英语现在完成时态讲解

英语现在完成时态讲解
英语现在完成时态讲解

现在完成时

一、定义:表示一个动作在过去发生并对现在产生影响

表示一个动作由过去发生持续到现在有可能停下,也有可能延续下去

表示一个动作从过去开始发生到目前为止已经发生多次。

二、构成:现在完成时是由“助动词have / has + 动词的过去分词”构成的,

其规则动词的过去分词构成与过去式相同,不规则动词的过去分词则需加强记忆。

如:I have just cleaned my clothes.我刚洗过衣服。

My brother has done his homework already. 我的弟弟已经做完他的作业了。

友情提示:在现在完成时的各种结构中,have, has均为助动词,无实际意义,只起构成时态的作用,不可省略。当主语是第三人称单数时助动词用has,其余人称一律用have。

过去分词

1 、规则动词:规则动词的过去分词的构成规则与规则动词的过去式的构成规则相同。

四点变化规则:

(1)、一般动词,在词尾直接加“ ed ”。

work---worked---worked ,visit---visited---visited

(2)、以“ e ”结尾的动词,只在词尾加“ d ”。

live---lived---lived ,

(3)、以“辅音字母+ y ”结尾的动词,将 "y" 变为 "i" ,再加“ ed ”。

study---studied---studied ,cry---cried---cried ,

play---played---played ,stay---stayed---stayed

(4)、重读闭音节结尾,末尾只有一个辅音字母,先双写该辅音字母,再加“ ed ”。

stop---stopped---stopped , drop---dropped--dropped

2 、不规则动词:

AAA型

原型过去式过去分词

burst burst burst cast cast cast cost cost cost

cut cut cut hit hit hit hurt hurt hurt

put put put set set set shut shut shut

spread spread spread let let let

AAB型

beat beat beaten

ABA型

become became become run ran run come came come

特殊情况

read read read

read原形发音为/ri:d/,过去式和过去分词发音为/red/

ABB型

bring brought brought buy bought bought build built built

burn burnt burnt catch caught caught dig dug dug

feel felt felt fight fought foughtfind found found

lay laid laid lead led led lose lost lost

make made made meet met met sell sold sold

ABC型

begin began begun blow blew blown break broke broken

choose chose chosen draw drew drawn drive drove driven

drink drank drunk fly flew flown forgive forgave forgiven

三、现在完成时的时间副词

①用副词already和yet。already一般用于肯定句中,yet一般用于否定句和疑问句中。We have already finished our homework. 我们已完成作业了。

They haven't finished their homework yet. 他们还没有完成作业。

②用ever “曾经”和never“从未”。它们多用于否定或疑问句中。

Have you ever been to the Great Wall? 你曾经去过长城吗?

I have never been to the Great Wall. 我从未去过长城。

③用表示到说话为止的过去时间状语,如just, before, up to now, so far, until now, in the past few years等。

I have seen her before, but I can not remember where. 我以前见过她,但记不起在哪里见过。

He has been there three times in the last few days. 近几年他去过那里三次了。

④用for+一段时间,since+时间点。

I've lived here for 15 years. 我已经在这里住十五年了。

I've lived here since 15 years ago. 自从十五年前我就住在这里了。

Mr. Green has worked here since he came to China. 自从来到中国,格林先生一直在这里工作。

三、句型转换:

1. 否定句式:现在完成时的否定句式是“haven't (hasn't)+过去分词...”。

如:I have not seen the movie yet. 我还没看这部电影。

2. 一般疑问句:Have(Has)+主语+过去分词...?

如:—Have you finished the work?你已经做完这项工作了吗?

—Yes, I have. 是的,我已经做完了。(No, I haven't. 不,我还没有做完。)

—Has she arrived here?她已经到这儿了吗?

—Yes, she has. 是的,她已经到了。(No, she hasn't. 不,她还没有到这儿。)

3. 特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+have(has)+主语+过去分词...?

如:How many times have you been to the Great Wall?你去过长城几次?

友情提示:肯定句中有some, already时,改为否定句或疑问句时通常要分别改为any, yet。

如: I have already finished my homework. 我已经完成了我的作业。

→ I haven't finished my homework yet. (否定句)

→ Have you finished your homework yet? (一般疑问句)

四、现在完成时的用法:

1. 现在完成时的“完成用法”:表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作或存在的状态对现在造成的影响或结果。也就是说现在完成时虽与过去有关,但实际上看重的是对现在的影响或结果。例:

(1)He has turned off the light.

他已把灯关了。(动作结束于过去,但说明的是现在的情况——灯现在不亮了。)

(2)Who has opened the window?

谁把窗子打开了?(动作发生在过去,但说明的是现在的情况——现在窗子开着呢。)(3)I've finished my homework now.

现在我已经做完作业了。(说明可以交作业或做别的了)

(4)I have lost my pen. 我把笔丢了。

(5)She has become a teacher. 她已经当了老师。(说明她现在仍是老师)

2. 现在完成时的“未完成用法”:指的是动作开始于过去某一时刻,一直延续到现在,刚刚结束,或可能还要继续下去。此时常与“for + 一段时间”或“since + 表过去的时间点”或“since + 从句”连用。如:

(1)He has lived here since 1978.

自从1978年以来,他一直住在这儿。(动作起始于1978年,一直延续到现在,可能还要继续下去。)

(2)I have lived here for more than 30 years.

我在这儿已经住了三十多年了。(动作开始于30多年前,一直延续至今,有可能还要继续下去。)

(3)He has lived here for 30 years. 他住在这儿三十年了。(现在还住在这儿)(4)They've known each other since childhood. 他们从小彼此相识。(现在还继续往来)

(5)How long have you studied English?你学英语多久了?(现在仍在学)友情提示:在这类句子的肯定句中谓语动词通常用延续性动词。终止性动词由于动作不能持续,故不能与for或since引出的时间状语连用。但终止性动词的否定式可与这类时间状语连用。如:

I haven't met him for a long time. 我好长时间没见到他了。

五、非延续性动词到延续性动词的转换,如:

fall asleep (ill) →be asleep (ill)

begin,(start)→ be on open →be open

buy→ have get up→ be up die→ be dead go out→ be out

come→ be in close→be closed

arrive→be here join→be in, be a +名词

finish( end )→be over leave, move →be away, be out of

borrow →keep catch(a cold)→ have(a cold)

come back→be back put on→wear 或be on

例句:

(1)He has been a soldier for three years.他参军三年了。

(2)His father has been dead for two years.他父亲去世二年了。

(3)The film has been on for ten minutes.电影已开始十分钟了。

(4)We have studied English for three years. 我们(开始)学英语已三年了。

六、have been(to)与have gone( to)的区别:

have been(to)表示“去过某地(现在已经回来了)”,可用于各人称;

have gone(to)表示“去某地了(说话时某人不在当地)”,常用于第三人称,

I have been to Paris three times. 表明我已经去过巴黎,并且已经回来了,有过这样的经历。

She has gone to Paris. 表明他在去巴黎的路上,现在还没有回来。

一般过去时和现在完成时

( 1 )一般过去时的谓语动词用过去式,而现在完成时的谓语基本构成是“助动词have/ has + 过去分词”。

(2) 、一般过去时通常与表示过去的时间状语连用。如: yesterday, last week , two years ago ,just now ,in 2002 等;而现在完成时则常与 just ,already ,ever ,never 等副词和 these days ,this week ,since ......, for ...... 等表示一段时间的状语连用。

试比较以下几组句子,有什么区别:

① A:Have you seen the film ?

B:Did you see the film ?

分析:你看过这部电影吗?( A )句强调的是被问者对剧情是否了解;( B )句强调的是看这部电影的动作是否发生过,并不强调是否知道其内容。

② A:How has he done it ?

B:How did he do it ?

分析:他是怎么做的这件事?( A )句强调的是他做着件事的方式对现在产生了某种影响;( B )句单纯的询问做这件事的方式。

③ A:He has lived in Beijing for 8 years .

B:He lived in Beijing for 8 years .

分析:他在北京住了 8 年。( A )句讲的是到目前为止他在北京住了 8 年,可能还会继续在北京住下去。( B )句讲的是他在北京住过 8 年,现在已经不在北京了。

(2)现在完成时强调过去发生的动作对现在的影响和结果,而一般过去时与现在没有

联系,只是说明某个动作发生的时间是在过去。

比:I have washed the car. 我洗过了车。(看上去很漂亮)

I washed the car a moment ago. 我刚才洗过车了。

She has watered the flowers. 她已经浇了花。(不需要再浇了)

She watered the flowers yesterday. 她昨天浇的花。

I have written the letter but I haven't posted it yet. 信我已经写好了,但还没有寄出。

I wrote the letter last week and I posted it three days ago. 我上周写的那封信,3天前寄出的。

(3)现在完成时表示的动作或状态延续到现在并可能延续下去,而一般过去时则单纯表示过去某段时间内的经历。

比:It has rained for five hours. 雨已经下了5个小时了。

It rained for five hours yesterday. 昨天下了5个小时的雨。

He has waited for her for two hours. 他等她已经两个小时了。

He waited for her two hours and then went home. 他等她等了两个小时,然后就回家了。

I have reviewed two lessons this morning. 今天上午我已经复习了两课。(说话时还在上午)

I reviewed two lessons this morning. 今天上午我复习了两课。(说话时已是下午或晚上)

(注:可编辑下载,若有不当之处,请指正,谢谢!)

【初中英语】现在完成时-知识点归纳与练习(1)

必备英语【初中英语】现在完成时-知识点归纳与练习 一、初中英语现在完成时 1.The tall building here for 100 years. A. is B. was C. has been D. is been 【答案】 C 【解析】【分析】那幢高楼在这里已经有100年了。根据for 100 years可知“高楼在这里”是过去发生的动作一直持续到现在,要用现在完成时态,其谓语动词形式为have/has+动词过去分词。故选C。 【点评】此题考查现在完成时,平时应多归纳总结各种时态,语态和句式的结构及用法。 2.All the skirts .They very well. A. sold out;are sold B. sell out;have sold C. have been sold out;sell D. have sold out;sell 【答案】C 【解析】【分析】句意:所有的裙子都卖完了,他们非常畅销。第一空sell out“卖完”,强调裙子已经被卖完的状态,本句用现在完成时的被动语态:has/have+been+过去分词,sell 的过去分词为sold;第二空sell作“销售”解释时用主动语态,在此处表一直卖得很好的状态,用一般现在时。故选C。 【点评】本题考查一般现在时和现在完成时的被动语态,注意sell的不同语态和用法。 3.The volunteers ________ a lot of help to the old and the young since 2010. A. offered B. have offered C. are offering D. will offer 【答案】 B 【解析】【分析】考查时态.句意"自2010以来,志愿者们向老人和青年提供了大量的帮助.".A过去时.B现在完成时态.C现在进行时态.D一般将来时态.since+点时间通常用于现在完成时态,结构是have/has+动词的过去分词,主语是volunteers复数,用助动词have.offer的过去分词是offered.答案是B. 4.My father ____ in a panda protection center for 10 years, so he knows a lot about panda. A. was working B. is working C. has worked D. will work 【答案】 C 【解析】【分析】句意:我父亲在熊猫保护中心工作了10年,所以他对熊猫很了解。由句中的语句for 10 years 提示可知,此句要用现在完成时,主语my father,助动词要用has,故选C。 【点评】考查现在完成时的基本结构及用法,注意根据句子的时间状语判断时态。

英语现在完成时态讲解学习资料

现在完成时 一、定义:表示一个动作在过去发生并对现在产生影响 表示一个动作由过去发生持续到现在有可能停下,也有可能延续下去 表示一个动作从过去开始发生到目前为止已经发生多次。 二、构成:现在完成时是由“助动词have / has + 动词的过去分词”构成的, 其规则动词的过去分词构成与过去式相同,不规则动词的过去分词则需加强记忆。 如:I have just cleaned my clothes.我刚洗过衣服。 My brother has done his homework already. 我的弟弟已经做完他的作业了。 友情提示:在现在完成时的各种结构中,have, has均为助动词,无实际意义,只起构成时态的作用,不可省略。当主语是第三人称单数时助动词用has,其余人称一律用have。 过去分词 1 、规则动词:规则动词的过去分词的构成规则与规则动词的过去式的构成规则相同。 四点变化规则: (1)、一般动词,在词尾直接加“ ed ”。 work---worked---worked ,visit---visited---visited (2)、以“ e ”结尾的动词,只在词尾加“ d ”。 live---lived---lived , (3)、以“辅音字母+ y ”结尾的动词,将"y" 变为"i" ,再加“ ed ”。 study---studied---studied ,cry---cried---cried , play---played---played ,stay---stayed---stayed (4)、重读闭音节结尾,末尾只有一个辅音字母,先双写该辅音字母,再加“ ed ”。 stop---stopped---stopped , drop---dropped--dropped 2 、不规则动词: AAA型 原型过去式过去分词 burst burst burst cast cast cast cost cost cost cut cut cut hit hit hit hurt hurt hurt put put put set set set shut shut shut

高考英语过去完成时及其解题技巧及练习题(含答案)

高考英语过去完成时及其解题技巧及练习题(含答案) 一、单项选择过去完成时 1.—He’s got our tickets. —That’s good I ________afraid that he ________them. A.am; has forgotten B.was; had forgotten C.was; forget D.am; will forget 【答案】B 【解析】 试题分析:考查时态:--他拿了我们的票。--太好了,我原来害怕他忘了。因为现在知道他没忘,所以是原来害怕他忘了,第一空用一般过去式was,主句用一般过去式,从句用相应的过去时,排除D,用过去完成时,选B。 考点:考查时态 2.The girl, when _____ why she _____ in the exam, just lowered her head and kept silent. A.questioned; was cheated B.being questioned; was cheating C.questioned; had cheated D.being questioned; has cheated 【答案】C 【解析】 考查非谓语动词。句意:当被问到为什么在考试中作弊中,小女孩子低头不语。When引导的是是时间状语从句,与girl 之间是被动关系,所以用done形式,作弊没有被动语态,故选C项。 3.Father ________ for London on business upon my arrival, so I didn’t see him. A.has left B.left C.had left D.was leaving 【答案】C 【解析】 分析句子,由于后半句用的是一般过去式,故根据意思可知前半句的事是发生在后半句之前,故用过去完成时,故选C。句意:父亲在我回来之前已经去出差了,所以我没有见到他。 4.When we _______the railway station, the train _______for 5 minutes.

初中英语现在完成时态练习题

初中英语现在完成时态练习题 现在完成时态练习 一(写出下列动词的的过去式和过去分词 repair be hold begin hurt pay learn run leave send lose cut win catch understand move throw feel swim get sleep eat study sing take 二(用所给动词的适当形式填空 1. I_______ already _______ (see) the film. I _____ (see) it last week. 2. ----- _______ he ________(finish) his work ? ------Not yet. 3. The students (leave) school when the accident happened yesterday. 4. -----_______ you ever ________(eat ) chocolates? ----No, never. 5. --- I ___________ (see) the fil m “Chicken Run” last week.

--- Where ________ you _______ (see) it? 6. We (hold) a sports meeting next week. 7. Shanghai _______ (be) a small town hundreds of years ago. Now it __ _ (become) a large city. 8. I __________ (work) here since I __________ (move) here in 1999. 9. So far I ______________(make) quite a few friends here. 10. How long ___ __ the Smiths ____(stay)here? ---- For two weeks. 11. What he (do) at 8:00 last night? 12. Mum (cook) when I got home yesterday. 13. I ____________ (not want) to see the film. I ___________ (see) it with my parents. We _________ (see) it last Sunday. 14. The teacher told us that the earth (travel) around the sun. 15. __ ____ you ____ ___ (read) today’s newspaper yet? 16. They _ _ ___already___ __(do) their homework. 17.--- Where is Jim?--- He ___ __ (water) the flowers in the garden. 18. She ____________ (be) ill for three days. I’m sorry to heat that. 19. A squirrel (hide) itself if it (feel) dangerous. 20.---What Tom (do) now? ---He (work) on a maths problem. --- He (work) it out? ---No, not yet. I (think) he (work) it out soon. 21. --- I (hear) a lot about Hong Kong Disneyland recently. --- Next time you go to Hong Kong, I will take you there.

高三英语过去完成时专题训练答案及解析

高三英语过去完成时专题训练答案及解析 一、单项选择过去完成时 1.-----What were you up to when she dropped in? ------I______ for a while and _____ some reading. A.had played ; did B.played; did C.had played :was going to do D.was playing; was going to do 【答案】C 【解析】 考查时态。由第一句可判断出第二句描述的事情发生在过去,for a while是相对于when she dropped in来说的when she dropped in,“我已经玩一会儿了”,因此该用过去完成时态.再看后一个动作,承接前面for a while,仍然在过去,had played for a while之后,因此应用过去将来时,表示过去那个时间将要发生的动作,故选C。 2._______ could be judged from her eyes that she was terribly sorry for what she ________. A.As; had done B.That; did C.As; did D.It; had done 【答案】D 【解析】 本题句意“从她的眼神可以判断,她为她所做的感到非常抱歉”。此句中的that引导的从句是真正的主语,而it作形式主语。她感到抱歉是过去时,而所做的在抱歉之前已发生,故用过去完成时。 3.The wife a big dinner when the husband was aware of their eighth wedding anniversary that day. A.was still preparing B.had hardly prepared C.did carefully prepare D.would eagerly prepare 【答案】B 【解析】考查时态。句意为:妻子刚准备好一顿丰盛的晚餐丈夫就意识到那天是他们结婚八周年纪念日。hardly...when一……就……,符合题意。故选B。 4.(湖南十二校联考)I got an e-mail from my old friend last Sunday.Until then,we________in touch for nearly 3 years. A.didn’t get B.haven’t got C.hadn’t got D.don’t get 【答案】C 【解析】 考查时态。句意为:上周日我收到了老朋友的一封邮件。在那之前,我们将近三年没有联系了。根据Until then可知,get in touch这一动作发生在got an e-mail之前,所以用过去完成时。 答案:C

(英语)英语现在完成时提高训练

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recently; recent years; these days/ years; lately; since; for+时间段;in the past few years; ever since; in the last five months; up to now; since then; so far; ever; never, yet; once; twice; already; before; just already (已经): 用于肯定句 I have already posted the letter . yet(已经): 用于否定句,疑问句 He hasn’t done his homework yet. just(刚刚)

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二、现在完成时标志词: recently; recent years; these days/ years; lately; since; for+时间段;in the past few years; ever since; in the last five months; up to now; since then; so far; ever; never, yet; once; twice; already; before; just already (已经): 用于肯定句 I have already posted the letter . yet(已经): 用于否定句,疑问句 He hasn’t done his homework yet. just(刚刚)

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