2015职称英语考试卫生类新增文章
2015年职称英语考试文章及译文卫生类完形填空
Life Expectancy in the Last Hundred YearsA hundred years ago，life expectancy in developed countries was about47:in the early21st century,men in the United States and the United Kingdom can expect to live to about74.Women to about80,and these_____l_____are rising all the time.What has brought_____2_____these changes?When we look at the life_____3_____of people l00years ago,we need to look at the greatest_____4_____of the time.In the early20th century, these were the acute and often_____3_____infectious diseases such as smallpox.Many children died very young from these diseases and others,and the weak and elderly were always at risk.In the_____6_____world these diseases are far_____7_____today,and in some cases have almost disappeared.A number of_____8_____have led to this:improvements in sanitation and hygiene,the discovery and use of antibiotics, which_____9_____bacterial diseases much less dangerous,and vaccinations_____l0_____common diseases._____11_____, people's general health has improved with improvements in our general environment:cleaner air,better means of preserving food，better and warmer housing，and better understanding of nutrition.Genetically，we should all be able to live to about85 but_____l2_____people do live longer today,there are still some big killers around that are preventing US from consistently reaching that age.The problems that affect people today are the more chronic illnesses,such as heart disease and strokes,and those_____l3_____by viruses,such as influenza and AIDS l.Of course,cancer is a huge killer as well.In most cases these diseases affect_____l4_____people,but there are worrying trends in the developed world with problems such as obesity_____l5_____more heart disease and illnesses such as diabetes at younger ages.The killers today can be classed as"lifestyle diseases"，which means that it may be possible to halt their progress.词汇：expectancy n.预期acute aaj.(疾病)急性的infectious adj.传染性的smallpox n.天花sanitation n.环境卫生hygiene n.个人卫生antibiotic n.抗生素bacterial adj.细菌性的vaccination n.种痘，接种preserve vt.保藏，防止(食物)腐烂nutrition n.营养chronic aaj.(疾病)慢性的stroke n.中风virus n.病毒influenza n.流行性感冒trend n.趋势，倾向obesity n.肥胖diabetes n.糖尿病halt vt.使...停止注释：Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome(AIDS)：艾滋病，后天性免疫缺乏综合症练习：1.A ages B years C lives D countries2.A in B about C to D with3.A length B time C duration D span4.A people B killers C invention D nation5.A more B less C high D highly6.A developed B less developed C undeveloped D developing7.A more deadly B deadly C1ess deadly D fatal8.A improvements B factors C jobs D measures9.A makes B causes C make D from10.A against B for C to D cause11.A And B Therefore C In addition D Nevertheless12.A when B yet C however D while13.A spread B affected C produced D created14.A poor B weak C older D young15.A and B leading to C from D with答案与题解：1.A通过上下文可知此处应为"年龄".2.B bring about意思是"带来"，bring in意为赚取，实现(一定利润)，没有bring to这个短语，如果用with，此句话必须变成what has it brought with these changes才符合语法，但意思就不符合文章了。
2015全国职称英语等级考试必看卫生类阅读理解译文
2015全国职称英语等级考试必看_卫生类__阅读理解__译文第四部分阅读理解第一部分 (ABC级)第一篇第一篇：纳米保健技术走向贫困国家纳米技术的应用对象都是分子级和原子级的物质。
如今，长度为一纳米，即十亿分之一米的粒子已被开发出多种用途，如制造美容产品和抗污型服装等。
但其中一个领域科学家认为潜力尤为巨大，那就是医药领域。
•在上周于华盛顿Woodrow Wilson国际中心召开的一个项目会议上，科学家们探讨了如何将纳米技术应用于贫困国家人口保健的事宜。
来自多伦多大学的Peter Singer声称一项名为量子点的纳米技术可被应用于疟疾的诊断。
相对于传统的仅用显微镜观察血液样本的方法，此技术要先进得多。
由于贫困国家往往没有条件应用此项新技术，许多健康人被误诊为疟疾患者，而药物的滥用又导致了抗药性的产生。
所谓量子点是指一些被激活后会发光的粒子，如今科学家正在研究为它们编程的方法，以便当靶分子存在的时候就能够通过发光来诊断疾病。
纳米技术的优越性不光体现在疾病的诊断，还包括疾病的治疗。
国立卫生研究所的Piotr Grodzinski与大家共同探讨了如何运用纳米技术来增强药效。
以一些已经使用了纳米技术的抗癌药物为例，他指出，如果药物可以针对癌症病灶而不是整个人体，治疗所需药量就会大大减少，副作用也会降低。
Andrew Maynard是Woodrow Wilson中心新兴的纳米技术工程部骨干科学家，他注意到巴西、印度、中国及南非正在开发可被贫困国家所应用的纳米技术。
与此同时他指出，与较大分子不同，纳米材料的颗粒在人体内和体外环境中的作用可能有所不同，因此纳米技术的应用存在一定风险，若要深入研究这些风险则需要更大的资金投入。
第二篇：医学期刊医学杂志医学杂志是向医生和其他医务人员提供医学信息的出版物。
在过去，这些杂志只有印刷版。
随着电子出版的发展，许多医学杂志现在都有网站了，有些杂志只有网络版。
少数的医学杂志，如《美国医学会杂志》，被看做是普通医学杂志，因为它们涵盖了医学的许多领域。
2015年职称英语卫生类C级真题
第4部分：阅读理解（第31-45题，每题3分，共45分）下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题，请根据短文内容，为每题确定1个最佳选项。
第二篇Better Control of TB Seen If a Faster Cure Is Found（取自卫生教材完形填空第1篇）原文The World Health Organization estimates that about one-third of all people are infected with bacteria that cause tuberculosis. Most times, the infection remains inactive. But each year about eight million people develop active cases of TB, usually in their lungs. Two million people die of it. The disease has increased with the spread of AIDS and drug-resistant forms of tuberculosis.Current treatments take at least six months. Patients have to take a combination of several antibiotic drugs daily. But many people stop as soon as they feel better. Doing that can lead to an infection that resists treatment. Public health experts agree that a faster-acting cure for tuberculosis would be more effective. Now a study estimates just how effective it might be. A professor of international health at Harvard University led the study. Joshua Salomon says a shorter treatment program would likely mean not just more patients cured. It would also mean fewer infectiouspatients who can pass on their infection to others.The researchers developed a mathematical model to examine the effects of a two-month treatment plan. They tested the model with current TB conditions in Southeast Asia. The scientists found that a two-month treatment could prevent about twenty percent of new cases. And it might prevent about twenty-five percent of TB deaths. The model shows that these reductions would take place between two thousand twelve and two thousand thirty. That is, if a faster cure is developed and in wide use by two thousand twelve.The World Health Organization developed the DOTS program in nineteen ninety. DOTS is Directly Observed Treatment, Short-course. Health workers watch tuberculosis patients take their daily pills to make sure they continue treatment.Earlier this year, an international partnership of organizations announced a plan to expand the DOTS program. The ten-year plan also aims to finance research into new TB drugs. The four most common drugs used now are more than forty years old. The Global Alliance for TB Drug Development says its long-term goal is a treatment that could work in as few as ten doses.答案。
2015年综合类职称英语新增文章
2015年综合类职称英语新增文章注释1. …create a film over the eye ’s surface ：……在眼睛的表面形成一层薄膜。
2. …get it back …：……恢复……3. …act out the whole situation again …：……整个场景重现…… 练习A It may explain why people who are afraid to cry often suffer more h eart attacks than people cry more freely.BIts good to hold back tears during a tense business discussion.C Crying has good effects on the body.D Even when you're not crying, your eyes produce tears.E They practice crying so that they can get used to expressing emotio n.F As children we were sometimes punished for shedding tears or expres sing anger.答案与题解1. D 此空的上一句讲到眼泪很有用，后一句讲到眼泪的具体用处，并且句首是these，所以所填的这句应该有眼泪，根据上下文只有选项D最适合。
选项C与前一句话意思重复。
综合群385443831；理工群385448628；卫生群3854190922. F 下文提到作为成人，我们仍然害怕流泪，所填的这句应该讲我们还是孩子时对流泪的恐惧。
所以，答案是选项F。
3. A 上文讲到哭能够帮助我们发泄心中的强烈情感，所以经常哭的人会比不常哭的人获得某种益处，根据上下文，只有选项A比较贴切。
2015年职称英语卫生类阅读理解文章精选
Is the Tie a Necessity?Ties,or neckties,have been a symbol of politeness and elegance in Britain for centuries.But the casual Prime Minister Tony Blair has problems with them.Reports suggest that even the civil servants may stop wearing ties.So,are the famously formal British really going to abandon the neckties？st week,the UK's Cabinet Secretary Andrew Turnbull openly welcomed a tieless era.He hinted that civil servants would soon be tree of the costliest12inches of fabric that most men ever buy in their lives.In fact,Blair showed this attitude when he had his first guests to a cocktail party.Many of them were celebrities without ties,which would have been unimaginable even in the recent past.For some more conservative British,the tie is a must for proper appearance.Earlier,Labor leader Jim Callaghan said he would have died rather than have his children seen in public without a tie.For people like Callaghan,the tile was a sign of being complete,of showing respect.Men were supposed to wear a tie when going to church,to work in the office,to a party-almost every social occasion.But today,people have begun to accept a casual style even forformal occasions.The origin of the tie is tricky.It started as something called simply a"band".The term could mean anything around a man's neck.It appeared in finer ways in the1630s.Frenchmen showed a love of this particular fashion statement.Their neckwear （颈饰）impressed Charles II,the king of England who was exiled （流放）to France at that time.When he returned to England in 1660,he brought this new fashion item along with him.It wasn't,however,until the late18th century that fancy young men introduced a more colorful,flowing piece of cloth that eventually became known as the tie.Then,clubs military institutions and schools began to use colored and patterned ties to indicate the wearer's membership in the late19th century.After that,the tie became a necessary item of clothing for British gentlemen.But now,even gentlemen are getting tired of ties.Anyway,the day feels a bit easier when you wake up without having to decide which tie suits you and your mood.31.The tie symbolizes all of the following exceptA.respectB.eleganceC.politenessD.democracy32.Why does Blair sometimes show up in a formal event withouta tie？A.Because he wants to make a show，B.Because he wants to attract attention.C.Because ties are costly.D.Because he wants to live in a casual way.33.Which of the following is NOT a social occasion？A.Going to church.B.Going to work in the office.C.Staying at home.D.Going to a party.34.Who brought the Frenchmen's neckwear to Britain？A.Tony Blair.B.Charles ll.C.Jim Callaghan.D.Andrew Turnbull.35.When did British gentlemen begin to wear ties regularly？A.After the late19th century.B.In the1630s.C.In1660.D.In the late18th century.参考答案：DDCBANatural MedicineSince earliest days,humans have used some kinds of medicines.We know this because humans have survived.Ancient treatments for injury and disease were successful enough to keep humans from dying out completely.They were successful long before the time of modern medicine.Before the time of doctors with white coats and shiny(发亮的)instruments.Before the time of big hospitals with strange and wonderful equipment.Many parts of the world still do not have university-educated doctors.Nor do they have expensive hospitals.Yet injuries are treated.And diseases are often cured,how?By ancient methods.By medicines that might seem mysterious,even magical(有魔力的).Traditional medicines are neither mysterious nor magical,however.Through the centuries,tribal(部落的)medicine men experimented with plants.They found many useful chemicals in the plants.And scientists believe many of these traditional medicines may provide the cure for some of today's most serious diseases. Experts say almost80%of the people in the world use plants for health care.These natural medicines are used not justbecause people have no other form of treatment.They are used because people trust them.In developed areas,few people think about the source of the medicines they buy in a store.Yet many widely-used medicines are from ancient sources,especially plants.Some experts say more than25%of modern medicines come,in one way or another,from nature.Scientists have long known that nature is really a chemical factory.All living things contain chemicals that help them survive.So scientists'interest in traditional medicine is not new.But it has become an urgent concern.This is because the earth's supply of natural medicines may be dropping rapidly.36.The passage indicates that ancient treatments for injury and disease wereA.much more successful than modern ones.B.successful in all cases.C.successful enough for humans to surviveD.of little help to humans37.Which of the following statements is NOT true?A.Many big and modern hospitals are expensive.B.Modern medicines are now available all over the world.C.Traditional medicines are neither mysterious nor magical.D.Humans have used some kinds of medicines since earliest days.38.It is believed by scientists that traditional medicineA.can cure all kinds of diseasesB.are no longer useful for modern menC.may cure some of today's most serious diseases.D.are too cheap to be useful39.What do the majority of the people in the world use for health care?A.plantsB.factory-produced chemicalsC.modern medicinesD.strange and wonderful equipment40.It can be seen from the passage that the earth's supply of natural medicinesA.may never be exhaustedB.is surprisingly bigC.may be dropping rapidlyD.is as rich as ever参考答案：CBCACA proverb allegedly(据说)from ancient China was widely spread in the West:"If you want to be happy for a few hours,go to get drunk；if you want the happiness to last three years,get married:if you want a lifetime happiness,take upgardening."The reason for the last option is this:Gardening is not only useful；it helps you to identify yourself with nature,and thus brings you new joy each day besides improving your health.A research of a US university that I've read gives a definition of happiness as what makes a person feel comfortably pleased.To put it specifically,happiness is an active state of mind where one thinks one's life is meaningful,satisfactory and comfortable.This should be something lasting rather than transitory.Lots of people regard it the happiest to be at leisure.But according to the study,it is not a person with plenty of leisure but one at work that feels happy,especially those busy with work having little time for leisure.Happiness does not spell gains one is after but a desire to harvest what one is seeking for.People often do not cherish what they already have but yearn for what they cannot get.That is somewhat like a man indulging in dreams of numerous lovers while reluctant to settle down with the woman beside him.Happiness is a game balancing between two ends——what one has and what one wishes for,i.e.one's dream and the possibility to realize it.The study comes to this conclusion:A happy man isone who aims high but never forgets his actual situation;one who meets challenges that tap his ability and potentiality;one who is proud of his achievements and the recognition given to him.He has self-respect and self-confidence;treasures his own identity and loves freedom.He is sociable and enjoys wide-range communication with others;he is helpful and ready to accept assistance.He knows he is able to endure sufferings and frustrations;he is sensible enough to get fun from daily chores.He is a man capable of love and passion.41.Gardening can bring lifelong happiness becauseA.it is a profitable business.B.it can improve a gardener's ability to remake nature.C.a gardener can enjoy a very happy relationship in marriage.D.nature is an unexhausted source of joy正确答案:D42.The research of the US university found that most people feel happy when theyA.are at leisure.B.take the job of gardening.C.are after their goals.D.own great properties.正确答案:C43.Why does the writer mention"a man indulging in dreams of numerous lovers"(Lines5——6,Para.3）？A.To demonstrate the problem in marriage in modern society.B.To illustrate a radical way to achieve happiness.C.To criticize those who do not value what they already have.D.To indicate that happiness covers something besides the desire to gain正确答案:D44.What kind of person is more likely to be unhappy according to the study？A.The one who has self-respect and confidence.B.The one who is ambitious without consideration of his actual situation.C.The one who can take pleasure in communicating with others.D.The one who are ready to render help and accept help from others.正确答案:B45.What is happiness？A.A transitory state of mind.B.Getting everything what one desires.C.An all-working and no-leisure life.D.A desire based on our actual situation.正确答案:DModern scientists divide the process of dying into two phases--clinical or temporary death and biological death.Clinical death occurs when the vital organs,such as the heart or lungs.have cease to function,but have not suffered permanent damage.The organism can still be revived(复活).Biological death Occurs when changes in the organism lead to the“breaking up”of vital cells and tissues.Death is then unchangeable and final.Scientists have been seeking a way to prolong the period of clinical death so that the organism can remain alive before biological death occurs.The best method developed so far involves cooling of the organism,combined with narcotic(麻醉的)sleep.By slowing down the body’s metabolism(新陈代谢),cooling delays the processes leading to biological death. To illustrate how this works,scientists performed an experiment on a six-year-old female monkey called Keta.The scientist put Keta to sleep with a narcotic.Then they surrounded her body with ice bags and began checking her body temperature.When it had dropped to28degrees the scientists began draining blood from an artery(动脉).The monkey’s blood pressure decreased and an hour later both the heart andrespiration stopped:clinical death set in.For twenty minutes Keta remained in this state.Her temperature dropped to22 degrees.At this point the scientists pumped blood into an artery in the direction of the heart and started artificial respiration.After two minutes Keta’s heart become active once more.After fifteen minutes,spontaneous(自然产生的) respiration began,and after four hours Keta opened her eyes and lifted her head.After six hours,when the scientists tried to give her a penicillin injection,Keta seized the syringe(注射器)and ran with it around the room.Her behavior differed little from that of a healthy animal.1.Which of the following statements about the person who suffers from the clinical death is true.A.He still has the possibility of getting back to life.B.He is dead forever.C.Most of his important organs have been damaged permanently.D.Most of the important organs can go on functioning with little damage正确答案:A2.Why do scientists try to make the time of clinical death longerA.They want to slow down the process of metabolism.B.They want to bring the damaged cells and tissues back to life.C.They want to delay the coming of biological death.D.They want to save more time to cool the organs正确答案:C3.How did the scientists put the monkey into clinical deathA.By pumping blood into an artery in the direction of the heart.B.By surrounding her body with ice bags for a long time.C.By stopping her respiration and draining her blood.D.By putting her to sleep,lowering her temperature and draining her blood正确答案:D4.How long was Keta in the state of clinical deathA.2minutes.B.20minutes.C.4hours.D.6hours.正确答案:B5.What happened to the monkey when she was restored to the original state againA.Her metabolism was slower than ever before.B.She was willing to have the penicillin injection.C.She acted as lively as a healthy monkey.D.Her heartbeat was not so strong as before正确答案:CKnittingMy mother knew how to knit(编织),but she never taught me.She assumed,as did many women of her generation,that knitting was no longer a skill worth passing down from mother to daughter.A combination of feminism and consumerism made many women feel that such homely accomplishments were now out of date.My Grandmother still knitted,though,and every Christmas she made a pair of socks for my brother and me,of red wool.They were the ones we wore under our ice skates(冰鞋),when it was really important to have warm feet.Knitting is a nervous habit that happens to be productive.It helped me quit smoking by giving my hands something else to do.It is wonderful for depression because no matter what else happens,you are creating something beautiful.Time spent in front of the television or just sitting is no longer time wasted.I love breathing life into the patterns.It's true magic,findinga neglected,dog-eared old book with the perfect snowflake design,buying the same Germantown wool my grandmother used,in the exact blue to match my daughter's eyes;taking it on thetrain with me every day for two months,working enthusiastically to get it done by Christmas,staying up late after the stockings are filled to sew in the sleeves and weave in the ends. Knitting has taught me patience.I know that if I just keep going,even if it takes months,there will be a reward.When I make a mistake,I know that anger will not fix it,that I just have to go back and take out the stitches between and start over again.People often ask if I would do it for money,and the answer is always a definite no.In the first place,you could not pay me enough for the hours I put into a sweater.But more important,this is an activity I keep separate from such considerations.I knit to cover my children and other people I love in warmth and color.I knit to give them something earthly that money could never buy.Knitting gives my life an alternative rhythm to the daily deadline.By day I can write about Northern Ireland or the New York City Police Department and get paid for it,but on the train home,surrounded by people with laptops,I stage my little rebellion:I take out my old knitting bag and join the centuries of women who have knitted for love.11.Why did many women feel that knitting was out of date?A.Because their mothers didn't teach them.B.Because they were influenced by feminism and consumerismC.Because they were feminists.D.Because they were consumerists.12.The author wore the red socks her grandmother had knitted for herA.when she went to school.B.when she went sightseeing.C.when she celebrated Christmas.D.when she went skating.13.The word"quit"in Paragraph2is closest in meaning toA."give up".B."speed up".C."slow down".D."build up".14.According to the passage，which of the following statements about knitting is NOT true?A.Knitting helps one get rid of bad habits.B.Knitting helps one get free from a bad mood.C.Knitting requires patience.D.Knitting is a profit-making business.15.Which of the following is NOT the writer's purpose ofknitting?A.To save money.B.To make full use of her leisure time.C.To enrich her life.D.To show her love for the family.参考答案：BDADA。
2015职称英语卫生类A级考试补全短文练习题
2015职称英语卫生类A级考试补全短文练习题Arthritis(关节炎) is an illness that can cause pain and swelling in your bones. Toads(蟾蜍), a big problem in the north of Australia, are suffering from painful arthritis in their legs and backbone, a new study has shown. The toads that jump the fastest are more likely to be larger and to have longer legs. 46_________.The large yellow toads, native to South and Central America, were introduced into the north-eastern Australian state of Queensland in 193S in an attempt to stop beetles and other insects from destroying sugarcane crops. Now up to 200 million of the poisonous toads exist in the country, and they are rapidly spreading through the state of Northern Territory at a rate of up to 60 km a year. The toads can now be found across more than one million square kilometers. 47_________. A Venezuelan poison virus was tried in the 1990s but had to be abandoned after it was found to also kill native frog species.The toads have severely affected ecosystems in Australia. Animals, and sometimes pets, that eat the toads die immediately from their poison, and the toads themselves eat anything they can fit inside their mouth. 48_________.A co-author of the new study, Rick Shine, a professor at the University of Sydney, says that little attention has been given to the problems that toads face. Rick and his colleagues studied nearly 500 toads from Queensland and theNorthern Territory and found that those in the latter state were very different. They were active, sprinting down roads and breeding quickly.According to the results of the study, the fastest toads travel nearly one kilometre a night. 49_________. But speed and strength come at a price — arthritis of the legs and backbone due to constant pressure placed on them.In laboratory tests, the researchers found that after about 15 minutes of hopping, arthritic toads would travel less distance with each hop(跳跃). 50_________. These toads are so programmed to move, apparently, that even when in pain the toads travelled as fast and as far as the healthy ones, continuing their relentless march across the landscape.A. Toads with longer legs move faster and travel longer distances, while the others are being left behind.B. But arthritis didn’t slow down toads outside the laboratory, the researchers found.C. Furthermore, they soon take over the natural habitats of Australia’s native species.D. The task now facing the country is how to remove the toads.E. But this advantage also has a big drawback — up to 10% of the biggest toads suffer from arthritis.F. Toads are not built to be road runners — they are built to sit around ponds and wet areas.参考答案：46.E 47.C 48D 49.A 50.B更多职称英语考试免费资料请访问“新东方在线职称英语频道”。
2015年职称英语考试卫生类阅读练习及答案
2015年职称英语考试卫生类阅读练习及答案Chronic diseases are the leading cause of death in the world.Yet health experts say these conditions are often the most preventable.Chronic diseases include heart disease,stroke,cancer,diabetes(糖尿病)and lung disorders.The World Health Organization says chronic diseases lead to about seventeen million early deaths each year.This United Nations agency expects more than three hundred eighty million people to die of chronic diseases by two thousand fifteen.It says about eighty percent of the deaths will happen in developing nations.The WHO says chronic diseases now cause two-thirds of all deaths in the Asia-Pacific area.In ten years it could be almost three-fourths.People are getting sick in their most economically productive years.In fact,experts say chronic diseases are killing more middle-aged people in poorer countries than in wealthier ones.The WHO estimates that chronic diseases will cost China alone more than five hundred thousand million dollars in the next ten years.That estimate represents the costs of medical treatment and lost productivity.Russia and lndia are also expected to face huge economic losses.Kim Hak-Su is the head of the United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the st ween in Bangkok he presented a WHOreport on the problem.It says deaths from chronic diseases have increased largely as the result of economic gains in many countries.The report details the latest findings from nine countries.They include Brazil,Britain,Canada,China,India and Nigeria.The others are Pakistan,Russia and Tanzania.Mister Kim says infectious and parasitic(寄生的)diseases have until recently been the main killers in Asia and the Pacific.But he says they are no longer the major cause of death in most countries.Health officials say as many as eighty percent of deaths from chronic diseases could be prevented.They say an important tool for governments is to restrict the marketing of alcohol and tobacco to young people.Also,more programs are needed to urge healthy eating and more physical activity.UN officials aim through international action to reduce chronic-disease deaths by two percent each year through two thousand fifteen.They say meeting that target could save thirty-six million lives.That includes twenty-five million in Asia and the Pacific.1.How many people in developing countries will probably die of chronic diseases by 2015?A.More than 17 million.B.More than 380 million.C.More than 304 million.D.More than 25 million.2.Due to chronic diseases China will have to faceA.great pressure from other countries.B.a limited economic market.C.a shortage of the labor force.D.huge economic losses.3.Which can NOT be learned from the passage?A.Many chronic-disease deaths are preventable.B.Chronic diseases are the major cause of death in most countries.C.Chronic diseases are killing more middle-aged people than elderly people.D.Eonomic gains in many countries have contributed to chronic-disease deaths.4.Until recently the main killers in Asia and the Pacific have beenA.economic gains.B.lost productivity.C.chronic diseases.D.infectious and parasitic diseases.5.Which is NOT mentioned as a way to prevent chronic-disease deaths?A.Timely medical treatment.B.Healthy eating.C.More physical activity.D.Reduction in drinking and smoking.参考答案：C D C D A更多职称英语考试免费资料请访问“新东方在线职称英语频道”。
2015年职称英语卫生类新增文章
2015年职称英语卫生类新增文章2015年职称英语教材已全面上市，第一考试网为大家整理了职称英语教材卫生类变化信息，希望能对大家的备考有所帮助，祝大家考试顺利！2015年职称英语教材卫生类的变动比较小，一共只有5篇新增文章。
2015年职称英语教材卫生类新增的5篇文章，分布在阅读判断、阅读理解和补全短文：阅读判断综合A新增一篇文章；阅读理解卫生C新增一篇文章；补全短文卫生A、B和C各新增一篇文章。
完形填空卫生类整体都没有新增文章。
2015年卫生类职称英语教材新增文章的对比目录如下：第五篇 Tracking Down HIVIn the summer of 1980, a patient had a strange purplish spot removed from below his ear. I t was Kaposi’s sarcoma, a rare form of skin cancer. This patient also had lymph node swelling and exhaustion. In November 1980, a Los Angeles immunologist examined a young man who had diseases linked to immune system malfunctions. The doctor had a T-cell count taken of the patient’s blood. T-cells are a type of white blood cell that plays a key role1 in immune responses. The patient had no helper T-cells.By the end of 1980, 55 Americans were diagnosed with infections related to immune system breakdown; four had died. A year later the death toll was 74. Intravenous drug users had T-cell abnormalities. People who had received blood transfusions showed symptoms of immune system breakdown. By July 1982, 471 cases of the disease, now called Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS), had been reported; 184 people had died.In April 1984, American virologist Dr. Robert Gallo isolated the pathogen, or disease producer, responsible for2 AIDS. He called it HTLV-III. In Paris, Dr. Luc Montagnier identified a virus he called LAV. An international panel of scientists determined that both men had found the same virus. It became known as Human Immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Blood banks began screening for HTV in 1985, but by then about 29,000 people had been infected through blood transfusions. Some 12,000 hemophiliacs had contracted HIV through blood-clotting products. By 1995, 477,900 Americans had AIDS; 295,500 had died.In 1996, researchers announced drugs that reduced HIV in infected people. Today scientists are testing vaccines and believe that if HIV can be suppressed, then perhaps it can be eradicated3, but it is still a race against time.词汇：spot n. 地点，斑点，斑块，青春痘lymph n. 淋巴结sarcoma n. 肿瘤，肉瘤，恶性毒瘤exhaustion n. 衰竭，耗尽，精疲力竭immunologist n. 免疫学家malfunction n. 故障，失灵，疾病count n. 计数，计算infection n. 传染病，感染breakdown n. 故障，衰弱，崩溃toll n. 代价，死亡人数intravenous drug n. 静脉注射药物abnormalities n. (abnormality的复数形式)畸形，异常情况blood transfusion n. 输血symptom n. 症状virologist n. 病毒学家virus n. 病毒panel n. 座谈小组，仪表板hemophiliac n. 血友病患者vaccine n. 疫苗注释：1.play a key role...扮演一个关键角色，有至关重要的作用2.be responsible for...对……负责，是……的原因3.can be eradicated可以被根除的练习：1. This passage is mainly about ____.A. the spreading of the disease known as HIVB. the work of Dr. Robert GalloC. infectious diseasesD. the symptoms of HIV2. A T-cell is a ____.A. patient’s bloodB. deadly strain of tuberculosisC. white blood cell important in providing immunity to diseaseD. red blood cell3. The final paragraph leads the reader to see that scientists ____.A. have no hope in ever finding a cure for HIVB. have hope that a cure for HIV will be foundC. have run out of time to find a cure for HIVD. are in a contest against each other to find a cure for HIV4. The basic pattern used to develop this passage is ____.A. chronological orderB. personal narrativeC. comparison and contrastD. question and answer5. The word u eradicated the last paragraph means ____.A. made extremeB. celebratedC. remove by rubbingD. gotten rid of entirely答案与题解：1.A 从开篇的病例介绍，到后面感染人数的不断上升可以推断出，这篇文章的主旨是讲艾滋病病毒在美国的传播。
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第五篇Tracking Down HIVIn the summer of 1980, a patient had a strange purplish spot removed from below his ear. It was Kaposi’s sarcoma, a rare form of skin cancer. This patient also had lymph node swelling and exhaustion. In November 1980, a Los Angeles immunologist examined a young man who had diseases linked to immune system malfunctions. The doctor had a T-cell count taken of the patient’s blood. T-cells are a type of white blood cell that plays a key role1 in immune responses. The patient had no helperT-cells.By the end of 1980, 55 Americans were diagnosed with infections related to immune system breakdown; four had died. A year later the death toll was 74. Intravenous drug users had T-cell abnormalities. People who had received blood transfusions showed symptoms of immune system breakdown. By July 1982, 471 cases of the disease, now called Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS), had been reported; 184 people had died.In April 1984, American virologist Dr. Robert Gallo isolated the pathogen, or disease producer, responsible for2 AIDS. He called it HTLV-III. In Paris, Dr. Luc Montagnier identified a virus he called LAV. An international panel of scientists determined that both men had found the same virus. It became known as Human Immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Blood banks began screening for HTV in 1985, but by then about 29,000 people had been infected through blood transfusions. Some 12,000 hemophiliacs had contracted HIV through blood-clotting products. By 1995, 477,900 Americans had AIDS; 295,500 had died.In 1996, researchers announced drugs that reduced HIV in infected people. Today scientists are testing vaccines and believe that if HIV can be suppressed, then perhaps it can be eradicated3, but it is still a race against time.词汇：spot n. 地点，斑点，斑块，青春痘lymph n. 淋巴结sarcoma n. 肿瘤，肉瘤，恶性毒瘤exhaustion n. 衰竭，耗尽，精疲力竭immunologist n.免疫学家malfunction n. 故障，失灵，疾病count n. 计数，计算infection n. 传染病，感染breakdown n. 故障，衰弱，崩溃toll n. 代价，死亡人数intravenous drug n. 静脉注射药物abnormalities n. (abnormality的复数形式)畸形，异常情况blood transfusion n. 输血symptom n.症状virologist n. 病毒学家virus n. 病毒panel n.座谈小组，仪表板hemophiliac n. 血友病患者vaccine n. 疫苗注释：1．play a key role...扮演一个关键角色，有至关重要的作用2．be responsible for...对……负责，是……的原因3．can be eradicated可以被根除的练习：1．This passage is mainly about ____.A the spreading of the disease known as HIVB the work of Dr. Robert GalloC infectious diseasesD the symptoms of HIV2．A T-cell is a ____.A patient’s bloodB deadly strain of tuberculosisC white blood cell important in providing immunity to diseaseD red blood cell3．The final paragraph leads the reader to see that scientists ____.A have no hope in ever finding a cure for HIVB have hope that a cure for HIV will be foundC have run out of time to find a cure for HIVD are in a contest against each other to find a cure for HIV4．The basic pattern used to develop this passage is ____.A chronological orderB personal narrativeC comparison and contrastD question and answer5．The word u eradicated the last paragraph means ____.A made extremeB celebratedC remove by rubbingD gotten rid of entirely答案与题解：1．A从开篇的病例介绍，到后面感染人数的不断上升可以推断出，这篇文章的主旨是讲艾滋病病毒在美国的传播。
从第二段中的最后一句话可以看出，人们最初对艾滋病的冠名是在1982年7月，而那时全美已有病例471起，并有184人死亡了，因此可以推断出是讲该病毒的传播的。
2．C第一段的最后一句话里对T细胞进行了定义，即其为白细胞的一种，并在免疫效应中起关键作用，因此答案是选项3．B文章最后一段的最后一句话提到了解题线索，即现在科学家正在测试预防艾滋病的疫苗，他们相信，如果该病毒能被抑制，就可能被根治。
4．A该题为对文章线索总结题，chronological order意思为“按照时间次序”，chronological意思为“时间的”，从该文中的几个时间点来看，人们对于艾滋病的接触、了解、应对、研究，应该是按照不同年份进行的，故答案为选项A。
5．D本题为词义推断题，eradicate的本义为“根除”，本题的解题线索在最后一段最后一句话的前半句，即“Today scientists are testing vaccines and believe that if HIV can be suppressed”，只要了解suppress的词义，即“抑制”，那么结合后面then（于是，那么）这个关联词就可以推断出后面的动词短语应该和“根治”有关，本题选项中的前三个选项均不含该意思，故答案为选项D。
选项A为“成为极端”，选项B为“庆祝”，选项C为“通过摩擦被消除”，和前句大意均不相符。
第二篇The Hope Children’s HospiceThe Hope Children’s Hospice provides free specialist care for children with life-limiting conditions who are not expected to live into adulthood. It cares for up to eight terminally-ill children at one time, and aims to care for them in the same way their families would care for them at home. ____1____Life-limiting conditions present many long-term medical and emotional problems-not only for the child, but for parents and siblings too. So the hospice offers respite care-short stays for the child alone or for the whole family together. ____2____ Short stays give terminally-ill children an opportunity to meet others with similar conditions.Each child at the hospice has their own carer and their own care plan. A normal day might startwith a jacuzzi bath followed by a massage from a complementary therapist. ____3____The hospice has a multi-sensory room. ____4____ It has touch-screen computers, video games, paddling pools, anti space for wheelchair dancing. Children have music therapy and can record their own music, not only as a way to express their feelings, but to leave something for their family and friends to listen to in the years to come.The hospice has a number of quiet moms where we care for children during and after death. ____5____ Our support does not end with death. We help not just grieving parents, but also siblings who are experiencing bereavement. We give everyone opportunities to discuss their fears about death and dying.词汇：hospice n.收容所，救济院，临终关怀respite n.缓期执行care n.临时看护adulthood n. 成年，成人期sibling n. 兄弟姊妹therapist n. 理疗币paddling n. 划动pool n.戏水池bereavement n. 丧亲，丧友注释：1．live into adulthood...长大成人，活到成年2．in the years to come...在大限将至之日，最后期限临近之时练习：A These are places where families and friends can say goodbye.B Some children go to school, while others play with hospice play specialists.C When families prefer to do the caring themselves, a hospice carer will go to their home and help them.D This is a special room whic h stimulates the children’s senses with lights, music, touch, and smell.E They become confused about time, place, and who people are.F At these times, parents hand over responsibilities to the staff and have a “holiday”.答案与题解：1．C选项C的本意是，当这些儿童的家人希望能够亲自照料这些子女时，救济院的看护人员将会上门为其提供帮助，与前句中“为患儿提供家人般的关照”形成呼应。