计算机专业英语基础知识

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计算机专业英语

计算机专业英语

1.4.2
• α • β • γ • δ • ε alpha beta gamma delta
常用希腊字母
η θ μ π ζ eta theta mu pi sigma η θ ψ ω λ tau phi psi omega lambda
epsilon
1.4.3 分数、小数及百分比
• • • • • •
1/2 a 0.2 1/3 a 0.0056 6/7 6 ‰
(one) half ( naught, zero) point two (one) third 0 point 0 0 five six six-sevenths six per mil (thousand)
1.4.4 符号与方程
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • a + b : a - b : a * b : a / b : a = b : a > b : a ≈ b : x →∞ : 90° : 90°C : 90°F : dx : dy / dx : y = f(x): a and (plus) b a minus b a times (multiplied by ) b a over (divided by ) b a equals (is equal to ) b a is greater than b a approximately equals b x approaches infinity ninety degrees ninety degrees Centigrade ninety degrees Fahrenheit differential x first derivative of y with respect to x y is a function of x

计算机专业英语复习资料

计算机专业英语复习资料

计算机专业英语复习资料计算机专业英语复习资料1、that the processor is the “intelligence” of a computer system;(p1) 处理器是计算机智能系统2、In 1965,when he first set out what we now call Moore’s Law,Gordon Moore said the number of components that could be packed onto an integrated circuit would double every year or so(later amended to18 months). (P17)在1965年,⼽登穆尔说,可以将很多的零部件装载在⼀个集成电路元件中,这样的话就可以每年都翻倍,这也就是他第⼀次提出摩尔定律(后来修订为18个⽉)3-43、This multicore processor plugs directly into a single socket on the motherboard. (P18)这种多内核处理器直接插⼊主板上的⼀个单⼀的插座。

4、Multicore processors are especially well suited to tasks that have operations that can be divided up into separate thread and run in parallel. (P18)多核处理器特别适合那些可以分成单线程和并⾏运⾏的任务操作。

5、640*480 means that the screen consists of 640 columns by 480 rows of pixels. (P36)640×480表⽰屏幕由640列480⾏的像素组成。

6-76、However, they also are bulky, fragile, and consume a great deal of power. (p37)然⽽,他们也都是笨重的,脆弱的,并且消耗⼤量的电⼒。

计算机专业英语

计算机专业英语
计算机专业英语
第一章 计算机科学
Computer science
Warm up

How do you define computer science? What did we learn about computer science? What are the basic disciplines about computer science? Applications?
Text One Philosophy of computer science
A number of computer scientists have argued for the distinction of three separate paradigms in computer science. Peter Wegner argued that those paradigms are science, technology, and mathematics. Peter Denning's working group argued that they are , abstraction (modeling), and design. Amnon H. Eden described them as the "rationalist paradigm" (which treats computer science as a branch of mathematics, which is prevalent in theoretical computer science, and mainly employs deductive reasoning), the "technocratic paradigm" (which might be found in engineering approaches, most prominently in software engineering), and the "scientific paradigm" (which approaches computer-related artifacts from the empirical perspective of natural sciences, identifiable in some branches of artificial intelligence).

计算机专业常用英语

计算机专业常用英语
17
10. local a. 局部;本地[机]
localhost 本(主)机
比较 remote a. 远程 remote access 远程访问 remote communications 远程通信 remote terminal 远程终端
11. ring network 环形网络 ring topology 环形拓扑
4
比较 model 模型 module 模块 modulo 模(运算)
11. opcode 操作码( operation code ) 12. decode v. 译码
decoder 译码器,解码器,翻译程序
5
2.2 Microprocessor And Microcomputer
1. integrated circuit 集成电路
8. library (程序)库,库
16
9. single threading 单线程处理方式
Within a program, the running of a single process at a time. 在程序中,一次运行一个进程的方式。
single-precision 单精度 single-user computer 单用户计算机 thread 线程;线索 threaded tree 线索树 threading 线程技术
11
16. idle a. 空闲,等待
Operational but not in use. 用来说明处在可操作状态但不在使用。 idle state 空闲状态
12
18. launch v. 启动,激活 19. prototyping 原型法 20. project n. 投影运算 21. workstation 工作站

(完整版)计算机科学专业英语词汇

(完整版)计算机科学专业英语词汇

(完整版)计算机科学专业英语词汇1. Introduction本文档为计算机科学专业英语词汇的完整版,旨在帮助学生研究和掌握计算机科学领域的英语词汇。

计算机科学作为一门高度技术性和专业性的学科,其英语词汇的掌握对于研究和理解相关知识至关重要。

2. Basic Terminology以下是计算机科学中的基础词汇:- Algorithm: 算法- Data Structure: 数据结构- Programming: 编程- Software: 软件- Hardware: 硬件- Database: 数据库- Network: 网络- Operating System: 操作系统- Debugging: 调试3. Programming Languages计算机科学领域有多种编程语言,以下是其中的一些:- Java: Java语言- Python: Python语言- C/C++: C/C++语言- JavaScript: JavaScript语言- Ruby: Ruby语言- Swift: Swift语言- PHP: PHP语言- Perl: Perl语言- SQL: SQL语言4. Development Tools以下是计算机科学领域常用的开发工具:- IDE (Integrated Development Environment): 集成开发环境- Text Editor: 文本编辑器- Version Control System: 版本控制系统- Debugger: 调试器- Virtual Machine: 虚拟机- Documentation: 文档5. Specialized Terminology计算机科学领域还有一些专业术语,以下是其中的一些:- Artificial Intelligence (AI): 人工智能- Machine Learning: 机器研究- Big Data: 大数据- Cybersecurity: 网络安全- Cryptography: 密码学- User Interface (UI): 用户界面- User Experience (UX): 用户体验- Agile Development: 敏捷开发- DevOps: 开发运维6. Conclusion本文档涵盖了计算机科学专业中常用的英语词汇,包括基础术语、编程语言、开发工具以及专业术语。

计算机专业英语 考试词汇

计算机专业英语 考试词汇

第1章Introduction to the Digital Computer数字计算机:digital computer数据处理系统:data processing system程序设计:programming程序语句:statement真空管:vacuum-tube晶体管:transistor电子线路:electronic circuitry集成电路:IC integrated circuit大规模集成电路:LSI large scale integration 或者large scale integrated circuit开关:switch计算:computation变量:variable算法:algorithm信息技术:information technology程序设计语言:programming language数据库:database操作系统:operating system软件工程:software engineering编译程序:compiler编辑程序:editor加法器:adder计数器:counter计算机网络:computer network人机接口:human-computer interface增加:insert删除:delete更新:update检索:retrieval软件:software硬件:hardware外部设备:peripheral输入设备:input unit输出设备:output unit存储器:memory unit中央处理器:CPU central processing unit键盘:keyboard视频显示终端:video display terminal主存储器:main memory辅助存储器:auxiliary memory内部存储器:internal memory外部存储器:external memory 半导体:semiconductor磁鼓:magnetic drum磁盘:magnetic disk磁带:magnetic tape软盘:floppy disk硬盘:hard disk通用计算机:general-purpose computer专用计算机:special-purpose computer算数逻辑单元:ALU arithmetic and logic unit 寄存器:register随机访问存储器:RAM random-access memory只读存储器:ROM read-only memory应用软件:application software系统软件:system software公共总线:common bus时钟脉冲:clock pulse最高有效位:most significant bits最低有效位:least significant bits第2章Basic Digital-Logic Devices逻辑门电路:logic gates微处理器:microprocessor真值表:truth table补码:complement波形:waveform电位:potential运算器:operator组合逻辑:combinatorial logic晶体管晶体管逻辑电路:TTL transistor-transistor logic推拉输出电路:totem-pole output门控锁存器:gated latch选通脉冲:strobe反相器:inverter组合电路:combinational circuit 布尔函数:Boolean function译码器:decoder触发器:flip-flop低电平有效:active-low高电平有效:active-high边沿触发型触发器:edged-triggered flip-flop 凹陷电平、门槛电平:threshold level上升沿:rising edge下降沿:falling edge移位寄存器:shift register双向移位寄存器:bi-directional shift register 并行传送:parallel transfer二进制计数器:binary counter正反馈:positive feedback 负反馈:negative feedback第3章Programming the Computer机器指令:machine instructions二进制代码:binary code八进制代码:octal code十六进制代码:hexadecimal code符号代码:symbolic code汇编程序:assembler编译程序:compiler面向用户的:user-oriented面向问题的:problem-oriented操作数:operand汇编语言指令:assembly language instructions微处理器:microprocessor机器代码:machine code源程序:source code操作码:opcode助记符:mnemonic累加器:accumulator源操作数:source operand目的操作数:destination operand注释:comment寻址方式:addressing mode直接寻址:direct addressing间接寻址:indirect addressing存储器有效地址:EA effective memory address 偏移量:offset索引、变址:index指针寄存器:pointer register变址寄存器:index register基址寄存器:base register基址指针寄存器:base pointer register目的变址寄存器:destination index register 源变址寄存器:source index register精简指令集计算机:RISC reducedinstruction set computer流水线:pipeline结构化语言:structured language程序块结构:block structure块结构语言:block structure language面向问题的程序设计语言:problem orientedprogramming language面向机器的程序设计语言:machine oriented programming language类:class继承:inheritance对象:object人工智能:artificial intelligence封装:encapsulation多态性:polymorphism域名:domain name系统管理员:system administrator第4章The Computer Memory通用计算机:general-purpose computers主存:main memory辅存:auxiliary memory高速缓冲存储器:cache memory随机访问存储器:RAM random accessmemory只读存储器:ROM read-only memory存储单元:memory cell常量:constant数组、矩阵:array可编程只读存储器:PROM programmable read-only memory可擦除可编程只读存储器:EPROM erasable programmable read-only memory电可擦除可编程只读存储器:EEPROM electrically erasable programmable read-only memory半导体集成电路:semiconductor integrated circuit电容器:capacitor 放电:discharge引导装入模块:bootstrap loader初始化程序:initial program金属氧化物半导体:MOS metal oxide semiconductor多道程序设计:multiprogramming重定位:relocation软盘:floppy disk磁泡存储器:magnetic bubble memory软扇区磁盘:soft-sectored disk硬扇区磁盘:hard-sectored disk磁道:track柱面:cylinder固件:firmware虚拟地址:virtual address地址空间:address space物理地址:physical address存储空间:memory space磁盘操作系统:DOS disk operating system第5章Input/Output Devices监视器:monitor点距:dot pitch电子枪:electron gun荧光体:phosphor阴极射线管:CRT cathode ray tube分辨率:resolution视频信号:video signal带宽:bandwidth用户手册:owner’s manual软拷贝:softcopy硬拷贝:hardcopy显微胶片:microfilm光栅、扫描线:raster象素:pixel垂直分辨率:vertical resolution水平分辨率:horizontal resolution彩色图形适配器:CGA color graphics adapter增强型图形适配器:EGA extended graphics adapter主板:motherboard位映射图像:bit-mapped graphics字符映射显示:character-mapped display液晶显示器:LCD liquid crystal display 触摸屏:touch panel图标:icon发光二极管:LED light-emitting diode坐标:coordinate打字机:typewriter控制台:console远程终端:remote terminal大写字符:uppercase小写字符:lowercase电阻器:resistor鼠标:mouse光标:cursor鼠标垫:mouse pad计算机辅助设计:CAD computer aided design报文交换:message-switching矩阵:matrix激光打印机:laser printer静电:static electricity非击打式打印机:nonimpact printers桌面排版系统:desktop publishing光学字符识别:optical character recognition 通用串行总线:universal serial bus数码相机:digital camera第6章Software engineering软件工程:software engineering程序流程图:program flowchart高内聚:highly cohesive低耦合:loosely coupled软件过程:software process结构化程序设计:structured programming自顶向下程序设计:top-down design结构化普查:structured walkthroughs第7章Operating System操作系统:operating system低级语言:low level language高级语言:high level language数据结构:data structure目录:directory属性:attribute进程:process栈指针:stack pointer磁芯映像、内存映像:core image图形用户界面:GUI graphical user interface工作站:workstation服务器:server传输控制协议:TCP Transmission Control Protocol网络互联协议:IP Internet Protocol第五章Input/Output Devices光学字符识别:OCR optical character recognition通用串行总线:USB universal serial bus数码相机:digital camera像素:pixel扫描仪:scanner液晶显示器:LCD Liquid Crystal Display第六章Software engineering软件工程:software engineering程序流程图:program flowchart高内聚:highly cohesive低耦合:loosely coupled软件过程:software process结构化程序设计:structured programming自顶向下程序设计:top-down design结构化普查:structured walkthroughs第七章Operating System操作系统:operating system低级语言:low level language高级语言:high level language数据结构:data structure检查和:checksum目录:directory属性:attribute进程:process栈指针:stack pointer磁芯映像、内存映像:core image图形用户界面:GUI graphical user interface工作站:workstation服务器:server传输控制协议:TCP Transmission Control Protocol网络互联协议:IP Internet Protocol快捷键:shortcut key第八章Computer Networks全双工异步通信:full duplex asynchronous communication全双工:full duplex电流:electric current双绞线:twisted pair wiring调制解调器:modem信号损失:signal loss载波:carrier wave调制:modulation解调:demodulation光纤:optical fiber调幅:amplitude modulation调频:frequency modulation同轴电缆:coaxial cable网络接口卡:NIC network interface card帧格式:frame format拨号:dialup呼叫模式:calling mode应答模式:answer mode面向字符的:character-oriented网络分析器:network analyzer载波监听多重访问:CSMA carrier sense with multiple access 令牌环网:token ring network网络流量:network traffic随机模式:promiscuous mode星型拓扑结构:star topology环型拓扑结构:ring topology总线型拓扑结构:bus topology印刷电路板:printed circuit board校验和:checksum中继器:repeater桥接器:bridge交换机:switch集线器:hub路由器:router客户端:client服务器:server域名系统:DNS domain name system电子邮件:E-mail electronic mail第九章Computer Applications标题栏:title bar下拉菜单:pull-down menu菜单条:menu bar工具条:tool bar格式条:format bar快捷键:shortcut key文本区:text area滚动条:scroll bar视图图标:view icon状态栏:status bar工作窗口:active window对话框:dialog box文本框:text box命令按钮:command button列表框:list box单选按钮:radio button复选框:check box关系型数据库:relational database层次型数据库:hierarchical database网状数据库:network database数据库管理系统:DBMS database management system 实体-关系:ER entity-relationship虚拟现实:virtual reality地理信息系统:GIS geographic information system扩展名:extension计算机辅助设计:CAD computer aided design 模型空间:model space纸张空间:paper space工业机器人:industrial robot内置的:built-in传感器:sensor限位开关:limit switch电机启动器:motor starter固态继电器:solid-state relay指示灯:indicator light梯形图程序:ladder program。

学电脑时要具备的英语基础知识

学电脑时要具备的英语基础知识

学电脑时要具备的英语基础知识PC:个人计算机Personal Computer·CPU:中央处理器Central Processing Unit·CPU Fan:中央处理器的“散热器”(Fan)·MB:主机板MotherBoard·RAM:内存Random Access Memory,以PC-代号划分规格,如PC-133,PC-1066,PC-2700·HDD:硬盘Hard Disk Drive·FDD:软盘Floopy Disk Drive·CD-ROM:光驱Compact Disk Read Only Memory·DVD-ROM:DVD光驱Digital Versatile Disk Read Only Memory ·CD-RW:刻录机Compact Disk ReWriter·VGA:显示卡(显示卡正式用语应为Display Card)·AUD:声卡(声卡正式用语应为Sound Card)·LAN:网卡(网卡正式用语应为Network Card)·MODM:数据卡或调制解调器Modem·HUB:集线器·WebCam:网络摄影机·Capture:影音采集卡·Case:机箱·Power:电源·Moniter:屏幕,CRT为显像管屏幕,LCD为液晶屏幕·USB:通用串行总线Universal Serial Bus,用来连接外围装置·IEEE1394:新的高速序列总线规格Institute of Electrical And Electronic Engineers·Mouse:鼠标,常见接口规格为PS/2与USB·KB:键盘,常见接口规格为PS/2与USB·Speaker:喇叭·Printer:打印机·Scanner:扫描仪·UPS:不断电系统·IDE:指IDE接口规格Integrated Device Electronics,IDE接口装置泛指采用IDE接口的各种设备·SCSI:指SCSI接口规格Small Computer System Interface,SCSI 接口装置泛指采用SCSI接口的各种设备·GHz:(中央处理器运算速度达)Gega赫兹/每秒·FSB:指“前端总线(Front Side Bus)”频率,以MHz为单位·ATA:指硬盘传输速率ATAttachment,A TA-133表示传输速率为133MB/sec·AGP:显示总线Accelerated Graphics Port,以2X,4X,8X表示传输频宽模式·PCI:外围装置连接端口Peripheral Component Interconnect·A TX:指目前电源供应器的规格,也指主机板标准大小尺寸·BIOS:硬件(输入/输出)基本设置程序Basic Input Output System ·CMOS:储存BIOS基本设置数据的记忆芯片Complementary Metal-Oxide Semiconductor·POST:开机检测Power On Self Test·OS:操作系统Operating System·Windows:窗口操作系统,图形接口·DOS:早期文字指令接口的操作系统·fdisk:“规划硬盘扇区”-DOS指令之一·format:“硬盘扇区格式化”-DOS指令之一·setup.exe:“执行安装程序”-DOS指令之一·Socket:插槽,如CPU插槽种类有SocketA,Socket478等等·Pin:针脚,如ATA133硬盘排线是80Pin,如PC2700内存模块是168Pin·Jumper:跳线(短路端子)·bit:位(0与1这两种电路状态),计算机数据最基本的单位·Byte:字节,等于8 bit(八个位的组合,共有256种电路状态),计算机一个文字以8 bit来表示·KB:等于1024 Byte·MB:等于1024 KB·GB:等于1024 MB。

计算机英语基础知识

计算机英语基础知识

2) The motherboard is at the heart of the computer.
3) A hard disk stores all your data and programs
4) The PCI bus (slots) was introduced by Intel about ten years ago and is still in use today.
Software took center stage in 1978 when Dan Bricklin and Bob Frankston produced VisiCalc, the first spread sheet. This turned the personal computer into a useful business tool, not just a game machine or replacement for the electric typewriter.
Although ever increasing, speed is becoming irrelevant to most users. Almost all current computers are easily fast enough to run Windows, browse the Web, read EMail, listen to MP3 (music) files, and run all the Office programs. Faster speeds are only useful if you play computer games, edit video files, or run a server.
5) Memory is just as important to computers as it is to us. Memory chips store all the information used by the computer to carry out a task
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翻译要求基于阅读,但高于阅读。 翻译要做到 “信、达、雅”
精品课件
专业英语的特点
专业英语的专业性
专业性主要体现在它的专业内容和特殊专业词汇。 catch a crab Milky Way pull one’s leg burn a hole in one’s pocket
精品课件
e.g.1 公共英语词汇的特殊应用
peer-to精品课件
point-and-click
line-by-line forward
over-hyped controlable
end-user
sign-on
pull-down pop-up
精品课件
drag-and-drop store-and-
operator-
e.g.1 The processing method of the program giving details of product’s distance and direction is discussed. e.g.2 Production cost saving due to reduced system down-time using the new techniques are indicated.
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专业英语的实义性
在应用领域中,专业英语体现了一种实义性,也就是 说,从专业的角度,只要能够说明问题,阐述中心意思, 在某种特殊文体结构上,用词节省、句子紧凑精炼、采用 实义词汇而不拘泥于完整语法。常采用不定式短语、分词 短语、介词短语动名词短语等,作者力图用最少的语言表 达尽可能多的意思。
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e.g.2 词汇的多义性
* Transistor is a current-operated device.
* The relay is operated by a current of mA.
* This circuit is operated from battery. * The patient was operated by surgeon. * Programmer is operating the computer.
词同义的短单词,或者将组成词汇短语的各个单词的首字母
拼接为一个大写字母的字符串。
1. 压缩和省略(将某些太长、难拼难记、使用频繁的单 词压缩成一个短小的单词,或取其头部、或取其关键音节)
flu =influenza laboratory
iff = ? math =mathematics
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lab =
2. 缩写(将某些词组和单词集合中每个实意单词的第一或者首 部几个字母重新组合,组成为一个新的词汇,作为专门词汇使用。 在应用中形成三种类型)
(1)通常以小写字母出现,并作为常规单词 radar (radio detecting and ranging) laser (light amplification by stimulated emission of
e.g.3 公共词汇的专业性 bus , bridge , router , thread ,
semaphore
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专业英语的客观性
专业英语文体在很多情况下是对某个科技产品和科技技术,为了表示一种 公 允性和客观性,往往在句子结构上采用被动语态(passive)描述,即以被描述 者为主体,或者以第三者的身份介绍文章要点和内容。
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计算机专业英语中的词汇
专业词汇的构成 一、派生词(derivation)
1. 前缀(改变词义,不改变词性,置
于词根之前)
① multi- ② hyper- ③ super④ inter- ⑤ micro- ⑥ tele-
2. 后缀(改变词性,改变词义/词类)
① -scope ② -meter ③ -graph
④ -able ⑤ -ware
⑥ -ity
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二、复合词(compounding)
复合词的实例有:
① -based ② -centric oriented
③-
④ -free
⑤ info-
其他
point-to-point plug-and-play
easy-to-use
off-the-shelf
重点在于掌握重要的关键性的知识段,了解和熟悉某 个 问题(专题或论点),对于不重要的部分一带而过。所以需 要一定的阅读能力,既要读得懂,也要读得快。
理解比速度更重要 专业英语阅读中必须注意词汇的含义
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翻译
翻译是用一种语言把另一种语言表示的 内容准确无误地重新表达出来,翻译不是原文的 翻版或者复制,从某种意义上来说是原文的再创 作。
* There is no if in the case. * I know the ins and outs of the questions. * The past years have produced only the bits and pieces for future system whose forms of implementation are still uncertain.
radiation ) (2)以大写字母出现,具有主体发音音节 BASIC (Beginner’s All-purpose Symbolic Instruction
Code) TOEFL (Test Of English as a Foreign Language) (3)以大写字母出现,没有读音音节,仅为字母头缩写 PCB (Process Control Block) 进程控制块 DBMS (DataBase Management System) 数据库管理系统
专业英语知识补充
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本章学习要点
专业英语与公共英语 阅读 翻译 专业英语的特点 计算机专业英语中词汇 专业英语的重要结构与语法重点
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专业英语与公共英语的区别
专业英语=公共英语+专业词汇
阅读
精读(intensive reading)→泛读(extensive reading)
front-user sign-off
push-up
三、混成词(blending)
brunch
smog
compuser syscall
e.g
Globull. Knowledgeabull. Expandabull. Reliabull.
codec
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四、缩略词(shortening)
缩略词是将较长的英语单词取其首部或者主干构成 与原
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