中考英语阅读理解专项训练---健康环保类
中考英语阅读理解专项训练---健康环保类ASpending two or three hours playing outdoors each day can reduce the chance of becoming short-sighted, a research shows. It challenges the belief(信念) that short-sightedness is caused by computer use, watching TV or reading in weak light.The Australian government researchers believe that the sunlight is good for people’s eyes. They compared the vision(视力) and habits of 100 seven-year-old children in Singapore and Australia. In all, 30% of the Singaporean children were short-sighted—this rate(比率) was ten times higher than Australian children.Both groups spend a similar amount of time reading, watching television and playing computer games. However the Singaporean children spent an average of only half an hour a day outdoors—90 minutes less than the Australian children.Professor Ian Morgan, from the Australian Research Council’s vision Centre, said, “Humans are naturallylong-sighted, but when people begin to go to school and spend little or no time outdoors, the number of short-sighted people gets larger. We’re also seeing more and more short-sighted children in cities all around the world and the main reason may be that city children spend less time outdoors.Daylight can be hundreds of times brighter than indoor light. But why does playing outside prevent us from becoming short-sighted? Scientists believe that natural light has a special chemical(化学物质) which stops the eyeball from growing out of shape and prevents people from becoming short-sighted.So be outdoors. It doesn’t matter if that time is spent having a picnic or having sports.1.Which of the following can reduce the chance of becoming short-sighted according the passage?A. Play computer games.B. Watch TV.C. Read in weak light.D. Do outdoor activities.2.How much time did the Australian children spend outdoors on average according to the researchA. 30 minutes.B. 60 minutes.C. 90 minutes.D. 120 minutes.3.Which of the following is TRUE according to the passageA. If people spend more time outdoors they will certainly become short-sighted.B. There are fewer short-sighted Singaporean Children than Australian children because they have moreknowledge of protecting their eyesight.C. There will be fewer risks of getting short-sighted if people spend two or three hours a day playing outside.D. When people begin to go to school they will become long-sighted.4.What is the fifth paragraph mainly aboutA. Why natural daylight has a special chemical.B. Why daylight prevents people from becoming short-sighted.C. Why daylight is much brighter than indoor light.D. What the special chemical which can stop eyeballs from growing out of shape is.5.The underlined word in paragraph 1 probably means ______ .A. 眼疾B. 视野C. 疲劳D. 近视BPollution inside homes and other buildings kills more than 4 million people eachyear．Many people die as a result of breathing smoke or from cooking over wood-powered of coal-powered stoves．One way to reduce the number of deaths is through cooking equipment powered by the sun．Crosby Menzies，a solar power expert in a South African company，described his latest solar cooker called the“Sol.4”，”It is four square meters of mirrors，six to eight meters in length．It is quite a large cooler．”The“Sol.4”works by reflecting （反射）light from the sun off large mirrors．The mirrors direct （把…对准）the light at a cooking pan．Then the light heats the pan with solar energy．Within two minutes，the pan is hot enough to cook sausages and onions．In just four minutes，water can be boiled．That is as fast as cooking with natural gas or electricity．The cooker is also much“friendlier”than other models because people do not have to stand in the sun to use it．And people can prepare meals without having to collect firewood or spend money on coal．Such individuals would be less likely to have breathing illnesses from harmful smoke．At present，the cooker only works when the sun is shining．But engineers are working on a way to make it work without sunlight．Each cooker costs about $2000，which is a large amount of money for most Africans．To solve that problem，Crosby Menzies has crated a non-governmental organization called solar Cookers for Africa．It plans to raise money through donations to provide poor people with solar cooking equipment．6.This passage is mainly about ______ ．A. solar cookersB. smoke pollutionC. solar power expertsD. breathing illnesses7.The“Sol-4”is mainly used to ______ ．A. shorten the time of cookingB. reduce the cost of making cookersC. raise money through donations to help African peopleD. reduce the number of deaths caused by harmful smoke.8.The underlined word“individuals“most probably means“ ______ ”A. cookersB. mirrorsC. peopleD. experts9.Which of the following about the“Sol-4”is TRUE？______A. It is six to eight square meters of mirrors.B. It can work in any weather condition nowC. It can also heat the pan by lighting firewoodD. It is more environment-friendly than other cookers.10.From the passage，we can infer that ______ ．A. the“Sol-4”will be designed in a smaller sizeB. more African can use the solar cookers in the futureC. the“Sol-4”is the first product of the south African companyD. the African government will provide poor people with solar cookers.CBy now, most people know they should be eating more vegetables. But are there ways to get more from the vegetables you already eat? A research shows that when it comes to vegetables, it’s not only how much we eat, but also how we prepare them, that decides the vitamins(维生素) and other nutrients(营养物)that enter our body.Many studies show that people who eat lots of vegetables have less heart disease, and eye problems and even cancer. But raw(生的) vegetables are not always best. The researchers found that 198 Germans who eat raw food were short of lycopene(番茄红素), the matter found in tomatoes and other red vegetables. “There is an idea that raw foods are always going to be better,” says Steven K. Clinton, a professor at Ohio State University. “For fruits and vegetables, sometimes a little bit of cooking can be helpful.”Many facts decide how the vegetables do good to people’s health before they reach the table, including where and how they were grown and stored before being bought. No single cooking way is best. Some nutrients are easily lost in cooking if they are cooked in different ways.Vitamins C and B are often lost. In January, another report said that boiling(煮)was better for carrots than frying(油炸)or serving them raw. Frying was the worst way to cook.What cooked with the vegetables can also be important? When the vegetables were cooked with fat, the diners can get more nutrients. Fat can also make the taste of vegetables better, meaning that people will eat more of them. Putting on some other things that make it taste better—a little salt—can make the food taste better.11.The writer mainly wants to tell us that ________.A. eating vegetables is good for usB. people should eat more vegetablesC. how much vegetables one should eatD. the way people eat vegetables is important12.The people who eat the raw vegetables for a long time will ________.A. have the eyes problemsB. have heart diseaseC. be in need of lycopeneD. hate eating tomatoes13.Lycopene is rich in ________.A. red vegetablesB. raw vegetablesC. fried vegetablesD. boiled vegetables14.The followings decide how the vegetables do good to people EXCEPT ________ according to the passage.A. the place where the vegetables are grownB. the way how the vegetables are storedC. the way how the vegetables are preparedD. the price at which the vegetables are sold15.From the last paragraph, we can know ________.A. it’s better to cook the vegetables with the fatB. it’s better to cook the vegetables without saltC. the fat will increase the nutrition of the vegetablesD. the more fat in the cooking, the fewer vegetables people will eatDDo you have meals regularly? If the answer is “yes”, it would be great. However, many people are not doing as great as you. According to a new survey, half of British people say that they are too busy to have meals on time.The survey shows that 50% of British people don’t have meals on time. About 40% of them eat breakfast in less than 10 minutes. One fifth say that they don’t have breakfast or lunch. Instead, they choose to eat snacks to stop themselves from being hungry. About 47% say that they are so busy that they just have a sandwich at their desks. Many people eat snacks to get through the day. As a result, making people eat healthily is not an easy task. It seems that the traditional lunch hour is becoming a thing of the past.As we all know, breakfast is the most important meal of the day. But so many people don’t have breakfast every day. Even worse, nearly one in three people combine breakfast and lunch together.Many people have dinner very late in the evening. About 16% of people say that they often have dinner after 8 pm. That is time for the digestive system(消化系统) to slow down and get ready to sleep! Some people even eat snacks late at night! Everyday work is very important, of course. But health is much more important.16.What is the writer’s attitude towards the result of the survey?A. He is worried.B. He is happy.C. He doesn’t care.D. He doesn’t believe it.17.According to the survey, _________ of British people don’t have breakfast or lunch.A. 10%B. 20%C. 30%D. 50%18.What is the most important meal of the day?A. dinnerB. lunchC. breakfastD. snacks19.What does the writer think of having dinner after 8 pm?A. It is not healthy.B. It is very commonC. It is important.D. It is good for digestive system.20.What does the writer want to tell us?A. Many people don’t have breakfast.B. Eating snacks is bad for health.C. Several ways to keep healthy.D. We should have meals regularly.AMany young Chinese people make their effort to get a good night's sleep which could be harming their health，according to the results of a major survey published to mark World Sleep Day．The Chinese Sleep Research Society surveyed nearly 60，000people aged 10to 45，and found that 91percent of them reported "not having enough sleep" or "still being tired after sleep"．Only about 5.6percent of respondents said they felt energetic after sleep．About three quarters of respondents said they experienced difficulty falling asleep，and 13percent said they really struggled to fall asleep．Only about 11percent said they could sleep through the night without waking up．Many respondents said that work pressure has a main influence on their sleep quality，and could lead to bad sleep．The survey showed 60percent of the respondents would choose to work instead of sleep．In general，people with good education background were cared to be more self-disciplined（自律的）about getting enough sleep，but only 5percent of respondents had a routine（常规的）daily schedule．Sleep problems have little direct connection with income（收入），working conditions or social status，according to the survey．"The part of people with bad sleep is almost the same in different social layers，" the report stated．Surveyors said that stress，worries，and low spirits were the main causes in bad sleep，it would get worse because of by the obsession（着魔）with electronic products that could cause blue light effects breaking sleep．Some 93percent said they would play with smartphones before sleep，watching TV series or shopping online．Surveyors believed that the random life schedules would lead young Chinese people to have low work efficiency，low appetite，but higher cancer risk．21.How many people in the survey can sleep through the night without waking up ？______A. About 60，000．B. About 30，000．C. About 6，600．D. About 54，000．22.The word " respondents " in the passage means ______ ．A. The people who take part in this survey．B. The people who have sleep problems in China．C. The people who have difficulty falling asleep．D. The people who try to get a good night's sleep．23.What mainly influences our sleep quality？______A. Education and stress．B. Work pressure and income．C. Working conditions and stress．D. Work pressure and low spirits．24.The sleeping problem will get worse because of the followings EXCEPT ______ ．A. thinking of the worries in the dayB. watching TV series for a long timeC. having a glass of milk before sleepD. playing with smartphones before sleep25.What can learn from the passage？______A. People who have much money are sure to have a good sleep．B. People from different social layers have different sleep problemsC. Use smartphones less before sleep，or you'll have more sleep problems．D. If people don't have routine daily schedule，they will sleep well without waking up．BAre you sometimes a little tired and sleepy in the early afternoon？Many people feel this way after lunch. I have a habit of taking a nap (小睡) after lunch. Without a nap at noon，I will feel uncomfortable the whole afternoon. A nap after lunch can make me feel fresh and comfortable. Then I can work better in the afternoon.At noon－about six to eight hours after you wake up－your body temperature goes down. This is what makes you slow down and feel sleepy. So it is best for you to take a nap after lunch for about an hour.In many parts of the world，people take naps in the middle of the day，especially in hot weather，where the heat makes work difficult in the early afternoon. In fact，naps are good for everyone in any weather. A daily nap gives one a more relaxing body and mind in the early afternoon，and is good for health. In many countries where naps are traditional，people are seldom ill such as heart diseases.Many working people have no time to take naps though doctors may advise taking naps in the early afternoon. Here are a fewtips about your nap:Remember that the best time to take a nap is about eight hours after you get up. A short sleep too late in the day may only make you feel more tired and sleepy later. This can also happen if you sleep for too long. If you don't have enough time，try a short nap after lunch －－half an hour of nap can also be helpful.26.How long is the best time for a nap after lunch？A. Ten minutes.B. Half an hour.C. An hour.D. Two hours.27.Naps at noon can make people suffer less from ________．A. heart diseaseB. stomachacheC. lung cancerD. headache28.What does the underlined word "tips" in the passage mean？A. 规则B. 小费C. 禁忌D. 小贴士29.The best title of the passage is “________”．A. How to Work BetterB. Taking Naps In the Early AfternoonC. How to Relax Body and MindD. Tips to avoid Body Problems1. D2. D3. C4. B5. D6. A7. D8. C9. D 10. B 11. D 12. C 13. A 14. D 15. A 16. A 17. B 18. C 19. A 20. D 21. C 22. A 23. D 24. C 25. C 26. C 27. A 28. D 29. B。
健康环保类阅读 专项训练—2023届高考英语一轮复习(素材)
健康环保类阅读专项训练一、Human activity has shrunk the size of wild animals the world over, and yet recent research has found many mammals(哺乳动物) living near cities have become steadily larger, both in length and in weight. “That wasn’t what we expected to find at all,” says Robert Guralnick, who studies biodiversity informatics at the Florida Museum. Expanding urban environments grow much hotter than natural habitats, and warmer temperatures usually benefit mammals that have a smaller, more energy-saving figure--- a principle of biology known as Bergmann’s rule.As the world grows warmer, some scientists have worried that mammals living near cities are supposed to grow smaller, possibly reducing their fitness as a species and, no doubt, the fitness of being hunters, too. But even with climate change, that might not happen. As it turns out, there's another factor in determining a mammal's size that might compete with or even go beyond temperature, and that is food.In and around cities with large populations, where high-energy human foods are more widely available and hunters are fewer and farther. New research discovered that most of the mammal species appear to be growing in size, not shrinking. According to careful measurements of more than 100 species from North America, gathered from museum collections over the past 80 years, the main reason is not a city's temperature. Instead, the greatest increases in weight and body length appear to lie among those mammals that live near the most humans, regardless of how hot their surroundings are.As climate change grows worse, there is, of course, the possibility that that might change, but at least for now, it seems that wolves, deer, bats, and other mammals in North America could be affected more by city populations than city climates.If we want to preserve the mammals that exist today for the future, it’s important that we know how human civilization is shaping their size, behavior, and well-being. In a rapidly changing world, that knowledge could mean the difference between ongoing life and dying out.1.What finding does Robert Guralnick consider surprising?A.Urban environments are hotter than nature.B.The animals in natural habitats become smaller.C.Many mammals grow against Bergmann's rule.D.City temperatures cause animals to shrink in size2.Why do many mammals living near cities grow in size?A.They are well taken care of by zoo keepers.B.They have more foods and fewer threats.C.They are comfortable in warmer climates.D.They can easily hunt wild animals for food.3.What are we advised to do to protect the existing mammals?A.Provide healthy food to surrounding mammalsB.Limit the population in cities to a small number.C.Know how human civilization affects mammals.D.Help the mammals adjust to the changing climate.4.What can be a suitable title for the text?A.Human Activity Has Shrunk the Size of AnimalsB.Global Warming Is Shaping the Future of MammalsC.Mammals in Nature Have a Better Chance to SurviveD.Many Mammals Living Near Cities Are Growing Bigger二、A unique curved(弯曲的)barrier has been designed by researchers at Imperial College London, who publish new findings in the journal Cities & Health on how the structure can protect people from the damaging effects of air pollution.The health concerns arising from lower air quality are more significant amongst lower-income communities which are more likely to be near roads with heavy traffic. Similarly, children are more readily exposed(接触)to air pollution simply because they live closer to the ground, where heavier pollutants settle over time.Dr Tilly Collins from Imperial's Centre for Environmental Policy found this issue particularly worrying, especially after noticing the severe pollution in the air while watching her child playing netball in a school playground alongside a busy London A-road. “l started researching the effect of walls along roads,”Dr Collins said. “It became evident that along the pedestrian(行人的)side of these roadside walls, there are vortexes(涡旋)where the air quality can actually be even worse as the pollutants get trapped in them.”Initially building off simple models, Dr Collins and Dr Huw Woodward, also from the Centre for Environmental Policy, explored ideas of urban design that would mitigate these vortex effects and improve air quality for pedestrians and especially children.Inspired by sound-walls alongside motorways in Germany and the Netherlands, there searchers found that curved structures would more effectively reflect pollutants back towards the roads and would very rapidly improve air quality for pedestrians in an inexpensive manner.When asked about the challenges faced during this project, Dr Collins said: “Initially, it was difficult to convince others to get on board. The focus is very much on successfully reducing smoke from cars, but there are things we can do now to protect our children.”“With increased attention being placed on the challenges associated with air pollution, there is a need for unique and effective urban design, and these curved barriers are able to handle these challenges head on, providing huge benefits to the general public," said Marcus Grant, editor in chief of Cities & Health .1.Why are children more likely to be victims of air pollution?A.They are shorter in height.B.They have bigger airways.C.They tend to breathe more slowly.D.They like playing near busy roads.2.What does the underlined word "mitigate" in Paragraph 4 mean?A.Monitor.B.Reduce.C.Predict.D.Explain.3.What do we know about the resea rchers’ design?A.It can reduce smoke from cars greatly.B.It can benefit urban traffic in some way.C.lt can limit pedestrians’ exposure to poor air.D.It can be used as sound-walls alongside motorways.4.What does Marcus Grant suggest about the project?A.It needs more attention from the public.B.It might come across many challenges.C.lt is very likely to have a bright future.D.It should be expanded in more industries.三、The public nowadays has a misunderstanding of forest fires, believing that fires should be kept out of every type of forest. Many of us can recall Smoky the Bear's famous warning: “Remember, only YOU can prevent forest fires”. However, that's not always the case. Under the right conditions, and when conducted safely, fire can create many environmental benefits as well as help prevent larger, uncontrollable wildfires.After a forest fire, many wildlife species will move into recently burned areas to feed on these newly available foods. Some reptiles and amphibians such as the pine (松树) snake prefer forests frequently burned by fire. As Herbert Stoddard put it, “One of the most harmful things modern man has done to birds has been his attempt to exclude fire from fire-type pine forests. Within a few years most forests choke up with bushes, lose their prairie-like vegetation (草原般植被) and can no longer support birds dependent on periodic burning for their food supply and proper cover.”If you are asked to picture the forest floor, what do you see? Pine needles, cones, leaves, branches might come to mind-all sources of fuel. If these fuel sources build up without any type of removal, the 'fuel load' can lead to fires catastrophic to forests and people alike. In contrast, prescribed fire can be used by forest professionals every couple of years to keep forest fuels at an appropriate and manageable level. They can also minimize the spread of pest insects and disease and remove unwanted tree and plant species. Plus, they can create and maintain important wildlife habitats rich in grasses and promote the growth of trees, wildflowers and other various plants.Many organizations and agencies work to promote fire on the landscape when and where appropriate. Smokey Bear even has an updated warning: “Only You can Prevent Wildfires,” as the Forest Service ha s over the last few decades developed policies and procedures to include prescribed fire as a management tool, as well as continuing their work to prevent and fight wildfires.1.Why did the author mention Smoky the Bear's warning?A.To introduce the topic of the passage.B.To clarify a misunderstood concept.C.To show the significance of fire prevention.D.To raise people's awareness of forest protection.2.What can benefit birds according to Herbert Stoddard?A.Forest bushes.B.Fuel sources.C.Pine forests.D.Periodic burning.3.What is the purpose of prescribed fire?A.To put out wildfires.B.To keep the forest balance.C.To remove tree and plant species.D.To keep the fuel rich in the forest.4.What might be the best title for the passage?A.One Match Can Start A Forest FireB.Where There Is Smoke There Is A FireC.Not All Forest Fires Are Created EqualD.Why Not Keep The Forest Fire Burning四、Electric vehicles are close to the “turning point" of rapid mass adoption thanks to the decreasing cost of batteries, experts say.Global sales of electric vehicles rose 43% in 2020, but even faster growth is expected when continuing falls in battery prices result in the price of electric cars under the same petrol and diesel (柴油)models, which may happen between 2023 and 2025. According to a study by Prof Tim Lonton, at the University of Exeter, the turning point has already been passed in Norway, where tax breaks(税收减免) mean electric cars arc cheaper and the market share of battery-powered cars increased to 54% in 2020 in Norway, compared with less than 5% in most European nations.The falls in battery prices in the last decade have been dramatic and faster than predicted thanks to a massive production and cuts in costs, such as reducing the amount of expensive cobalt (钻)required. BloombergNEF's analysis predicts lithium-ion(锂离子) battery costs will fall so sharply that electric cars can match the price of petrol and diesel cars by 2023. McKin-sey's Global Energy Perspective 2021, published on 15 January, forecasts that "electric vehicles are likely to become the most economic choice in the next five years worldwide".Electric cars, vital in efforts to fight climate crisis, are quieter and start to go faster, so people do not want to return to a petrol or diesel vehicle once they have one. A survey of 2,000 electric car owners found 91 % said they did not want to go back.“The survey shows the strong and lasting impact of switching to a clean car. The evidence in favour of electric vehicles grows more convincing even in a year as destructive as 2020," said Melanie Shufflebotham, at Zap-Map, which maps charging points.1.What leads to the growing sales of electric vehicles?A.The rise in petrol prices.B.The desire for a lower tax.C.The drop in battery costs.D.The need for a cleaner life.2.What can we infer from paragraph 2?A.Policies in Norway support electric vehicles.B.Economy in Norway outgrows other nations.C.The market share of electric vehicles will decline.D.The tax breaks in Europe will continue to increase.3.How will electric vehicles equal fuel vehicles in price?A.By increasing the demand for cobalt.B.By boosting the sales of electric cars.C.By reducing the production of batteries.D.By cutting the costs of lithium-ion batteries.4.What is the attitude of people surveyed towards electric cars?A.Tolerant.B.Positive.C.Unwilling.D.Opposed.五、Paper is one of our oldest, simplest and most important inventions. But it also presents a danger to the world in two significant ways. First, the making of paper requires the loss of millions of trees each year. Between 2001 and 2019, the world lost 386 million hectares of forest. Of the trees that were cut down, 42% went to paper production. And worldwide use of paper is expected to double in the next 40 years. Clearly, the planet cannot sustain such a high rate of forest loss.The second great problem with paper is what happens once it is no longer useful. A huge quantity of wastepaper ends up in dumps and landfills(垃圾填埋场) where it can produce harmful gases. Paper in landfills leads to the release(释放) of methane, a gas that is a significant contributor in global warming.One simple solution can greatly reduce both of these problems: paper recycling. Paper is mainly made from cellulose(纤维素), which makes up the cell walls of trees and many other plants. Because of its structure, cellulose can be used repeatedly in papermaking. So far, trees are the only source of cellulose that can fill the massive demand for paper products. Therefore, recycling paper is simply one of the best ways to save trees.Thanks to advances in processing, recycled paper isn't the dull-colored stuff many of us are familiar with any more. It now can offer the same print performance as non-recycled paper.Effective recycling requires a consistent effort. The way to begin is with education and understanding. Once enough people realize the need for recycling, more effective recycling systems can be carried out. The massive loss of trees affects everybody on earth. Everyone should do their part to recycle paper and encourage government and industries to do the same.1.What does the author want to express in Paragraph 1?A.Consequences resulting from forest loss.B.The significance of paper in daily life.C.The disadvantages of current paper production.D.The severe situation caused by papermaking.2.Why is paper in landfills harmful?A.It releases smelly gases.B.It results in global climate change.C.It pollutes the nearby land.D.It may lead to fire accidents.3.What can we know about paper-recycling?A.It produces cellulose to make more paper.B.The structure of cellulose makes it possible.C.The color of recycled paper is different.D.It produces cellulose without using trees.4.What's the purpose of this text?A.To introduce paper recycling technology.B.To stress the threat of global warming.C.To appeal to people to recycle paper.D.To describe the considerable need for paper.六、When answering a question, your silence might say more than your words. A new psychology study has found pausing before replying, even for just a few seconds, can make you seem more insincere or dishonest. That perception(感知) of dishonesty might not be too inaccurate, either. Numerous studies in the lab and in real life suggest people are slower to respond when they are not being truthful, possibly because it takes more mental work to block a truthful response or fabricate(编造）an alternative.What's been less clear is how well our lies have been fooling people. Some studies suggest delayed answers come across as insincere to the listener. Others find no relationship between the two, and still more have found the opposite: That a bit of hesitation increases our perception of sincerity. These findings are inconsistent and confusing. They are also mostly based on correlations. Even the few studies that have actually looked at causal relationships often didn't consider confusing factors that could also give away a liar or an insincere speaker.The new research seeks to improve some of those limitations by examining thousands of people under a variety of conditions. Together, it involves more than 7,500 individuals from the United States, the United Kingdom, and France in a total of 14 experiments. On the whole, the authors found an immediate response was perceived as more sincere, while a delayed response, even a delay as brief as two seconds, was seen as more insincere."Evaluating other people's sincerity is an important part of social interactions," says consumer behaviour researcher Ignazio Ziano. "It would be unfair for the responder, such as a crime suspect, if the response delay was misattributed to thought suppression(抑制)or answer fabrication when it was in fact caused by a different factor, such as simply being distracted or thoughtful," explains Ziano.Unfortunately, even when participants were instructed to ignore the response delays in one of the experiments, it only reduced their perception of insincerity; it did not completely remove it.1. What can we infer from the first paragraph?A. The perception of dishonesty depends on your silence.B. Preparing a truthful response needs more mental work.C. The impression of dishonesty isn't always accurate.D. Quicker replies to questions make you seem reliable.2. According to paragraph 3, how do researchers carry out their research?A. By studying the findings of several previous research projects.B. By examining thousands of people in various situations.C. By collecting data from the database from a new research.D. By analyzing the circumstances of the responses involved.3. Why does Ziano say it is unfair for the responder in paragraph 4?A. Listeners should ignore the pauses.B. A real criminal could escape quietly.C. The responder may be judged wrongly.D. The response delay affects people's preference.4. What can be a suitable title for the text?A. A Slower Response Makes You Seem InsincereB. New Evidence of Being Dishonest Is FoundC. Think Carefully Before You AnswerD. Action Speaks Louder Than Words七、There are patches of green taking root in European cities. It is part of a popular movement that started in Asia to clean the air, cool down temperatures, and improve the quality of life of city residents.This movement began in India with Indian eco-entrepreneur Shubhendu Sharma who was inspired by the tiny forests in Japan created by Akira Miyawak, a botanist who saw this as a solution to regenerate the land. In 2014, Sharma gave a Ted Talk about how valuable the mini ecosystems he was planting across India are. Sharma planted them anywhere he could, near schools, factories, and houses. These mini ecosystems grow ten times faster than conventional forests and are considerably more biodiverse.Now, Europeans are following his example and tiny forests are springing up across the continent. But first, Europeans had to adapt his methods to the different soil conditions, species and climate, while taking into account the effects of climate change. “Species growing here are more likely to do well and be able to adapt to climate change,” said Belgian biologist Nicolas, “So, I contacted scholars and tree nurseries to identify suitable native tree species and locally sourced materials to improve the soil.”The first tiny forest was planted in the UK in 2020 in a program run by ecologist Victor Beumer for Earth-watch. He said that the organization plans to collect data about biodiversity and carbon sequestration (碳封存) so that the environmental influence of the forests can be tracked in the long term. There are 17 of these forests now and 21 will be planted by 2022. These mini forests are seen as an asset that can help residents weather heat waves, improve water retention, remove carbon from the air, and the best benefit. While these European forests are still relatively young and the full impact of them on the environment is still unknown, one thing is a given. Bringing more nature into cities will have a positive impact on the life of urban residents. Being in nature is good for your health, and wellbeing.1.What can we learn about Sharma from the text?A.He likes giving a talk about tiny forests.B.He started the tiny forest movement in Europe.C.He has planted tiny forests everywhere he liked.D.He is a leading figure of the movement of tiny forests.2.What is implied in Nicolas’s word s in Paragraph 3?A.He used native species to grow small forests.B.It’s difficult to carry on the movement in Belgium.C.He chose some natural fertilizers to improve the soil.D.He has improved Sharma’s methods of growing forests.3.What can we infer about these European forests from the text?A.They have been taken seriously by the governments.B.They have benefited local residents physically and mentally.C.Their influence on the environment arouses the public’s curiosity.D.The further studies on their connection with nature are to be carried out.4.Which of the following is a suitable title for this text?A.Europeans Have Struggled to Improve Air QualityB.Tiny Forests Become More Diverse in EuropeC.Tiny Forests Are Dotting European CountriesD.Europeans Decide to Change Their Environment八、More than a million tons a year of America's plastic rubbish are not ending up where they should. As many as 1,300 plastic grocery bags per person is landing in places such as oceans and roadways, according to a new study of U.S.In 2016, the United States generated 46.3 million tons of plastic waste, by far the most in the world. Between 2.7% and 5.3% of that was mismanaged, according to a study in Friday's journal Science Advances. "If you took nearly 2.5 million tons of mismanaged plastic waste and dumped it on the White House lawn, it would pile as high as the Empire State Building," said Jenna Jambeck, an environmental engineering professor.Previous studies hadn't put the United States among the 10 worst offending nations for plastic waste in oceans. That's because the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency only tracks what goes into official parts of the waste stream such as landfills(废物填埋场)and recycling centers."The new study provides a more realistic view of our mismanaged waste," said University of Toronto ecology professor Chelsea Rochman, who wasn't part of the study. "We consume a lot of plastic which then becomes plastic waste. We recycle very little of this material, which is a waste of resources.""A large but hard to quantify part of the problem involves the 51% of U.S. plastic waste shipped abroad for recycling to countries that routinely mismanage waste," Law said. The situation has been converting since many countries have become more limiting about taking U.S. rubbish imports. American exports of plastic waste have declined dramatically since their peak in 2016.The government is spending billions of dollars trying to fix the problem, with modernized recycling technology and new business models to reduce waste while urging compulsory recycled content standards for new products and packaging."The best thing you can do environmentally is to produce no waste at all." Jambeck said.1.What can we know about the plastic waste in America?A.It is improperly dealt with.B.It is increasing every year.C.It is as high as a tall building.D.It is finding its way into landfills.2.What did former studies fail to focus on?A.How plastic waste is managed officially.B.Where all plastic waste finally ends up.C.When plastic waste reaches its peak.D.Why all plastic waste isn't recycled.3.Which of the following can replace the underlined word "converting" in paragraph5?A.continuingB.affectingC.changingD.existing4.What problem might America face concerning plastic waste?A.The lack of capital for waste management.B.The lack of modern technology.C.The seriousness of waste.D.The limit of waste exports.九、"Human activity has wiped out two-thirds of the world's wildlife since 1970," CNN reported on September 10, 2020. Later that month, The Guardian reported that "40 percent of the world's plant species are at risk of extinction". Stanford biologist Paul Ehrlich and his colleague announced that "the ongoing sixth mass extinction may be the most serious environmental threat to the persistence of civilization." Around the same time, The Daily Mail warned that human civilization stands a 90 percent chance of collapse within decades due to deforestation.These frightening calculations and projections come from authoritative reports issued by international agencies, conservation groups, and peer-reviewed scientific journals. But is the future of wild nature and human civilization really so bleak(暗淡的)?Data from uncontroversial mainstreams sources strongly indicate that both humanity and the natural world are likely to be flourishing rather than collapsing at the end of this century.Humanity is becoming an urban species, and that's good for the environment, since city residents generally use less electricity, emit less globe-warming carbon dioxide, and have smaller land footprints than people living in the countryside. By 2100, demographers project that 85 percent of people will be citizens, which would leave only 1.2 billion still living in the countryside. That means more space for the wildlife and less pollution from the agriculture.The global tree coverage increased by 865, 00 square miles between 1982 and 2016. The researchers found that gains in forest area in the temperate, subtropical, and boreal climatic zones are offsetting(抵消)declines in the tropics. The Maryland researchers attribute much of that increase to "natural afforestation on abandoned agricultural land." Furthermore, forests in mountainous regions are expanding as climate warming enables trees to grow at higher altitudes. Humanity does face big environmental challenges in the coming century. But a number of scientific and economic evidences show that most of the trends are positive or can be turned in a positive direction by human ingenuity. Rather than an age of extinction, the 21st century promises to be an era of environmental renewal.1.Why does the author mention the reports in Paragraph 1?A.To support his opinion.B.To give examples.C.To introduce the topic.D.To make a contrast.2.What will happen by 2100 according to Paragraph 4?A.No one will choose to live in the countryside.B.There will be more pollution from the agriculture.C.City residents will use more electricity.D.More space will be available for the wildlife.3.What can we know about the forest according to the author?A.The forest area is decreasing year by year.B.The global tree coverage increased so much in 2016.C.There are more forests in mountainous regions due to the climate warming.D.The forest area in the temperate zones and tropics is increasing.4.What might be the best title of the passage?A.The Hopeless Future of Humanity.B.21st Century: An Era of Environmental Renewal.C.The Challenges in the Corning Century.D.Better Environment, Better Future of Human.十、Money is the root of all evil and a new study claims there may be some truth behind the saying. Scientists at the University of California, Berkeley, US. announced on February 27 that rich people are more likely to do unethical(不道德的) things, such as lie or cheat, than poor people.The scientists did a series of eight experiments. They published their findings online in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences(PNAS,《美国国家科学院院刊》).They carried out the first two experiments from the sidewalk near Berkeley. They noted that drivers of newer and more expensive cars were more likely to cut off other cars and pedestrians at crosswalks. Nearly 45 percent of people driving expensive cars ignored a pedestrian compared with only 30 percent of people driving more modest(不豪华的) cars.In another experiment, a group of college students were asked if they would do unethical things in various everyday situations. Examples included taking printer paper from work and not telling a salesperson when he or she gave back more change. Students from higher-class families were more likely to act dishonestly.According to the scientists, rich people often think money can get them out of trouble. This makes them less afraid to take risks. It also means they care less about other people's feelings.Finally, it simply makes them greedier. “Higher wealth status seems to make you want even more, and that increased want leads you to bend the rules or break the rules to serve your self-interest said Paul Piff, lead scientist of the study.。
中考英语：阅读理解练习及答案(6)
中考英语：阅读理解练习及答案（6）Passage A中考科普环保类选练）Every year when the Italian artist Michelangelo’s (1475－1564) birthday comes around，computer users all over the world are filled with fear（恐惧） and use their computers with care. Some may even choose not to turn on their computers on March 3rd. All this fear and care are just because a deadly computer virus is expected to cause damages （伤害）on that day.What’s a computer virus then? Why do people get so afraid of it?A computer virus is， in fact， a little program that is put into other programs and that does something bad. It is called a virus because， like any real life viruses such as AIDS virus， it reproduces (繁殖) itself. And when these programs are run， the virus is brought to life. It hides itself in your computer system waiting for the right moment to make damages. And at the same time it keeps producing itself by copying itself onto other programs.The Michelangelo virus waits until the artist’s birthday comes around， and then it will wake up to do very bad things like destroying you files.（文件）So next time when you turn on your computer， look out for computer viruses!1. A computer virus is a kind of .A. famous person’s birthdayB. deadly diseaseC. unsafe gameD. dangerous program2. Computer users fear viruses becauseA. they can bring users bad luckB. they can cause damages to the usersC. they may do great harm to computersD. they can change the programs in all computers3. It seemed that .A. a computer virus will appear each time you turn on your computerB. a computer virus is given to the computer by an Italian artistC. a computer virus will appear at the right timeD. a computer virus can never be got rid of by human beings4. From the passage we know .A. many people fear computers because of the virusesB. a computer virus is just the same as a real life virus.C. Michelangelo was born on March 3rdD. the artist Michelangelo was a bad person5. In the last paragraph， the writer suggests that we shouldA. look for computer virusesB. wait for the artist’s birthday to comeC. be careful of computer virusesD. not turn on our computers参考答案DCCCCPassage B中考英语阅读理解分类练习：健康保健类Have you heard of “Kong Nao”? A new word appears on the Internet recently. In fact， it refers to some passengers who behave badly by plane and could endanger flight safety. On December 11， on the airline flight from Bangkok Thailand to Nanjing， two tourists conflicted with an air attendant. The male tourist poured garbage in the aisle(过道) and said something bad to the flight attendant. The female tourist threw a whole cup of hot water over the flight attendant. At last the plane was forced to turn back. On January 10， 2015， a passenger on Flight MU2036 opened an emergency exit without permission because of dissatisfaction with the flight delay. At last the plane was forced to turn back.These things not only affect the normal order of flight but also have a bad international influence.The improvement of living standards means more Chinese can take a plane. But many of them don’t behave well in public. A report by Living Social website in March 2012 even listed Chinese as the w orld’s second worst tourists after Americans.If you want to change those bad behaviors and become a civilized passenger， rememberto avoid the followings：●Don’t spit in public or throw away trashes here and there.●Never cut in line or snatch bus sea ts.●Don’t laugh or speak loudly.●Don’t take off shoes or smoke in public.●Say something polite and do something civilized.Whenever and wherever you are， you need to respect others. In this way， you'll win compliments（称赞） for yourself.【小题1】Why do more and more Chinese people take the plane?A．Because Chinese people want to see more of the world.B．Because taking the plane is more and more popular around the world.C．Because of the growth in the industry and the improvement of living standards. D．Because Chinese people do better and better in public manners.【小题2】________ were reported the worst by Living Social website in March 2012. A．Chinese B．Thais C．Phuketers D．Americans【小题3】What does the underlined phrases “air attendant” mean?A．空姐 B．护士C．船长D．经理【小题4】According to the passage， which of the following is TRUE?A．“Kong Nao” refers to some passengers with good behaviors.B．Chinese travelers should stop such bad manners as speaking loudly.C．Four pieces of advice are mentioned to become a civilized visitor.D．On December 11， 2014， the airline flight had to return because of weather.Passage CIn almost every big university（大学）in the United States， football is a favourite sport. American football is different. Players sometimes kick the ball， but they alsothrow the ball and run with it. They try to take it to the other end of the field. They have four chances（机会）to move the ball ten yards（码）. They can carry it or they can throw it. If they move the ball ten yards， they can try to move it another ten yards. If they move it to the end of the field， they receive six points（点）.It is difficult to move the ball. Eleven men on the other team try to stop the man with the ball. If he does not move the ball ten yards， his team kicks the ball the other team.Each university wants its own team to win. Many thousands of people come to watch. They all shout for their favourite team.Young men and women come on the field to help the people shout more. They dance and jump while they shout.Each team plays ten or eleven games each season.The season begins in September and ends in November. If a team is very good， it may play another game after the season ends. The best teams play again on January 1， the first day of the New Year. Many people go to see these games and many others watch them on TV.1. The passage talks about ___________.A. footballB. how to play footballC. American sportsD. American football2. We can _______ the football in both American football and Chinese football.A. kickB. throwC. run withD. catch3. Why is it difficult to move the ball? Because ___________.A. ten yards is a long wayB. many men on the other team try not to let the ball come nearC. the playing field is very largeD. eleven men have to catch the ball one by one4. If they _________， the teams will play on January 1.A. receive six pointsB. play eleven games in the seasonC. are the best teamsD. move the ball to the end of the field5. Many people come to watch football and they want their team to win. Which of the following is not their act?A. JumpingB. DancingC. CryingD. Shouting参考答案Keys: 1-5 DABCCPassage D中考选练）What’s the meaning of “dark horse”? It’s someone who wins when no one expects it. Han Xiao’peng took China’s first gold on snow. He became an Olympic “dark horse” last Thursday by winning the gold medal in men’s freestyle aerial skiing(自由式滑雪空中技巧) at Turin in Italy. He made two almost perfect jumps for the highest score. Han had never won a world gold medal before， let alone(更不用说) in the Olympics!“I never thought this would happen，” said the 23-year-old. “I feel like I’m in a dream.” It’s China’s second gold medal at the Turin Olympics. But more important，Han’s gold was the country’s first ever in a snow spo rt. In 2002，China’s Yang Yang won the gold for speed skating at the winter Olympics in Salt Lake City， US. Just because Han’s win was unexpected doesn’t mean that he didn’t work hard.Han grew up in Jiangsu Province. Before he started his training on snow， he used to be an acrobat(杂技演员) at a circus. In 1995， a coach found his talent(才能). The coach，Yang Er’qi， said Han had the agility(灵活性) and courage to be a ski jumper. When Yang first took the 12-year-old to northern China，the boy couldn’t swim， skate or ski. But he wasn’t afraid of the high platform(跳台) and kept on training.Han almost left the sport after hurting his knee months before the Salt Lake Games. In that Olympics he only got 24th. “I was hopeless at that time， but my family and the coach stood firmly(坚强地) behind me， helping me through，” he recalled.Han Xiaopeng worked so hard that he won the gold medal in the Olympics at last. Because of his success， more and more people in China are becoming interestedin skiing. We are proud of him and we hope he will have another big success in the next winter Olympics.1. What does ‘dark horse’ mean? It means _____________.A. a horse which isdark B. someone who is expected to winC. a horse which likes living in thedark D. someone whose win is unexpected2. Where did Han Xiaopeng take China’s first gold on snow?A. In China .B. In Italy.C. In America.D. In Australia.3. What made the coach，Yang Er’qi， choose Han Xiaopeng to be a ski jumper?A. He had the agility and wasn’t afraid of the high platform.B. He was good at skiing though he was only 12 years old.C. He was born in the north of China and liked sports on snow.D. He had the talent and he had won a world gold medal before.4. Which of the following senten ces is NOT TRUE according to the passage?A. He was 23 when he won the gold medal at the winter Olympics.B. He made two almost perfect jumps and got the highest score.C. No one had won the gold before Han Xiaopeng at the winter Olympics.D. He never gave up even though he had faced many difficulties.5. What is the best title for this passage?A. A Dark Horse at the Winter OlympicsB. A Wonderful MatchC. A Hopeless Snow GameD. An Exciting Horse Race参考答案DBACAPassage E中考科普环保类选练）In most situations， light helps us see．But nowadays humans are using too much of itso that it is in fact a kind of pollution．When it comes to looking at the night sky， too much light makes it difficult for us to watch some of life’s most wonderful sights: stars， planets and even galaxies（星系）．According to scientific research， about 2， 500 stars can be seen by the human eye without using any special equipment（设备）．But because of light pollution， you can only see 200 to 300 stars from today’s countryside， and no more than ten stars from a city．In most big cities， people cannot see the sky filled with stars like they did in their childhood．Light pollution affects more than just our view of sky．Research shows that lots of nighttime light can harm wildlife， too．When birds fly to another place over cities， they sometimes get lost by the brightness and fly in circles（圈） until they drop from tiredness．Sea turtles（海龟） need dark beaches for laying eggs，but they can’t find their ideal places because of those bright lights．Too much light at night may even affect human health， but scientists are not sure of that． They are still learning more．In order to prevent things from going worse， governments and some organizations are working to reduce light pollution．Many cities and towns have taken action to reduce the use of lights at night．Lights are used only when and where they are truly needed．They also shine lights down at the ground instead of up into the sky and use lower brightness levels．Hopefully， in the near future， humans can enjoy the clear and beautiful sky again and all the wildlife will live a peaceful and undisturbed life， too．1．Why does the writer think that too much light is a kind of pollution?A． Because there are fewer and fewer stars．B． Because human health has been affected．C． Because too much light is a waste of energy．D． Because some of the wildlife can be harmed．2．Which of the following is NOT mentioned（提到）in this passage?A． The problems that light pollution has caused．B． The reason why humans use too much light．C． The ways that light pollution can be reduced．D． The reason why fewer stars can be seen than before．3．Which of the following is true according to the passage? A． There are about 2，500 stars in the sky．B． Humans want to do nothing to reduce light pollution．C． Sea turtles always get lost and die from tiredness．D． Something has been done to reduce light pollution．参考答案DBD。
初三环保意识英语阅读理解30题
初三环保意识英语阅读理解30题1<背景文章>Environmental problems are becoming increasingly serious in today's world. Air pollution is one of the most prominent issues. Factories, vehicles, and power plants emit large amounts of pollutants into the air, such as sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, and particulate matter. These pollutants not only harm human health but also damage the environment. For example, they can cause respiratory diseases and reduce visibility.Water pollution is also a major concern. Industrial waste, agricultural runoff, and sewage disposal all contribute to water pollution. Polluted water can contain harmful chemicals, heavy metals, and pathogens. This can lead to the death of aquatic organisms and pose a threat to human health if people consume or use polluted water.In addition to air and water pollution, there are also problems such as deforestation, soil erosion, and climate change. Deforestation reduces the amount of oxygen in the air and disrupts the balance of the ecosystem. Soil erosion can lead to the loss of fertile land and affect agricultural production. Climate change is caused by the increase in greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, which leads to rising temperatures, sea level rise, and more extreme weather events.We must take action to address these environmental problems. Everyone can play a role in protecting the environment. For example, we can reduce energy consumption, recycle waste, and use public transportation. By working together, we can make a difference and createa sustainable future for ourselves and future generations.1. What is one of the most prominent environmental problems mentioned in the passage?A. Deforestation.B. Soil erosion.C. Air pollution.D. Climate change.答案：C。
中考自然环境教育英语阅读理解20题
中考自然环境教育英语阅读理解20题1<背景文章>Forests are of great importance to our ecological environment. They are often called the lungs of the earth. Forests play a crucial role in maintaining the balance of nature.Forests help to purify the air. They absorb carbon dioxide and release oxygen, which is essential for all living beings. Without forests, the air we breathe would be much less clean.Forests also play a key role in regulating the climate. They help to control temperature and precipitation. By absorbing and storing water, forests can prevent floods and droughts.In addition, forests are home to a wide variety of plants and animals. Many species depend on forests for their survival. Forests provide food, shelter, and breeding grounds for countless organisms.Protecting forests is essential for the future of our planet. We should take measures to prevent deforestation and promote reforestation. Only by protecting forests can we ensure a sustainable future for ourselves and future generations.1. Forests are called the lungs of the earth because they ______.A. are very beautifulB. absorb carbon dioxide and release oxygenC. are home to many animalsD. regulate the climate答案：B。
中考英语阅读理解——健康保健类30例(70)
中考英语阅读理解——健康保健类30例（70）1、Practicing yoga(瑜伽) is a helpful. popular way to keep fit. It has many followers around the world. There are many kinds of yoga. You may have heard of “hot yoga” before. Now. in India. a new kind of yoga. water yoga. is becoming more and more popular among the local people. In the city of Agra. people practice yoga in water. It is more difficult to practice yoga in water than on land. But practicing yoga in water can be good for your flexibility (灵活性).Harish Chaturvedi. a lawyer. teaches people water yoga for free—even the poor people can learn from him. “Water yoga can become more popular than other kind of yoga. because the body does not get tired so quickly.” he said. “Everybody can learn to swim. but if they learn yoga at the same time. they will never feel tired.”“The level of Oxygen(氧气) is very high in water. and you will not have any breathing problem.” he added.Harish believes that water yoga really helps people to keep away from illness. He mainly trains children. He has classes at the swimming pool of a local sports room regularly. Many children are interested in it and come to learn from him.“Harish is very good at performing yoga in water.” said Sudhir Narayan. a water yoga student. “He is teaching children free of cost and that is a very good thing.”【小题1】What is Harish Chaturvedi?A．A teacher. B．A lawyer.C．A doctor. D．A swimmer.【小题2】Why is water yoga more popular than others?A. Because you can learn to swim at the same time.B. Because you don’t get tired so quickly.C. Because it can keep people fat.。
中考环境保护英语阅读理解25题
中考环境保护英语阅读理解25题1<背景文章>Environmental issues are becoming increasingly serious in today's world. Climate change is one of the most significant challenges we face. The Earth's temperature is rising, leading to melting glaciers, rising sea levels, and more extreme weather events. Pollution is also a major problem. Air pollution from factories, cars, and power plants can cause respiratory diseases and other health problems. Water pollution can harm aquatic life and make water sources unsafe for drinking.Deforestation is another serious environmental issue. Trees are cut down for various reasons, such as to make paper, build houses, and clear land for agriculture. This reduces the amount of oxygen in the air and disrupts the ecosystem.We must take action to address these environmental problems. Everyone can play a role by reducing waste, conserving energy, and protecting natural resources.1. What is one of the most significant environmental challenges we face?A. Deforestation.B. Pollution.C. Climate change.D. Overpopulation.答案：C。
[精品]阅读理解(科普或环境保护类或健康类)中考英语试题分项版解析汇编(解析版)
1、【2017年安徽省初中毕业学业考试英语试题】阅读理解（共20小题，每小题2分，满分40分）阅读下列短文，从每小题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出一个最佳选项。
Do you sleep well? If your answer is no, the following might help you.A. set a certain bedtime and rising timeB. go to bed neither too early nor too lateC. eep the bedroom for sleeping onlyD. tae a warm shower before sleeping81. Why should you avoid eciting activities just before sleeping?A. Because they will get your thoughts runningB. Because you have to mae tomorrow’s palnC. Because you should read an eciting storyD. Because you will have to turn off the light.82. Your bedroom should be ept for ______ only.A. talingB. eatingC. readingD.sleeping83. According to the passage, ______ will mae you feel sleepy.A. taing a cold showerB. your body temperature droppingC. your daily eperienceD. raising your body temperature 【答案】80.A81.A82.D83.B81.A细节理解题。
中考英语阅读理解专项训练---健康环保类
中考英语阅读理解专项训练---健康环保类ASpending two or three hours playing outdoors each day can reduce the chance of becoming short-sighted, a research shows. It challenges the belief(信念) that short-sightedness is caused by computer use, watching TV or reading in weak light.The Australian government researchers believe that the sunlight is good for people’s eyes. They compared the vision(视力) and habits of 100 seven-year-old children in Singapore and Australia. In all, 30% of the Singaporean children were short-sighted—this rate(比率) was ten times higher than Australian children.Both groups spend a similar amount of time reading, watching television and playing computer games. However the Singaporean children spent an average of only half an hour a day outdoors—90 minutes less than the Australian children.Professor Ian Morgan, from the Australian Research Council’s vision Centre, said, “Humans are naturally long-sighted, but when people begin to go to school and spend little or no time outdoors, the number of short-sighted people gets larger. We’re also seeing more and more short-sighted children in cities all around the world and the main reason may be that city children spend less time outdoors.Daylight can be hundreds of times brighter than indoor light. But why does playing outside prevent us from becoming short-sighted? Scientists believe that natural light has a special chemical(化学物质) which stops the eyeball from growing out of shape and prevents people from becoming short-sighted.So be outdoors. It doesn’t matter if that time is spent having a picnic or having sports.1.Which of the following can reduce the chance of becoming short-sighted according the passage?A. Play computer games.B. Watch TV.C. Read in weak light.D. Do outdoor activities.2.How much time did the Australian children spend outdoors on average according to the researchA. 30 minutes.B. 60 minutes.C. 90 minutes.D. 120 minutes.3.Which of the following is TRUE according to the passageA. If people spend more time outdoors they will certainly become short-sighted.B. There are fewer short-sighted Singaporean Children than Australian children because they have moreknowledge of protecting their eyesight.C. There will be fewer risks of getting short-sighted if people spend two or three hours a day playing outside.D. When people begin to go to school they will become long-sighted.4.What is the fifth paragraph mainly aboutA. Why natural daylight has a special chemical.B. Why daylight prevents people from becoming short-sighted.C. Why daylight is much brighter than indoor light.D. What the special chemical which can stop eyeballs from growing out of shape is.5.The underlined word in paragraph 1 probably means ______ .A. 眼疾B. 视野C. 疲劳D. 近视BPollution inside homes and other buildings kills more than 4 million people eachyear．Many people die as a result of breathing smoke or from cooking over wood-powered of coal-powered stoves．One way to reduce the number of deaths is through cooking equipment powered by the sun．Crosby Menzies，a solar power expert in a South African company，described his latest solar cooker called the“Sol.4”，”It is four square meters of mirrors，six to eight meters in length．It is quite a large cooler．”The“Sol.4”works by reflecting （反射）light from the sun off large mirrors．The mirrors direct （把…对准）the light at a cooking pan．Then the light heats the pan with solar energy．Within two minutes，the pan is hot enough to cook sausages and onions．In just four minutes，water can be boiled．That is as fast as cooking with natural gas or electricity．The cooker is also much“friendlier”than other models because people do not have to stand in the sun to use it．And people can prepare meals without having to collect firewood or spend money on coal．Such individuals would be less likely to have breathing illnesses from harmful smoke．At present，the cooker only works when the sun is shining．But engineers are working on a way to make it work without sunlight．Each cooker costs about $2000，which is a large amount of money for most Africans．To solve that problem，Crosby Menzies has crated a non-governmental organization called solar Cookers for Africa．It plans to raise money through donations to provide poor people with solar cooking equipment．6.This passage is mainly about ______ ．A. solar cookersB. smoke pollutionC. solar power expertsD. breathing illnesses7.The“Sol-4”is mainly used to ______ ．A. shorten the time of cookingB. reduce the cost of making cookersC. raise money through donations to help African peopleD. reduce the number of deaths caused by harmful smoke.8.The underlined word“individuals“most probably means“ ______ ”A. cookersB. mirrorsC. peopleD. experts9.Which of the following about the“Sol-4”is TRUE？______A. It is six to eight square meters of mirrors.B. It can work in any weather condition nowC. It can also heat the pan by lighting firewoodD. It is more environment-friendly than other cookers.10.From the passage，we can infer that ______ ．A. the“Sol-4”will be designed in a smaller sizeB. more African can use the solar cookers in the futureC. the“Sol-4”is the first product of the south African companyD. the African government will provide poor people with solar cookers.CBy now, most people know they should be eating more vegetables. But are there ways to get more from the vegetables you already eat? A research shows that when it comes to vegetables, it’s not only how much we eat, but also how we prepare them, that decides the vitamins(维生素) and other nutrients(营养物)that enter our body.Many studies show that people who eat lots of vegetables have less heart disease, and eye problems and even cancer. But raw(生的) vegetables are not always best. The researchers found that 198 Germans who eat raw food were short of lycopene(番茄红素), the matter found in tomatoes and other red vegetables. “There is an idea that raw foods are always going to be better,” says Steven K. Clinton, a professor at Ohio State University. “For fruitsand vegetables, sometimes a little bit of cooking can be helpful.”Many facts decide how the vegetables do good to people’s health before they reach the table, including where and how they were grown and stored before being bought. No single cooking way is best. Some nutrients are easily lost in cooking if they are cooked in different ways.Vitamins C and B are often lost. In January, another report said that boiling(煮)was better for carrots thanfrying(油炸)or serving them raw. Frying was the worst way to cook.What cooked with the vegetables can also be important? When the vegetables were cooked with fat, the diners can get more nutrients. Fat can also make the taste of vegetables better, meaning that people will eat more of them. Putting on some other things that make it taste better—a little salt—can make the food taste better.11.The writer mainly wants to tell us that ________.A. eating vegetables is good for usB. people should eat more vegetablesC. how much vegetables one should eatD. the way people eat vegetables is important12.The people who eat the raw vegetables for a long time will ________.A. have the eyes problemsB. have heart diseaseC. be in need of lycopeneD. hate eating tomatoes13.Lycopene is rich in ________.A. red vegetablesB. raw vegetablesC. fried vegetablesD. boiled vegetables14.The followings decide how the vegetables do good to people EXCEPT ________ according to the passage.A. the place where the vegetables are grownB. the way how the vegetables are storedC. the way how the vegetables are preparedD. the price at which the vegetables are sold15.From the last paragraph, we can know ________.A. it’s better to cook the vegetables with the fatB. it’s better to cook the vegetables without saltC. the fat will increase the nutrition of the vegetablesD. the more fat in the cooking, the fewer vegetables people will eatDDo you have meals regularly? If the answer is “yes”, it would be great. However, many people are not doing as great as you. According to a new survey, half of British people say that they are too busy to have meals on time.The survey shows that 50% of British people don’t have meals on time. About 40% of them eat breakfast in less than 10 minutes. One fifth say that they don’t have breakfast or lunch. Instead, they choose to eat snacks to stop themselves from being hungry. About 47% say that they are so busy that they just have a sandwich at their desks. Many people eat snacks to get through the day. As a result, making people eat healthily is not an easy task. It seems that the traditional lunch hour is becoming a thing of the past.As we all know, breakfast is the most important meal of the day. But so many people don’t have breakfast every day. Even worse, nearly one in three people combine breakfast and lunch together.Many people have dinner very late in the evening. About 16% of people say that they often have dinner after 8 pm. That is time for the digestive system(消化系统) to slow down and get ready to sleep! Some people even eat snacks late at night!Everyday work is very important, of course. But health is much more important.16.What is the writer’s attitude towards the result of the survey?A. He is worried.B. He is happy.C. He doesn’t care.D. He doesn’t believe it.17.According to the survey, _________ of British people don’t have breakfast or lunch.A. 10%B. 20%C. 30%D. 50%18.What is the most important meal of the day?A. dinnerB. lunchC. breakfastD. snacks19.What does the writer think of having dinner after 8 pm?A. It is not healthy.B. It is very commonC. It is important.D. It is good for digestive system.20.What does the writer want to tell us?A. Many people don’t have breakfast.B. Eating snacks is bad for health.C. Several ways to keep healthy.D. We should have meals regularly.AMany young Chinese people make their effort to get a good night's sleep which could be harming their health，according to the results of a major survey published to mark World Sleep Day．The Chinese Sleep Research Society surveyed nearly 60，000people aged 10to 45，and found that 91percent of them reported "not having enough sleep" or "still being tired after sleep"．Only about 5.6percent of respondents said they felt energetic after sleep．About three quarters of respondents said they experienced difficulty falling asleep，and 13percent said they really struggled to fall asleep．Only about 11percent said they could sleep through the night without waking up．Many respondents said that work pressure has a main influence on their sleep quality，and could lead to bad sleep．The survey showed 60percent of the respondents would choose to work instead of sleep．In general，people with good education background were cared to be more self-disciplined（自律的）about getting enough sleep，but only 5percent of respondents had a routine（常规的）daily schedule．Sleep problems have little direct connection with income（收入），working conditions or social status，according to the survey．"The part of people with bad sleep is almost the same in different social layers，" the report stated．Surveyors said that stress，worries，and low spirits were the main causes in bad sleep，it would get worse because of by the obsession（着魔）with electronic products that could cause blue light effects breaking sleep．Some 93percent said they would play with smartphones before sleep，watching TV series or shopping online．Surveyors believed that the random life schedules would lead young Chinese people to have low work efficiency，low appetite，but higher cancer risk．21.How many people in the survey can sleep through the night without waking up ？______A. About 60，000．B. About 30，000．C. About 6，600．D. About 54，000．22.The word " respondents " in the passage means ______ ．A. The people who take part in this survey．B. The people who have sleep problems in China．C. The people who have difficulty falling asleep．D. The people who try to get a good night's sleep．23.What mainly influences our sleep quality？______A. Education and stress．B. Work pressure and income．C. Working conditions and stress．D. Work pressure and low spirits．24.The sleeping problem will get worse because of the followings EXCEPT ______ ．A. thinking of the worries in the dayB. watching TV series for a long timeC. having a glass of milk before sleepD. playing with smartphones before sleep25.What can learn from the passage？______A. People who have much money are sure to have a good sleep．B. People from different social layers have different sleep problemsC. Use smartphones less before sleep，or you'll have more sleep problems．D. If people don't have routine daily schedule，they will sleep well without waking up．BAre you sometimes a little tired and sleepy in the early afternoon？Many people feel this way after lunch. I have a habit of taking a nap (小睡) after lunch. Without a nap at noon，I will feel uncomfortable the whole afternoon.A nap after lunch can make me feel fresh and comfortable. Then I can work better in the afternoon.At noon－about six to eight hours after you wake up－your body temperature goes down. This is what makes you slow down and feel sleepy. So it is best for you to take a nap after lunch for about an hour.In many parts of the world，people take naps in the middle of the day，especially in hot weather，where the heat makes work difficult in the early afternoon. In fact，naps are good for everyone in any weather. A daily nap gives one a more relaxing body and mind in the early afternoon，and is good for health. In many countries where naps are traditional，people are seldom ill such as heart diseases.Many working people have no time to take naps though doctors may advise taking naps in the early afternoon. Here are a fewtips about your nap:Remember that the best time to take a nap is about eight hours after you get up. A short sleep too late in the day may only make you feel more tired and sleepy later. This can also happen if you sleep for too long. If you don't have enough time，try a short nap after lunch －－half an hour of nap can also be helpful.26.How long is the best time for a nap after lunch？A. Ten minutes.B. Half an hour.C. An hour.D. Two hours.27.Naps at noon can make people suffer less from ________．A. heart diseaseB. stomachacheC. lung cancerD. headache28.What does the underlined word "tips" in the passage mean？A. 规则B. 小费C. 禁忌D. 小贴士29.The best title of the passage is “________”．A. How to Work BetterB. Taking Naps In the Early AfternoonC. How to Relax Body and MindD. Tips to avoid Body Problems1. D2. D3. C4. B5. D6. A7. D8. C9. D10. B11. D12. C13. A14. D15. A16. A 17. B18. C19. A20. D21. C22. A23. D24. C 25. C26. C27. A28. D29. B。
初中英语解题思路科普环保类(阅读理解)
科普环保类专项练习学校:___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________一、阅读理解When you watch TV programs about wild animals, it is surprising to see how an antelope (羚羊) can run away from a strong lion. In the wilderness, everyone has his own way to protect himself. Even plants have their own ways to fight off enemies. Over millions of years, plants have developed their own defense system (防卫系统). Chemicals are fantastically used by plants to survive (幸存). By making their leaves, flowers, roots and fruits poisonous (有毒的) to enemies, plants can fight back. One such plant is the Golden Wattle tree. The British scientist David Cameron has found when an animal eats the tree’s leaves, the amount (数量) of poison increases in the other leaves. “It’s like the injured leaves telephoning the others to fight together against the enemy,” he said.The tree also sends defense messages to neighboring plants by giving out a special smell. Golden Wattle trees in the nearby 45 meters will get the message and produce more poison within 10 minutes. Now, if an enemy eats too many of the trees’ leaves, he will die.Every kind of plant or tree is good at producing a special set of chemicals. Herbivores, like rabbits, can safely eat the leaves of one tree, but they may be poisoned by its neighbor.In this way, plants have not only developed their own defense system, but also shared it with others. This makes it impossible for a single animal to destroy even a small area of forest.1．From the first 2 paragraphs, we can learn that _________.A. plants can do nothing against their enemiesB. chemicals are quite useful for plants to surviveC. an antelope can always run away from a strong lionD. leaves, roots, flowers and fruits of plants are poisonous2．If animals eat one Golden Wattle tree’s leaves, the tree can________.A. kill the animals with a special smellB. tell other trees to come to protect itC. warn other trees against the animals on the phoneD. send defense messages to the neighboring plants3．The underlined word “herbivores” in the 5th paragraph probably means animals which _____.A．produce poison B．live on small animalsC．like to eat rabbits D．feed on plants or grass4．The last paragraph of the passage suggests that this kind of defense system is ________.A．bad for animals B．good for forestsC．helpful to some animals D．harmful to forests5．The passage is mainly about __________.A．the examples of protecting forestsB．the balance between animals and plantsC．the ways of plants fighting against enemiesD．the relationship between lions and antelopesQi Haoran, a Junior 1 student, was quite busy over the past winter vacation – and not just with homework.Qi, together with 10 other classmates made a volunteer group to call on people to join the Clean Your Plate Campaign (“光盘行动”).The 11 students went to many restaurants and told people the importance of saving food.“Excuse me, do you know that 950 million people around the world still haven’t got enough to eat? Please don’t waste food.” They would say this kind of thing hundreds of times every day.The Clean Your Plate Campaign began on the Internet in January.It calls on people to reduce food waste.China in these years had serious problems with wasted TV reported in January that the food Chinese people waste every year is enough to feed 200 million people for a year.Chinese people are well known for being hospitable (好客的) and generous（大方的）.Many even feel that they lose face if their guests have eaten all the food.Luckily, the campaign has got the support of many.In a restaurant in Xinjiang, the owner give the guests who have eaten all that they ordered a sticker (贴花).People can enjoy a free meal when they have 10 stickers.More than 750 restaurants in Beijing have begun to offer smaller dishes and encourage their guests to take leftovers (剩饭剩菜) home.To reduce food waste is a big task, and it needs time.It’s important that everyone does their bit, just like Qi.Did you finish your meals today?根据短文内容，从A、B、C、D四个选项中选择最恰当的答案。
初三英语阅读理解之环保措施20题
初三英语阅读理解之环保措施20题1<背景文章>Garbage sorting is of great significance in our daily lives. It helps protect the environment and conserve resources. Firstly, by separating different types of waste, we can reduce the amount of waste that goes to landfills. This not only saves land but also reduces the pollution caused by landfill sites. Secondly, proper garbage sorting makes it easier to recycle materials such as paper, plastic, glass, and metal. Recycling these materials can save energy and reduce the need for extracting new raw materials.However, garbage sorting also faces some challenges. One of the main challenges is that people may not be fully aware of the importance of garbage sorting or may not know how to sort waste properly. Another challenge is the lack of infrastructure and facilities for proper waste disposal and recycling.There are several methods of garbage sorting. For household waste, we can divide it into four categories: recyclable waste, hazardous waste, kitchen waste, and other waste. Recyclable waste includes paper, plastic bottles, glass bottles, and metal cans. Hazardous waste includes batteries, light bulbs, and chemicals. Kitchen waste is mainly food scraps and leftovers. Other waste includes items that cannot be recycled or are nothazardous.In order to promote garbage sorting, governments and communities need to take measures. They can provide education and awareness campaigns to inform people about the importance of garbage sorting and how to do it properly. They can also set up more recycling facilities and improve waste management systems.Nowadays, more and more people are realizing the importance of garbage sorting and are taking actions to sort their waste. With everyone's efforts, we can make our environment cleaner and more sustainable.1. Garbage sorting can help ___.A. increase the amount of waste going to landfillsB. save land and reduce pollutionC. make recycling materials more difficultD. extract more new raw materials答案：B。