传热学专业英语词汇
(完整版)《工程热力学》、《传热学》课程专业词汇中英文对照表
《工程热力学》课程专业词汇中英文对照表thermodynamics热力学heat热work功irreversible process不可逆过程energylaw of energy conservation能量守恒定律temperature 温度thermal equilibrium热平衡Zeroth law of thermodynamics热力学第零定律temperature scale温标thermometer温度计thermodynamics scale of temperature 热力学温标density密度mass质量pressure压力gauge pressure表压absolute pressure绝对压力system系统boundary边界surrounding外界closed system闭口系统open system开口系统quantity of state状态参数process过程reversible process可逆过程irreversible process不可逆过程quasistatic process准静态过程isovolumetric process定容过程adiabatic process绝热过程isothermal process定温过程polytrophic process多变过程P-V diagram P-V 图absolute work 绝对功technical work技术功kinetic energy动能potential energy势能internal energy内能specific internal energy比内能specific heat capacity比热容constant volume specific heat capacity定容比热容constant pressure specific heat capacity定压比热容flow energy流动能enthalpy焓specific enthalpy比焓latent heat潜热sensible heat显热law of conservation of energy能量守恒定律first law of thermodynamics热力学第一定律nozzle喷管heat engine热机perpetual-motion machine of first kind第一类永动机ideal gas理想气体imperfect gas非理想气体equation of state状态方程式universal gas constant通用气体常数ratio of specific heat capacity比热容比Joule-Thomson effect焦耳－汤姆逊效应partial pressure分压力Dalton”s law道尔顿定律humidity湿度dry air干空气absolute humidity 绝对湿度saturated steam pressure饱和蒸汽压relative humidity相对湿度dew point露点cycle循环reciprocating engine往复式发动机bottom dead center下止点top dead center 上止点thermal efficiency热效率refrigerator制冷机heat pump热泵72 irreversibility不可逆性second law of thermodynamic热力学第二定律Clausius statement克劳修斯表述Kelven-Plank statement 开尔文－普朗克表述perpetual-motion machine of second kind第二类永动机isenthalpic process定焓过程Carnot cycle卡诺循环Clausius integral克劳修斯积分Clausius inequality克劳修斯不等式entropy熵absolute entropy绝对熵principle of the increase of entropy熵增原理T-S diagram T-S图real gas实际气体steam蒸汽boiling 沸腾evaporation汽化saturation pressure饱和压力wet saturated steam 湿蒸汽convergent nozzle渐缩喷管critical pressure临界压力Mach number马赫数compression ignition engine压缩点火发动机Diesel cycle狄赛尔循环combined cycle混合加热循环gas turbine燃气轮机steam prime mover蒸汽原动机boiler锅炉《传热学》课程专业词汇中英文对照表heat transfer热传递heat conduction导热convection对流natural convection自然对流free convection 自由对流forced convection 强制对流heat transfer by convection对流换热phase change 相变evaporation蒸发boiling沸腾condensation凝结melting融化solidification凝固thermal radiation热辐射temperature field温度场steady-state conduction稳态温度场transient conduction非稳态温度场temperature gradient 温度梯度isotherms 等温线cartesian coordinates直角坐标系heat flux热流密度矢量Fourier’s law导热基本定律heat Diffusion Equation导热微分方程式initial conditions初始条件boundary conditions边界条件thermal contact resistance接触热阻isothermal place等温面heat transfer rate热流量heat flux lines热流线heat flux热流密度thermal conductivity 导热系数thermal diffusivity热扩散率heat transfer coefficient换热系数thermal resistance热阻thermal resistance of fouling污垢热阻overall thermal resistance总热阻overall coefficient of heat transfer传热系数convection heat transfer对流换热dimensional analysis量纲分析boundary layer边界层analysis of the order of magnitude in boundary layer边界层的数量级分析boundary layer integral equation 边界层积分方程boundary layer differential equation边界层微分方程boundary grid point边界节点boundary layer condition边界条件turbulent flow湍流Nusselt number努谢尔特数Reynolds number 雷诺数Prandtl number普朗特数Grashof number 格拉晓夫数external flow外部流动flow along a flat plate外掠平板reference temperature定性温度equivalent diameter当量直径boiling heat transfer沸腾换热flow across single tube横掠单管flow across tube bundles横掠管束pool boiling大容器沸腾flow boiling流动沸腾forced convection boiling强制对流沸腾subcooled boiling过冷沸腾surface boiling 表面沸腾subcool temperature过冷温度saturated boiling饱和沸腾bulx boiling容积沸腾superheat过热度maximum heat flux point最大热流密度点nucleation center核化中心nucleate boiling核态沸腾burn out烧毁minimum heat flux point最小热流密度点film boiling膜态沸腾transition boiling过渡沸腾spheroidal state 球形状态boiling curve沸腾曲线condensation凝结condenser冷凝器film condensation膜状凝结drop-wise condensation珠状凝结mixed condensation 混合凝结radiation heat transfer辐射换热absolute black body 绝对黑体gray body灰体view factor 角系数spectrum 光谱Planck radiation law 普朗克辐射定律Rayleigh formula雷莱公式emissivity辐射率reflectivity 反射比emissive power辐射力degree of blackness黑度irradiation投入辐射radiosity有效辐射diffuse reflection漫反射diffuse surface漫射表面thermal shield 遮热板heat exchanger换热器parallel-flow 顺流counter-flow逆流effectiveness of heat exchanger 换热器的效能log-mean temperature difference对数平均温差。
传热学英文版Chap4
Consider a plate of thickness 2L. The plane is initially at a uniform temperature Ti and at time zero the surfaces are suddenly exposed to T = T∞. The boundary ∂T condition is: −k = h(Tw − T∞ )
θ T − T1 4 ∞ 1 −[ nπ / 2 L ] ατ nπx = = ∑ e sin θ i T − Ti π n =1 π 2L
n = 1,3,5,L
The solution for the third kind of boundary condition is:
θ ( x, τ ) = 2∑ e θi n =1
∞ 2 ατ − β ( ) L n L2
x sin( β n L) cos ( β n L) L β n L + sin( β n L) cos( β n L)
4-2 Lumped-Heat-Capacity System (集总参数系统) The analysis of transient heat conduction might be much simpler for systems which could be considered uniform in temperature. This type of analysis is called the lumped-heat capacity method. 1. Introduction
Where V/A has a dimension of length, denoted as s; and hs/k is the Biot number, BiV; ατ/s2 is called the Fourier number, (付里叶数) denoted by FoV; The subscript V means the characteristic length is V/A.
化工专业英语第三篇翻译
Heat Transfer 传热Heat, as a form of energy, cannot be created or destroyed. Heat can be transferred from one substance to another.热是能量的一种形式,不能创造也不能消灭。
热可以从一个物体传递到另一个物体。
Heat always tends to pass from warmer objects to cooler ones. When a warm substance comes in contact with a cold substance, the molecules of the warm substance collide （碰撞） whth the molecules of the cold substance, giving some of its energy to the cold molecules. This is only one way to transfer heat.热总是倾向于从较热的物体向较冷的物体传递。
当一个暖的物体与一个冷的物体接触时，暖物体的分子与冷物体的分子碰撞，把他们的部分能量传给冷物体的分子。
这仅仅是传递热的一种方式。
In a chemical plant, for example, in a refinery （炼油厂）, transfer of heat is very important , the successful operation of most processes is dependent on correct application of the principles (原理) of heat transfer. Where we are handling （处理；加工；操纵） a hot material, we may insulate（隔离，绝缘） the system to hold the heat in; where the material is cold, we insulate to keep the heat out. Efficient equipment, designed to take full advantage of (充分利用) processing heat, is in use on almost all chemical plants.在化工厂，例如一个精炼厂，传热是非常重要的，大多数过程的成功运行取决于传热原理的正确运用。
传热学英语词汇
传热学英语词汇一、基础词汇。
1. heat（[hiːt]，名词/动词）- 名词：热，热量。
例如：The heat from the sun is very strong.（来自太阳的热量很强。
）- 动词：加热。
例如：We need to heat the water.（我们需要加热水。
）2. transfer（[trænsˈfɜː(r)]，动词/名词）- 动词：传递，转移。
例如：Heat can transfer from one object to another.（热量能从一个物体传递到另一个物体。
）- 名词：转移，转让。
例如：The heat transfer in this system is complex.（这个系统中的热传递很复杂。
）3. conduction（[kənˈdʌkʃn]，名词）- 意思：传导。
例如：Conduction is one of the three modes of heat transfer.（传导是热传递的三种方式之一。
）4. convection（[kənˈvekʃn]，名词）- 意思：对流。
例如：Convection occurs in fluids.（对流发生在流体中。
）5. radiation（[ˌreɪdiˈeɪʃn]，名词）- 意思：辐射。
例如：The heat radiation from the fire can be felt from a distance.（从火发出的热辐射在远处就能感觉到。
）二、与物质相关词汇。
1. solid（[ˈsɒlɪd]，名词/形容词）- 名词：固体。
例如：Solids conduct heat differently from liquids.（固体传导热量的方式与液体不同。
）- 形容词：固体的，坚实的。
例如：A solid object has a definite shape.（固体物体有确定的形状。
热能工程专业英语
热能工程专业英语Aadiabatic process －绝热过程aero engine －航空发动机afterburner －加力燃烧室air fuel ratio －空燃比air conditioning －空调aviation fuel －航空燃料Bboiling －沸腾Brayton cycle －布雷顿循环Ccapacity －功率，容量carburetor －化油器combustion －燃烧combustion chamber －燃烧室compressor －压气机condenser －冷凝器crank case －曲轴箱cylinder －气缸Ddiesel engine －柴油机diffuser －扩压器dry satured steam －干饱和蒸汽Eejector －喷射器engine －引擎enthalpy －焓entropy －熵evaporation －蒸发exhaust －废气Ffan －风机feed water －供水fundamental interval －基本间隔Ggas turbine －燃气轮机gas generator －燃气发生器generator －发电机guided missile －导弹Hheat －热heat pump －热泵Iimpeller －叶轮internal energy －内能intercooler －中间冷却器isothermal process －等温过程Jjet engine －喷气发动机KKelvin scale －开尔文刻度kinetic energy －动能Llatent heat －潜热Pphase －相piston －活塞power output －功率输出pressure －压强pressure ratio －压力比prime mover －原动机Sscavengine －扫气SFC=Specific Fuel Consumption －燃油消耗率stability －稳定性stator －定子stroke －冲程superheated steam －过热蒸汽Ttemperature －温度thermal capacity －热容量thermal efficiency －热效率thermal equilibrium －热平衡thermodynamics －热力学thermodynamic cycle －热力学循环thermometer －温度计thermometry －计温学turbofan －涡轮风扇发动机turboprop －涡轮螺桨发动机two-stage turbocharger －两级涡轮增压器Vvacuum －真空viscosity －粘性Wwaste-heat recovery －废热回收wet steam －湿蒸汽Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics －南京航空航天大学College of Energy & Power Engineering －能源与动力工程学院Thermal Energy and Dynamic Engineering －热能与动力工程Engineering Thermodynamics －工程热物理major ＝specialty －专业。
工程热力学与传热学(英文) 第1章 基本概念
1-2-3 Basis Properties（基本状态参数）
1. Temperature
（1）Thermodynamics definition of temperature（温度） It’s the property to describe if systems are in thermal equilibrium . （2）The zeroth law of thermodynamics（热力学第零定律） If two bodies are in thermal equilibrium with a third body , they are also in thermal equilibrium each other.
(control mass)
system
b: Open system（开口系统 )
boundry
• Both mass and energy can cross the boundary
(control volume )
inlet
closed system
system boundry open system outlet
An open system with one inlet and one exit
出口
（outlet）
The boundary can be real or imaginary, fixed or movable, has no thickness and volume , and does not contain any substance.
（1）Definition: The force exerted by a fluid per unit area，p （2）Units（单位）
传热学英文版Chap6
1. The Bulk Temperature (截面流体平均温度)
Tb 2πρc Turdr ∫ = ∫ 2πρc urdr
0 p ro 0 p ro
dx Tb1 q Tb2
For the figure, the total energy added to the fluid is:
& c p (Tb 2 − Tb1 ) q=m & c p dTb = h2πrdx(Tw − Tb ) dq = m
Chapter 6 Empirical (经验) and Practical Relations for Forced Convection Heat Transfer
6-1 Introduction Analytical solution is only possible for some simple cases; It is not always possible to obtain analytical solutions to convection problems; Experimental methods have to be used; It is difficult to find a proper correlation (关联式) form using experimental data; Analytical solutions can help to determine such forms; Dimensionless numbers should be used to generalize the results of experimental data.
0.8 0.4
Nu = 0.0214(Re − 100) Pr It is valid for: Re = 104 ∼ 5 × 106, Pr = 0.5 ∼ 1.5; or 0.87 0.4 Nu = 0.012(Re − 280) Pr It is valid for: Re = 3000 ∼ 1 × 106, Pr = 1.5 ∼ 500. If the temperature difference is very big, property variations should be taken into account.
传热学英文版Chap5
Momentum equation:
Analytical solutions to the laminar flow above a flat plate was obtained first by Blasius (Appendix B, p655), from which the thickness of the boundary layer is:
region xc u∝ y x Transition Turbulent u∝
δ
(层流底层)
Laminar sublayer
5-3 Inviscid (无粘) Flow Although no real fluid is inviscid, in some cases the flow may be treated as such. For example, in the flat plate problem discussed above, the flow above the boundary layer will behave as a nonviscous flow system. This is because the shear stress is τ = µ du and above the boundary layer, there is no velocity gradient, which yields τ=0 For inviscid flow, there is u∝ the Bernoulli equation for flow along a streamline:
The net viscous work done on element can be computed as a product of the viscous-shear force and the distance it moves. The viscous-shear force is the product of the stress and ∂u y the area dx: µ dx ∂y The distance should be the difference u of the velocity of the up and bottom v face by unit time: ∂u dy x ∂y So the net viscous work done on the element is: 2 ∂u µ dxdy ∂y According to the quantities, after neglecting the second order differentials, the energy balance will be:
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Chapter 1 Thermodynamics and Heat Transfer 主要内容1.Concepts:heat (thermal energy)、heat transfer、thermodynamics、total amount of heat transfer、heat transfer rate、heat flux、conduction、convection、radiation2.Equations:1) The first law of thermodynamics (conservation of energy principle)2) Heat balance equation: a) closed system; b) open system (steady-flow)3) Fourier’s law of heat conduction4) Newton’s law of cooling5) Stefan-Boltzmann law主要专业词汇heat transfer 传热、热传递、传热学thermodynamics热力学caloric 热素specific heat 比热mass flow rate 质量流率latent heat 潜热sensible heat 显热heat flux热流密度heat transfer rate热流量total amount of heat transfer总热量conduction导热convection对流radiation辐射thermal conductivity 热导率thermal diffusivity 热扩散率convection/combined heat transfer coefficient 对流/综合换热系数emissivity 发射率absorptivity 吸收率simultaneous heat transfer 复合换热Chapter 2 Heat Conduction Equation主要内容1.Concepts:temperature field、temperature gradient、heat generation、initial condition、boundary condition、steady\transient heat transfer、uniform\nonuniform temperature distribution2.Equations:1) Fourier’s law of heat conduction (§2-1)2) Heat conduction equation (inrectangular\cylindrical\spherical coordinates) (§2-2、§2-3)3) Boundary conditions: (§2-4)a)Specified temperature B. C.b) Specified heat flux B. C. [special case(dt/dx=0):insulation、thermal symmetry];c) Convection B.C.d) Radiation B.C.e) Interface B.C.4) Average thermal conductivity k ave(§2-7)5) Solution of one-dimensional, steady heat conduction inplane walls、cylinders and spheres (k =const)：a) no heat generation, specified B.C.: T(x) or T(r) (§2-5)Q(x) or Q(r), Q=constb) with heat generation, Specified B.C. or Convection B.C. : (§2-6)∆T max=T o-T s= gs2/2nk ; q(x)=gx/n; T s=T + gs/nh characteristic length S, shape factor n:plane walls —s = L (half thickness), n = 1cylinders ——s =r o, n = 2spheres ——s =r o, n =33.Methods: Solve a heat transfer problem1) Mathematical formulation (differential equation & B.C.)2) General solution of equation3) Application of B.C.s4) Unique solution of the problem主要专业词汇temperature field\distribution温度场\分布temperature gradient温度梯度heat generation热生成(热源)initial\boundary condition初始\边界条件transient heat transfer瞬态(非稳态)传热isothermal surface 等温面Heat conduction differential equation 导热微分方程trial and error method试算法iterate迭代convergence 收敛Chapter 3 Steady Heat Conduction主要内容1.Concepts:multilayer\composite wall overall heat transfer coefficient Uthermal resistance R t thermal contact resistance R c critical radius of insulation R crfin efficiency fin effectiveness2.Equations:✓Multiplayer plane wall、cylinders and spheres:✓Fin: fin equation——refer to the attachment.1) Uniform cross-section: refer to the attachment.2) Varying cross-section: refer to the attachment.主要专业词汇thermal resistance热阻parallel 并联in series串联thermal contact resistance 接触热阻composite wall 复合壁面thermal grease 热脂cross-section 横截面temperature execess 过余温度hyperbolic 双曲线的exponent 指数fin 肋(翅)片fin base 肋基fin tip 肋端fin efficiency 肋效率fin effectiveness 肋片有效度Chapter 4 Transient Heat Conduction主要内容1.Concepts:lumped system analysis characteristic length (L c=V/A)Biot number (Bi=hL c /k) Fourier number ( τ = at/L)2.Equations:●Bi≤0, lumped system analysis (§4-1)●Bi>0, Heisler/Grober charts OR analytical expressions1-D：a) infinite large plane walls, long cylinders and spheres (§4-2)b) semi-infinite solids (§4-3)multidimensional: product solution (§4-4)主要专业词汇lumped system analysis 集总参数法characteristic length 特征长度（尺寸）dimension 量纲nondimensionalize 无量纲化dimensionless quantity 无量纲量semi-infinite solid 半无限大固体complementary error function 误差余函数series 级数production solution 乘积解Chapter 5 Numerical Methods in Heat Conduction主要内容1.Concepts:control volume (energy balance) method、finite difference method、discretization、node、space step、time step、mesh Biot number、mesh Fourier number、mirror image concept、explicit/implicit method、stability criterion (primary coefficients ≥0)Numerical error: 1) discretization/truncation error; 2) round-off error2.Methods:Numerical solution:1) Discretization in space and time (∆x, ∆t);2) Build all nodes’finite difference formulations (including interior and boundary nodes);i.Finite difference methodii.Energy balance method (i.e.Control Volume method)3) Solution of nodal difference eqs. of heat conduction;i.Direct method: Gaussian Eliminationii.Iterative method: Gauss-Seidel iteration主要专业词汇control volume 控制容积finite difference有限差分Taylor series expression泰勒级数展开式mirror image concept 镜像法Elimination method 消元法direct/iterative method 直接/迭代方法explicit/implicit method 显式/隐式格式stability criterion 稳定性条件primary coefficients 主系数unconditionally 无条件地algebraic eq. 代数方程discretization/truncation error 离散/截断误差round-off error 舍入误差Chapter 6、7 Forced Convection and NaturalConvection主要内容1.Concepts:Nu、Re、Gr、PrForce/natural convection、external/internal flow、velocity/thermal boundary layerflow regimes、laminar/turbulent flowhydrodynamic/thermal entry region、fully developed regionCritical Reynolds Number (Re c)、hydraulic diameter (D h)、film temperature (T f)、bulk mean fluid temperature (T b)logarithmic mean temperature difference ( T ln)volume expansion coefficient (β= 1/T)effective thermal conductivity (K eff = K Nu)2.Equations:Drag force ：F D = C f AρV2/2Heat transfer rate：Q = hA(T s-T )3．Typical Convection Phenomena:1) Forced convection：external flow——flow over flat plates (§6-4)——flow across cylinders and spheres (§6-5)internal flow——flow in tubes (§6-6)2) Natural convection：flow over surfaces (§7-2)flow inside enclosures (§7-3)主要专业词汇Force/natural convection 自然/强制对流laminar/turbulent flow 层/湍流boundary layer 边界层laminar sublayer 层流底层buffer layer 缓冲层transition region 过渡区flow regimes 流态inertia/viscous force 惯性/粘性力shear stress 剪切应力friction/drag coefficient 摩擦/阻力系数friction factor 摩擦因子dynamic/kinematic viscous 动力/运动粘度wake 尾流stagnation point 滞止点flow separation 流体分离vortex 漩涡rotational motion 环流velocity fluctuation 速度脉动hydrodynamic 水动力学的hydraulic diameter 水力直径fully developed region 充分发展段volume flow rate 体积流量arithmetic/logarithmic mean temperature difference 算术/对数平均温差volume expansion coefficient 体积膨胀系数interferometer 干涉仪asymptotic渐近线的effective thermal conductivity 有效热导率analogical method 类比法integral approach 积分近似法order of magnitude analysis 数量级分析法similarity principle 相似原理Chapter 9 Radiation Heat Transfer主要内容1.Concepts:black body、gray body、diffuse surface、emissive power (E)emissivity (ε)、absorptivity (α)、reflectivity (ρ)、transmissivity (τ) irradiation(G)、radiosity(J)、reradiating(adiabatic) surfaceview factor (F ij)、radiation network、space resistance、surface resistance radiation shieldgas radiation、transparent medium to radiation、absorbing and transmitting mediumws:Blackbody：(1) Plank’s law(2) Stefan-Boltzmann’s law(3) Wien’s displacement lawGraybody：(4) Kirchhoff’s lawActual body：E (T) = εE b(T) = εσT4W/m2Gas：(5) Beer’s law3．Calculation:1) View factor：reciprocity/summation/superposition/symmetry Rulecrossed-strings method2) Radiation heat transfer：Radiation networkOpen system：between two surface (e.g. two large parallel plates) Enclosure：2-surface enclosure；3-surface enclosureRadiation shield主要专业词汇thermal radiation热辐射、quantum theory量子理论、index of refraction 折射系数electromagnetic wave/spectrum 电磁波/波谱、ultraviolet (UV) rays紫外线、infrared (IR) rays 红外线absorptivity 吸收率、reflectivity 反射率、transmissivity 透射率、emissivity (ε) 发射率(黑度)、specular/diffuse reflection 镜反射/漫反射irradiation (incident radiation) 投入辐射、radiosity 有效辐射spectral/directional/total emissive power单色/定向/总辐射力fraction of radiation energy 辐射能量份额(辐射比)、blackbody radiation function 黑体辐射函数view factor 辐射角系数、crossed-strings method交叉线法、reciprocity/summation/superposition/symmetry Rule相互/完整/和分/对称性net radiation heat transfer 净辐射热流量radiation network 辐射网络图、space/surface radiation resistance 空间/表面辐射热阻、reradiating surface重辐射面、adiabatic 绝热的radiation shield遮热板transparent medium to radiation辐射透热体、absorbing and transmitting medium吸收-透过性介质Chapter 10 Heat Exchangers主要内容1.Concepts:heat exchanger type---- double-pipe、compact、shell-and-tube、plate-and-frame、regenerative heat exchangerparallel/counter/cross/multipass flowoverall heat transfer coefficient (U) fouling factor (R f)heat capacity rate capacity rationlog mean temperature difference (ΔT lm)heat transfer effectiveness (ε)number of transfer units (NTU)2.Equations:1) heat balance eq.: Q = C h (T h,in - T h,out)=C c(T c,out - T c,in)2) heat transfer eq.: Q = UAΔT lm( LMTD method)or Q = εQ max = εC min (T h,in ？C T c,in) ( ε-NTU method) 3．Methods:1) LMTD Method：select a heat exchangerKnown: C h、C c、3‘T’Predict: 1‘T’、Q、A2) ε-NTU Method：evaluate the performance of a specified heat exchangerKnown: C h、C c、UA、T h,in、T c,inPredict: Q、T h,out、T c,out主要专业词汇double-pipe/compact/shell-and-tube/plate-and-frame/regenerative heat exchanger套管式/紧凑式/壳管式/板式/蓄热（再生）式换热器parallel/counter/cross/multipass flow 顺流/逆流/叉流/多程流area density 面积密度tube/shell pass 管程/壳程static/dynamic type 静/动态型baffle 挡板header 封头nozzle管嘴guide bar 导向杆porthole 孔口gasket 垫圈lateral 侧面的/横向的fouling factor 污垢因子heat capacity rate 水当量heat transfer effectiveness (ε) 传热有效度number of transfer units (NTU) 传热单元数。