现代大学英语精读4 第八课课文 Economic Growth Is a Path to Perdition, Not Prosperity
Charles Darwin was a rigorous, meticulous scientist. He spent nearly 20 years honing his analysis and polishing his prose before publishing his groundbreaking work, On the Origin of Species, in November 1859.Darwin’s slim volume was what we would call a “game changer,” a revolutionary work that fundamentally altered the way human beings see themselves and the natural world. Today most of us are familiar with his theory of “natural selection”—the foundation of modem evolutionary biology. But 150 years ago, Darwin was sailing into choppy waters. The Church of England had set rigid boundaries, and his thesis was clearly a challenge to the orthodox view that humans were a separate, unique part of God’s creation and that all life was divinely created and unchan geable.The establishment of the time mocked him. There was intense public debate. But Darwin was unflinching. Today his core idea that all animals and plants evolve and adapt through natural selection is the bedrock of modern life sciences. He opened the door to a new world—a door which religious fundamentalists and “intelligent design” proponents are still trying to close.Darwin’s long battle has disturbing echoes today. We, too, are trapped in the same sort of false illusion that stymied critical thought before his radical breakthrough, except that the myth that envelops us is more dangerous and even more deeply rooted.Our great sustaining myth is economic growth: faith that the economy can grow forever, that there are no limits to the wealth we can create from Earth’s natural resources. Growth, measured by an increasing Gross Domestic Product (GDP), is what drives government policy worldwide.The equation has been drummed into us for so long that it’s received wisdom. Growth equals prosperity and job s. Growth equals progress.Yet this is a relatively recent turn of events. Using the GDP as a tool to measure growth has only been around since the late 1940s when the UN System of National Accounts was developed. For most of human history, economic growth was a mere blip. Only the last eight generations of humans have experienced consistent growth. As the father of green economics, Herman Daly, points out: “Historically, steady state is the normal condition; growth is an aberration.” By “steady state,” Daly means an economy with a constant population and “the lowest feasible flows of matter and energy from the first stage of production to the last stage of consumption.”The latest global economic slump underlines our reliance on growth. What happens when the economy stumbles? Financial markets crash, property values plummet, bankruptcies pile up, unemployment soars, and social pathologies multiply. Thus the resurgence of Keynesian economics. Prime the pump with billions in government funds. Pray that tax breaks and fiscal stimulus will boost investment, production, and jobs.Yet the world already produces far too much stuff, a lot of it unnecessary and much of it useless. We go on churning out mountains of consumer goods because it’s good for growth. As long as the economy keeps growing, things will be okay. Growth keeps people employed, investment profitable, and the endless cycle of production and consumption spinning. Increases in productivity and the restless search for profits drive the process.Endless accumulation and expansion is the core of capitalism.Consider this: the world economy grew more than seven-fold from 1950 to 2000. It’s projected to do the same again by 2050. At current rates of growth (before the recent global meltdown), the economy was doubling every 15 years, a breathtaking number when you consider that it took all of human history to reach the $6 trillion world economy of 1950. As the US writers Fred Magdoff and John Bellamy Foster note: “No-growth capitalism is an oxymoron: when growth ceases, the system is in a state of crisis.” The upshot is that the natural environment, on which human life and the human economy depend, is sidelined—“not as a place with inherent boundaries within which human beings must live together with Eart h’s other species, but as a realm to be exploited in a process of growing economic expansion.”The uncomfortable and inconvenient truth is that the physical resources of the biosphere are finite. We’re not approaching the ecological limits to growth; we’r e well past them. And in the process we are fouling the planet with our wastes and threatening the natural systems on which humanity and all other species depend.The hard statistics of ecological decline could fill a library. We’re chewing through massiv e quantities of both renewable and non-renewable resources at a breakneck speed.In 2005, the UN Millennium Ecosystem Assessment, a collaborative work of more than 10,000 scientists, found that 60% of “ecosystem services”—things like climate regulation, the water cycle, pollination, global fisheries, natural waste treatment—were being degraded or used unsustainably. “Human activity is putting such a heavy strain on Earth’s natural functions,” the report warned, “that the ability of the planet’s ecosystems to sustain human endeavor can nolonger be taken for granted.”The new familiar Ecological Footprint model supports this conclusion. It’s a way of asking how much we’re extracting from the planet to live the way we do. Conventional economics tends to see the environment as a subset of the economy. The footprint approach does the reverse, comparing humanity’s ecological impact—resources consumed and waste produced—with the amount of productive land and water available to supply key ecosystem services. It deals in averages so the rich/poor divide is blurred. But the message is clear. It takes about 1.8 hectares to sustain the average person on Earth. Those of us in the rich world are way above the average: Canadians each use about eight hectares, and Americans use 10, more than five times the average.In 1961, human beings used about half of Earth’s biocapacity; by 2006 we were using 44% more than is available. Mathis Wackemagel, one of the founders of the ecological footprint system, says we will need the equivalent of two Earths by the late 2030s to keep up with our demands. Ecologists call this phenomenon “overshoot.” It’s a temporary state that becomes increasingly untenable as stocks of resources are depleted.Wackernagel again says: “Since the 1980s, we’ve been drawing down the biosphere’s principal rather than living off its annual interest. To support our consumption, we have been liquidating resource stocks and allowing carbon dioxide to accumulate in the atmosphere.”Oil is the main culprit. The burning of fossil fuels, especially petroleum, powers the global economy. Oil is an extraordinary feat of concentrated energy: three large teaspoons of crude contain about the same amount of energy as eight hours of human manual labor. Geologist Colin J. Camp bell hit the nail on the head: “It’s as if each one of us had a team of slaves working for us for next to nothing.”Napoleon said that an army marches on its stomach; our modern globalized economy marches on oil. But it’s a Faustian bargain. The costs now exceed the benefits. Take the climate system, a key “natural service” threatened by human-made greenhouse gas emissions, mostly CO2, the main by-product from the combustion of fossil fuels. The more oil and coal we bum, the more CO2 is pumped into the atmosphere and the more we tip the balance.Leading climate scientists say a target of 350 parts per million (ppm) of CO2 might avoid dangerous climate change. We’re currently at 390 ppm and projected to hit 650 ppm by the end of this century. This translate s into an average increase in global temperature of about 4°C. If this projection plays out, we’re in big trouble. Large parts of Africa, China, India, and Latin America would become desert. Have you heard the term “environmental refugees”? Keep it in mind, because you’re going to be hearing it a lot more in the years ahead.Even on its own terms, growth isn’t working. We avoid talking about the skewed distribution of the planet’s wealth and income, dreaming instead that we can grow our way out of the prob lem. So the richest 20% of the world’s population consumes the lion’s share of resources, while the poorest 80% have to get by on the crumbs. And the ratios are getting worse. Growth is an excuse for continued inequality. But, more importantly, countless studies show that beyond a certain point higher levels of material consumption do not lead to increased well-being or happiness.Per capita GDP has tripled in the United States since 1950, but the percentage of people who say they are happy has declined since the 1970s. Richard Wilkinson and Kate Pickett, in their book The Spirit Level, note that poor nations with lower inequality have higher levels of well-being than richer but more unequal nations. We place growth above equality and pay a price in what’s called “the hidden injuries of class.” Shorter, unhealthier, and unhappier lives addicted to a mindless consumerism that is depleting the planet’s resources.Free market cheerleaders believe that technology and human ingenuity will solve the problem. The economy can be “de-coupled” from material inputs, they claim, and improved technology will allow us to produce more wealth with less energy, materials, and waste. This is whistling in the dark. Between 1970 and 2000, rich countries saw impressive gains in energy efficiency of up to 40%; but average improvements of 2% a year were eclipsed by growth rates of 3% or more. Increased technical efficiency is swamped by increased consumption.A recent report by the New Economics Foundation found that, to stabilize carbon emissions at 350 ppm by 2050, the carbon intensity of the global economy would need to fall by 95%. Ramping up GDP without improving technological efficiency leads to more environmental damage. Yet improving efficiency leads to more growth, which leads to the same result.We’ve been captured by a myth far more alluring than the one that Charles Darwin confronted 150 years ago: the dream of perpetual economic growth. In the North we have been living beyond our ecological means for decades, consuming too much and producing more waste than the environment can absorb, while inequality grows.The global population is expected to jump by 3 billion in the next 40 years—more than the entire population in 1950.Most of that increase will be in the South, where poverty is entrenched and living standards desperate. How will those next three billion live? Justice demands that we in the rich countries ratchet back our growth and clear some space for those who need it. The fate of planet Earth may depend on it.Are we up to it?The economy is a human construct. It’s not an act of God. We made it, we can change it.。
精读4八到十四单元翻译
To my great relief, the tumor turned out to be benign� 16)被水淹没的地方的老百姓都得到了很好的照顾。政府的救济及时到达了。
The general was relieved of his command for disobedience� 13)这只是一种止痛药。它能缓解你的痛苦�但是不能治你的病。
This is just a pain reliever�It gives you relief�but it does not cured the disease� 14)她后来终于安全地回来了�这下大家都松了一口气。
8.昨天她们呆到凌晨�急切地等待选举的结果。 Yesterday they stayed up until the small hours of the morning, waiting anxiously for the results of the election.
9.早在20世纪70年代就有人建议中国引进市场经济。 Back in the 1970s, there were people who suggested that China introduce the market economy.
We have a strong team of six people working on this project� 8)我听到这消息心里如释重负。
I'm greatly relieved to hear the news� 9)你想减轻痛苦�有一个办法就是使自己不断忙于工作。
大学英语精读第四册课文翻译
大学英语精读第四册课文翻译“你学学我，”她边握手边说道，“午餐顶多只吃一道菜。
”“我会做得更好，”我回敬道，“我今晚什么也不吃了。
”“幽默家!”她得意洋洋地大声说着，跳上了一辆马车。
“你是个十足的幽默家!”但是我终于报了仇。
我自认不是一个爱报复的人，但是竟连不朽的众神也被触怒而干预其事时，我怀着心满意足的心情目睹这个结局，想必也是可以原谅的了。
现今她的体重已达二十一英石(二百九十四磅)。
Unit 8 如果你能从中获得很多好处，你会选择住在地下吗？天气再也不会带来麻烦。
全年恒温。
人造光源使全世界的生活节奏保持一致。
地面上自然世界的生态将大幅改善。
虽然移居地下的前景对很多人来说并不具吸引力，艾萨克·阿西摩夫却对此十分热衷。
新洞穴艾萨克·阿西摩夫在冰河时代，人类当时面临较为寒冷的气温，常常在洞穴里安家。
他们发现在洞里生活要比在野外更舒适，更安全。
我们现今仍然住在被称作房子的洞穴里，目的还是为了舒适和安全。
事实上，没有人愿意露宿在星空下的野地里。
会不会有朝一日为了更加舒适和安全起见，我们把房屋建造在地下，建造在新的人造洞穴里呢?乍一想来，这一建议似乎并不可取。
说起地下，我们会产生许许多多不愉快的联想。
在神话和传说里，地下是魔鬼和亡灵的世界，它常常是人们死后遭受折磨的地方。
（这可能因为尸体总是埋在地下的缘故，而火山爆发又给人们一种印象，似乎地下充满着火与毒气，如同地狱一般。
）然而生活在地下也有其有利之处，设想将整座城市，乃至全人类搬入地下是有一定的道理的。
如果将地壳最表层一英里厚的地方筑满通道和建筑物，就像一个巨大的蚁冢，这会给人类带来各种好处。
首先，气候将变得无关紧要，因为它主要是大气层的一种现象。
雨、雪、霰、雾将不会给地下世界带来麻烦。
甚至气温的变化也局限于露天地表，而在地下则不存在这种变化。
不论白天黑夜，炎夏寒冬，地下世界的温度将保持平稳，近乎恒温。
如今，当我们的地表环境太冷时，则需要取暖，而太暖时，又需降温，耗费大量的能量。
综合英语Book4 Unit8 Economic Growth is a Path to Perdition, not Prosperity
It was the survival of the fittest.
Choppy
(海、湖等)波浪起伏的，波浪滔滔的
忽行忽止的，急动的；不连贯的，支离破碎的； 没有条理的 裂缝多的；有皱纹的
Church of England
英格兰教会（英语：Church of England），或译为 英格兰国教会，又称英格兰圣公会，是圣公宗 （安立甘宗）的教会之一，16世纪由英格兰君主 亨利八世时期开始由托马斯、理查德· 胡克等改 革家们改革并作为英格兰的国教。教会的辖区是 今天英国（联合王国）中的英格兰地区，不包括 苏格兰、威尔士和北爱尔兰，后者分归苏格兰圣 公会、威尔士教会与爱尔兰教会管理。 英格兰圣公会的最高主教为坎特伯里大主教，副手 是约克大主教。此外英国君王拥有英格兰教会最 高领袖（Supreme Governor of the Church of England）的头衔。
Hone
vt. (在细磨石上)磨；珩磨： He was honing his razor although it's very sharp. 尽管他的剃刀十分锋利了，可他还是不停地磨它。
磨炼，锤炼；使精通： He runs every day to hone his stamina. 为了增强耐力，他每天都进行跑步锻炼。
Unflinching
不畏缩的，坚定的，果敢的 unflinching courage 百折不挠的勇气 Unflinching Resolve 决意 It's not simply an unflinching belief in our highest ideals. 这并不是简单的只是我们最崇高理想中一 个永不退缩的信念。
现代大学英语精读4第八单元课后习题答案
现代大学英语精读4第八单元课后习题答案Lesson Eight Globalization’s Dual PowerAnswers1 . Translateinto Chinese(1). 时髦字眼（2）债券融资（3）跨境兼并与收购额（4）国际收支（盈余）（5）规模经济（6）可怕的前景（7）民众强烈的反应（8）缺少共同的议事日程（9）申请加入（10）推广技术into English（1）national sovereignty （2）trade negotiations(3) ever-declining coasts (4) economic forecasts(5) in one critical respect (6) financial markets(7) an ensuing financial crisis (8) after adjusting for inflation(9) the Institute of International Finance(10) office buildingsII. Note the difference between the following pairs or groups of words:1)(1) surpass (2) exceeded (3) surpassed (4) exceeding (5) surpass (6) exceeding2)(1) threat (2) menace /thereat (3) threats (4) menace /thereat (5) threatIII. Grammar in the ContextComplete with the most likely answer1.D2.B3.C4.A5.CIV. Written worksWrite an essay of about 200words on the topic.What is your understanding of globalization? In what way do you think it will affect your career?In my opinion, Globalization describes the growth in international exchange and interdependence. With growing flows of trade and capital investment there is the possibility of moving beyond an inter-national economy. Each member of the world community becomes more and more integrated and inter-dependent. Globalization also refers to a process of removing government-imposed restrictions on movements between countries in order to create an open, borderless world economy.Of course, Globalization, to a large extent, ensured that China’s economy would develop in a balanced way by keeping pace with the world economy. Increased globalization has brought the world vast investment space in China and thus boosted China’s economic growth. What theglobalization brought to us is both opportunity and challenge.will affect my future career too. With the development of economic globalization and international communication, English becomes more and more important .The fast pace of globalization presents huge opportunities for those who participate proactively in this internationalization process. As a English major, I want to take par in this process. I want to be a qualified and excellent interpreter after graduation. Interpreters, like translators are bridges between different cultures. In the context of today’s globalization, their roles are particularly important. Whether a business will succeed or how successful a business will be depends on them to a certain extent. I will do my best to matter English in order to help international businessman work more efficiently.I will be devoted to my study and future career. So globalization will have great effects on my career.V. Translate(1)Our company projected an 8% growth rate next year.(2)China is projected to be the world’s workshop in 10 years. But that should not make ussmug.(3)You can project your slides on the wall.(4)He tried to project himself as a strong man in the election campaign.(5)I sometimes try to project myself into the future when I shall become a mother myself.(6)The building of the dam is a multibillion-dollar project.(7)We have a strong team of six people working on this project.(8)I’m greatly relieved to hear the news.(9)One way to relieve your distress is to keep yourself busy.(10)Diogenes would relieve himself by the roadside just likea dog.。
现代大学英语精读4UNIT8翻译及课后答案
UNIT8全球化的双重力量世纪之交，全球化已成为一把双刃剑：一方面，作为一种有力的工具，它能够促进经济增长，推广新技术，同时提高富国与穷国的生活水平；另一方面，作为一种引起巨大争议的进程，它侵犯国家主权，侵蚀当地文化与传统，威胁经济与社会稳定。
21世纪一个令人生畏的难题是各国将控制这一巨变，还是反过来被其控制。
从某种意义上来说，全球化不过是古老过程的一个时髦字眼。
所谓的市场不过是买方与卖方、生产者与消费者、储蓄者与投资者的结合而已。
在很大程度上，经济史就是市场扩张的过程，即从农场向城镇、从地区向国家，以及从一国向另一国扩张的过程。
在20世纪，经济大萧条以及两次世界大战阻滞了市场的发展。
但是第二次世界大战结束后，在政治压力与先进技术的推动下，经济又得到了加速发展。
在从20世纪40年代后期到80年代的冷战期间，美国极力捍卫以贸易自由化与经济增长作为对抗共产主义的一种手段。
一系列的主要贸易谈判使工业化国家的平均关税由1946年的约40%降低到1990年的约5%。
两次世界大战后，欧洲人认识到经济一体化是对付致命的民族主义的最有效的解毒剂。
技术与政治相辅相成。
在因特网面世之前，日益下降的通讯与交通成本——从喷气式飞机，质量更优的海底电缆到人造卫星——有利于提高商业全球化的程度。
到了20世纪90年代初期，全世界出口量（扣除价格上涨因素）几乎是40多年前的10倍。
全球化推动了这一进程，但同时也至少在一个重要方面违背这一进程。
直到最近，国家一直被视为独立的经济实体，国家之间主要靠贸易连接起来。
现在，情况已经不完全是这样了。
公司与金融市场在生产、营销与投资决策方面已经越来越不看重国界了。
根据国际金融研究所（华盛顿的一家银行业研究小组）的统计，早在1990年，各国政府——独自或是通过像世界银行这样的多边机构——向29个主要发展中国家（包括巴西、中国、印度、朝鲜与墨西哥）提供了占半数的贷款与信贷。
10年后，甚至1997—1998年间的亚洲金融危机过后，私人资金流使得政府的资金流相形见绌。
现代大学英语精读4lesson8GlobalizationsDualP
WB T L E
To be continued on the next page.
Lesson 7 The Greatest Invention
It is for this reason that we believe our students ought to kwon about globalization in all its subtlety and complexity. They should think about how they, as individuals, can adjust themselves to the challenges of a more open country and avail themselves of the new opportunities.
attention to the dual character of this trend
and urges people to deal with the new
problems.
To be continued on the next page.
Lesson 7 The Greatest Invention
more equitable, more humane, more
universally beneficial kind of globalization
.In this essay written at the edge of the
twenty-first century, the author draws our
Lesson 7 The Greatest Invention
WB T L E
Lesson 8
Lesson 7 The Greatest Invention
现代大学英语精读4paraphrase1-8
第一单元1、Nature had endowed the rest of the human race with a sixth sense and left me out.2、You could hear the wind, trapped in his chest and struggling with all the unnatural impediments. His body would reel with shock and his face go white at the unaccustomed visitation. He would stagger back to his desk and collapse there, useless for the rest of the morning.You could hear that the fresh air had to struggle with difficulty to find its way to his chest, because he was unaccustomed to this as his lungs had been harmed by drinking. His body would lose balance and his face would become pale as a result of the unexpected visit of the wind. He would go back to his desk unsteadily and fall into the chair, unable to do anything for the rest of the morning.3、In this instance, he seemed to me ruled not by thought but by an invisible and irresistible spring in his neck.Mr. Houghton‟s deeds told me that he was not ruled by thought; instead, he would feel a strong urge to turn his head and look at the girls.4、Technically, it is about as proficient as most businessmen‟s golf, as honest as most politicians‟intentions, or as coherent as most books that get written..Technically speaking, it is as skillful as most businessmen‟s golf playing, as honest as most politicians‟ purpose, and as consistent as most books‟ content.5、They have immense solidarity. We had better respect them, for we are outnumbered and surrounded.As they are everywhere and so daunting in number that we‟d better not offend them.6、Man enjoys agreement as cows will graze all the same way on the side of a hill.Humans enjoy following the crowd as it can bring them peace, security, comfort and harmony, which is like cows eating grass on the same side of a hill.7、To hear our Prime Minister talk about the great benefit we conferred on India by jailing people like Nehru and Gandhi. To hear American politicians talk about peace and refuse to join the League of Nations. Yes, there were moments of delight.Our Prime Minister was a hypocrite to say that the imprisonment of the two major leaders of Free-India Movement-Nehru and Gandhi-was good for India. The American politicians were dissimulators to talk about peace but refuse to join the League of Nations. Those moments made me feel happy.8、I slid my am around her waist and murmured that if we were counting heads, the Buddhists were the boys for my money. She fled. The combination of my arm and those countless Buddhists was too much for her.I slid my arm around her waist and whispered that if we were talking about the number of people who believed in a certain religion , I believed the Buddhists were greater in number. My “indecent” behavior and the daunting number of the Buddhists scared her away.9、It was Ruth all over again. I had some very good friends who stood by me, and still do. But my acquaintance vanished, taking the girls with them.What had happened to Ruth and me now happened again. Although some close friends of mine still stuck by me, my grad-one thinking scared away many of my acquaintances.Paraphrase in Lesson 21. Bella was the boarding-house lovely, but no one had taken advantage of the fact.Bella was young and pretty and was seen as the beauty of the boarding-house, but no one had shown any particular interest in her.2. He possessed a brain, and since no one understood it when he used it, it was resented.Mr. Penbury was intelligent, but no one in the boarding-house liked him for that. He was too smart for them, and everybody felt annoyed.3. But Mrs. Mayton never allowed more than three minutes to go by without a word and so when the silence had reached its allotted span, she turned to Penbury and asked.But Mrs. Mayton would not tolerate any silence for more than three minutes. So when no one broke the silence within three minutes she lost her patience and, turning to Penbury and asked.4. “Now,then,don‟t take too long thinking of an answer!”glared Mr. Calthrop.Mr. Calthrop was urging Mr. Penbury to give an answer immediately so that he would not have the time to make up a story.5. If found the spot all right. The weapon went through Mr. Wainwright‟s heart.6. We all know you walk in your sleep.We all know you are a sleep walker, so you may commit the murder in your sleep.7. “but let me suggest that you give the statement to the police with slightly less emphasis.”Mr. Penbury advises Mr. Calthrop not to put so much emphasis on his statement when talking to the police if he does not want to arouse their suspicion about his story.8.”No,”I answered.”I‟ve come to cure it.”“No,” Miss Wicks answered, “I have come to put an end to your cough.”Unit31. Most students are usually introduced to the study of history by way of a fat textbook and become quickly immersed in a vast sea of names, dates, events and statistics.Most students usually come to have their first experience of the study of history through the reading of a thick history textbook and soon are overwhelmed by a large number of names, dates, events and statistics.2.History, which seemed to be a cut-and-dried matter od memorizing “facts,”now becomes a matter of personal preference.People used to believe history study was just an effort of memorizing “facts.”Now history means different things to different people,because they choose the best description andiinterpretation according to their own preferences among those given by historians.3.They cannot help but feel that two diametrically opposed points of view about an event cannot both be right;yet they lack the ability to decide between them.They cannot help feeling that two absolutely opposite ideas about an event cannot both be correct,but they do not have the ability to judge which one is right.4.They will read of the interception of the “Zimmerman Note,”in which the German foreign secretary order German minister in Mexico,in the event of war,to suggest an alliance between German and Mexico whereby Mexico,with German support,could win back territory taken from Mexico by the United States in the Mexican War.They will come across the historical interception of the “Zimmerman Note.”In that telegraph,the German foreign secretary gave order to German minister in Mexico and asked him to propose an alliance with Mexico Government in case there would be war and to promise that Mexico Government would like to help Mexico win back the land that was taken away from Mexico by the US in the Mexico war.5.Can we eliminate all disagreement?If the state of our knowledge were such that it provided us with a model of unquestioned validity that completely explained human behavior,we can.We can get rid of all disagreements if our knowledge could give us a perfect model that completely explained human behavior.Unfortunately,such model doed not exist.Unit41.”My parents,and my wife‟s parents,and our priest,decided that I wasn‟t feeling up to it.And finally I decided so too.”“My parents, my wife‟s parents and our priest all thought that I‟d pretend to be not feeling well enough as an excuse to be absent from the awarding ceremony.So I decided not to attend the ceremony.”2.”…I‟m a sculptor,not a demonstrator.”“I‟m a sculptor,and I don‟t want to show any antagonistic feeling towards the white world by receiving an award.”3.In Orlando you develop a throat of ironIn Orlando you (the blacks) gradually develop a throat as strong as iron.4.… so I thought I‟d go and see the window, and indulge certain pleasurable human feelings.So I thought I‟d go and see my sculpture in the window and have some pleasant feelings of pride by enjoying my own work,which is natural to human beings.5.”You know it‟s by one of your own boys,don‟t you?”“What is extraordinary about the wonderful sculpture is that it is made by a black man like you.Do you know?”6.”She knows it won‟t be an easy life.”“She knows that her child will live a hard life in South Africa because they are black people.”7.I didn‟t feel like a drink at that time of night..I didn‟t want to drink because if the police caught me drinking late at night I would be in great trouble.8.He wasn‟t lookin g round to see if anyone might be watching.He wasn‟t afraid of being seen walking with a black man.9.I said unwillingly,”Yes.”I answered “Yes”,but actually I didn‟t want to tell him the truth.10.Now I certainly had not expected that I would have my drink in the passaage.I wasn‟t onlyfeeling what you may be thinking …Drinking in the passage was certainly beyond my expectation.What was in my mind was not what you may be thinking…11.“Our land is beautiful. But it breaks my heart.”“Our country is beautiful.But the apartheid made me very sad.”12….as though they wanted..to touch me somewhere and didn‟t know how….as though they wanted to communicate with me emotionally but didn‟t know the way to do it 13.And I thought it was a pity he was blind, for if men never touch each other, they‟ll hurt each other one day.And I thought it was a sad thing, because if you don‟t understand each other and don‟t care for each other, they will hurt each other some day.14.What he was thinking,God knows, but I was thinking he was like a man trying to run a race iniron shoes, and not understanding why he cannot move.Nobody knows what he was thinking.But I was thinking that he was much like a man trying to run but couldn‟t because he was still not completely free fro m racist prejudices which were dragging his feet like iron shoes.第五单元1.He treated Nerys like—well, there were times when—not just me, you understand…We allcould have done.The man Nerys was engaged to left her after she had become disfigured. But before the bank raid, he behaved like a lover. Many man, not just me, could have done the same if we had engaged with her.2.This man… treated her as only a handsome man can treat a beautiful woman.This man loved her only because she was beautiful. So he left her when she was no longer beautiful.3.We used to…When we were…We used to love this music when we were in love.4.I‟m sorry.I‟m sorry about what hapended to Netys.5.Sorry. I didn‟t mean to…I didin‟t mean to hurt you by offering money, because I know it‟s impossible for us to compensate in any way for the distress and suffering that Nerys and you have gone through.6.Or is it because it‟s us who are offering?You don‟t accept our help only because Vic was responsible for her suffering.7.You stick with him. You stick with Vic. If you …re looking for heros .You are with a hero if you are looking for a hero and that‟s Vic rather than me, so don‟t leave him.8….and I love him so much, Mrs Parks, and I‟m ever so sorry…I love Vic very much. I feel guilty about this because Vic is your husband.9. Sharon, it‟s a passing thing, I promise.Sharon, I can assure you that this experience is transient and won‟t last long. We all have the feeling when we are young.10.You never hear good about yourself, do you?You never hear people speak ill of you, do you? People gossip about you.11.You know bloody well what you‟ve done to her…You know clearly that you have been hurting her.12.I am not being shouted at.Beware of your manners. Stop shouting at me!13.If she dies, vic, if that girl dies…If Sharon gets drowned, you will be held responsible.14.Right. There is about to be some serious damage done, I can tell you…I will make you pay what you have done to me. You will be punished for what you have done to me.15.No, Sharon, I‟d rather you…Sharon，you‟d better not do anything. You have done enough to him.第六单元1.They rest upon mere tradition, or on somebody‟s bare assertion unsupported by even a shadow of proof…They are merely based on tradition, or on someone‟s statement that cannot be supported even by the least amount of proof…2.But if the staunchest Roman Catholic and the staunchest Presbyterian had been exchanged when infants, and if they had been brought up with home and all other influences reversed, we can have very little doubt what the result would have been.But the staunchest Roman Catholic would be the staunchest Presbyterian, and vice verse ifthey were exchanged when they were infants and brought up in opposite homes and under different influences.3.It is consistent with all our knowledge of psychology to conclude that…We can get the conclusion that each would have grown up with just the opposite beliefs to what they have now, and this is in agreement with our knowledge of psychology…4…we should remember that the whole history of the development of human thought has been full of cases of such “obvious truths”breaking down when examined in the light of increasing knowledge and reason.When we tend to say that any general truth is obvious and to doubt it is foolish, then we should remember that in the history of the development of human thought there have been many obvious truths which break down as knowledge and reason increase.5.The age-long struggle of the greatest intellects in the world to shake off that assumption is one of the marvels of history.The great learners spent hundreds of years struggling against the assumption that the planets moved in circles. The success of getting rid of that assumption is one of the miracles in human history.6.Many modern persons find it very difficult to credit the fact that men can ever have supposed otherwise.In modern time, it is difficult for many people used to believe that human beings think not with mind but with heart.7.We adopt and cling to some beliefs because—or partly because—it “pays” us to do so. But, as a rule, the person concerned is about the last person in the world to be able to recognize this in himself.We accept and continue to hold some beliefs because—or partly because—it brings us benefits. But generally the person involved maybe the least competent in recognizing thia himself.8.There is many a man who is unconsciously compelled to cling to a belief because he is a “somebody” in some circle--There are a lot of men who unconsciously are forced to hold a belief because he is very important in a circle. If he gives up that belief, he would not be important any more.第八单元1. As the edge of a new century, globalization is a double-edged sword: a powerful vehicle…, but an immensely controversial process that assaults national sovereignty; erodes local culture and tradition and threatens economic and social instability.As the new century is coming, globalization is like a sword which has two edges: it can have both negative and positive effects. On one hand, it can increase economic production, spread newtechnology and improve the living standards of the rich and poor countries; on the other hand, it is also a very controversial process because it threatens national independency, destroys local culture and tradition, and it may cause economic and social instability.2. In 1990, private flows (bank loans, bond financing, equity investment in local stock markets and direct investment by multinational companies ) total an estimated $136 billion to these 29 countries.In 1990, the private capital (bank loans, bond financing, equity investment in local stock markets and direct investment by multinational companies ) flowing into these 29 countries is estimated to have reached a total of $136 billion.3.Behind the merger boom lies the growing corporate conviction that many markets have become truly global. By trying to maximize their presence in as many nations as possible, companies seek to achieve of scale…The reason for the merger boom is that more and more companies have a strong belief that many markets have become truly global. Trying their best to enter other countries‟markets, companies are eager to realize economies of scale…4….as a result of “crony capitalism,”inept government investment policies and excess optimism……because of the corruption in those countries where political and financial resources are in the hands of a few privileged people along with their dishonest friends, their foolish government policies and unreasonable optimism…5.The street protesters… may have lacked a common agenda or even a coherent case against trade. But they… reflected the anxiety and anger that globalization often inspires.The street protesters at the Seattle meeting of the World Trade Organization in early December may not have a common program or a good reason against free trade. But they showed clearly their worries and anger about globalization. European fears of GM food or opposition to cross-border mergers also showed their worries and anger.。
精读4八到十四单元翻译
Diogenes would relieve himself by the roadside just like a dog� 11)我6点到12点值班�然后由小王来接替我。
I am on duty from six to twelve�and then Xiao Wang will come to relieve me� 12)这位将军因为违抗命令被解除指挥权。
5.1998年夏天�成千上万的抗洪战士日夜奋战在大堤上�发誓不惜一切代价保卫这个城市。 Thousands of flood fighters worked on the dam day and night in the summer of 1998, and vowed to defend their city at any cost.
The people in the flooded area are well taken care of�Government relief arrived just in time� 17)我们必须把他们争取过来�或者至少使他们中立�以便彻底孤立我们的主要敌人。
We must try to win them over or at least neutralize them so that we can completely isolate the main enemy� 18)通货膨胀很大程度上把这次提薪给抵消掉了。
现代大学英语精读4第8.9单元短语句子翻译带中文
现代大学英语精读4第8.9单元短语句子翻译带中文u81）汉语1.apowerfulvehicle有力的工具2.atrendword时髦字眼3.capitalflows资金流4.bondfinancing债券融资5.股权投资6.cross-bordermergersandacquisitiongs跨境兼并与收购7.current-accountdeficit经常项目赤字8.（有利的）国际收支9裙带资本主义10规模经济2）译成英语1.双刃剑adouble-edgedsword2.国家主权nationalsovereignty3可怕的难题.adauntingquestion4.贸易协商tradenegotiations5.经济一体化6不断下降的成本7消费者信心8经济预测9海底电缆10.在一个重要方面inonecriticalrespect11.一个经济实体aneconomicentity12.金融市场financialmarkets13.多边机构multilateralinstitutions14.随之而来的金融危机2.中国预计chinaisprojectedtobetheworld’sworkshopin10years.butthatshouldnotmakeussmug.3.你可以将你的幻灯片youcanprojectyouslidesonthewall.4.他试图让自己成为竞选活动中的强人13.这只是一种止痛药thisisjustapain-reliever.itgivesyourelief,butitdoesnotcurethedisease14.她后来终于安全的回来了finallyshecamebacksafeandsound.weallsighedwithrelief15.使我十分庆幸的是tomygreatrelief,thetumorturnedouttobebenign18.通货膨胀在很大程度上被通货膨胀抵消了19.作为一名法官，你应该在改革之初保持严格的中立，当改革开始时，代理人感到最优化占了上风15.银行贷款blankloans16.经通胀调整后17.全球资金突然大量流入abruptsurgesofglobalcaptical18.国际金融研究所theinstituteofinternationalfinance19.全面经济下滑afull-scaleeconomicdownturn20.写字楼officebuildings21.不恰当的政策ineptpolicies22.不平衡的贸易lopsidedtradeflows23.繁荣-衰退周期boom-bustcycles24.管理技能managementskills25.产品设计productdesign26.不可预测的后果27高成本行业28经济发展与经合组织13.aplausiblepresumption一个言之成理的假设14.apowerfulpopularbacklash民众的强烈反应15.geneticallymodifiedfood转基因食品19.最大化他们的存在20推广技术推广技术。
现代大学英语精读4考试课后翻译答案
精读四翻译Unit 11. 我知道，不管发生什么情况，我都可以依靠兄弟的支持。
I know I could rely on my brother to stand by me whatever happened.2. 一般说来，年轻一代与老一辈不同，他们对现在而不是对过去更感兴趣。
但这两代人如果不互相尊重对方的需要，就都会遭受损失。
As a rule, the younger generation tends to be more interested in the present rather than the past unlike the older generation, but both generations will stand to lose if they do not respect the other’s needs.3. 中国的书面文字是国家完整统一的一个重要因素。
The Chinese written language has been a major factor for integrating the whole nation.4. 在中国的传统艺术和文学中，竹子和松树往往象征着道德上的正直和刚正不阿。
In traditional Chinese art and literature, the bamboo and the pine tree always symbolize moral integrity and uprightness.5. 女皇伊丽莎白一世统治英国45年。
在她统治时期，国家十分繁荣昌盛。
Queen Elizabeth the First ruled England for 45 years, and the nation prospered under her rule.6. 民主意味着多数人来治理；但不仅如此，尊重少数人反对的权利也是民主不可分的一部分。