2019年06月大学英语4级考试真题(CET4)
2019年6月英语四级考试真题_共2页
同学是上海交大的，从他老师那里要来的题，说是今年命题组会出，现在分享给大家，不管你信不信，反正我信Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Eachpassage is followed by some questions orunfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C andD . You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on AnswerSheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions46 to 50 are based on the following passage.Educators today are more and more oftenheard to saythat computer literacy is absolutely necessary forcollegestudents. Many even argue that each incomingfreshman should have permanentaccess to his or her ownmicrocomputer.What advantages do computers offer thecollege students?Any student who has used a word processorwill know one compelling reason to use a computer:to writepapers. Although notall students feel comfortable composing on aword processor,most ,findrevising and editingmuch easier on it. One can alter, insert, or delete just bypressing afew keys,thus eliminating the need to rewriteorre-type.Furthermore,since the revision process is less burdensome, students are morelikely to revise as often as isnecessary to end up with the best paperpossible. Forthese reasons, many freshman English cottrses require the useof aword processor.Computers are also useful in the contextof language courses,where they are used to drill students in basicskills.Software programs reinforce ESL(English as aSecond Language .instruction, aswell as instrnction inFrench,German,Spanish,and other languages.By usingthese programs on a regular basis,students can improvetheir proficiency in alanguage while proceeding at their own pace.Science students take advantage ofcomputers in manying computer graphic capabilities,forexample, botanystudents can represent and analyze different plantgrowth patterns.Medicalstudents can learn tointerpret computerized images of internal body structures.Physicsstudents can complete complex calculations farmore quickly than theycould without the use of computer.Similarly, business and accountingstudents find thatcomputer spreadsheet programs are all butindispensabletomany aspects of their work, while students pursuing careers in graphic arts,marketing, and publicrelations find thatknowledge of computer graphic isimportant Education majors learn to develop grading systems usingcomputers,while social science students use computers for analyzing andgraphically displacing theirresearch results.It is no wonder,then,that educatorssupport the purchase and use of microcomputers by students. A Versatile tool, the computer can help students learn.And that is,after all, the reason for going to college.46 、 The word"literacy"(Line1,Paragraph1)means _________.A.the ability to read andwriteB.the ability to useC.literatureD.the knowledge of language47、 The main purpose of thispassage is to _________.A.persuade the educators toincrease computer use intheir own classroomB.analyze advantages anddisadvantages of computer use among college studentsC.identify some of the waysthat computers benefit college studentsD.describe how computers canbe used to teachforeign languages48、According to the author, aword processor can be usedto_________.A.revise papersB.retype papersC.reduce the psychologicalburden of writingpapers D.improve the writing skillsof a student49、 In this passage, thewriter's argument is developed primarily through the use of_________.A.cause-effect analysisparison andcontrastC.inductionD.examples50、 According to the author,the reason for students to go to college is _________.A.to learn somethingB.to perfect themselvesC.to improve computerskillsD.to make the best use ofcomputersPassage TwoQuestions51 to 55 are based on the following passage.Language is, and should be, a livingthing, constantly enriched with new words and forms of expression. Butthereisa vital distinction between good developments,which add to the language,enabling us to say things wecould not saybefore,and bad developments,whichsubtract from the language by rendering it less precise.Avivacious, colorfuluse of words is not to be confused with mere slovenliness.The kind ofslovenliness in whichsome professionals deliberately indulge is perhaps akin tothecult ( 迷信 . of theunfinished work, which haseroded most ofthe arts in our time. And the trueanswer to it is the samethat art is enhanced, not hindered, bydiscipline. Youcannotcarve satisfactorily in butter.The corruption of written English hasbeen accompanied by an even sharper decline in the standard of spoken English. Wespeak very much less well than wascommonamong educated Englishmen a generation or two ago.The modem theatre has played a baneful ( 有害的in dimming our appreciation oflanguage. Instead ) part oftheimmensely articulate dialogue of, for example, Shaw(whowas also very insistent on good pronunciation.,audiencesare now subjectedto streams of barely literate trivia,often designed,only too well,toexhibit'laek ofcommunication', and larded (夹杂 . with theobscenities( 下流的话 . and grammatical errors of theintellectually impoverished.Emily Post once advised her readers: "Thetheatre is the best possible place to hear correctly-enunciated speech. "Alas, no more. One youngactress was recently reported to be taking lessons inhowto speakbadly, so that she should fit in better.But the BBC is the worst traitor. Aideryears of very successfully helping to raise the general standard ofspokenEnglish,it suddenly went into reverse. As the head of the Pronunciation Unitcoyly( 含蓄地 .put it,"In the1960s the BBC opened thefield to a much wider range of speakers." To hear a BBC disc jockeytalking to thelatestape-like pop idol is a truly shocking experience of verbalsqualor. And the prospect seems to be of evenworseto come. School teachers areactively encouraged to ignore little Johnny's incoherent grammar,atrociousspelling and haphazard punctuation,because worrying about such thingsmight inhibit his creative genius.51 、 The writer relateslinguistic slovenliness tendencies in the arts today in that they both_________A.occasionally aim at acertain fluidityB.appear to shunperfectionC.from time to time showregard for the finishingD.make use of economical shortcutsto touch52 、 "Art is enhanced,nothindered,by discipline" (Lines 6-7, Paragraph 1 ) means_________A.an artist's work will befiner if he observes certain aesthetic standardsB.an unfinished work is boundto be comparatively inferiorC.the skill of certain artistsconceals their slovenlinessD.artistic expression isinhibited by too many rules53 、 Many modem plays,theauthor finds,frequently contain speech which _________A.is incoherent andlinguistically objectionableB.is far too ungrammatical formost people to followC.unintentionally shocks theaudienceD.tries to hide the author'sintellectual inadequacies54、 The author says that thestandard of the spokenEnglish of BBC _________A.is the worst among allbroadcasting networksB.has taken a turn for theworse since the 1960sC.has raised English-speakingup to a new levelD.is terrible because of a fewpopular disc jockeys55 、 Teachers are likely tooverlook the linguistic lapses in their pupils since_________A.they find that children nolonger respond to this kind of discipline nowadaysB.they fear the children maybecome less coherentC.more importance is nowattached to oral expressionD.the children may bediscouraged from expressing their ideas。
2019年6月CET4真题(一)
2019年6月大学英语四级考试真题(一)Part I Writing (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a news report to your campus newspaper on a visit to a local farm organized by your Student Union. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.Part H Listening Comprehension (25 minutes)Section ADirections：In this section, you will hear three news reports. At the end of each news report, you will hear two or three questions. Both the news report and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B'), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 1 and 2 are based on the news report you have just heard.1.A) He set a record by swimming to and from an island.B)He celebrated his ninth birthday on a small island.C)He visited a prison located on a faraway island.D)He swam around an island near San Francisco.2.A) He doubled the reward. C) He cheered him on all the way.B)He set him an example. D) He had the event covered on TV.Questions 3 and 4 are based on the news report you have just heard.3.A) To end the one-child policy. C) To increase working efficiency.B)To encourage late marriage. D) To give people more time to travel.4.A) They will not be welcomed by young people.B)They will help to popularize early marriage.C)They will boost China5s economic growth.D)They will not come into immediate effect.Questions 5 to 7 are based on the news report you have just heard.5.A) Cleaning service in great demand all over the world.B)Two ladies giving up well-paid jobs to do cleaning.C) A new company to clean up the mess after parties.D)Cleaners gainfully employed at nights and weekends.6.A) It takes a lot of time to prepare. C) It makes party goers exhausted.B)It leaves the house in a mess. D) It creates noise and misconduct.四级2019年6月1四级2019年6月 2 7. A) Hire an Australian lawyer.B) Visit the U. S. and Canada. Section BDirections ： In this section, you will hear two long conversations. At the end of each conversation, you will hear four questions. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 8 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard.8. A) He had a driving lesson.B) He got his driver's license.9. A) He was not well prepared.B) He did not get to the exam in time.10. A) They are tough.B) They are costly.11. A) Pass his road test the first time.B) Test-drive a few times on highways.Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation yon have just heard.12. A) Where the woman studies.B) The acceptance rate at Leeds.13. A) Apply to an American university.B) Do research on higher education.14. A) His favorable recommendations.B) His outstanding musical talent.15. A) Do a master's degree.B) Settle down in England. Section CDirections ： In this section, you will hear three passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear three or four questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A ), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard.A) They help farmers keep diseases in check.B) Many species remain unknown to scientists.C) Only a few species cause trouble to humans.D) They live in incredibly well-organized colonies.A)They are larger than many other species. B) They can cause damage to people's homes. A) Deny them access to any food. B) Keep doors and windows shut.C) Settle a legal dispute. D) Expand their business.C) He took the driver's theory exam. D) He passed the driver's road test. C) He was not used to the test format. D) He did not follow the test procedure. C) They are helpful. D) They are too short. C) Find an experienced driving instructor. D) Earn enough money for driving lessons. C) Leeds' tuition for international students. D) How to apply for studies at a university. C) Perform in a famous musical. D) Pursue postgraduate studies. C) His academic excellence. D) His unique experience. C) Travel widely. D) Teach overseas. 16. C) They can survive a long time without water. D) They like to form colonies in electrical units. C) Destroy their colonies close by.D) Refrain from eating sugary food.17. 18.Questions 19 to 21 are based on the passage you have just heard.19.A) The function of the human immune system.B)The cause of various auto-immune diseases.C)The viruses that may infect the human immune system.D)The change in people's immune system as they get older.20.A) Report their illnesses. C) Act as research assistants.B)Offer blood samples. D) Help to interview patients.21.A) Strengthening people's immunity to infection.B)Better understanding patients* immune system.C)Helping improve old people's health conditions.D)Further reducing old patients5 medical expenses.Questions 22 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.22.A) His students had trouble getting on with each other.B) A lot of kids stayed at school to do their homework.C)His students were struggling to follow his lessons.D) A group of kids were playing chess after school.23.A) Visit a chess team in Nashville. C) Participate in a national chess competition.B) Join the schooFs chess team. D) Receive training for a chess competition.24.A) Most of them come from low-income families.B)Many have become national chess champions.C) A couple of them have got involved in crimes.D)Many became chess coaches after graduation.25.A) Actions speak louder than words. C) Translate their words into action.B) Think twice before taking action. D) Take action before it gets too late.Part H Reading Comprehension (40 minutes)Section ADirections：In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.The center of American automobile innovation has in the past decade moved 2,000 miles away. It has 26 from Detroit to Silicon Valley, where self-driving vehicles are coming to life.In a 27 to take production back to Detroit, Michigan lawmakers have introduced 28 that could make their state the best place in the country, if not the world, to develop self-driving vehicles and put them on the road. ':宀“Michigan's 29 in auto research and development is under attack from several states and countries which desire to ・30 our leadership in transportation. We can't let that happen,w says Senator Mike Kowall, the lead , 31 of four bills recently introduced.四级2019年6月3If all four bills pass as written, they would 32 a substantial update of Michigan's 2013 law that allowed the testing of self-driving vehicles in limited conditions. Manufacturers would have nearly total freedom to test their self-driving technology on public roads. They would be allowed to send groups of selfdriving cars on cross-state road trips, and even set up on-demand 33 of self-driving cars, like the one General Motors and Lyft are building.Lawmakers in Michigan clearly want to make the state ready for the commercial application of selfdriving technology. In 34 , California, home of Silicon Valley, recently proposed far more35 rules that would require human drivers be ready to take the wheel, and ban commercial use of self-driving technology.Section BDirections：In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.How Work Will Change When Most of Us Live to 100A)Today in the United States there are 72,000 centenarians (百岁老人).Worldwide, probably 450,000. If currenttrends continue, then by 2050 there will be more than a million in the US alone. According to the work of Professor James Vaupel and his co-researchers, 50% of babies born in the US in 2007 have a life expectancy of 104 or more. Broadly the same holds for the UK, Germany, France, Italy and Canada, and for Japan 50% of 2007 babies can expect to live to 107.B)Understandably, there are concerns about what this means for public finances given the associated health andpension challenges. These challenges are real, and society urgently needs to address them. But it is also important to look at the wider picture of what happens when so many people live for 100 years. It is a mistake to simply equate longevity (长寿)with issues of old age. Longer lives have implications for all of life, not just the end of it.C)Our view is that if many people are living for longer, and are healthier for longer, then this will result in aninevitable redesign of work and life. When people live longer, they are not only older for longer, but also younger for longer. There is some truth in the saying that "70 is the new 60" or "40 the new 30." If you age more slowly over a longer time period, then you are in some sense younger for longer.D)But the changes go further than that. Take, for instance, the age at which people make commitments such asbuying a house, getting married, having children, or starting a career. These are all fundamental commitments that are now occurring later in life. In 1962, 50% of Americans were married by age 21. By 2014, that milestone (里程碑)had shifted to age 29.E)While there are numerous factors behind these shifts, one factor surely a growing realization for the young that they are going to live longer. Options are more valuable the longer they can be held. So if you believe you will live四级2019年6月4longer, then options become more valuable, and early commitment becomes less attractive. The result is that the commitments that previously characterized the beginning of adulthood are now being delayed, and new patterns of behavior and a new stage of life are emerging for those in their twenties.F)Longevity also pushes back the age of retirement, and not only for financial reasons. Yes, unless people areprepared to save a lot more, our calculations suggest that if you are now in your mid-40s, then you are likely to work until your early 70s； and if you are in your early 20s, there is a real chance you will need to work until your late 70s or possibly even into your 80s. But even if people are able to economically support a retirement at 65, over thirty years of potential inactivity is harmful to cognitive(认知的)and emotional vitality. Many people may simply not want to do it.G)And yet that does not mean that simply extending our careers is appealing. Just lengthening that second stageof full-time work may secure the financial assets needed for a 100-year life, but such persistent work will inevitably exhaust precious intangible assets such as productive skills, vitality, happiness, and friendship.H)The same is true for education. It is impossible that a single shot of education, administered in childhood andearly adulthood, will be able to support a sustained, 60-year career. If you factor in the projected rates of technological change, either your skills will become unnecessary, or your industry outdated. That means that everyone will, at some point in their life, have to make a number of major reinvestments in their skills.I)It seems likely, then, that the traditional three-stage life will evolve into multiple stages containing two, three,or even more different careers. Each of these stages could potentially be different. In one the focus could be on building financial success and personal achievement, in another on creating a better work/life balance, still another on exploring and understanding options more fully, or becoming an independent producer, yet another on making a social contribution. These stages will span sectors, take people to different cities, and provide a foundation for building a wide variety of skills.J)Transitions between stages could be marked with sabbaticals (休假)as people find time to rest and recharge their health, re-invest in their relationships, or improve their skills. At times, these breaks and transitions will be self-determined, at others they will be forced as existing roles, firms, or industries cease to exist.K)A multi-stage life will have profound changes not just in how you manage your career, but also in your approach to life. An increasingly important skill will be your ability to deal with change and even welcome it. A three-stage life has few transitions, while a multi-stage life has many. That is why being self-aware, investing in broader networks of friends, and being open to new ideas will become even more crucial skills.L)These multi-stage lives will create extraordinary variety across groups of people simply because there are so many ways of sequencing the stages. More stages mean more possible sequences.M)With this variety will come the end of the close association of age and stage. In a three-stage life, people leave university at the same time and the same age, they tend to start their careers and family at the same age, they proceed through middle management all roughly the same time, and then move into retirement within a few years of each other. In a multi-stage life, you could be an undergraduate at 20, 40, or 60； a manager at 30, 50, or 70 ； and become an independent producer at any age.N） Current life structures, career paths, educational choices, and social norms are out of tune with the emerging reality of longer lifespans. The three-stage life of full-time education, followed by continuous work, and then complete retirement may have worked for our parents or even grandparents, but it is not relevant today. We believe that to focus on longevity as primarily an issue of aging is to miss its full implications. Longevity is not necessarily about being older for longer. It is about living longer, being older later, and being younger longer.四级2019年6月536.An extended lifespan in the future will allow people to have more careers than now.37.Just extending one's career may have both positive and negative effects.38.Nowadays, many Americans have on average delayed their marriage by some eight years.39.Because of their longer lifespan, young people today no longer follow the pattern of life of their parents orgrandparents.40.Many more people will be expected to live over 100 by the mid-21 st century.41. A longer life will cause radical changes in people's approach to life.42.Fast technological change makes it necessary for one to constantly upgrade their skills.43.Many people may not want to retire early because it would do harm to their mental and emotional well-being.44.The close link between age and stage may cease to exist in a multi-stage life.45.People living a longer and healthier life will have to rearrange their work and life.Section CDirections：There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A）, B）, C）and D）. You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.In the classic marriage vow（誓约），couples promise to stay together in sickness and in health. But a new study finds that the risk of divorce among older couples rises when the wife—not the husband— becomes seriously ill."Married women diagnosed with a serious health condition may find themselves struggling with the impact of their disease while also experiencing the stress of divorce,w said researcher Amelia Karraker.Karraker and co-author Kenzie Latham analyzed 20 years of data on 2,717 marriages from a study conducted by Indiana University since 1992. At the time of the first interview, at least one of the partners was over the age of 50.The researchers examined how the onset（发生）of four serious physical illnesses affected marriages. They found that, overall, 31% of marriages ended in divorce over the period studied. The incidence of new chronic（，慢?性＞的）illness onset increased over time as well, with more husbands than wives developing serious health problems."We found that women are doubly vulnerable to marital break-up in the face of illness," Karraker said. "They're more likely to be widowed, and if they're the ones who become ill, they're，more likely to get divorced."While the study didn't assess why divorce is more likely when wives but not husbands become seriously ill, Karraker offers a few possible reasons. 4<Gender norms and social expectations about caregiving may make it more difficult for men to provide care to sick spouses," Karraker said. "And because of the imbalance in marriage markets, especially in older ages, divorced men have more choices among prospective partners than divorced women."Given the increasing concern about health care costs for the aging population, Karraker believes policymakers should be aware of the relationship between disease and risk of divorce.K Offering support services to spouses caring for their other halves may reduce marital stress and prevent divorce at older ages," she said. "But it's also important to recognize that the pressure to divorce may be health-related and that sick ex-wives may need additional care and services to prevent worsening health and increased health costs. ”四级2019年6月646.What can we learn about marriage vows from the passage?A)They may not guarantee a lasting marriage. C) They are not taken seriously any more.B)They are as binding as they used to be. D) They may help couples tide over hard times.47.What did Karraker and co-author Kenzie Latham find about elderly husbands?A)They are generally not good at taking care of themselves.B)They can become increasingly vulnerable to serious illnesses.C)They can develop different kinds of illnesses just like their wives.D)They are more likely to contract serious illnesses than their wives.48.What does Karraker say about women who fall ill?A)They are more likely to be widowed. C) They are less likely to receive good care.B)They are more likely to get divorced. D) They are less likely to bother their spouses.49.Why is it more difficult for men to take care of their sick spouses according to Karraker?A)They are more accustomed to receiving care.B)They find it more important to make money for the family.C)They think it more urgent to fulfill their social obligations.D)They expect society to do more of the job.50.What does Karraker think is also important?A)Reducing marital stress on wives. C) Providing extra care for divorced women.B)Stabilizing old couples5 relations. D) Making men pay for their wives' health costs. Passage TwoQuestions 51 to 55 are based on the followii^ passage.If you were like most children, you probably got upset when your mother called you by a sibling's (兄弟姐妹的)name. How could she not know you? Did it mean she loved you less?Probably not. According to the first research to tackle this topic head-on, misnaming the most familiar people in our life is a common cognitive (认知的)error that has to do with how our memories classify and store familiar names.The study, published online in April in the journal Memory and Cognition,found that the “wrong" name is not random but is invariably fished out from the same relationship pond： children, siblings, friends. The study did not examine the possibility of deep psychological significance to the mistake, says psychologist David Rubin, "but it does tell us who's in and who's out of the group."四级2019年6月7The study also found that within that group, misnamings occurred where the names shared initial or internal sounds, like Jimmy and Joanie or John and Bob. Physical resemblance between people was not a factor. Nor was gender.The researchers conducted five separate surveys of more than 1,700 people. Some of the surveys included only college students；others were done with a mixed-age population. Some asked subjects about incidents where someone close to them—family or friend—had called them by another person's name. The other surveys asked about times when subjects had themselves called someone close to them by the wrong name. All the surveys found that people mixed up names within relationship groups such as grandchildren, friends and siblings but hardly ever crossed these boundaries.In general, the study found that undergraduates were almost as likely as old people to make this mistake and men as likely as women. Older people and women made the mistake slightly more often, but that may be because grandparents have more grandchildren to mix up than parents have children. Also, mothers may call on their children more often than fathers, given traditional gender norms. There was no evidence that errors occurred more when the misnamer was frustrated, tired or angry.51・ How might people often feel when they were misnamed?A) Unwanted. B) Unhappy. C) Confused. D) Indifferent.52・ What did David Rubin's research find about misnaming?A)It is related to the way our memories work.B)It is a possible indicator of a faulty memory.C)It occurs mostly between kids and their friends.D)It often causes misunderstandings among people.53.What is most likely the cause of misnaming?A)Similar personality traits. C) Similar physical appearance.B)Similar spellings of names. D) Similar pronunciation of names.54.What did the surveys of more than 1,700 subjects find about misnaming?A)It more often than not hurts relationships.B)It hardly occurs across gender boundaries.C)It is most frequently found in extended families.D)It most often occurs within a relationship group.55.Why do mothers misname their children more often than fathers?A)They suffer more frustrations. C) They communicate more with their children.B)They become worn out more often. D) They generally take on more work at home.Part K Translation (30 minutes)Directions：For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.舞狮作为中国传统民间表演已有2,000多年历史。
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2019年6月英语四级考试真题试卷附答案卷一
2019年6月英语四级考试真题试卷附答案(完整版第1套) Part I Writing (30 minutes) Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a news report to your campus newspaper on a visit to a local farm organized by your Student Union. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________Part II Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections：In this section，you will hear three news reports. At the end of each news report, you will hear two or three questions. Both the news report and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question,you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A）, B）, C）and D）. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 1 and 2 are based on the news report you have just heard.1. A) He set a record by swimming to and from an island.B) He celebrated his ninth birthday on a small island.C) He visited a prison located on a faraway island.D) He swam around an island near San Francisco.2. A) He doubled the reward.B) He set him an example.C) He cheered him on all the way.D) He had the event covered on TV.Questions 3 and 4 are based on the news report you have just heard.3. A) To end the one-child policy.B) To encourage late marriage.C) To increase working efficiency.D) To give people more time to travel.4. A) They will not be welcomed by young people.B) They will help to popularize early marriage.C) They will boost China's economic growth.D) They will not come into immediate effect.Questions 5 to 7 are based on the news report you have just heard.5. A) Cleaning service in great demand all over the world.B) Two ladies giving up well-paid jobs to do cleaning.C) A new company to clean up the mess after parties.D) Cleaners gainfully employed at nights and weekends.6. A) It takes a lot of time to prepare.B) It leaves the house in a mess.C) It makes party-goers exhausted.D) It creates noise and misconduct.7. A) Hire an Australian lawyer.B) Visit the U.S. and Canada.C) Settle a legal dispute.D) Expand their business.Section BDirections:In this section,you will hear two long conversations.At the end of each conversations you will hear four questions. Both the conversations and the question-s will be spoken only once. After you hear a question.You must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A),B),C)and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 8 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard.8. A) He had a driving lesson.B) He got his driver's license.C) He took the driver's theory exam.D) He passed the driver's road test.9. A) He was not well prepared.B) He did not get to the exam in time.C) He was not used to the test format.D) He did not follow the test procedure.10. A) They are tough.B) They are costly.C) They are helpful.D) They are too short.11. A) Pass his road test the first time.B) Test-drive a few times on highways.C) Find an experienced driving instructor.D) Earn enough money for driving lessons.Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.12. A) Where the woman studies.B) The acceptance rate at Leeds.C) Leed's tuition for international students.D) How to apply for studies at a university.13. A) Apply to an American university.B) Do research on higher education.C) Perform in a famous musical.D) Pursue postgraduate studies.14. A) His favorable recommendations.B) His outstanding musical talent.C) His academic excellence.D) His unique experience.15. A) Do a master's degree.B) Settle down in England.C) Travel widely.D) Teach overseas.Section CDirections：In this section, you will hear three passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear three or four questions.Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A),B),C)and D).Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard.16. A) They help farmers keep diseases in check.B) Many species remain unknown to scientists.C) Only a few species cause trouble to humans.D) They live in incredibly well-organized colonies.17. A) They are larger than many other species.B) They can cause damage to people's homes.C) They can survive a long time without water.D) They like to form colonies in electrical units.18. A) Deny them access to any food.B) Keep doors and windows shut.C) Destroy their colonies close by.D) Refrain from eating sugary food.Questions 19 to 21 are based on the passage you have just heard.19. A) The function of the human immune system.B) The cause of various auto-immune diseases.C) The viruses that may infect the human immune system.D) The change in people's immune system as they get older.20. A) Report their illnesses.B) Offer blood samples.C) Act as research assistants.D) Help to interview patients.21. A) Strengthening people's immunity to infection.B) Better understanding patients' immune system.C) Helping improve old people's health conditions.D) Further reducing old patients' medical expenses.Questions 22 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.22. A) His students had trouble getting on with each other.B) A lot of kids stayed at school to do their homework.C) His students were struggling to follow his lessons.D) A group of kids were playing chess after school.23. A) Visit a chess team in Nashville.B) Join the school's chess team.C) Participate in a national chess competition.D) Receive training for a chess competition.24. A) Most of them come from low-income families.B) Many have become national chess champions.C) A couple of them have got involved in crimes.D) Many became chess coaches after graduation.25. A) Actions speak louder than words.B) Think twice before taking action.C) Translate their words into action.D) Take action before it gets too late.Part III Reading Comprehension (40 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.The center of American automobile innovation has in the past decade moved 2,000 miles away. It has __26__ from Detroit to Silicon Valley, where self-driving vehicles are coming to lifeIn a __27__ to take production back to Detroit, Michigan lawmakers have introduced __28_ that could make their state the best place in the country, if not the world, to develop self-driving vehicles and put them on the road."Michigan's __29__ in auto research and development is under attack from several states and countries which desire to __30__ our leadership in transportation. We can't let that happen," says Senator Mike Kowall, the lead __31__ of four bills recently introduced.If all four bills pass as written, they would __32__ a substantial update of Michigan's 2013 law that allowed the testing of self-driving vehicles in limited conditions. Manufacturers would have nearly total freedom to test their self-driving technology on public roads. They would be allowed to send groups of self- driving cars on cross-state road trips, and even set up on-demand __33__ of self-driving cars, like the one General Motors and Lyft are building.Lawmakers in Michigan clearly want to make the state ready for the commercial application of self-driving technology. In __34__ , California, home of Silicon Valley, recently proposed far more __35__ rules that would require human drivers be ready to take the wheel,and ban commercial use of self-driving technology.A) bid I) replaceB) contrast J) representC) deputy K) restrictiveD) dominance L) rewardE) fleets M) significantF) knots N) sponsorG) legislation O) transmittedH) migratedSection BDirections: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.How Work Will Change When Most of Us Live to 100A) Today in the United States there are 72,000 centenarians (百岁老人) .Worldwide, probably 450,000. If current trends continue, then by 2050 there will be more than a million in the US alone. According to the work of Professor James Vaupel and his co-researchers,50% of babies born in the US in 2007 have a life expectancy of 104 or more. Broadly the same holds for the UK, Germany, France, Italy and Canada, and for Japan 50% of 2007 babies can expect to live to 107.B) Understandably, there are concerns about what this means for public finances given the associated health and pension challenges. These challenges are real, and society urgently needs to address them. But it is also important to look at the wider picture of what happens when so many people live for 100 years. It is a mistake to simply equate longevity (长寿) with issues of old age. Longer lives have implications for all of life, not just the end of it.C) Our view is that if many people are living for longer, and are healthier for longer, then this will result in an inevitable redesign of work and life. When people live longer, they are not only older for longer, but also younger for longer. There is some truth in the saying that “70 is the new 60” or “40 the new 30.” If you age more slowly over a longer time period, then you are in some sense younger for longer.D) But the changes go further than that. Take, for instance, the age at which people make commitments such as buying a house, getting married, having children, or starting a career；These are all fundamental commitments that are now occurring later in life. In 1962,50% of Americans were married by age 21. By 2014, that milestone (里程碑) had shifted to age 29.E) While there are numerous factors behind these shifts, one factor is surely a growing realization for the young that they are going to live longer. Options are more valuable the longer they can be held. So if you believe you will live longer, then options become more valuable, and early commitment becomes less attractive. The result is that the commitments that previously characterized the beginning of adulthood are now being delayed, and new patterns of behavior and a new stage of life are emerging for those in their twenties.F) Longevity also pushes back the age of retirement, and not only for financial reasons. Yes, unless people are prepared to save a lot more, our calculations suggest that if you are now in your mid-40s, then you are likely to work until your early 70s; and if you are in your early 20s, there is a real chance you will need to work until your late 70s or possibly even into your 80s. But even if people are able to economically support a retirement at 65, over thirty years of potential inactivity is harmful to cognitive (认知的) and emotional vitality. Many people may simply not want to do it.G) And yet that does not mean that simply extending our careers is appealing. Just lengthening that second stage of full-time work may secure the financial assets needed for a 100-year life, but such persistent work will inevitably exhaust precious intangible assets such as productive skills, vitality, happiness, and friendship.H) The same is true for education. It is impossible that a single shot of education, administered in childhood and early adulthood, will be able to support a sustained,60-year career. If you factor in the projected rates of technological change, either your skills willbecome unnecessary, or your industry outdated. That means that everyone will, at some point in their life, have to make a number of major reinvestments in their skills.I) It seems likely, then, that the traditional three-stage life will evolve into multiple stages containing two, three, or even more different careers. Each of these stages could potentially be different. In one the focus could be on building financial success and personal achievement, in another on creating a better work/life balance, still another on exploring and understanding options more fully, or becoming an independent producer, yet another on making a social contribution. These stages will span sectors, take people to different cities, and provide a foundation for building a wide variety of skills.J) Transitions between stages could be marked with sabbaticals (休假) as people find time to rest and recharge their health, re-invest in their relationships, or improve their skills. At times, these breaks and transitions will be self-determined, at others they will be forced as existing roles, firms, or industries cease to exist.K) A multi-stage life will have profound changes not just in how you manage your career, but also in your approach to life. An increasingly important skill will be your ability to deal with change and even welcome it. A three-stage life has few transitions, while a multi-stage life has many. That is why being self-aware, investing in broader networks of friends, and being open to new ideas will become even more crucial skills.L)These multi-stage lives will create extraordinary variety across groups of people simply because there are so many ways of sequencing the stages. More stages mean more possible sequence.M) With this variety will come the end of the close association of age and stage. In a three-stage life, people leave university at the same time and the same age, they tend to start their careers and family at the same age, they proceed through middle management all roughly the same time, and then move into retirement within a few years of each other. In a multi-stage life, you could be an undergraduate at 20,40, or 60; a manager at 30,50, or 70; and become an independent producer at any age.N) Current life structures, career paths, educational choices, and social norms are out of tune with the emerging reality of longer lifespans. The three-stage life of full-time education,followed by continuous work, and then complete retirement may have worked for our parents or even grandparents, but it is not relevant today. We believe that to focus on longevity as primarily an issue of aging is to miss its full implications. Longevity is not necessarily about being older for longer. It is about living longer, being older later, and being younger longer.36. An extended lifespan in the future will allow people to have more careers than now.37. Just extending one's career may have both positive and negative effects.38. Nowadays, many Americans have on average delayed their marriage by some eight years.39. Because of their longer lifespan» young people today no longer follow the pattern of life of their parents or grandparents.40. Many more people will be expected to live over 100 by the mid-21st century.41. A longer life will cause radical changes in people's approach to life.42. Fast technological change makes it necessary for one to constantly upgrade their skills.43. Many people may not want to retire early because it would do harm to their mental and emotional well-being.44. The close link between age and stage may cease to exist in a multi-stage life.45. People living a longer and healthier life will have to rearrange their work and life.Section CDirections: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A),B),C)and D).You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.In the classic marriage vow (誓约), couples promise to stay together in sickness and in health. But a new study finds that the risk of divorce among older couples rises when the wife—not the husband— becomes seriously ill"Married women diagnosed with a serious health condition may find themselves struggling with the impact of their disease while also experiencing the stress of divorce," said researcherAmelia Karraker.Karraker and co-author Kenzie Latham analyzed 20 years of data on 2,717 marriages from a study conducted by Indiana University since 1992. At the time of the first interview, at least one of the partners was over the age of 50.The researchers examined how the onset (发生) of four serious physical illnesses affected marriages. They found that, overall,31% of marriages ended in divorce over the period studied. The incidence of new chronic (慢性的) illness onset increased over time as well, with more husbands than wives developing serious health problems."We found that women are doubly vulnerable to marital break-up in the face of illness," Karraker said."They're more likely to be widowed, and if they're the ones who become ill, they're more likely to get divorced."While the study didn't assess why divorce is more likely when wives but not husbands become seriously ill, Karraker offers a few possible reasons. "Gender norms and social expectations about caregiving may make it more difficult for men to provide care to sick spouses," Karraker said."And because of the imbalance in marriage markets, especially in older ages, divorced men have more choices among prospective partners than divorced women."Given the increasing concern about health care costs for the aging population, Karraker believes policymakers should be aware of the relationship between disease and risk of divorce."Offering support services to spouses caring for their other halves may reduce marital stress and prevent divorce at older ages," she said."But it's also important to recognize that the pressure to divorce may be health-related and that sick ex-wives may need additional care and services to prevent worsening health and increased health costs."46. What can we learn about marriage vows from the passage?A) They may not guarantee a lasting marriage.B) They are as binding as they used to be.C) They are not taken seriously any more.D) They may help couples tide over hard times.47. What did Karraker and co-author Kenzie Latham find about elderly husbands?A) They are generally not good at taking care of themselves.B) They can become increasingly vulnerable to serious illnesses.C) They can develop different kinds of illnesses just like their wives.D) They are more likely to contract serious illnesses than their wives.48. What does Karraker say about women who fall ill?A) They are more likely to be widowed.B) They are more likely to get divorced.C) They are less likely to receive good care.D) They are less likely to bother their spouses.49. Why is it more difficult for men to take care of their sick spouses according to Karraker?A) They are more accustomed to receiving care.B) They find it more important to make money for the family.C) They think it more urgent to fulfill their social obligations.D) They expect society to do more of the job.50. What does Karraker think is also important?A) Reducing marital stress on wives.C)Stabilizing old couples' relations.B) Providing extra care for divorced women.D) Making men pay for their wives, health costs.Passage TwoQuestions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.If you were like most children, you probably got upset when your mother called you by a sibling's (兄弟姐妹的) name. How could she not know you? Did it mean she loved you less?Probably not. According to the first research to tackle this topic head-on, misnaming the most familiar people in our life is a common cognitive (认知的) error that has to do with how our memories classify and store familiar names.The study, published online in April in the journal Memory and Cognition, found that the "wrong" name is not random but is invariably fished out from the same relationship pond:children, siblings, friends. The study did not examine the possibility of deep psychological significance to the mistake, says psychologist David Rubin,"but it does tell us who's in and who's out of the group."The study also found that within that group, misnamings occurred where the names shared initial or internal sounds, like Jimmy and Joanie or John and Bob. Physical resemblance between people was not a factor. Nor was gender.The researchers conducted five separate surveys of more than 1,700 people. Some of the surveys included only college students; others were done with a mixed-age population. Some asked subjects about incidents where someone close to them—family or friend—had called them by another person's name. The other surveys asked about times when subjects had themselves called someone close to them by the wrong name. All the surveys found that people mixed up names within relationship groups such as grandchildren, friends and siblings but hardly ever crossed these boundaries.In general, the study found that undergraduates were almost as likely as old people to make this mistake and men as likely as women. Older people and women made the mistake slightly more often, but that may be because grandparents have more grandchildren to mix up than parents have children. Also, mothers may call on their children more often than fathers, given traditional gender norms. There was no evidence that errors occurred more when the misnamer was frustrated, tired or angry.51. How might people often feel when they were misnamed?A) Unwanted.B) Unhappy.C) Confused.D) Indifferent.52. What did David Rubin's research find about misnaming?A) It is related to the way our memories work.B) It is a possible indicator of a faulty memory.C) It occurs mostly between kids and their friends.D) It often causes misunderstandings among people.53. What is most likely the cause of misnaming?A) Similar personality traits.B) Similar spellings of names.C) Similar physical appearance.D) Similar pronunciation of names.54. What did the surveys of more than 1,700 subjects find about misnaming?A) It more often than not hurts relationships.B) It hardly occurs across gender boundaries.C) It is most frequently found in extended families.D) It most often occurs within a relationship group.55. Why do mothers misname their children more often than fathers?A) They suffer more frustrations.B) They become worn out more often.C) They communicate more with their children.D) They generally take on more work at home.Part Ⅳ Translation (30 minutes) Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.舞狮作为中国传统民间表演已有2000多年历史。
2019年6月四级级真题及参考答案
2019年6月四级级真题及参考答案写作(共3套)第一套：For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a news report to your school newspaper on a volunteer activity organized by your Student Union of visiting Home for the Elderly. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.范文On May 1, the student union of our school organized a voluntary activity, that is, the volunteers go to visit the home for the aged and spend time with them. Warmly welcomed by the elderly for their arrival,the volunteers and the elderly hugged each other in such friendly atmosphere.Then, the volunteers were busy working. Some were cleaning the floor, rooms and windows. The others were presenting the elderly with flowers and fruits,playing jokes and telling stories.Everything done, the volunteers and the elderly chatted in the yard happily. The scene was just like a photo of a whole family.How fantastic human beings are!Time flies and then it was time to go back. Theelderly people thanked the volunteers for the joys they brought. In a word, the loving activity means a lot and sets a good example to us.第二套：For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a news report to your school newspaper on a volunteer activity organized by your Student Union of visiting a local farm. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.范文Visiting a Local FarmLast week the Student Union of our school organized an activity of visiting a local farm, a memorable experience which benefited us a lot.The Student Union organized the activity with the aim of enrich our college life. The students involved in the activity experienced the farm life and realized how laborious it is for farmers to harvest the ripe products.Since it is a significant activity, a great number of students had participated it. Students helped the farmers picking beans and fruits on the farm and helped them to carry the products to the farmers’markets. It was a really challenging and tiring job.Now we all know that we need to cherish every product we purchased from the market, which is the most meaningful inspiration we get. And I really appreciate the hard work of farmers.第三套：For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a news report to your school newspaper on a volunteer activity organized by your Student Union of visiting Hope Elementary School. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.范文Hope Elementary SchoolNowadays, there are an increasing number of studentsin college choosing to participate in various kinds of volunteer work. Last week the student union organized an activity of visiting a Hope Elementary School, which made a deep impression on me. It is with great satisfaction to see the positive development of the children in the Hope Elementary School.By taking part in this activity, I learned more about what a Hope Elementary School can benefit children. Firstly, more opportunities are offered to them. The Hope Elementary school aims to help dropouts go back to school and improve educational conditions in poor regions. Secondly, The HopeElementary School can contribute to the improvement of national quality. More and more children can have the chance to enjoy high-quality education resources.In a word, I hope more and more Hope Elementary Schools can be built to benefit more and more children.听力(共2套)第一套：Section A:News Report One(1)A nine yearold central California boy braved strong currents and cold water to swim fromSan Francisco to Alcatraz Island and back. A California television station inFresno reported Tuesday that James Savage set a record as the youngest swimmerto make the journey to the former prison. The TV station reported that bycompleting the swim the fourth grade student from Los Banyuls broke a recordpreviously held by a ten year old boy. James said that waves in the SanFrancisco Bay hitting him in the face thirty minutes into his swim made himwant to give up. His father said he had offered his son one hundred dollars asa reward. (2)To encourage his struggling son he doubled it to two hundreddollars. James pushed forward making it to Alcatraz island and back in alittle more than two hours. Alcatraz is over a mile from the mainland. Questions 1 and 2are based on the news report you have just head.1. What did theboy from central California do according to the report?2. What did the father do to encourage his son?答案：1. A) He set a record by swimming to and from an island.2. A) He doubled the reward.News Report TwoOn January 1, new regulations will come into effect whicheliminate an annual leave bonus for people who put off marrying until the ageof 23 for women and25 for men the South China morning post reports. (3)The holidaybonus was designed to encourage young people to delay getting married in linewith China's one child policy.But with that policynow being abolished, this holiday incentive is no longernecessary the government says.In Shanghai, a youngcouple at a marriage registration office told the paper that they decided toregister their marriage as soon as possible to take advantage of the existingpolicy because an extra holiday was a big deal for them.In Beijing,one registration office had about 300 couples seeking to get married the dayafter the changes were announced, rather than the usual number of between 70and 80. (4)But one lawyer tells the paper that the changes still have to beadopted by local governments and these procedures take time.So peoplewho are rushing to register for marriage can relax.Questions 3 and 4are based on the news report you have just head.3.What was the purpose of the annual leave bonusin China?4. What do we learn about the new regulations?答案：3. B) To encourage the late marriage.4. D) They will not come into immediate effect.News Report Three(6) Everyone loves a goodhouse party, but the cleaning-up in the next morning isn’t as enjoyable. Now,however, a New Zealand based startup company aims to bring messy homes and evensplitting headaches back to normal. The probably named startup Morning-AfterMaids, was launched about a month ago in Auckland by roommates Rebecca Follyand Catherine Arthurs. Aside from cleaning-up, the two will also cookbreakfast, and even get coffee and painkillers for recovering marry makers. Althoughthey are both gainfully employed, they fit cleaning jobs into their nights andweekends, which is when their service is in most demand any way. Besides being floodedwith request from across the country, Folly and Arthurs have also receivedthe request fromUS and Canada to provide services there.(7)They arereportedly meeting with lawyers to see how best to take the business forward.Questions 5 to 7 are based on the news report you have just heard.5. what isthe news report mainly about?6. what is acommon problem with a house party?7. What areRebecca Folly and Catherine Arthurs planning to do?答案：5. A) Cleaning service ingreat demand all over the world.6. B) It leaves the house in a mess.7. D) Expand their business.Section B:Conversation OneW: Kyle, (8)howdid your driver's theory exam go? It was yesterday, right?M: Yes, I prepared as much as I could, butI was so nervous since it was my second try. The people who worked at the textcenter were very kind though, we had a little conversation which calmed me downa bit, and that was just what I needed. Then, after the exam, they printed outmy result, but I was afraid to open it until I was outside, it was such arelief to pass.W: Congratulations. I knew you could do it!I guess you (9) underestimated how difficult itwould be the first time, didn’t you? I hear a lot of people make thatmistake and go in under-prepared. But good job in passing the second time. I'mso proud of you. Now, all you have to do next is your road test. Have you hadany lessons yet?M: Yes, thanks, I'm so happy to be actuallyon the road now. (10)I have only had two drivinglessons so far, and my instructor is very understanding, so I'm really enjoying it. And I can't wait for my next session. Although the lessons are ratherexpensive, 20 pounds an hour. And the instructor says I’ll needabout 30 to 40 lessons in total, that's what——6 to 8 hundred pounds. (11)So this time I’llneed to make a lot more effort and hopefully will be successful the first time.W: Well, good luck.8. What did the man do yesterday?9. Why did he fail the exam the first time?10 What did the man say about his drivinglessons?11. What did the man hope to do next？答案：8. C) He took the driver’s theory exam.9. A) He was not well prepared.10. B) They are costly.11. A) Pass his road test the first time.Conversation TwoM：EmmaI got accepted to the university of LEEDS since you're going to university inEngland. 12.Do you know how much it is for international students to studythere?W：Congratulations.Yes, I believe for international students, you'll have to pay around 13,000pounds a year. It’s just a bit mo re than the local students.M: okay, so that'sabout 17,000 dollars for the tuition and fees. anyway,13 I’m only going tobe there for a year doing my masters. So it's pretty good .If I stayed inthe US it take two years and cost at least 50,000 dollars in tuition alonealso, 14.I have a good chance of winning a scholarship at LEEDS, which wouldbe pretty awesome. The benefits of being a music genius.W: Yeah,14. Iheard you're a talented piano player. So you're doing a postgraduate degreenow. I'm still in my last year graduating next June, finally, I’ll be done withmy studies and could go on to earning loads of money.M: Are you stillplanning on being a teacher? No money in that job then.W: You'd besurprised. 15.I'm still going to be a teacher. But the plan is towork at an international school overseas. After I get a year or so experience in England, It's better pay. And Iget to travel, which reminds me. I'm late for my class, and I’ve got somedocuments I need to print out first. I'd better run.12. What does theman want to know?13. What is theman going to do?14. What mightqualify the man for a scholarship at LEEDS university?15.What is thewoman planning to do after graduation?答案：12. C) Leeds’ tuition for international students13. D) Pursue postgraduate studies14. B) His outstanding musical talent15. D) Teach overseasSection C:Passage One(16) Scientistshave identified thousands of known ant species around the world—and only a few of them bug humans. Most ants live in the woods or out innature. There, they keep other creatures in check, distribute seeds, and cleandead and decaying materials from the ground.Avery small percentage of ants do harm to humans. But those are incrediblychallenging to control. They are small enough to easily slip inside your house,live in colonies that number in the tens of thousands to the hundreds ofthousands, and reproduce quickly. Thatmakes them good at getting in, and hard to kick out. Once they settle in, theseinsects start affecting your home. In addition to biting ants, other speciescan cause different kinds of damage. (17) Some, like carpenter ants, can undermine a home structure, while others interferewith electrical units.Unfortunately, our homes are very attractiveto ants, because they provide everything the colony needs to survive, such asfood, water, and shelter. So how can we prevent ants from getting into ourhomes? (18) Most important of all, avoid giving ants any access to food,particularly sugary food, because ants have a sweet tooth. We also need toclean up spills as soon as they occur and store food in airtight containers.Even garbage attracts ants, so empty yourtrash as often as possible, and storeyour outside garbage in a lidded can, well away from doors and windows.Questions16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard.16.What does the passage say about ants?17.What do we learn from the passage about carpenter ants?18.What can we do to prevent ants from getting into our homes?答案：16. C) Only a few species cause trouble to humans.17. B) They can cause damageto people's homes.18. A) Deny them access to any food.Passage Two(19)My research focus is on what happens to our immunesystem as we age. So the jobof the immune system is to fight infections. It also protects us from virusesand from auto immune diseases. Weknow that as we get older，it's easier for us toget infections. So older adultshave more chances of falling ill. Thisis evidence that our immune system really doesn't function so well when we age. In most of our work when we're lookingat older adults who've got an illness, we always have to have health controls. So we work very closely with a greatgroup of volunteers called the 1000 elders. Thesevolunteers are all 65 or over but in good health. (20)They come to the university toprovide us with blood samples to be interviewed and help us carry out a wholerange of research. (21)The real impact of our research isgoing to be on health in old age. Atthe moment we're living much longer. Lifeexpectancy is increasing at 2 years for every decade. That means an extra 5 hours a day. I want to make sure that older adultsare still able to enjoy their old age and that they're not spending time in hospitalwith infections feeling unwell and being generally weak. We want people to be healthy even whenthey are old.Questions 19 to 21 are based on the passage youhave just heard.19. What is the focus of the speaker’s research?20. Whatare the volunteers asked to do in the research?21. Whatdoes the speaker say will be the impact of his research?答案：19. D) The change in people’s immune system as they get older.20. B) Offer blood samples.21. C) Helping improve old people’s health conditions.Passage ThreeWhen Ted Komada started teaching 14 years ago at Kilip Elementaryhe didn't know how to manage a classroom and was struggling to connect with students. (22)He noticed a couple of days afterschool that a group of kids would get together to play chess. " I know how to play chess; let me go and show these kids how to do it," he said. Now Komada coach this school's chessteam. The whole program startedas a safe place for kids to come after school. (23)And this week dozens of thosestudents are getting ready to head out to Nashville Tennessee to compete withabout 5000 other young people at the SuperNationals of chess. The competition only happens every 4 years and the last time the team went, they won the third place in the nation. Komada says chess gives him and hisstudents control. The school hasthe highest number of kids from low-income families. Police frequent the areaday and night as 2 months ago a young man was shot just down the street. (25)Komada likes to teach hisstudents that they should think about their move before they do it. The lessons prove valuable outside theclassroom as well. Many parentssee these lessons translate into the real world. Students are more likely to thinkabout their actions and see whether they will lead to trouble.22. What did Ted Komadanotice one day after he started teaching at Kilip Elementary?23. What aredozens of students from Komada's school going to do this week.24. What do welearn about the students of Kilip Elementary?25. What have thestudents learned from Komada?答案：22. D) A group of kids were playing chess after school.23. C) Participate in a national chess competition.24. A) Most of them come from low-income families.25.B) Think twice before taking action.第二套:Section A: 1-71. B) Safety concerns.2. D) It plays an important role in thenation’s economy.3. C) To rescue two sick American workers.4. A) The darkness and cold.5. D) With a full-sized helicopter.6. B ) He has rich experience in flying.7. C ) Do something fun and creative.Section B: 8-158. D) To arrange the delivery of a package.9. C) She is not at home.10. B) He will be working somewhere else.11. A) Sign her name.12. B) Study abroad13. C) Rather depressed14. D) He has to finish an assignment15. A)Say goodbye to the woman at the airportSection C: 16-2516. C）Its height changes with each volcanic eruption.17. D) They make good fields for farming.18. B) They feed on certain small mammals.19. A) He is self-employed.20. B) Loving the work they do.21. A) It does not come to anything without hard work.22. C) It evolved in the mid-1970s.23. C) She hated to see her idling about.24. A) After she started teaching English.25. B) It has made her happy and energetic.阅读(共3套)第一套：选词填空标题：The center of 开头答案：26-30 HAGDI 31-35 NJEBK26. H) migrated27. A) bid28. G) legislation29. D) dominance30. I) replace31. N) sponsor32. J) represent33. E) fleets34. B) contrast35. K) restrictive段落匹配标题：How work开头答案：36-40 IGDNA 41-45 KHFMC仔细阅读Passage 1——In the classic开头46-50 ADBAC46. A) They may not guarantee a lasting marriage.47. D) They are more likely to contract serious illness than their wives.48. B) They are more likely to be get divorced.49. A) They are more accustomed to receiving care.50. C) Providing extra care for divorced women.Passage 2——If you were开头51-55 BADDC51. B) Unhappy52. A) It is related to the way our memorial work.53. D) Similar pronunciation of names.54. D) It most often occurs within a relationship group.55. C) They communicate more with their children.第二套：选词填空Just because they can’t sing opera or ride a bicycle开头26-30 CIKJA 31-35 BOGFM26. C) brutal27. I) image28. K) refined29. J) literally30. A) acquired31. B) adaptations32. O) thrive33. G) habitats34. F) extends35. M) speculate段落匹配标题：Living with parents edges out other livingarrangements for 18- to 34-year-olds36-40 HEGBK 41-45 FIHJG仔细阅读Passage 1——According to开头46-50 DCBCA46. D) They are just as intelligent and innovative as men.47. C) Their failures may have something to do with family duties.48. B) Gender bias.49. C) The public is undecided about whether it will have more women leaders.50. A) A woman in the highest position of government.Passage 2——People have grown开头51-55 BCABD51. B) There has been a marked increase in most counties.52. C) It impacts more on an indigo than on a population.53. A) They tend to live longer.54. B) They are actually shorter than their earlier generations.55. D) Ensure our children grow up in an ideal environment.第三套：选词填空Ships开头26-30 GMALC 31-35 FJOIE26. G) habitats27. M) stripped28. A) create29. L) stretches30. C) eventually31. F) exterior32. J) investment33. O) victim34. I)intentionally35. E) exploring段落匹配标题：Make Stuff, Fail, And Learn While You’re At It36-40 ELHFA 41-45 JGNDI仔细阅读Passage 1——Most kids开头46-50 DDBAD46. D)Exhibit their artistic creations in an old house.47. D) They are mostly passers-by.48. B) They expressed their thoughts in graffiti on the theme of each session.49. A) It is a historic site that attracts tourists and artists.50. D)It has created some meaningful artistic works.Passage 2——Online开头51-55 ACABD51. A) Patients may not be able to carry them through for effective cure.52. C) Their easy and inexpensive access by patients.53. A) Online CBT programs are no more effective than regular care from physicians.54. B) Their effectiveness should not be overestimated.55. D) Human interaction翻译(共3套)第一套：灯笼灯笼起源于东汉，最初主要用于照明。
2019年6月大学英语四级考试真题及参考答案（第1套）
2019年6月大学英语四级考试真题及参考答案(第1套)大学英语四级考试真题及参考答案（第1套）Part I Writing (30 minutes)Directions: For this part，you are allowed 30 minutes to writea short essay on the importance of writing ability and howto develop it. You should write at least 120 words but nomore than180 words.【参考范文】No body could deny that writing is one of the basic abilities for men. Put it another way, it isunlikely to imagine human civilization without writing ability.At the top of the list, if we overlook the significance of writing ability, we will suffer a great difficulty in our daily written communication. In addition to what has been mentioned above, it is advisable for us to attach importance to this ability because writing plays a key in our academic performance. To summarize,writing does carry a positive implication for our life and study.In view of the great value of writing ability, we should take actions to develop this capability.For my part, initially, we are supposed to keep in mind that reading is the first step of writing, so we should read great books as many as possible, learning from the great works how to write concisely and effectively. Moreover, owing to the fact that practice makes perfect, we should frequently practice writing; for example, we may develop the habit of keeping a diary.PartⅡListening Comprehension ( 25 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear three news reports. Atthe end of each news report, you will hear two or threequestions. Both the news report and then questions will bespoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choosethe best answer from the four choices marked A），B), C) andD).Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet1with a single line through the centre.Questions l and 2 are based on the news report you have just heard. Questions 3 and 4 are based on the news report you have just heard. Questions 5 to 7 are based on the news report you have just heard.Section BDirections: In this section, you will hear two longconversations. At the end of each conversation, you will hearfour questions. Both the conversation and the questions willbe spoken only once. After you hear a question, you mustchoose the best answer from the four choices marked A），B），C)and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on AnswerSheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 8 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard.Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.Section CDirections: In this section, you will hear three passages. At theend of each passage, you will hear three or four questions.Both the passage and the questions will be spoken onlyonce. After you hear a question, you must choose the bestanswer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D）．Thenmark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a singleline through the centre.Questions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard. Questions 19 to 21 are based on the passage you have just heard. Questions 22 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.【参考答案】暂缺Part Ⅲ Reading Comprehension ( 40 minutes) Section ADirections: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks.You are required to select one word for each blank from a listof choices given in a word bank following the passage. Readthe passage through carefully before making your choices.Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please markthe corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 witha single line through the centre. You may not use any of thewords in the bank more than once．Questions 26 to 35 are based on the following passage.Since the 1940s, southern California has had a reputation for smog. Things are not as bad as they once were but, according to the American Lung Association, Los Angeles is still the worst city in the United States for levels of 26 . Gazing down on the city from the Getty Center, an art museum in the Santa Monica Mountains, one would find the view of the). Nor is the state’’s had air 27 to its south. Fresno, in Pacific Ocean blurred by the haze (霾). Nor is the statethe central valley, comes top of the list in America for year-round pollution. Residents’ hearts and lungs are affected as a 28 .All of which, combined with California All of which, combined with California’’s reputation as the home of technological 29 , makes the place ideal for developing and testing systems designed to monitor pollution in 30 . And that is just what Aclima, a new firm in San Francisco, has been doing over the past few months. It has been trying out monitoring that are 31 to yield minute-to-minute maps of 32 air pollution. Such stations will also be able to keep an eye on what is happening inside buildings, including offices.To this end, Aclima has been 33 with Google To this end, Aclima has been 33 with Google’’s Street View system. Davida Herzl, Aclima s Street View system. Davida Herzl, Aclima’’s boss, says they have revealed pollution highs on days when San Francisco ’s transit workerswent on strike and the city went on strike and the city’’s 34 were forced to use their cars. Conversely, s 34 were forced to use their cars. Conversely, ““cycle to work cycle to work””days have done their job by 35 pollution lows.A.assisted B.collaborating C.consequence D.consumers E.creating F.detail G.domestic H.frequently I.inhabitants J.innovation K. intendedL.outdoor M.pollutants N.restricted O. Sum【参考答案】【参考答案】.M pollutants . .N restricted . .C consequence .J innovation . .F detail . .K intended . . L outdoor .33. B collaborating .34. I inhabitants .35. E creating.Section BDirections : In this section, you are going to read a passagewith ten statements attached to each statement containsinformation given in one of the paragraphs. Identify theparagraph from which the information is derived. You maychoose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph ismarked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking thecorresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.【参考答案】36-40 KDMGB41-45 LHFJCSection CDirections: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passageis followed by some questions or unfinished statements. Foreach of them there are four choices marked A), B) , C) and D).You should decide on the best choice and mark thecorresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single linethrough the centre.Passage OneQuestions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.Living in an urban area with green spaces has a long-lasting positive impact on people's mental well-being, a study has suggested. UK researchers found moving to a green spacehad a sustained positive effect, unlike pay rises or promotions, which only provided ashort-term boost. Co-author Mathew White, from the European Centre for Environment andHuman Health at the University of Exeter, UK, explained that the study showed people living in greener urban areas were displaying fewer signs of depression or anxiety. "There could bea number of reasons,”” he said, “for example, people do many things to make themselves a number of reasons,happier: they strive for promotion or pay rises, or they get married. But the trouble with allthose things is that within six months to a year, people are back to their original baselinelevels of well-being. So, these things are not sustainable; they don’t make us happy in thelong term. We found that for some lottery（彩票）winners who had won more than ￡500,000the positive effect was definitely there, but after six months to a year, they were back to the baseline."Dr. White said his team wanted to see whether living in greener urban areas had a lasting positive effect on people's sense of well-being or whether the effect also disappeared after a period of time. To do this, the team used data from the British Household Panel Survey compiled by the University of Essex.Explaining what the data revealed, he said: "What you see is that even after three years, mental health is still better, which is unlike many of the other things that we think will make us happy." He observed that people living in green spaces were less stressed, and less stressed people made more sensible decisions and communicated better.With a growing body of evidence establishing a link between urban green spaces and aThere’’s growing interest among positive impact on human well-being, Dr. White said, “Therepublic policy officials, but the trouble is who funds it. What we really need at a policy level isto decide where the money will come from to help support good quality local green spaces.””spaces.46. According to one study, what do green spaces do to people?A) Improve their work efficiency.B) Add to their sustained happiness.C) Help them build a positive attitude towards life.D) Lessen their concerns about material well-being.47. What does Dr. White say people usually do to make themselves happier?A) Earn more money.B) Gain fame and popularity.C) Settle in an urban area.D) Live in a green environment.48. What does Dr. White try to find out about living in a greener urban area?A) How it affects different people.B) How strong its effect is.C) How long its positive effect lasts.D) How it benefits physically49. What did Dr. White research reveal about people living in a green environment?A) Their stress was more apparent than real.B) Their decisions required less deliberation.C) Their memories were greatly strengthened.D) Their communication with others improved.50. According to Dr. White, what should the government do to build more green spacesin cities?A) Find financial support.B) Improve urban planning.C) Involve local residents in the effort.D) Raise public awareness of the issue.Passage TwoQuestions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.You probably know about the Titanic, but it was actually just one ofthree state-of-the-art (最先进的) ocean ships back in the day. The Olympic class ships were built by the Harland & Wolff ship makers in Northern Ireland for the White Star Line company. The Olympic class included the Olympic, the Britannic and the Titanic, What you may not know is that the Titanic wasn’’t even the flagship of this class. All in all, the Olympic may not know is that the Titanic wasnclass ships were marvels of sea engineering, but they seemed cursed to suffer disastrous fates.The Olympic launched first in 1910, followed by the Titanic in 1911, and lastly the Britannic in 1914. The ships had nine decks, and Whits Star Line decided to focus on making them the most luxurious ships on the water.Stretching 269.13 meters, the Olympic class ships were wonders of naval technology, and everyone thought that they would continue to be so for quite some time. However, allsuffered terrible accidents on the open seas, The Olympic got wrecked before the Titanic did, but it was the only one to survive and maintain a successful career of 24 years. The Titanic was the first to sink after famously hitting a huge iceberg in 1912. Following this disaster, the Britannic hit a naval mine in 1916 and subsequently sank as well.Each ship was coal-powered by several boilers constantly kept running by exhausted crews below deck. Most recognizable of the ship designs are the ship’s smoke stacks, but the fourth stack was actually just artistic in nature and served no functional purpose. While two of these ships sank, they were all designed with double hulls（船体）believed to make thems and the Britannic’’s tragic , perhaps a mistaken idea that led to the Titanic’’s and the Britannic “unsinkableunsinkable””, perhaps a mistaken idea that led to the Titanicend.The Olympic suffered two crashes with other ships and went on to serve as a hospital ship and troop transport in World WarⅠ. Eventually, she was taken out of service in 1935, ending the era of the luxurious Olympic class ocean liners.51.What does the passage say about the three Olympic class ships?A)They performed marvelously on the sea.B)They could all break the ice in their way.C)They all experienced terrible misfortunes.D)They were models of modern engineering.52.What did White Star Line have in mind when it purchased the three ships?A)Their capacity of sailing across all waters.B)The utmost comfort passengers could enjoy.C)Their ability to survive disasters of any kind.D)The long voyages they were able to undertake.53.What is said about the fourth stack of the ships?A)It was a mere piece of decoration.B)It was the work of a famous artist.C)It was designed to let out extra smoke.D)It was easily identifiable from afar.54.What might have led to the tragic end of the Titanic and the Britannic?A)Their unscientific designs.B)Their captains’’ misjudgment.B)Their captainsC)The assumption that they were built with the latest technology.D)The belief that they could never sink with a double-layer body.55.What happened to the ship Olympic in the end?A)She was used to carry troops.B)She was converted into a hospital ship.C)She was sunk in World War Ⅰ.D)She was retired after her naval service.【参考答案】46-50 BACDA51-55 CBADDPart IV Translation (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes totranslate a passage from Chinese into English. You shouldwrite your answer on Answer Sheet 2.过去，乘飞机出行对大多数中国人来说是难以想象的。
(完整版)2019年6月大学英语四级真题及参考答案(第一套)
2019年6月大学英语四级真题解析及参考答案Part I Writing (30 minutes）Directions:For this part，you are allowed 30 minutesto write a news report to your campus newspaper on a volunteer activity organized by your Student Union to assist elderly people in the neighborhood. You should write at least 120 words but no more than180 words。
【参考范文】On June 14， Friday， a volunteer activity where many students took an active part in visiting the local Nursing House was organized by the Student Union and it turns out to be a big success.The activity was aimed at encouraging students to visit the elderly at the Nursing House and help elderly people deal with their troubles both physical and psychological。
Many students volunteered to participate in this good deed and were engaged in helping the elderly here out by making their meals, washing their clothes and chatting with them. When asked about those volunteers’feelings about such an experience， all of them responded with a smile, saying “what a wonderful practice and I really appreciate this experience, for it makes me learn to care more for others in need。
2019年6月英语四级真题三套以及答案
2019年6月英语四级真题试卷(完整版)Part I Writing (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a news report to your campus newspaper on a volunteer activity organized by your Student Union to assist elderly people in the neighborhood. You should write at least 120 words but no more than180 words.Part II Listening Comprehension (25 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear three news reports. At the end of each news report, youwill hear two or three questions. Both the news report and then questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A）, B),C) and D).Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 1 and 2 are based on the news report you have just heard.1.A) He set a record be swimming to and from an island.B) He celebrated ninth birthday on a small island.C)He visited a prison located on a faraway island.D)He swam around an island near San Francisco.2.A) He doubled the reward.B) He cheered him on all the way.C)He set him an example.D)He had the event covered on TV.Questions 3 and 4 are based on the news report you have just heard.3.A) To end the one-child policy.B) To encourage late marriage.C)To increase working efficiency.D)To give people more time to travel.4.A) They will not be welcomed by young people.B) They will help to popularize early marriage.C)They will boost China’s economic growth.D)They will not come into immediate effect.Questions 5 to 7 are based on the news report you have just heard.5.A) Cleaning service in great demand all over the world.B) Two ladies giving up well-paid jobs to do cleaning.C)A new company to clean up the mess after parties.D)Cleaners gainfully employed at nights and weekends.6.A) It takes a lot of time to prepare.B) It leaves the house in a mess.C)It makes party goers exhausted.D)It creates noise and misconduct.7.A) Hire an Australian lawyer.B) Visit the U.S. and Canada.C)Settle a legal dispute.D)Expand their business.Section BDirections: In this section, you will hear two long conversations. At the end of each conversation, you will hear four questions. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once.After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A），B），C)and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 8 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard.8.A) He had a driving lesson.B) He got his driver’s license.C)He took the driver’s theory exam.D)He passed the driver’s road test.9.A) He was not well prepared.B) He did not get to the exam in time.C)He was not used to the test format.D)He did not follow the test procedure.10.A) They are tough.B) They are costly.C)They are helpful.D)They are too short.11.A) Pass his road test the first time.B) Test-drive a few times on highways.C)Find an experienced driving instructor.D)Earn enough money for driving lessons.Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.12.A) Where the woman studies.B) The acceptance rate at Leeds.C) Leeds’ tuition for international students.D)How to apply for studies at a university.13.A) Apply to an American university.B) Do research on higher education.C)Perform in a famous musical.D)Pursue postgraduate studies.14.A) His favorable recommendations.B) His outstanding musical talent.C)His academic excellence.D)His unique experience.15. A) Do a master’s degree.B) Settle down in England.C) Travel widely.D) Teach overseas.Section CDirections: In this section, you will hear three passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear three or four questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard.16. A) They help farmers keep diseases in check.B) Many species remain unknown to scientists.C) Only a few species cause trouble to humans.D) They live in incredibly well-organized colonies.17. A) They are larger than many other species.B) They can cause damage to people’s homes.C) They can survive a long time without water.D) They like to form colonies in electrical units.18. A) Deny them access to any food.B) Keep doors and windows shut.C) Destroy their colonies close by.D) Refrain from eating sugary food.Questions 19 to 21 are based on the passage you have just heard.19. A) The function of the human immune system.B) The cause of various auto-immune diseases.C) The viruses that may infect the human immune system.D) The change in people’s immune system as they get older.20. A) Report their illnesses.B) Offer blood samples.C) Act as research assistants.D) Help to interview patients.21. A) Strengthening people’s immunity to infection.immune system.B) Better understanding patients’ C) Helping improve old people’s health conditions.D) Further reducing old patients’ medical expenses.Questions 22 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.22. A) His students had trouble getting on with each other.B) A lot of kids stayed at school to do their homework.C) His students were struggling to follow his lessons.D) A group of kids were playing chess after school.23. A) Visit a chess team in Nashville.B) Join the school’s chess team.C) Participate in a national chess competition.D) Receive training for a chess competition.24. A) Most of them come from low-income families.B) Many have become national chess champions.C) A couple of them have got involved in crimes.D) Many became chess coaches after graduation.25. A) Actions speak louder than words.B) Think twice before taking action.C) Translate their words into action.D) Take action before it gets too late.Part III Reading Comprehension (40 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once．The center of American automobile innovation has in the past decade moved 2,000 miles away. It has 26__ from Detroit to Silicon Valley, where self-driving vehicles are coming into life.In a 27___ to take production back to Detroit, Michigan lawmakers have introduced 28___ thatcould make their state the best place in the country, if not the world, to develop self-driving vehicles and put them on the road.“Michigan’s 29___ in auto research and development is under attack from several states and countries which desire to 30___ our leadership in transportation. We can’t let happen”, says Senator Mike Kowall, the lead 31___ of four bills recently introduced.If all four bills pass as written, they would 32___ a substantial update of Michigan’s 2013 law that allowed the testing of self-driving vehicles in limited conditions. Manufacturer would have nearlytotal freedom to test their self-driving technology on public roads. They would be allowed to send groups of self-driving cars on cross-state road trips, and even set on-demand 33___ of self-driving cars, like the one General Motors and Lyft are building.Lawmakers in Michigan clearly want to make the state ready for the commercial application ofself-driving technology. In 34___ , California, home of Silicon Valley, recently proposed far more35___ rules that would require human drivers be ready to take the wheel, and commercial use ofself-driving technology.A) bidB) contrastC) deputyD) dominanceE) fleetsF) knotsG) legislationH) migratedI) replaceJ) representk) restrictiveL) rewardM) significantN) sponsorO) transmittedSection BDirections: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.How Work Will Change When Most of Us Live to 100A) Today in the United States there are 72,000 centenarians（百岁老人）.Worldwide, Probably450,000. If current trends continue, then by 2050 there will be more than a million in the US alone. According to the work of Professor James Vaupel and his co-researchers, 50% of babies born inthe US in 2007 have a life expectancy of 104 or more. Broadly the same holds for the UK, Germany, France, Italy and Canada, and for Japan 50% of 2007 babies can expect to live to 107.B) Understandably, there are concerns about what this means for public finances given the associated health and pension challenges. These challenges are real, and society urgently needs to address them. But it is also important to look at the wider picture of what happens when so many people live for 100 years. It is a mistake to simply equate longevity (长寿) with issues of old age. Longer lives have implications for all of life, not just the end of it.C) Our view is that if many people are living for longer, and are healthier for longer, then this will result in an inevitable redesign of work and life. When people live longer, they are not only olderfor longer, but also younger for longer. There is some truth in the saying that “70 is the new 60” or “40 the new 30.” If you age more slowly over a longer time period, then you are in some sense younger for longer.D) But the changes go further than that. Take, for instance, the age at which people make commitments such as buying a house, getting married, having children, or starting a career. These are all fundamental commitments that are now occurring later in life. In 1962, 50% of Americans were married by age 21. By 2014, that milestone(里程碑)had shifted to age 29.E) While there are numerous factors behind these shifts, one factor is surely a growing realization for the young that they are going to live longer. Options are more valuable the longer they can be held. So if you believe you will live longer, then options become more valuable, and early commitment becomes less attractive. The result is that the commitments that previously characterized the beginning of adulthood are now being delayed, and new patterns of behavior and a new stage of life are emerging for those in their twenties.F) Longevity also pushes back the age of retirement, and not only for financial reasons. Yes, unless people are prepared to save a lot more, our calculations suggest that if you are now in your mid-40s, then you are likely to work until your early 70s; and if you are in your early 20s, there isa real chance you will need to work until your late 70s or possibly even into your 80s. But even ifpeople are able to economically support a retirement at 65, over thirty years of potential inactivityis harmful to cognitive(认知的) and emotional vitality. Many people may simply not want to do it.G) And yet that does not mean that simply extending our careers is appealing. Just lengtheningthat second stage of full-time work may secure the financial assets needed for a 100-year life, but such persistent work will inevitably exhaust precious intangible assets such as productive skills, vitality, happiness, and friendship.H) The same is true for education. It is impossible that a single shot of education, administered in childhood and early adulthood, will be able to support a sustained, 60-year career. If you factor inthe projected rates of technological change, either your skills will become unnecessary, or your industry outdated. That means that everyone will, at some point in their life, have to make a number of major reinvestments in their skills.I) It seems likely, then, that the traditional three-stage life will evolve into multiple stages containing two, three, or oven more different careers. Each of these stages could potentially be different. In one the focus could be on building financial success and personal achievement, in another on creating a better work/life balance, still another on exploring and understanding options more fully, or becoming an independent producer, yet another on making a social contribution. These stages will span sectors, take people to different cities, and provideFoundation for building a wide variety of skills.J) Transitions between stages could be marked with sabbaticals (休假) as people find them rest and recharge their health, re-invest in their relationships, or improve their skills. At times, these breaks and transitions will be self-determined, at others they will be forced as existing roles, firms,or industries cease to exist.K）A multi-stage life will have profound changes not just in how you manage your career, but alsoin your approach to life. An increasingly important skill will be your ability to deal with changeand even welcome it. A three-stage life has few transitions, while a multi-stage life has many. That is why being self-aware, investing in broader networks of friends, and being open to new ideas will become even more crucial skills.L）These multi-stage lives will create extraordinary variety across groups of people simplybecause there are so many ways of sequencing the stages. More stages mean more possible sequences.M）With this variety will come the end of the close association of age and stage. I n a three-stagelife, people leave university at the same time and the same age, they tend to start their careers and family at the same age, they proceed through middle management all roughly the same time, and then move into retirement within a few years of each other. In a multi-stage life, you could be anundergraduate at 20, 40, or 60; a manager at 30, 50, or 70; and become an independent producer at any age.N）Current life structures, career paths, educational choices, and social norms are out of tune withthe emerging reality of longer lifespans. The three-stage life of full-time education, followed by continuous work, and then complete retirement may have worked for our parents or even grandparents, but it is not relevant today. We believe that to focus on longevity as primarily anissue of aging is to miss its full implications. Longevity is not necessarily about being older for longer. It is about living longer, being older later, and being younger longer.36. An extended lifespan in the future will allow people to have more careers than now.37. Just extending one’s career may have both positive and negative effects.38. Nowadays, many Americans have on average delayed their marriage by some eight years.39. Because of their longer lifespan, young people today no longer follow the pattern of life oftheir parents or grandparents.40. Many more people will be expected to live over 100 by the mid-21st century.41. A longer life will cause radical changes in people’s approach to life.42. Fast technological change makes it necessary for one to constantly upgrade their skills.43. Many people may not want to retire early because it would do harm to their mental and emotional well-being.44. The close link between age and stage may cease to exist in a multi-stage life.45. People living a longer and healthier life will have to rearrange their work and life.Section CDirections: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.In the classic marriage vow（誓约）, couples promise to stay together in sickness and in health. But a new study finds that the risk of divorce among older couples rises when the wife-not the husband—becomes seriously ill.“Married women diagnosed with a serious health condition may find themselves struggling withthe impact of their disease while also experiencing the stress of divorce,” said researcher Amelia Karraker.Karraker and co-author Kenzie Latham analyzed 20 years of data on 2,717 marriages from a study conducted by Indiana University since 1992. At the time of the first interview, at least one of the partners was over the age of 50.The researchers examined how the onset（发生）of four serious physical illnesses affected marriages. They found that, overall, 31% of marriages ended in divorce over the period studied.The incidence of new chronic（慢性的）illness onset increased over time as will, with more husbands than wives developing serious health problems.“We found that women are doubly vulnerable to marital break-up in the face of illness,” Karraker said. “They’re more likely to be widowed, and if they’re the noes who become ill, they’re more likely to get divorced.”While the study didn’t assess why divorce in more likely when wives but not husbands become seriously ill, Karraker offers a few possible reasons. “Gender norms and social expectations aboutcaregiving many make it more difficult for men to provide care to sick spouses,” Karraker said. “And because of the imbalance in marriage markets, especially in older ages, divorced men have more choices among prospective partners than divorced women.”Given the increasing concern about health care costs for the aging population, Karraker believes policymakers should be aware of the relationship between disease and risk of divorce.“Offering support services to spouses caring for their other halves may reduce marital stress and prevent divorce at older ages,” she said. “But it’s also important to recognize that the pressure to divorce may be health-related and that sick ex-wives may need additional care and services to prevent worsening health and increased health costs.”46. What can we learn about marriage vows from the passage?A) They may not guarantee a lasting marriage.B) They are as binding as they used to be.C) They are not taken seriously any more.D) They may help couples tide over hard times.47. What did Karraker and co-author Kenzie Latham find about elderly husbands?A) They are generally not good at taking care of themselves.B) They can become increasingly vulnerable to serious illnesses.C) They can develop different kinds of illnesses just like their wives.D) They are more likely to contract serious illnesses than their wives.48. What does Karraker say about women who fall ill?A) They are more likely to be widowed.B) They are more likely to get divorced.C) They are less likely to receive good care.D) They are less likely to bother their spouses.49. Why is it more difficult for men to take care of their sick spouses according to Karraker?A) They are more accustomed to receiving care.B) They find it more important to make money for the family.C) They think it more urgent to fulfill their social obligations.D) They expect society to do more of the job.50. What does Karraker think is also important?A) Reducing marital stress on wives.B) Stabilizing old couples’ relations.C) Providing extra care for divorced women.D) Making men pay for their wives’ health costs.Passage TwoQuestions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.If you were like most children, you probably got upset when your mother called you by a sibling’s(兄弟姐妹的)name. How could she not know you? Did it mean she loved you less?Probably not. According to the first research to tackle this topic head-on, misnaming the most familiar people in our life is a common cognitive (认知的)error that has to do with how our memories classify and store familiar names.The study, published online in April in the journal Memory and Cognition, found that the “wrong” name is not random but is invariably fished out from the same relationship pond: children, siblings, friends. The study did not examine the possibility of deep psychological significance to the mistake, says psychologist David Rubin, “but it does tell us who’s in and who’s out of the group.”The study also found that within that group, misnamings occurred where the names shared initialor internal sounds, like Jimmy and Joanie or John and Bob. Physical resemblance between people was not a factor. Nor was gender.The researchers conducted five separate surveys of more than 1,700 people. Some of the surveys included only college students; others were done with a mixed-age population. Some askedsubjects about incidents where someone close to them—family or friend—had called them byanother person’s name. The other surveys asked about times when subjects had themselves called someone close to them by the wrong name. All the surveys found that people mixed up names within relationship groups such as grandchildren, friends and siblings but hardly ever crossed these boundaries.In general, the study found that undergraduates were almost as likely as old people to make this mistake and men as likely as women. Older people and this mistake and men as likely as women. Older people and women made the mistake slightly more often, but that may be because grandparents have more grandchildren to mix up than parents have children. Also, mothers maycall on their children more often than fathers, given traditional gender norms. There was no evidence that errors occurred more when the misnamer was frustrated, tired or angry.51.How might people often feel when they were misnamed?A) Unwanted.B) Unhappy.C)Confused.D)Indifferent.52.What did David Rubin’s research find about misnaming?A) It is related to the way our memories work.B) It is a possible indicator of a faulty memory.C)It occurs mostly between kids and their friends.D)It often causes misunderstandings among people.53. What is most likely the cause of misnaming?A) Similar personality traits.B) Similar spellings of names.C) Similar physical appearance.D) Similar pronunciation of names.54. What did the surveys of more than 1,700 subjects find about misnaming?A) It more often than not hurts relationships.B) It hardly occurs across gender boundaries.C) It is most frequently found in extended families.D) It most often occurs within a relationship groups.55. Why do mothers misname their children more often than fathers?A) They suffer more frustrations.B) They become worn out more often.C) They communicate more with their children.D) They generally take on more work at home.Part IV Translation (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.剪纸是中国民间艺术的一种独特形式，已有2000多年历史。
2019年四级试题真题及答案word版
2019年四级试题真题及答案word版一、听力理解（共30分）1. A) The man is going to the bank.B) The man is going to the post office.C) The man is going to the supermarket.D) The man is going to the library.答案：C2. A) The woman is happy about the weather.B) The woman is worried about the weather.C) The woman is surprised by the weather.D) The woman is upset about the weather.答案：A3. A) The man will have to wait for the next bus.B) The man will have to walk to the destination.C) The man will take a taxi.D) The man will take the next bus.答案：B...二、阅读理解（共40分）1. What is the main idea of the passage?A) The importance of a healthy diet.B) The impact of technology on our lives.C) The benefits of regular exercise.D) The role of sleep in our daily life.答案：B2. According to the passage, which of the following statements is true?A) Most people spend less than six hours on their phones daily.B) The use of technology has increased dramatically in recent years.C) Technology has no effect on our sleep.D) People are less dependent on technology than before.答案：B3. What does the author suggest we should do to improve our health?A) Limit our use of technology.B) Increase our daily exercise.C) Change our diet.D) Improve our sleeping habits.答案：A...三、翻译（共20分）1. 随着科技的发展，人们越来越依赖于智能手机。
2019年6月大学英语四级真题
2019年6月英语四级真题（第一套）Part I Writing (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a news report to your campus newspaper on a volunteer activity organized by your Student Union to assist elderly people in the neighborhood.You should write at least 120 words but no more than180 words.PartⅡListening Comprehension (25 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear three news reports. At the end of each news report, you will hear two or three questions. Both the news report and then questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A）, B), C) and D).Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 1 and 2 are based on the news report you have just heard.1.A)He set a record be swimming to and from an island. B)He celebrated ninth birthday on a small island.C)He visited a prison located on a faraway island. D)He swam around an island near San Francisco.2.A)He doubled the reward. B)He cheered him on all the way.C)He set him an example. D)He had the event covered on TV.Questions 3 and 4 are based on the news report you have just heard.3.A)To end the one-child policy. B)To encourage late marriage.C)To increase working efficiency. D)To give people more time to travel.4.A)They will not be welcomed by young people. B)They will help to popularize early marriage.C)They will boost China’s economic growth.D)They will not com into immediate effect. Questions 5 to 7 are based on the news report you have just heard.5.A)Cleaning service in great demand all over the world.B)Two ladies giving up well-paid jobs to do cleaning.C)A new company to clean up the mess after parties.D)Cleaners gainfully employed at nights and weekends.6.A)It takes a lot of time to prepare. B)It leaves the house in a mess.C)It makes party goers exhausted. D)It creates noise and misconduct.7.A)Hire an Australian lawyer. B)Visit the U.S. and Canada.C)Settle a legal dispute. D)Expand their business.Section BDirections: In this section, you will hear two long conversations. At the end of each conversation, you will hear four questions. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A），B），C)and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 8 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard.8.A)He had a driving lesson. B)He got his driver’s license.C)He took the driver’s theory exam.D)He passed the driver’s road test.9.A)He was not well prepared. B)He did not get to the exam in time.C)He was not used to the test format. D)He did not follow the test procedure.10.A)They are tough. B)They are costly.C)They are helpful. D)They are too short.11.A)Pass his road test the first time. B)Test-drive a few times on highways.C)Find an experienced driving instructor. D)Earn enough money for driving lessons.Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.12.A)Where the woman studies. B)The acceptance rate at Leeds.C)Leeds’ tuition for international students.D)How to apply for studies at a university.13.A)Apply to an American university. B)Do research on higher education.C)Perform in a famous musical. D)Pursue postgraduate studies.14.A)His favorable recommendations. B)His outstanding musical talent.C)His academic excellence. D)His unique experience.15. A) Do a master’s degree.B) Settle down in England.C) Travel widely. D) Teach overseas.Section CDirections: In this section, you will hear three passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear three or four questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question,you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard.16. A) They help farmers keep diseases in check. B) Many species remain unknown to scientists.C) Only a few species cause trouble to humans. D) They live in incredibly well-organized colonies.17. A) They are larger than many other species. B) They can cause damage to people’s homes.C) They can survive a long time without water. D) They like to form colonies in electrical units.18. A) Deny them access to any food. B) Keep doors and windows shut.C) Destroy their colonies close by. D) Refrain from eating sugary food.Questions 19 to 21 are based on the passage you have just heard.19. A) The function of the human immune system. B) The cause of various auto-immune diseases.C) The viruses that may infect the human immune system.D) The change in people’s immune sy stem as they get older.20. A) Report their illnesses. B) Offer blood samples.C) Act as research assistants. D) Help to interview patients.21. A) Strengthening people’s immunity to infection.B) Better understanding patients’ immune system.C) H elping improve old people’s health conditions.D) Further reducing old patients’ medical expenses. Questions 22 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.22. A) His students had trouble getting on with each other.B) A lot of kids stayed at school to do their homework.C) His students were struggling to follow his lessons.D) A group of kids were playing chess after school.23. A) Visit a chess team in Nashville. B) Join the school’s chess team.C) Participate in a national chess competition. D) Receive training for a chess competition.24. A) Most of them come from low-income families. B) Many have become national chess champions.C) A couple of them have got involved in crimes. D) Many became chess coaches after graduation.25. A) Actions speak louder than words. B) Think twice before taking action.C) Translate their words into action. D) Take action before it gets too late.Part III Reading Comprehension (40 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once．The center of American automobile innovation has in the past decade moved 2,000 miles away. It has 26 from Detroit to Silicon Valley, where self-driving vehicles are coming into life.In a 27 to take production back to Detroit, Michigan lawmakers have introduced 28 that could make their state the best place in the country, if not the world, to develop self-driving vehicles and put them on the road.“Michigan’s 29 in auto research and development is under attack from several states and countries which desire to 30 our leadership in transportation. We can’t let happen,” says Senator Mike Kowall, the lead 31 of four bills recently introduced.If all four bills pass as written, they would 32 a substantial update of Michigan’s 2013 law that allowed the testing of self-driving vehicles in limited conditions. Manufacturer would have nearly total freedom to test their self-driving technology on public roads. They would be allowed to send groups of self-driving cars on cross-state road trips, and even set on-demand 33 of self-driving cars, like the one General Motors and Lyft are building.Lawmakers in Michigan clearly want to make the state ready for the commercial application ofself-driving technology. In 34 , California, home of Silicon Valley, recently proposed far more 35 rules that would require human drivers be ready to take the wheel, and commercial use of self-driving technology.A)bid B) contrast C) deputy D) dominance E) fleets F) knotsG)legislation H) migrated I) replace J) represent k) restrictive L) rewardM) significant N) sponsor O) transmittedSection BDirections: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.How Work Will Change When Most of Us Live to 100A) Today in the United States there are 72,000 centenarians（百岁老人）.Worldwide, Probably 450,000. If current trends continue, then by 2050 there will be more than a million in the US alone. According tothe work of Professor James Vaupel and his co-researchers, 50% of babies born in the US in 2007 have a life expectancy of 104 or more. Broadly the same holds for the UK, Germany, France, Italy and Canada, and for Japan 50% of 2007 babies can expect to live to 107.B) Understandably, there are concerns about what this means for public finances given the associated health and pension challenges. These challenges are real, and society urgently needs to address them. But it is also important to look at the wider picture of what happens when so many people live for 100 years. It is a mistake to simply equate longevity (长寿) with issues of old age. Longer lives have implications for all of life, not just the end of it.C) Our view is that if many people are living for longer, and are healthier for longer, then this will result in an inevitable redesign of work and life. When people live longer, they are not only older for longer, but also younger for longer. There is some truth in the saying that “70 is the new 60” or “40 the new 30.” If you age more slowly over a longer time period, then you are in some sense younger for longer.D) But the changes go further than that. Take, for instance, the age at which people make commitments such as buying a house, getting married, having children, or starting a career. These are all fundamental commitments that are now occurring later in life. In 1962, 50% of Americans were married by age 21. By 2014, that milestone(里程碑)had shifted to age 29.E) While there are numerous factors behind these shifts, one factor is surely a growing realization for the young that they are going to live longer. Options are more valuable the longer they can be held. So if you believe you will live longer, then options become more valuable, and early commitment becomes less attractive. The result is that the commitments that previously characterized the beginning of adulthood are now being delayed, and new patterns of behavior and a new stage of life are emerging for those in their twenties.F) Longevity also pushes back the age of retirement, and not only for financial reasons. Yes, unless people are prepared to save a lot more, our calculations suggest that if you are now in your mid-40s, then you are likely to work until your early 70s; and if you are in your early 20s, there is a real chance you will need to work until your late 70s or possibly even into your 80s. But even if people are able to economically support a retirement at 65, over thirty years of potential inactivity is harmful to cognitive(认知的) and emotional vitality. Many people may simply not want to do it.G) And yet that does not mean that simply extending our careers is appealing. Just lengthening that second stage of full-time work may secure the financial assets needed for a 100-year life, but such persistent work will inevitably exhaust precious intangible assets such as productive skills, vitality, happiness, and friendship.H) The same is true for education. It is impossible that a single shot of education, administered in childhood and early adulthood, will be able to support a sustained, 60-year career. If you factor in the projected rates of technological change, either your skills will become unnecessary, or your industry outdated. That means that everyone will, at some point in their life, have to make a number of major reinvestments in their skills.I) It seems likely, then, that the traditional three-stage life will evolve into multiple stages containing two, three, or oven more different careers. Each of these stages could potentially be different. In one the focus could be on building financial success and personal achievement, in another on creating a better work/life balance, still another on exploring and understanding options more fully, or becoming an independent producer, yet another on making a sociaContribution. These stages will span sectors, take people to different cities, and provideFoundation for building a wide variety of skills.J) Transitions between stages could be marked with sabbaticals (休假) as people find timrest and recharge their health, re-invest in their relationships, or improve their skills. At times,these breaks and transitions will be self-determined, at others they will be forced as existing roles, firms, or industries cease to exist.K）A multi-stage life will have profound changes not just in how you manage your career, but also in your approach to life. An increasingly important skill will be your ability to deal with change and even welcome it. A three-stage life has few transitions, while a multi-stage life has many. That is why being self-aware, investing in broader networks of friends, and being open to new ideas will become even more crucial skills.L）These multi-stage lives will create extraordinary variety across groups of people simply because there are so many ways of sequencing the stages. More stages mean more possible sequences.M）With this variety will come the end of the close association of age and stage. I n a three-stage life, people leave university at the same time and the same age, they tend to start their careers and family at the same age, they proceed through middle management all roughly the same time, and then move into retirement within a few years of each other. In a multi-stage life, you could be an undergraduate at 20, 40, or 60; a manager at 30, 50, or 70; and become an independent producer at any age.N）Current life structures, career paths, educational choices, and social norms are out of tune with the emerging reality of longer lifespans. The three-stage life of full-time education, followed by continuous work, and then complete retirement may have worked for our parents or even grandparents, but it is not relevant today. We believe that to focus on longevity as primarily an issue of aging is to miss its full implications. Longevity is not necessarily about being older for longer. It is about living longer, being older later, and being younger longer.36. An extended lifespan in the future will allow people to have more careers than now.37. Just extending one’s career may have both positive and negative effects.38. Nowadays, many Americans have on average delayed their marriage by some eight years.39. Because of their longer lifespan, young people today no longer follow the pattern of life of their parents or grandparents.40. Many more people will be expected to live over 100 by the mid-21st century.41. A lon ger life will cause radical changes in people’s approach to life.42. Fast technological change makes it necessary for one to constantly upgrade their skills.43. Many people may not want to retire early because it would do harm to their mental and emotional well-being.44. The close link between age and stage may cease to exist in a multi-stage life.45. People living a longer and healthier life will have to rearrange their work and life.Section CDirections: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.In the classic marriage vow（誓约）, couples promise to stay together in sickness and in health. But a new study finds that the risk of divorce among older couples rises when the wife-not the husband—becomes seriously ill.“Married women diagnosed with a serious health condition may find themselves struggling with the impact of their disease while also experiencing the stress of divorce,” said researcher Amelia Karraker. Karraker and co-author Kenzie Latham analyzed 20 years of data on 2,717 marriages from a study conducted by Indiana University since 1992. At the time of the first interview, at least one of the partners was over the age of 50.The researchers examined how the onset（发生）of four serious physical illnesses affected marriages. They found that, overall, 31% of marriages ended in divorce over the period studied. The incidence of new chronic（慢性的）illness onset increased over time as will, with more husbands than wives developing serious health problems.“We found that women are doubly vulnerable to marital break-up in the face of illness,” Karraker said. “They’re more likely to be widowed, and if they’re the noes who become ill, they’re more likely to get divorced.”While the study didn’t a ssess why divorce in more likely when wives but not husbands become seriously ill, Karraker offers a few possible reasons. “Gender norms and social expectations about caregiving manymake it more difficult for men to provide care to sick spouses,” Karraker said. “And because of the imbalance in marriage markets, especially in older ages, divorced men have more choices among prospective partners than divorced women.”Given the increasing concern about health care costs for the aging population, Karraker believes policymakers should be aware of the relationship between disease and risk of divorce.“Offering support services to spouses caring for their other halves may reduce marital stress and prevent divorce at older ages,” she said. “But it’s also important to recognize that the pressure to divorce may be health-related and that sick ex-wives may need additional care and services to prevent worsening health and increased health costs.”46. What can we learn about marriage vows from the passage?A) They may not guarantee a lasting marriage. B) They are as binding as they used to be.C) They are not taken seriously any more. D) They may help couples tide over hard times.47. What did Karraker and co-author Kenzie Latham find about elderly husbands?A) They are generally not good at taking care of themselves.B) They can become increasingly vulnerable to serious illnesses.C) They can develop different kinds of illnesses just like their wives.D) They are more likely to contract serious illnesses than their wives.48. What does Karraker say about women who fall ill?A) They are more likely to be widowed. B) They are more likely to get divorced.C) They are less likely to receive good care. D) They are less likely to bother their spouses.49. Why is it more difficult for men to take care of their sick spouses according to Karraker?A) They are more accustomed to receiving care.B) They find it more important to make money for the family.C) They think it more urgent to fulfill their social obligations.D) They expect society to do more of the job.50. What does Karraker think is also important?A) Reducing marital stress on wives. B) Stabilizing old couples’s relations.C) Providing extra care for divorced women. D) Making men pay for their wi ves’ health costs. Passage TwoQuestions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.If you were like most children, you probably got upset when your mother called you by a sibling’s(兄弟姐妹的)name. How could she not know you? Did it mean she loved you less?Probably not. According to the first research to tackle this topic head-on, misnaming the most familiar people in our life is a common cognitive (认知的)error that has to do with how our memories classify and store familiar names.The study, published online in April in the journal Memory and Cognition,found that the “wrong” name is not random but is invariably fished out from the same relationship pond: children, siblings, friends. The study did not examine the possibility of deep psychological significance to the mistake, says psychologist David Rubin, “but it does tell us who’s in and who’s out of the group.”The study also found that within that group, misnamings occurred where the names shared initial or internal sounds, like Jimmy and Joanie or John and Bob. Physical resemblance between people was not a factor. Nor was gender.The researchers conducted five separate surveys of more than 1,700 people. Some of the surveys included only college students; others were done with a mixed-age population. Some asked subjects about incidents where someone close to them—family or friend—had called them by another person’s name. The other surveys asked about times when subjects had themselves called someone close to them by the wrong name. All the surveys found that people mixed up names within relationship groups such as grandchildren, friends and siblings but hardly ever crossed these boundaries.In general, the study found that undergraduates were almost as likely as old people to make this mistake and men as likely as women. Older people and this mistake and men as likely as women. Older people and women made the mistake slightly more often, but that may be because grandparents have more grandchildren to mix up than parents have children. Also, mothers may call on their children more often than fathers, given traditional gender norms. There was no evidence that errors occurred more when the misnamer was frustrated, tired or angry.51.How might people often feel when they were misnamed?A)Unwanted. B)Unhappy. C)Confused. D)Indifferent.52.What did David Rubin’s research find about misnaming?A)It is related to the way our memories work. B)It is a possible indicator of a faulty memory.C)It occurs mostly between kids and their friends. D)It often causes misunderstandings among people.53. What is most likely the cause of misnaming?A) Similar personality traits. B) Similar spellings of names.C) Similar physical appearance. D) Similar pronunciation of names.54. What did the surveys of more than 1,700 subjects find about misnaming?A) It more often than not hurts relationships. B) It hardly occurs across gender boundaries.C) It is most frequently found in extended families. D) It most often occurs within a relationship groups.55. Why do mothers misname their children more often than fathers?A) They suffer more frustrations. B) They become worn out more often.C) They communicate more with their children. D) They generally take on more work at home.Part ⅣTranslation (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.。