GMAT高分范文100篇(附录 GMAT写作高分模板与针对性黄金句型)【圣才出品】
100篇GMAT写作范文赏析
100篇GMAT写作范文赏析GMAT写作范文赏析极智批改网分享1. The following appeared as part of an annual report sent to stockholder by Olympic Foods, a processor of frozen foods.“Over time, the costs of processing go down because as organizations learn how to do things better, they become more efficient. In color film processing, for example, the cost of a 3-by-5-inch print fell from 50 cents for five-day service in 1970 to 20 cents for one-day service in 1984. The same principle applies to the processing of food. And since Olympic Foods will soon celebrate its twenty-fifth birthday, we can expect that our long experience will enable us to minimize costs and thus maximize profits.”Discuss how well reasoned you find this argument. In your discussion be sure to analyze the line of reasoning and the use of evidence in the argument. For example, you may need to consider what questionable assumptions underlie the thinking and what alternative explanations or counterexamples might weaken the conclusion. You can also discuss what sort of evidence would strengthen or refute the argument, what changes in the argumentwould make it more logically sound, and what, if anything, would help you better evaluate its conclusion.Citing facts drawn from the color-film processing industry that indicate a downward trend in the costs of film processing over a 24-year period, the author argues that Olympic Foods will likewise be able to minimize costs and thereby maximize profits in the future. In support of this conclusion the author refers tothe general prin ciple that “as organizations learn how to do things better, they become more efficient.” This principle, coupled with the fact that Olympic Foods has had decades of experie nce in the food processing industry creates author’s optimistic prediction. However, this argument is unconvincing because it suffers from two critical flaws.First, the author’s prediction of minimal costs and maximum profits rests on the dubitable assumption that Olympic Foods’ experience has improved its production and logistical methodology. There is no guarantee that this is the case. Nor does the author cite any evidence to support this assumption. It is equally probable that Olympic Foods has learned nothing from its 25 years in thefood-processing business. Without this arbitrary assumption, the expectation of increased efficiency has no basis.Second, it is highly doubtful that the facts drawn from the color-film processing industry are applicable to the food processing industry. There are many differences between the two industries, making the analogy less than valid. Forexample, problems of hygiene, contamination, and transportation all affect the food industry but are not significant factors in the film-processing industry. Problems such as these might present insurmountable obstacles that prevent lowering food-processing costs in the future.As it stands the author’s argument is not compelling or reliable. To strengthen the conclusion that Olympic Foods will enjoy minimal costs and maximum profits in the future, the author must provide evidence that the company has learned how to do things better as a result of its lengthy industrial experience. Supporting examples drawn from industries more similar to thefood-processing industry would further support the author’s view.2. The following appeared in a memorandum from the business department of the Apogee Company.“When the Apogee Company had all its operations in one location, it was more profitable than it is today. Therefore, the Apogee Company should close down its field offices (n. 外地办事处) and conduct all its operations from a single location. Such centralization would improve profitability by cutting costs and helping the company maintain better supervision of all employees.”In this argument the author concludes that the Apogee Company should close down field offices and conduct all its operations from a single, centralized locationbecause the company had been more profitable in the past when all its operations were in one location. This argument is not very convincing for a few reasons, The centralization which would improve profitability by cutting costs and streamlining supervision of employees is merely an assumption of the author. This assumption is never supported with any data, projections or patterns. Furthermore, the assumption fails to take into account unforeseen cost increases that might stem from centralization. For instance, company representatives would have to travel to do business in areas formerly served by a field office, creating expenditure of not only money but also of time. The author’s assumption must be supported with a thorough cost-benefit analysis of centralization versus otherprofit-enhancing strategies.Another flaw with this argument is that the author assumes that when Apogee was in one location, this centralization was thesole factor influencing business. But is centralization the only difference relevant to greater past profitability? It is entirely possible that a number of factors can affect the bottom line (帐本底线) such as inferior products, careless product pricing, inefficient production, poor employee expense account monitoring, ineffective advertising, sloppy buying policies and other wasteful spending. Unless the author can rule out other factors relevant to this case, the argument recklessly assumes that just because one event (decreasing profits) follows another (decentralization), the second event is necessarily caused by the first.In conclusion, this is a weak argument. The argument would be strengthened if the author were to provide a thorough cost-benefit analysis of available alternatives and considers other factors that might be negatively affecting current profits.3. The following appeared in a memorandum issued by a large city’s council on the arts.“In a rec ent citywide poll, fifteen percent more residents said that they watch television programs about the visual arts than was the case in a poll conducted five years ago. During these past five years, the number of people visiting our city’s art museums has in creased by a similar percentage. Since the corporate funding that supports public television, where most of the visual arts programs appear, is now being threatened with severe cu ts, we can expect that attendance at our city’s art museums will also start t o decrease. Thus some of the city’s funds for supporting the arts should be reallocated to public television.”In this argument the author concludes that the city should allocate some of its funding for the arts to public television inorder to boost museum attendance. The conclusion is based on two things: attendance at the city’s art museum has increased similarly to the increases in visual-arts programs on public television; and public television is being threatened by severe cuts in corporate funding. While this argument is convincing for some, a few concerns must be addressed.The argument depends on the assumption that increased exposure to the visual arts on television, public television in particular, has caused a similar increase in attendance of art-museums. However, just because increased art-museum attendance can be correlated with similar increases in television viewing of visual-arts programs, this does not necessarily mean that the television viewing of arts is the cause of the rise in museum attendance. This assertion assumes that television programs are the cause which affects museum attendance. This assumption of cause and effect is totally fallacious.Moreover, maybe there are other factors relevant to increased interest in the local art museum; for instance, maybe a new director has procured more interesting acquisitions and exhibits and thus caused museum attendance to increase. Furthermore, the author could be overlooking a common cause for both increases. It is possible that some larger phenomenon is responsible for greater public interest in both television arts programming and municipal art museums.We must recognize that the author’s assumption reflects a gene ral attitude that television viewing affects people’s attitudes and be havior. This is a shared premise on which many will agree. After all, was it not true, would advertisers spend billions of dollars on television ad time?In conclusion, the author’s lin e of reasoning does indeedhold water. But is it air tight? The argument would be strengthened if the author were to consider andrule out other important factors that may have caused the increase in visits to the local art museum.4. The following appeared in a report presented for discussion at a meeting of the directors of a company that manufactures parts for heavy machinery.“The falling revenues that the company is experiencing coincide with delays in manufacturing. These delays, in turn, are due in large part to poor planning in purchasing metals. Consider further that the manager of the department that handles purchasing of raw materials has an excellent background in general business, psychology, and sociology, but knows little about the properties of metals. The company should, therefore, move the purchasing manager to the sales department and bring in a scientist from the research division to be manager of the purchasing department.”In response to a perceived correlation between falling revenues and delays in manufacturing, the report recommends changing the manager of the purchasing department. The there are two justifications for this action. First, the delays are traced to poor planning in purchasing metals. Second, the purchasing manager’s lack of knowledge of metals is thought to be another cause of falling revenues. It is further recommended that the position of the purchasing manager be filled by a scientist and that the current purchasing manager be reassigned to the sales department. In support of the latter suggestion, the report states that the current purchasing manager’s background in general business, psychology, andsociology equip him for this new assignment. Therecommendations advanced in the report are questionable for two reasons.The report fails to establish causality between the revenue of the company and the delays in manufacturing. That falling revenues and delays in manufacturing are concurrent is insufficient to assume that the delays caused the decline in revenue. Without further evidence to support the causal connection between these two events, the report’s recommendations are not trustworthy or reliable.Moreover, a key assumption of the report is that knowledge of the properties of metals is necessary for purchasing metals. There is no evidence in the report to support this assumption. It is not obvious that such knowledge is necessary for performing this task. Since planning is a logistical function, it is doubtful that in-depth knowledge of the properties of metals would be helpful in accomplishing this task.In conclusion, this argument is quite weak. In order to strengthen the recommendation that the manager of the purchasing department be replaced, the author must demonstrate that the decline in revenue is a result of the delays in manufacturing. Additionally, the author would have to show that knowledge of the properties of metals is a prerequisite for both planning and purchasing metals.5. The following appeared in an announcement issued by the publisher of The Mercury, a weekly newspaper.“Since a competing lower-priced newspaper, The Bugle, was started five years ago, The Mercury’s circulation has declined by 10,000 readers. The best way to get more people to read The Mercury is to reduce its price below that of The Bugle, at least until circulation increases to former levels. The increasedcirculation of The Mercury will attract more businesses to buy advertising space in the paper.”In the opinion of a newspaper publisher the price of its paper, The Mercury, should be reduced below the price of a competing newspaper in order to stimulate sales. This suggestion is in response to a decline in circulation of The Mercury during the 5-year period following the appearance of The Bugle on newsstands. The publisher’s line of reasoning is that a lower newspaper price will i ncrease its readership, thereby increasing profits since a wider readership attracts more advertisers. This line of reasoning is problematic in two important ways.While increased circulation would make the paper more attractive to potential advertisers, it is not obvious that lowering the subscription price is a surefire way to obtain new readers. The publisher assumes that price is the one and only factor that caused the original decline in readership. But no evidence is given to support this claim. Additionally, given that The Mercury was a common and widespread local paper, it is unlikely that such a mass decline in readers would be explained by subscription price alone.There are many other factors that might account for a decrease in The Mercury’s popularity. Readers might be displeased with the extent and accuracy of its news reporting, or the balance of local to other news coverage. Moreover, it is possible that The Mercury has recently changed editors or undergone equally drastic internal shifts, giving the paper an unpopular local perspective, political or otherwise. Or perhaps readers are unhappy with the paper’s format, the relevance of its articles or its entertainment value, etc.In conclusion, the publisher’s argument is flimsy because itdepends on an oversimplified assumption about the connection between the price of the paper and its circulation. To strengthen the argument, the author must identify and analyze factors beyond cost before concluding that lowering subscription prices will indeed boost circulation and increase advertising revenue.6. The following appeared as part of an article in a magazine devoted to regional life.“Corporations should look to the city of Helios when seeking new business opportunities or a new location. Even in the recent recession, Helios’s unemployment rate was lower than the regional average. It is the industrial center of the region, and historically it has provided more than its share of the region’s manufac turing jobs. In addition, Helios is attemp ting to expand its economic base by attracting companies that focus on research and development of innovative technologies.”In this argument companies are exhorted to consider the city of Helios when seeking a new location or new business opportunity. T o support this suggestion, the author mentions that Helios is the industrial center of the region, providing most of the region’s manufacturing jobs and enjoying a comparatively low unemployment rate. Moreover,, efforts are currently underway to expand the economic base of the city by attracting companies that focus on of the creation of innovative technologies. This argument is fallatious primarily for two reasons.To begin with, it is questionable whether the available labor pool in Helios could support corporations of every or any type. Although Helios has attracted many industrial and manufacturing companies in the past, this is not a good indication that the local pool of prospective employees would beinvariably suitable for corporations of other types. For example, the needs of research and development companies would encountrer difficulties if provided with a labor force trained in manufacturing skills. For this reason, it’s unlikely that Helios will be successful in its attempt to attract companies that focus primarily on research and development of new technology.Another problem with the available work force is its size. Due to the low unemployment rate in Helios, corporations that require large numbers of workers may have difficulty in Helios. The fact that few people are searching for work suggests that new corporations will have to either attract outside workers to Heliosor pay the existing workers higher wages in order to compete with workers’ curren t jobs. Neither of these seems enticing to companies seeking to relocate.In conclusion, the author has not successfully provided compelling reasons for selecting Helios as the site for a company wishing to relocate. In fact, the reasons here conversely are better used as reasons for not relocating to Helios.7. The following appeared in the health section of a magazine on trends and lifestyles.“People who use the artificial sweetener aspartame are better off consuming sugar, since aspartame can actually contribute to weight gain rather than weight loss. For example, high levels of aspartame have been shown to trigger a craving for food by depleting the brain of a chemical that registers satiety, or the sense of being full. Furthermore, studies suggest that sugars, if consumed after at least 45 minutes of continuous exercise, actually enhance the body’s ability to burn fat. Consequently, those who drink aspartame-sweetened juices afterexercise will also lose this calorie-burning benefit. Thus it appears that people consuming aspartame rather than sugar are unlikely to achieve their dietary goals.”The author concludes that people trying to lose weight should consume real sugar rather than the artificial sweetener aspartame for numerous reason advantageous to health. The author argues that aspartame causes weight gain by triggering food cravings, whereas sugar catalyzes and enhances the body’s ability to burn fat. While this might be true, these reasons provide partial and insufficient support for the conclusion stated at the end of the article.The first reason that aspartame triggers food cravings is supported by research findings that high levels of aspartame deplete the brain chemical responsible for registering a sense of being (sated, sating充分满足) full. But the generalization based on this research is unreliable as the research was based on a sample in which large amounts of aspartame were administered; however, the author applies the research findings to a target population that includes all aspartame users without indicating the levels of consumption of the artificial sweetener.The evidence that sugar enhances the body’s ability to burn fat is based on studies in which experimental groups, whose members consumed sugar after at least 45 minutes of continuous exercise To the exclusion of other important and relevant factors such as age, weight, lifestyle and demographic evenness. The author’s general claim is extended applies to all dieters who use sugar instead of aspartame, not just to those who use sugar after exercise. Once again, the author’s generalization is unreliable because it is based on a sample that does not represent all dieters.In conclusion, each of the studies cited by the author bases its findings on evidence that does not represent a demographically comparable portion of dieters; for this reason, neither premise of this argument is a reliable generalization.Consequently, I am not convinced that dieters should consume sugar rather than aspartame.8. The following appeared in the editorial section of a corporate newsletter.“The common notion that workers are generally apathetic about management issues is false, or at least outdated: a recently published survey indicates that 79 percent of the nearly 1,200 workers who responded to survey questionnaires expressed a high level of interest in the topics of corporate restructuring and redesign of benefits programs.”A survey among workers states that a high level of interest in the topics of corporate restructuring and redesign of benefits programs exists among a majority of works in the questionnaire. The author concludes that, despite previous assertions, workers are not indfferent regarding management issues. It is argued that since 79 percent of the 1200 workers who responded to the survey expressed interest in these topics, assertion that workers are apathetic about corporate and management concerns is incorrect. The cogency of this argument is problematic in a few ways.Firstly, the statistics used in the editorial is potentially misleading because the total number of workers in the corporation is not stated clearly. If the corporation employs a low number of workers, then 79 percent of the total 1200 respondentsreflects a significant demographic and provides strongsupport for the conclusion. However, if the corporation employs a greater number, for example, 20,000 workers, the conclusion is more dubitable because it does not reflect the viewpoints of a significant number of workers.Another hole in the argument is that it is uncertain whether the respondents’ views represent the views of the majority of the work force. Because the survey has to do with worker indifference, it is logical to say that only less apathetic workers would respond to it and thus inaccurately portraying the overall perspective of the work force. Without knowing the methods of gathering information, it is impossible to determine whether or not this is the case.A third problem with the argument is that it makes a sudden generalization about the nature of the issues in which works are interested. Common sense tells us that workers are obviously interested the redesign of benefits programs, since these issues directly affect the lives of workers. However, it is less fair to assume that workers would be similarly interested issues less relevant to their immediate circumstances, namely ones that affect them less directly or not at all.As it stands, this argument is not convincing. In order to strengthen it, the author must show the workers surveyed account for a significant and demographically representative portion of all workers. Moreover, the author must provide evidence of the interest workers have in other management topics and not just those that affect workers directly.9. The following appeared in the opinion column of a financial magazine.“On average, middle-aged consumers devote 39 percent of their retail expenditure to department store products andservices, while for younger consumers the average is only 25 percent. Since the number of middle-aged people will increase dramatically within the next decade, department stores can expect retail sales to increase significantly during that period. Furthermore, to take advantage of the trend, these stores should begin to replace some of those products intended to attract the younger consumer with products intended to attract the middle-aged consumer.”The assertion that department retail sales will increase over the next 10 years and that department stores should replace current products in order to attract middle-aged consumers is not entirely convincing. The legitimacy and logic of the passage relies on certain crucial assumptions.First of all, the argument deemphasizes the retail expenditure of younger consumers devoted to store products and services. It may be true that younger consumers spend less per person that do middle-aged consumers, but, they might actually spend more in terms of the total amount across the demographic.Even if middle-aged consumers do spend more than younger ones in department stores, the argument brushes aside the possibility that the trend will perhaps change within the next decade. Younger people may prefer to shop indepartment stores rather than in other kinds of stores. This may also be the case with middle-aged consumers. This can potentially lead to a more purchases by young consumers in department stores than by middle-aged consumers.Besides, the argument never touches on the population difference between the middle-aged and younger demographics. If there are more young consumers than the middle-aged consumers now, the young consumer demogaphic will be biggerthan that of the middle-aged consumers, provided both of them grow at the same rate during the next decade. Thus the younger consumer base outpaces its middle-aged counterpart.Based on the reasons above, the argument is not entirely sound although it has some perhaps correct assertions. Ultimately, the evidence supporting the conclusion does little to prove the conclusion since it does not address the assumptions raised in this essay. The argument would be more convincing by making it unequivocal that the absolute population of middle-aged consumers is higher than that of young consumers and also that this number will increase over the next decade. Finally, the author should include that middle-aged consumers will continue to spend more money in department stores than younger consumers over the next decade.10. The following appeared in the editorial section of a local newspaper.“This past winter, 200 students from Waymarsh State Co llege traveled to the state capitol building to protest against proposed cuts in funding for various state college programs. The other 12,000 Waymarsh students evidently weren’t so concerned about their education: they either stayed on campus or left for winter break. Since the group who did not protest is far more numerous, it is more representative of the state’s college students than are the protesters. Therefore the state legislature need not heed the appeals of the protesting students.”The conclusion of the argument is that the state legislature does not need to consider the perspective of protesting students. The author points out that a minority of 200 out of 12,000 students traveled to the state capitol to demonstrate against potential cuts in college programs and funding. The authorconcludes that students not in attendance are consequently not interested in this issue; if they were, then those remaining students would have taken part in this protest,. The reasoning here is flawed for two reasons.First, the author assumes that since only one-tenth of the total student body took part in the protest, these students’ do not represent the entire student body. This assumption is flagrant and hasty. If, perhaps, it turns out that the protesting students were randomly selected from the entire student body, it would be safe to say that their views reflect the views of the entire college. Information regarding the method of selecting or categorizing protesting students is necessary for the cogency of the argument. It is groundless to conclude that their opinions do not reflect the opinions of their peers.Second, the author arbitrarily creates a direct correlation between the remaining 12,000 students who stayed on campus or left for winter break and the dubitable assertion that they are apathetic about their education. One response to this reasoning is that the students who did not participate felt that their concerns would be accurately expressed by the protesting students, who are a small but accurate representation of student sentiment. Regardless, the author has not demonstrated a substantial connection between the students’ perceived apathy and the fact that they either didn’t leave campus or went elsewhere for winter break. The conclusion reached by the author that the remaining 12,000 students are indifferent towards not only their own educational circumstances but also their fellow students’ is not a cogent argument worthy of support.As it is, the argument is not well reasoned. In order to make it logically accurate, the author would have to show that thestudents who did choose to protest had a characteristic biases amongst themselves which obviated their views and their protest as representative of the entire student body.11. The following appeared in the editorial section of a local newspaper.“In the first four years that Montoya has served as mayor of the city of San Perdito, the population has decreased and the unemployment rate has。
GMAT考试作文精品模板推荐(4)
第一段: 选择1In the argument, the author concludes that … T o support his conclusion, the author cites the study indicating that …/the author points out/reasons that … In addition, the author mentions (the evidence) that … Based on this evidence, the author further r ecommends that …(subjunctive动词原形)/recommends …(doing). At first glance, the analysis appears thorough and compelling. However, a close/careful examination reveals various logical flaws which render the author’s line of reasoning questionable.选择2… (陈述同选择1) After a careful examination, I find that the argument, apparently compelling, is not well supported by the evidence.最后一段：选择1By way of conclusion, it seems that the author’s conclusion that … is seriously undermined by the (numerous) flaws in his reasoning identified above. T o substantiate/strengthen the argument, the author would have to provide clear/concrete/solid/credible evidence that … In addition, the author should take into consideration that … Unless these key issues are properly addressed, the argument isn’t sound and convincing.选择2T o sum up, it is imprudent for the author to draw the conclusionthat … solely on the basis of the evidence presented, which is insufficient to lend strong support to what the author claims.// It is clear that the author fails to provide more credible evidence to support his conclusion that … T o make this analysis more thorough, the author must firstly investigate … (sth.) and then provide evidence that (1) … , and (2) … T o better assess/evaluate the argument, I would also need to know whether …各种推理错误：A. 错误地认定某趋势会一直延续下去In the argument, the authors stated that … Although the trend/tendency cited in the study has remained stable for the past 10 years, there is no guarantee that it/the same trend will continue over the next 20 years. The study’s results can hardly be used to predict the future. It is entirely possible/very likely that … If that is the case, … Thus the credibility of the author’s assertion is called into question.Even if the trend given in the argument will be true over the next 20 years, /Even if we grant the preceding assumption that … , /Even supposing that the same trend will continue over the next 20 years, ……B. 错误地认为某一事物的程度大到足以引起某些变化The author attri butes … to the fact that … However, this line of reasoning is problematic, since no evidence is provided concerning the extent/degree to which … Perhaps … Or it is possible that … Either ofthese scenarios, if true, will render this connection worthless/doubtful.C. 错误地认为X就是由Y引起的，忽视了其他可能原因In the argument, the author ascribes X to the fact that/claims that … However, it is not necessarily the case. This alone does not constitute a logical argument in favor of …// Many other factors may equally contribute to the results/could bring out the same results/may account for/affect ... // While … is one way to achieve the results, it is by no means the only way. For instance, … The argument is unsound/unwarranted until such possibilities are taken into account/considered and ruled out. // Without solid evidence linking X to Y, it is presumptuous to suggest that Y is totally responsible for these results.D. 错误地认为Y发生在X前，X就是Y引起的;错误地将同时发生的X与Y认为成由因果联系T o begin with, the author unfairly assumes that … is the cause of sth. cited. The sequence of these events, by themselves, is not sufficient to demonstrate that the former causes the latter because a chronological relationship is only one of the indicators of a causal relationship between two events./ Howeve r, the mere fact that … precedes … is insufficient to conclude that it causes these events. Perhaps … Moreover, … may not necessarily indicate that … It is also highly possible that … No additional evidence linking … and … is offered in the argument, makin g for the possibility that these events are not causally related but merelycoincident.E. 错误的一概适用/横向对比Even if … it does not follow that … According to the author, X is analogous to Y in all respects. A thorough analysis reveals, however, that the differences between X and Y outweigh the similarities, thus making the analogy less than valid. For example, … affect X’s results but are virtually absent in Y. These differences may weaken a conclusion based on the analogy between X and Y /weaken the conclusion that X will suffer from the same fate as Y is.F. 错误地由某些原则/理论推出某一事物应该被重视、被选择Finally, even if … will be true/ is guaranteed, it doesn’t stand that … should/will … The author unfairly applies the general principle to a specific field/industr y. What if … Lacking information about …, it is imprudent for the author to assert that …G. 错误地从某一数据/样本中得出结论… the statistics cited in support of the final conclusion that … could be misleading. Although …, …might spend more in terms of the actua l amount. Therefore there is no way to …【percentage≠the actual amount】【sales≠profits】H. 无端假设Most conspicuously, the argument rests on the gratuitous assumption that… This assumption is weak, since no evidence ispresented to establish that … (opposing possibilities) // This assumption is dubious in two aspects. For one thing, … For another, …以上为大家推荐了一些GMAT作文考试的实用模板，考生可以适当参考，并通过大量的写作练习来逐步提高自己的GMAT作文的写作水平，从而在GMAT考试中取得更好的成绩。
GMAT高分范文100篇（非此即彼逻辑错误）【圣才出品】
GMAT⾼分范⽂100篇（⾮此即彼逻辑错误）【圣才出品】◆⾮此即彼逻辑错误Argument72增加长期通勤乘客使⽤公家车频率的⽅法The following appeared in the editorial section of a local newspaper.“Commuter use of the new subway train is exceeding the transit company’s projections.However,commuter use of the shuttle buses that transport people to the subway stations is below the projected volume.If the transit company expects commuters to ride the shuttle buses to the subway rather than drive there,it must either reduce the shuttle bus fares or increase the price of parking at the subway stations.”Discuss how well reasoned you find this argument.In your discussion be sure to analyze the line of reasoning and the use of evidence in the argument.For example, you may need to consider what questionable assumptions underlie the thinking and what alternative explanations or counterexamples might weaken the conclusion.You can also discuss what sort of evidence would strengthen or refute the argument,what changes in the argument would make it more logically sound, and what,if anything,would help you better evaluate its conclusion.【参考范⽂】The author concludes that the local transit company must either reduce fares for the shuttle buses that transport people to their subway stations or increase parking fees at the stations.The reasons offered to support this conclusion are thatcommuter use of the subway train is exceeding the transit company’s expectations, while commuter use of the shuffle buses is below projected volume.This argument is unconvincing because the author oversimplifies the problem and its solutions in a number of ways.To begin with,by concluding that the transit company must either reduce shuttle fares or increase parking fees,the author assumes that these are the only available solutions to the problem of limited shuttle use.However,it is possible that other factors—such as inconvenient shuttle routing and/or scheduling,safety concerns,or an increase in carpools—contribute to the problem.If so,adjusting fares or parking fees would might not solve the problem.In addition,the author assumes that reducing shuttle fees and increasing parking fees are mutually exclusive alternatives.However,the author provides no reason for imposing an either/or choice.Adjusting both shuttle fares and parking fees might produce better results.Moreover,if the author is wrong in the assumption that parking fees and shuttle fees are the only possible causes of the problem,then the most effective solution might include a complex of policy changes—for example,in shuttle fares,parking fees,rerouting,and rescheduling.In conclusion,this argument is weak because the author oversimplifies both the problem and its possible solutions.To strengthen the argument the author must examine all factors that might account for the shuttle’s unpopularity. Additionally,the author should consider all possible solutions to determine which combination would bring about the greatest increase in shuttle use.【范⽂点评】题⼲中的社论提出下调公交车车票价格或增加地铁站停车场停车费，从⽽解决通勤旅客乘坐地铁情况超出运输公司预计，⽽乘坐公交车通勤旅客数量低于预计的问题。
GMAT优秀作文范文
GMAT优秀作文范文精选Businesses and other organizations have overemphasized the importance of working as a team. Clearly, in any human group, it is the strong individual, the person with the most mitment and energy, who gets things done.企业和其他组织过分强调了团队工作的重要性。
很明显，在任何人类团体里，都是最强的个人，那个具有最多义务和能量的人，把事情完成的。
The relationship between teamwork and individual strength, energy, and mitment is plex; whether they operate in a plementary or antagonistic manner depends on: the goals toward which the traits are directed, the degree of emphasis on teamwork, and the job of the individual within an organization.A persons ability to work effectively in a team is not in consistent per se with personal strength, energy, and mitment. If exercised in a self-serving mannerfor example, through pilfering or back stabbingthese traits can operate against the organization. Conversely, if directed toward the firms goals, these traits can motivate other team members, thereby advancing mon goals. World War II generals Patton and Rommel understood this point and knew how to bring out the best individual qualities in their troops, while at the same time instilling a strong sense of team and mon purpose.Nevertheless, over-emphasizing teamwork can be counterproductive for an organization. A suessful team requires both natural leaders and natural followers; otherwise, a team will aomplish little. Undue emphasis on teamwork may quell initiative among natural leaders,thereby thwarting team goals. Also, teamwork can be overemphasized with a missioned sales force of highlypetitive and autonomic individuals. Overemphasis on teamwork here might stifle healthy petition, thereby defeating a firms objectives. In other organizational areas, however, teamwork is critical. For example, a product-development team must progress in lock-step fashion toward mon goals, such as meeting a rollout deadline.。
关于GMAT优秀作文范文
关于GMAT优秀作文精选范文Demographic trends that indicate an increase in the number of college-aged people over the next ten years lead the author to predict an improved job market for all people seeking college-level teaching positions in their academic disciplines. Moreover, the author argues that since Waymarsh University students with advanced degrees had an especially difficult time finding teaching jobs in the past, these trends portend better times ahead for Waymarsh graduates. This argument is problematic in three important respects.First, the author assumes that an increase in the number of college-aged people over the next decade will necessarily result in an increase in the number of people who attend college during this period. While this is a reasonable assumption, it is by no means a certainty. For example, a world war or economic depression in the next decade would certainly nullify this expectation.Second, even if we grant the preceding assumption, we must also consider the additional assumption that increased university enrollments will lead to an increase in teaching positions in all fields. However, it might turn out that some teaching specialties are in greater demand than others in the future, resulting in a disproportionate number of teaching positions available in various fields.Consequently, persons trained in some fields might find it more difficult, if not impossible, to find teaching jobs in the future.。
作文范文之GMAT作文模板100篇
GMAT作文模板100篇【篇一：gmat作文范例】360教育集团介绍，在gmat作文的备考过程中，考生需要在大量的练习中不断提升自己的逻辑思维能力和语言表达能力，并通过参照模板来改进gmat作文的写作方式，以达到提高gmat作文写作水平的目的。
下面就来为大家提供一些gmat作文的点评以及范例。
题目：10. the following appeared in the editorial section of a local newspaper:“this past winter, 200 students from waymarsh state college traveled to the state capitol building to protest againstproposed cuts in funding for various state college programs. the other 12,000 waymarsh students evidently weren’tso concerned about their education: they either stayed on campus or left for winter break. since the group who didnot protest is far more numerous, it is more representative of the state’s college students than are the protesters.therefore the state legislature need not heed the appeals ofthe protesting students.”逻辑漏洞：1. 文中说另外12000学生对他们的教育不感兴趣，因为他们没参加游行，躲在学校或放假去了。
GMAT优秀作文模板
GMAT优秀作文精选模板Based upon the profitability of the Croesus Company and the fact that it was recently converted from public to private ownership, the author concludes that private ownership is better for businesses than public ownership. I find this argument unconvincingn two respects.In the first place, the evidence the author provides is insufficient to support the conclusion drawn from it. One example is rarely sufficient to establish a general conclusion. Unless it can be shown that Croesus Company is representative of all panies that have converted from public to private ownership, the conclusion that all panies would be more profitable under private ownership is pletely unwarranted. In fact, in the face of such limited evidence it is fallacious to draw any conclusion at all.In the second place, the author assumes that the reason for Croesus profitability was its conversion from public to private ownership. This assumption, however, is not supported in the argument. In the absence of evidence to support this assumption many other explanations for Croesus Companys profitability are possible. For example, its suess may be due to the fact that Croesus has few petitors or because the product or service it provides is unique, or because it has an exceptionally skilled management team.。
关于GMAT优秀作文模板
关于GMAT优秀作文精选模板39. It is difficult for people to achieve professional suess without sacrificing important aspects of a fulfilling personal life.Discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the opinion stated above. Support your views with reasons and/or examples from your own experience, observations, or reading.Are professional suess and a fulfilling personal life mutually exclusive? Probably not, although it is more difficult today to achieve both.Undeniably, todays professionals must work long hours to keep their heads above water , let alone to get ahead in life financially. This is especially true in Japan, where cost of living, coupled with corporate culture, pel professional males to all but abandon their families and literally to work themselves to death. While the situation here in the states may not be as critical, the two-ine family is now the norm, not by choice but by necessity.However, our societys professionals are taking steps to remedy the problem. First, they are inventing wayssuch as job sharing and telemuting to ensure that personal life does not take a backseat to career. Second, they aresetting priorities and living those hours outside the workplace to the fullest. In fact, professional suessusually requires the same time-management skills that are useful to find time for family, hobbies, and recreation. One need only look at the recent American presidentsClinton, Bush, Reagan, and Carterto see that it is possible to leada balanced life which includes time for family, hobbies,and recreation, while immersed in a busy and suessful career. Third, more professionals are changing careers to ones which allow for some degree of personal fulfillmentand self-actualization . Besides, many professionals truly love their work and would do it without pensation, as a hobby. For them, professional fulfillment and personal fulfillment are one and the same .。
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附录GMAT写作高分模板与针对性黄金句型◆简化结构模板(Sample template for the first paragraph)The author concludes that________,because________.The author's line of reasoning is that________.This argument is unconvincing for several reasons;it is________and it uses_________.(First Body Paragraph)First of all,________is based upon the questionable assumption________that _________,however,___________.In addition,________.(Second Body Paragraph)Secondly,the author assumes that_________.Nevertheless,__________.It seems equally reasonable to assume that__________.(Third Body Paragraph)Thirdly,_________.The author fails to consider________.For instance,________. Because the author's argument___________.(Final Paragraph)In conclusion,I agree that________.However,__________.◆详细内容模板（该模板仅供参考，考生可根据实际情况对内容进行取舍）（一）In this argument the author reaches the conclusion that....The basis for this recommendation is that....An additional reason given in support of this recommendation is that...(The author cites...as an example in support of this recommendation).At first glance,the author's argument appears to be somewhat convincing,but further reflection reveals that it omits some important concerns that should be addressed to substantiate the argument.In the first place,the argument has also committed a false analogy fallacy.The argument rests on the assumption that A is analogous to B in all respects,and the author assumes without justification that all things are equal,and that the background conditions have remained the same at different times or at different locations.There is,however,no guarantee that this is the case.Nor does the author cite any evidence to support this cking this assumption,the conclusion that…is entirely unfounded.In fact,it is highly doubtful that the facts drawn from B are applicable to A.Differences between A and B clearly out weightthe similarities,thus making the analogy highly less than valid.For example, A...however,B....Thus,it is likely much more difficult for B to do...In addition,the conclusion unjustifiably relies on the poll while the validity of the survey itself is doubtful.The poll cited by the author is too vague to be informative. The claim does not indicate who,when,how and by whom the survey is conducted, neither does it mention what is the sample size,or how the samples are selected. Until these questions are answered the results are worthless as evidence to support that….Besides,the author assumes that A and B are mutually exclusive alternatives. However,the author has never offered any reasons or evidences for imposing an either/or mon sense and observation tells us that adjoining both A and B might produce better results.To sum up,the conclusion lacks credibility because the evidence cited in the analysis does not lend strong support to what the author claims.To make the argument more convincing concerning…the arguer would have to provide more information that...The arguer should also demonstrate that...to make this argument logically acceptable.（二）In this argument,the author concludes that...To support his conclusion,the authorpoints out that...In addition,the author reasons that...Further more,he also assumes that...At first glance,the author’s argument appears to be somehow appealing,while a close examination will reveal how groundless it is.We do not have to look very far to see the invalidity of this argument.This argument is problematic for the following reasons.In the first place,this argument rests on a gratuitous assumption that...The author unfairly assumes that...However,the assumption is questionable because the author provides no evidence to support this argument.The arguer fails to take into account other facts that might contribute to the result that...It is likely that...;it is also likely that...Any of these scenarios,if true,would show that...Therefore,this argument is unwarranted without ruling out such possibility.In the second place,the argument commits a logic fallacy of“after this and therefore because of this...In no case can the mere fact that…be cited as evidence to support the assumption that there is a causal-effect relationship between A and B. Moreover,that just because B can be statistically correlated with A does not necessarily mean that A is the cause of B.In fact,the author has obviously neglected the possibility of other alternative facts such as...or...may contribute to a certain extent to B.It may be only a coincidence that...Unless the author can rule out other factors relevant to...this assumption in question can not be accepted.In the third place,the evidence that the author provides is insufficient to support the conclusion drawn from it.One example is rarely sufficient to establish a general conclusion.Unless the arguer can show that A1is representative of all A,the conclusion that B...is completely unwarranted.In fact,in face of such limited evidence,it is fallacious to draw any conclusion at all.Since the author commits the above mentioned logical mistakes and fails to consider the whole situation comprehensively,his ideas should not be adopted. The conclusion would be strengthened if he...In conclusion,the arguer fails to substantiate his claim that...Because the evidence cited in the analysis does not lend strong support to what the arguer claims.To strengthen the argument,the arguer must convince us that...In addition,the arguer could have to provide more precise information to support his claim.如果时间紧急，只有一两分钟的结尾套路：1.To conclusion,the argument Is not persuasive as It stands,before we accept the claim,the arguer must provide more substantial facts to prove that…2.In summary,the conclusion reached In this argument Is Invalid and misleading, to make the argument more convincing,the arguer would have to prove that…moreover,I would suspend my judgement about the credibility of the recommendation until the arguer can provide more concrete and reliable evidence.◆针对常见逻辑错误的黄金句型1.因果关系逻辑错误●无因果关系The author commits a fallacy of causal oversimplification.The line of the reasoning is that because A occurred before B,the former event is responsible for the latter. (The author uses the positive correlation between A and B to establish causality. However,the fact that A coincides with B does not necessarily prove that A caused B.)But this is fallacious reasoning unless other possible causal explanations have been considered and ruled out.For example,perhaps C is the cause of these events or perhaps B is caused by D.●后此谬误（以事情发生时间前后来推出因果关系）This argument commits a fallacy of“post hoc,ergo propter hoc/cum hoc,ergo propter hoc”.The mere fact that A preceded/coincided with B is insufficient to establish a casual relationship between these two events.Many other reasons,such as…could just as likely account for A.The author’s failure to consider and eliminate。