succeeded in purifying penicillin.D. Because penicillin wasn’t put into mass production until World War II.Unit 3THE EFFECTS OF THE INTERNET ON OUR LIVESThe Internet has positive effects on our livesMy name is Zhu Zhenfei and I am speaking for the ‘pro-Internet’ side. That is to say, I believe that the Internet has positive effects on our lives. There are two main points which must be included in anyanalysis of the Internet and its use. The first is its value for people who are looking for information. The second is the ability to build groups online and form friendships, which the Internet gives us.When people are in need of information, from current affairs and weather forecasts to travel packages and academic research, the Internet is now the first place that many people turn to. With the touch of a button or the click of a mouse, a student can acquire knowledge from the information held in the largest libraries and museums in the world, whether he or she lives in a small village or downtown in a big city. Internet users can communicate with experts on all sorts of topics, and read articles written by people who are leaders of their fields.However, some people are sceptical. They claim that the Internet is useless and that using the Internet is a waste of time. They say children spend too much time chatting and playing games instead of focusing on their school work. However, a recent survey done in the USA showed that 80per cent of frequent Internet users use it mainly to search for answers to questions. The second most common use of the Internet, according to 70 per cent of the survey respondents, is toadvance knowledge about hobbies. These statistics prove that gathering information is the primary use for the Internet.Another truly wonderful aspect of the Internet is the way people use it to build social ties. One of the greatest benefits of Internet friendships is that they are based on common interests, rather than appearance, age or popularity. Young people from different backgrounds and different counties can form lifelong friendships. Moreover, people who are disabled and must stay in their homes can communicate with the outside world and meet others with similar interests.Without the Internet, these people would have fewer chances of meeting people. For these reasons, I believe the Internet remains a positive tool that helps make our lives better.The Internet has negative effects on our livesMy name is Lin Lei and I will be representing the ‘con’ side of the debate. In my opinion, the Internet has negative effects on our lives. The main drawbacks of the Internet I will address today areuncontrolled information and the change in the way people spend their time.Of course, access to up-to-date, accurate information is an important thing for anyone who is involved in research. One of the greatest advantages of the Internet is that it provides this information. The disadvantage, though, is that it is difficult to judge whether the information is true and accurate. The amount of false information on the Internet becomes more of a problem every day. This is very troublesome because people can write anything they want, and we cannot always tell if the information is true or not. In 2003, eBay, the famous website where people buy and sell things, said that 70 per cent of their problems were with people who sold things that did not exist, or who lied about the products they were selling. University professors around the world complain that students are handing in papers using false information they found on the Internet. These problems of inaccuracy do not occur as often when people use traditional ways to find information, such as looking in books, newspapers and magazines.Another disadvantage of the Internet is that it is affecting people’s private lives. As the Internet has gained popularity, there has been a change in the way people spend their time. Now, instead of spending time together in the evenings, some families spend their time apart because one or more members are using the computer, or are at an Internet cafe. In fact, some young people spend so much time playing computer games and using the Internet that they have become addicted to computer games. To help solve this problem, a clinic to deal with Internet addiction was opened in Beijing in 2005.Some experts say that spending too much time building Internet relationships can damage people’s abilities to live normal lives. One university did a study about the students who had stopped their studies before completing a diploma course, and found that 43 per cent of them were heavy computer users. This study clearly shows that people who spend all their time on the Internet can feel disconnected to the people and the world round them.These are all negative effects the Internet has on our lives, and I feel it remains important for us either to limit our use of the Internet, or to learn how to handle the problems it has caused.1. What does the passage mainly focus on?A. The positive effects of the Internet on our lives.B. The negative effects of the Internet.C. Different effects of the Internet on our lives.D. How to carry out a debate.2. How many points does the first speaker present to support her arguments?A. OneB. TwoC. ThreeD. Four3. The primary use of the Internet according to the statistics froma survey in the USA is ________.A. to advance their knowledge about their hobbiesB. to acquire knowledge from the information in libraries and museumsC. to communicate with experts on all sorts of topicsD. to gather information when they are in need of them4. The most serious problem shown by the eBay survey conducted in 2003 is ________.A. inaccurate informationB. how to deal with privacy on the InternetC. false shopping informationD. how to deal with Internet addictionUnit 4The first underground in the worldWelcome to the London Underground, or as it is commonly known, the Tube. It has the distinction of being the oldest and most complex underground system in the world. During the first half of the19th century, train services to London were developed. However, most trains into London only went to the distant boundary of the city because building railway tracks into the city would have caused damage to many historic buildings. Thus, many buses were needed to transport people to the city centre. Unfortunately, the increased number of vehicles on the road choked off traffic, and the roads became so busy that no one could travel anywhere. This problem with traffic led to the development of the underground system.In 1854, it was decided that the Metropolitan Railway Company could build an underground railway between Paddington and Farringdon. This would be a shuttle between King’s Cross, St Pancreas, Euston, Paddington and the centre of London. The first tunnels were opened in 1863 and passengers were transported in carriages without windows, which were pulled through the comparatively narrow tunnels by steam engines. Can you imagine the smoke and the noise? In 1868, the next section of the underground system was opened in the south of London by another company called the Metropolitan District Railway. Sixteen years later, in 1884,the Metropolitan Railway Company and the Metropolitan District Railway linked up and provided the underground service in the middle of the city. This later became the Circle Line.As more advanced ways of digging tunnels were developed, the first railway tunnel under the River Thames was dug in 1884. These new ways of digging accelerated the pace of the London Underground’s development. The City and South London Railway linked other places in London in the 1880s. Over the next twenty-five years, six independent deep underground lines were made. Traveling on these lines was inconvenient, though, as each line was separately owned and many were very far from each other.Having seen the situation, a wealthy American businessman, Charles Yerkes, tried to improve the system by buying many of the different lines and setting up the Underground Group. After his acquisition of the lines, each one was given a name and most of the names are still used today. In 1933, a public organization called the London Transport Board was created. The Underground Group, the Metropolitan Line and all the different bus and train lines were placedunder the authority of the Board. This organization eventually became London Transport. Between 1918 and 1938, there was much expansion as new connections were built between train lines, and new stations were built. An architect called Charles Holden was responsible for designing many of these stations and they are still in use today.During World War II, when London was bombed, many underground stations functioned as bomb shelters. A newly-built line was used as an underground aeroplane factory, a closed station was used as an anti-aircraft centre, and the station nearest the Prime Minister’s house was used by the Prime Minister as meeting rooms so the underground system had some unusual uses during the war!After World War II ended in 1945, more people travelled on the underground, so more lines were added. This included the Victoria Line that linked with other lines at almost every station. This helped make the system more user-friendly. The last line added was the Jubilee Line in 1977 in honour of the twenty-fifth anniversary of Queen Elizabet h’s crowning.The London underground system is working to transport millions of people effectively as it has done for many years. Three million people travel on the underground every day. The network of the underground system includes twelve lines and now goes twenty-six miles out of central London. So why not take a trip on the oldest underground system today by one of the travel cards that permit you to travel all over the underground system.1. When was the first underground system opened in London?A. In 1868.B. In 1854.C. In 1863.D. In 1884.2. Why was the underground system first developed in London?A. Most of the railway tracks did not reach the centre of the cityB. The increased number of vehicles choked off the traffic of the cityC. The underground system transported more people without increasing traffic on the roadD. All of the above3. The Victoria Line is important because ________.A. it was built in honor of Queen Elizabeth’s crowningB. it linked with other lines at almost every stationC. it was the last line added in 1977D. more people traveled on the underground after World War II.4. Which of the following is NOT the functions the London underground system played during World War II?A. A bomb shelter.B. An anti-aircraft center.C. Prime Minister’s living room .D. An aeroplane factory.5. Who made the most important contribution to the development of London underground system?A. Queen Elizabeth.B. Charles Yerkes.C. Charles Holden.D. Both B and CUnit 1 电视和音响器件：回顾电视的早期历史无线电视传输节目首播在美国是1925年，在英国是1926。
牛津版高中英语模块七
搜索引擎
主题目录搜索
2. What are their respective(各自的) features of the two services?
Search engines
Subject directories
·a type of c_om__p_u_te_r_p_r_o_g_r_a_m_ ·built _b_y__h_u_m__a_n_s___
Step three: using your information
Careful reaΒιβλιοθήκη ing:Step one:
choosing a search service
1. What are the two services aiding
you in your search?
Search engines and subject directories.
• suurrffininggthtehIentIenrnteetrnet
•…
Which website do you often use to search for information?
Fast reading:
Q1: Can you draw a structure of this passage?
which _co_n_t_a_in__th_e_w__o_rd_(_s_) ·present_a__b_u_n_ch__o_f _ti_tl_e_s
_y_o_u_a_s_k_f_o_r______ _o_f_a_r_t_ic_le_s_o_r_p_a_g_e_s__,
·presentu_n_e_v_a_lu_a_t_ed_contents sometimes __a_s_h_o_rt__
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
基础梳理·授之以渔
Unit 1
本课栏目开关
学情自测 A．用括号中所给词的适当形式填空
1．Their goal was to make adult education more accessible
(access)．
2．Brazil has a very unequal distribution (distribute) of
have done... It is strange that he should have failed in this exam. 他竟然考试没及格，真够奇怪的。
晨背佳句·日积月累
Unit 1
本课栏目开关
交际用语 1．from where I stand：according to what I know or feel
typical of sb. to do...做……是某人的特点 12．rid vt.摆脱；去除；丢弃→get rid of 扔掉；丢弃
基础梳理·授之以渔
Unit 1
本课栏目开关
B 构词记忆法
1．evolution n．演变，发展；进化→ evolve v．进化 2．construct vt.制造；修筑，建造→ construction n．建筑 3．receiver n．无线电接收机；听筒，受话器；接受者→ receive
据我所知；在我看来 From where I stand ， it seems like she’s being
unreasonable. 在我看来，她好像是不讲道理。 2．make it：to be successful or able to go to an event 取得成功；能参加
I never thought Clare would make it as an actress. 我从来没想到克莱尔会成为一名成功的女演员。 We didn’t make it to the party in the end. 我们最终没能参加那个聚会。
6．translation n．翻译；转化→translate ... into ...把……翻 译成……
7．suitable adj.合适的，适当的→be suitable for 对……适 合
8．vote vt. & vi.投票，选举，表决；n.选票；选举，表决→vote for 投票赞成→vote against 投票反对
晨背佳句·日积月累
Unit 1
本课栏目开关
2．It is suggested/ordered/commanded that...should do... It is suggested that the meeting (should) be put off.有人 建议推迟会议。
3．It is impossible/necessary/strange that...should do/should
v．收到
4.storage n．存储，储藏(空间)→ store v．存储
5．religious adj.宗教的，宗教信仰的；笃信宗教的，虔诚的
→ religion n．宗教 6．reject vt.拒绝，拒收；不予考虑，不予录用→ rejection n．
拒绝
基础梳理·授之以渔
Unit 1
本课栏目开关
3 ． distribute vt. 使 分 布 ， 分 散 ； 分 发 ， 分 配 ； 分 销
→distribute ... to ...把……分给……
4．wind vt. & vi.曲折，蜿蜒；上发条；缠绕→wind one’s
way 蜿蜒前进
基础梳理·授之以渔
ห้องสมุดไป่ตู้
Unit 1
本课栏目开关
5．insurance n．保险；保障措施→take out insurance 办 理保险
income and wealth. 3．Try to read Baudelaire in the original and not in
translation (translate)． 4．The film’s background music is suitably (suit) dramatic. 5．They have a typically (typical) English lifestyle.
基础梳理·授之以渔
Unit 1
本课栏目开关
9．oppose vt.反对，抵制，阻挠；与……竞争→be opposed to
反对
10.circumstance n ． 条 件 ， 环 境 ， 状 况 → under no
circumstances 决不 11．typical adj.典型的，有代表性的；平常的；特有的→It is
C 语境助记法 The drawback of the electronic device is obvious.Its
battery can not be charged easily and the function of the receiver is sceptical.The storage of the machine is not ample.Many other components are not perfect in design.So we would reject this device.
基础梳理·授之以渔
Unit 1
本课栏目开关
基础梳理·授之以渔
Ⅰ.词汇与派生 A 联想记忆法
1．delay vt. & vi.(使)推迟，延迟；n.延迟，延误→delay doing...
延误做……
2．accessible adj.可使用的；可接触到的；可到达的；易理
解的→have access to 获得……的权利
晨背佳句·日积月累
Unit 1
本课栏目开关
Unit 1 Living with technology
晨背佳句·日积月累
句型公式 1．It is＋a pity/a shame that...should do/should have done...
It is a pity that there should be so little charity abroad.在 国外竟然这么缺少仁爱，这是很可惜的。