Unit 1 How can we become good learners 教案
Unit 1 How can we become good learners?学习目标认知目标：1. Talk about how to study. 学会讨论各种学习方法和策略。
2. Find out your suitable learning methods. 找出适合自己的学习方法。
情感目标：通过对学习方法的学习，培养学生用正确而科学的方法做事的能力，明白“一份耕耘，一份收获”。
技能目标：（1）熟练掌握下列词汇：aloud pronunciation discover repeat notepronounce increase speed partner createactive connect review knowledge wiselyborn attention（2）熟练掌握下列短语：work with friends ask the teacher for helpread aloud look up practice pronunciationconnect…with…pay attention to （3）掌握下列句型：How do you study English?I learn by working with a group.Do you learn English by reading aloud?Yes, I do. It helps my pronunciation.How can I read faster?You can read faster by reading word groups.How can I improve my pronunciation?One way is by listening to tapes.But whether or not you can do this well depends on your learning habits.重点、难点（Key points and difficulties）1. 学会运用how来询问做事方式2. 学会运用by + doing的结构表达做事方式。
by 介词，表示“通过……方法或途径”，译成“靠、通过”。
by后面可以加名词或动名词短语。
3. 动名词的构成：动词后加动名词doing，相当于名词，在句子中可以做主语、宾语、表语定语等。
课时划分Period 1 Section A 1 (1a-2d)Period 2 Section A 2 (3a-3b)Period 3 Section A 3 (Grammar Focus—4c)Period 4 Section B 1 (1a-2e)Period 5 Section B 2 (3a-selfcheck)Section A 1 (1a-2d)Step 1 Warming upT: How do you study English? Do you study English by the following ways?(Show some pictures and present the important phrases.)T: How do you study English?S: I study English by ______.by working with friends.by making word cards.by asking the teacher for help.by reading the textbook.by working with a group.by listening tapes.Step 2 1a Check the ways you study English. Then add other ways you sometimes study.___ a. by working with friends.___ b. by making word card.___ c. by reading the textbook.___ d. by listening to tapes___ e. by asking the teacher for help.…Step 3 Listening1) Listen. How do these students study for a test? Write letters from 1a above.2) Check the answers: b (Meiping); e (Peter); d (Tony)Step 4 GuessShow some pictures.Guess: How does he/she study English? He/She studies English by…How do they study English? They study English by…Step 5 Pairwork1c Make conversations about how you study for a test.A: How do you study for a test?B: I study by working with a group.A: How do you study for a test?B: I study by…Step 6 Listening2a Listen and check the questions you hear.1 ____ Does anyone learn English by watching videos?2 ____ Do you have conversations with friends in English?3 ____ What about listening to tapes?4 ____ What about reading aloud to practice pronunciation?5 ____ Have you ever studied with a group?Answers: 1, 2, 4, 52b Listen again. Match each answer below with a question above.a. Yes, I have. I’ve learned a lot that way.b. Oh, yes. It really improves my speaking skills.c. I do that sometimes. I think it helps.d. No. It’s too hard to understand spoken English.Answers: d, b, c, aStep 7 Pairwork1. 2c Make conversations using the information in 2a and 2bA: Have you ever studied with a group?B: Yes, I have. I’ve learned a lot that wa y.Show some pictures.1) A: Do you learn English by watching movies?B: Yes, it’s a very interesting way.C: No, it’s too hard to understand spoken English.2) A: What about writing letters to a pen pal in America?B: Yes, it helps to improve my writing skills and know a lot aboutAmerica.3) A: Do you have conversations with friends in English?B: Of course, we can talk about plenty of things like school, pets,movies, and our parents.2. 2c Role-play the conversation.Step 8 SummaryHow do you study English?1. by working with friends2. by watching English movies.3. by making word cards.4. by reading the textbook.5. by listening to tapes.6. by asking the teacher for help.7. by reading aloud.…Step 9 Language points1. I study by working with a group.我通过小组活动来学习。
by作为介词，用法很多。
请仔细观察下面的例句，分析by的用法，然后补全结论部分所缺的内容。
【例句】1) Come and sit by us.2) Peter goes to work by bus every day.3) Tony will come back by 10:00 pm.4) English is spoken by lots of people.5) My brother studies history by working with a group.【结论】1) by可表示位置，(1) “__________”，如句1。
也有“从……旁边（经过）”之意。
2) by可表示交通、传递等的方式，如句2。
3) by可表示时间，“到（某时）之前；不迟于”，如句3。
4) by可用于构成(2) ________，“被，由”，如句4。
5) by可表示方式或手段，(3) “____________”结构在句中作方式状语，“通过……方式（方法）”或“借助……手段”，如句5。
Answers: (1) 在……旁边(2) 被动语态(3) by + V-ing形式【运用】根据提示，用含有by的短语完成各句。
1) Annie went to Beijing _______ (乘火车) yesterday.2) His grandfather made a living _________ (靠卖水果) in the past.3) The scientists have to arrive at the village _________ (八月以前).4) Allen goes _______________ (经过邮局) on his way to school everymorning.5) The book was written ____________ (由几个工程师).Answers: 1) by train 2) by selling fruits 3) by August 4) by the post office 5) by several engineers2. What about reading aloud to practice pronunciation?大声朗读来练习发音怎么样？辨析aloud, loud和loudlyaloud出声地；大声地。
新人教版九年级英语Unit1 How can we become good learners？知识点及测试(附答案)
Unit1 How can we become good learners?短语用法集锦：1. ask sb.for sth向某人索要或请求某物2.have conversations with sb.同某人谈话3.too….to……太…而不能4.the secret to…......的秘诀5.at first起初，起先6.be afraid of doing sth/be afraid to do sth害怕做某事7.be born with 天生具有.....8.take notes记笔记9.have....in common在某方面有共同之处10.word by word逐字逐词11.look up（字典、参考书中或电脑中）查阅12.read aloud大声读13.make mistakes in在......方面犯错误14.connect……with…..把......和......连接/联系起来15.get bored感到厌烦16.be stressed out焦虑不安的17.pay attention to注意；关注18.depend on取决于；依靠19.the meaning of... ......的意思20.be interested in对.....感兴趣21.so....that... 如此.......以至于.......22.have the ability to do sth.有做某事的能力23.instead of代替，而不是24.give a report作报告25. speaking skills 口语技巧even if即使，尽管26. learning habits学习习惯as well也27.Fall in love with sb. 爱上.... Keep doing sth. 一直做某事28.Practice doing sth. 练习做某事用法详解：一．Do you have conversations with friends in English?have a conversion with... 与......交谈/谈话=be in a conversion with…Eg.He had a conversation with his son yesterday.他昨天跟他的儿子进行了交谈。
Unit-1-How-can-we-become-good-learners-难点
Unit 1 How can we become good learners?重点、难点（Key points and difficulties）1. 学会运用how来询问做事方式2. 学会运用by + doing的结构表达做事方式。
by 介词，表示“通过……方法或途径”，译成“靠、通过”。
by后面可以加名词或动名词短语。
3. 动名词的构成：动词后加动名词doing，相当于名词，在句子中可以做主语、宾语、表语定语等。
How do you study English?1. by working with friends2. by watching English movies.3. by making word cards.4. by reading the textbook.5. by listening to tapes.6. by asking the teacher for help.7. by reading aloud.1. I study by working with a group.我通过小组活动来学习。
by作为介词，用法很多。
请仔细观察下面的例句，分析by的用法，然后补全结论部分所缺的内容。
【例句】1) Come and sit by us.2) Peter goes to work by bus every day.3) Tony will come back by 10:00 pm.4) English is spoken by lots of people.5) My brother studies history by working with a group.【结论】1) by可表示位置，(1) “__________”，如句1。
也有“从……旁边（经过）”之意。
2) by可表示交通、传递等的方式，如句2。
3) by可表示时间，“到（某时）之前；不迟于”，如句3。
4) by可用于构成(2) ________，“被，由”，如句4。
中考英语Unit 1 How can we become good learners
Unit 1 How can we become good learners?学习目标认知目标：1. Talk about how to study. 学会讨论各种学习方法和策略。
2. Find out your suitable learning methods. 找出适合自己的学习方法。
情感目标：通过对学习方法的学习，培养学生用正确而科学的方法做事的能力，明白“一份耕耘，一份收获”。
技能目标：（1）熟练掌握下列词汇：aloud pronunciation discover repeat notepronounce increase speed partner createactive connect review knowledge wisely bornattention（2）熟练掌握下列短语： work with friends ask the teacher for helpread aloud look up practice pronunciationconnect…with… pay attention to（3）掌握下列句型：How do you study English?I learn by working with a group.Do you learn English by reading aloud?Yes, I do. It helps my pronunciation.How can I read faster?You can read faster by reading word groups.How can I improve my pronunciation?One way is by listening to tapes.But whether or not you can do this well depends on your learning habits.重点、难点（Key points and difficulties）1. 学会运用how来询问做事方式2. 学会运用by + doing的结构表达做事方式。
Unit 1 How can we become good learners课文讲解 课件(58张PPT)
expressions 表情，表示 pronunciation 发音，读音 discover 发现，发觉
secret 秘密，秘密的
looked up 查阅，抬头看 grammar 语法
REVIEW “by”
How do you practice speaking?
practice doing sth 练习做某事
That sounds difficult!
[ˈpeɪʃnt] adj. 有耐心的/n. 病人 be patient with sb 对某人有耐心 be patient of sth Well, 容忍某事 the+比较级， the+比较级 越…越…
be patient. It takes time. You can become better by reading something you enjoy every day. The more you read, the faster you’ll be.
By having conversations with friends.
How do you learn new words?
By making word cards.
How do you improve your writing?
[pæ l] n. 朋友，伙伴 pen pal 笔友
By writing e-mails to my pen pal.
But I don’t understand many of the words. I have to use a dictionary.
[ˈsentəns] n. 句子
Try to guess a word’s meaning by reading the sentence before and after it. You probably understand more than you think.
Unit 1 How can we become good learners？(讲义&答案).
Unit 1 How can we become good learners?Words and Expressionstextbook /'tekstbʊk/ n. 教科书；课本conversation /,kɒnvə'seɪʃn/ n. 交谈；谈话aloud /ə'laʊd/ adv. 大声地；出声地pronunciation /prə,nʌnsi'eɪʃn/ n.发音；读音sentence /'sentəns/ n.句子patient /'peɪʃnt/ adj.有耐心的n.病人expression /ɪk'spreʃn/ n. 表达（方式）；表示discover /dɪ'skʌvə(r)/ v. 发现；发觉secret /'si:krət/ n. 秘密；秘诀adj. 秘密的；保密的look up (在词典、参考书中或通过电脑) 查阅；抬头看grammar /'græmə(r)/ n.语法repeat /rɪ'pi:t/ v.重复；重做note /nəʊt/ n. 笔记；记录v. 注意；指出pal /pæl/ n.朋友；伙伴physics /'fɪzɪks/ n.物理；物理学chemistry /'kemɪstri/ n.化学memorize /'meməraɪz/ v.记忆；记住pattern /'pætn/, /'pætərn/ n.模式；方式pronounce /prə'naʊns/ v.发音increase /ɪn'kri:s/ v.增加；增长speed /spi:d/ n.速度partner /'pɑ:(r)tnə(r)/ n.搭档；同伴born /bɔ:(r)n/ v. 出生adj. 天生的be born with 天生具有ability /ə'bɪləti/ n.能力；才能create /kriˈeɪt/ v.创造；创建brain /breɪn/ n. 大脑active /'æktɪv/ adj.活跃的；积极的attention /ə'tenʃn/ n.注意；关注pay attention to 注意；关注connect /kə'nekt/ v.（使）连接；与……有联系connect…with 把……和……连接或联系起来overnight /,əʊvə(r)'naɪt/ adv.一夜之间；在夜间review /rɪ'vjʊ:/ v. & n.回顾；复习knowledge /'nɒlɪdʒ/ n.知识；学问lifelong /ˈlaɪflɒŋ/ adj. 终身的；毕生的wisely /'waɪzli/ adv.明智地；聪明地Annie /æni/ 安妮（女名）Alexander /,ælɪg'zændər/ Graham /'greɪəm/ Bell /bel/ 亚历山大·格雷厄姆·贝尔Role-play the conversation.Jack: Annie, I’m a little nervous. I have to finish readinga book and give a report next Monday.Annie: That doesn’t sound too bad.Jack: Bu t I’m a very slow reader.Annie: Just read quickly to get the main ideas at first.Don’t read word by word, read word groups.Jack: But I don’t understand many of the words. I have to u se a dictionary.Annie: Try to guess a word’s meaning by reading the sentences before and after it. You probably understand more than you think.Jack: That sounds difficult!Annie: Well, be patient. It takes time. You can become better by reading something you enjoy every day. The more you read, the faster you’ll be.Reading 1Read the passage about Wei Fen and answer the questions.1. Why did Wei Fen find it difficult to learn English?2. What did she do in English class?3. What is the secret to language learning?How I Learned to Learn EnglishLast year, I did not like my English class. Every class was like abad dream. The teacher spoke so quickly that I did not understand hermost of the time. I was afraid to ask questions because of my poorpronunciation. I just hid behind my textbook and never said anything.Then one day I watched an English movie called Toy Story. I fell in love with this exciting and funny movie! So I began to watch other English movies, too. Although I could not understand everything the characters said, their body language and the expressions on their faces helped me to get the meaning. I also realized I could get the meaning by listening for just the key words. My pronunciation improved as well by listening to the conversations in English movies. I discovered that listening to something interesting is the secret to language learning. I also learned useful sentences like “It’s a piece of cake” or “It serves you right.” I did not understand these sentences at first. But because I wanted to understand the story, I looked them up in a dictionary.Now I really enjoy my English class. I want to learn new words and more grammar so that I can have a better understanding of English movies.3b Complete the sentences with what Wei Fen learned from watching movies. Use words and phrases from the passage.1.I can understand the meaning by watching their ____________ and the ___________ ontheir faces.2.I can get the meaning by listening for just the____________.3.My pronunciation improved by listening to the ____________ in English movies.4.I learned _____________ sentences like “It’s a piece of cake” by watching the movies.5.I can find the meaning of the new words by looking them up in a _____________.Grammar FocusHow do you learn English? I learn by studying with a group.Do you learn English by reading alo u d? Yes, I do. It helps my pronunciation.How can I read faster? You can read faster by reading word groups.How can I improve my pronunciation? One way is by listening to tapes.语法小结：一、Look短语look after __________________look at __________________look down upon __________________look forward to __________________look for __________________look like __________________look out of…__________________look out __________________look through __________________look up __________________look up to __________________二、介词by的用法by是介词，后接名词、代词或动名词作宾语，意义较多，归纳如下：(1)by表示方式、方法、手段等，意为“通过/用/靠/乘……(而达到某种预期的目的)”，by +doing sth. 意为“通过做某事”在句中作方式状语。
Unit1_How_can_we_become_good_learners知识点详解
Unit 1 How can we become good learners?一、重点短语：1.work with sb与某人一起学习2.make word cards制作单词卡片3.listen to tapes听录音磁带4.ask sb for help向某人求助5.watch videos看录像6.have conversations with sb同某人谈话7.too...to..太...而不能...8.give a report作报告9.at first起初10.word by word逐词逐句地11.the secret to.... ...的秘诀12.be afraid to do sth害怕做某事13.fall in love with爱上...14.body language肢体语言15.as well也16.a piece of cake小菜一碟；很容易的事17.look up查阅；查找18.so that以便；为了19.repeat out loud大声跟读20.take notes记笔记21.sentence pattens句型22.spoken English英语口语23.make mistakes in在...方面犯错24.the ability to do sth做某事的能力25.depend on视...而定；取决于；依靠26.pay attention to注意；关注27.connect...with...把...和...连接或联系起来28.get bored感到厌烦29.try to do sth尽力做某事30.be stressed out焦虑不安的31.be afraid of害怕...32.each time每当；每次二、功能句型：1.“越...越...”的表达法: The more you read, the faster you’ll be.2.so...that..引导结果状语从句：The teacher spoke so quickly that I did not understand her most of the time.3.so that引导目的状语从句：I want to learn new words and more grammar so that I can have a better understand of English movies.4.谈论做事方式：（1）—How do you learn English? —I learn by studying with a group.（2）—Do you learn English by reading aloud?Yes, I do. It helps my pronunciation.5.whether引导主语从句：But whether or not you can do this well depends on your learning habits.三、语法解读：“by+doing形式”表示方式、方法语法结构by+doing形式，“通过做...的方式”I learn Chinese by listening to tapes。
unit1howcanwebecomegoodlearners知识点整理
Unit 1 How can we become good lear ners语法一. 介词by 的用法意为“通过”，其后常接名词或动词-ing 形式。
用来表示“以、通过、用（某 种方法或手段）”而达到某种预期的目的，常用来回答how 引导的特殊疑问 句。
by doing sth 意为“通过做某事”—How does the boy improve his sp oke n En glish—By talk ing with a foreig ner.（1） — How do you lear n En glish so well— chatt ing with my un cle in America on li ne.A. ByB. WithC. In（2） ___________________________________________ Jacks on studied Chin ese by tap es.A. liste ningB. to liste nC. liste ning toD. to liste ning to+时间，意为“不迟于，在 ... 之前” I have to go to bed by ten o ' clock. +地点，意为“在 ...旁” Jim sat dow n by the win dow.+交通工具，意为“乘 .. ” I go to school by bike.5.由by 构成的固定短语：by the way 顺便说一下 by on eself 独自=al one二. 现在完成时的用法（一）用法：1.表示过去发生的某一动作或状态对现在造成的影响或结果 .常用的标志词有 already （ “已经”，用于肯定句）,yet （ “还，已经”，用于否定句和疑问句）,ever（“曾经”），never （“绝不，从不”）just （“冈j 冈『'），before （“以前”），once （“一次”），twice （“两次”）.I have already eate n the dinner.I have already see n the film.(1) You don ' t need to describe her. IA. meetB. will meetC. have met (2) — Hi, are you heading( 向 ....... 行进)now— all our money,so we have to walk home now.（说明我现在饱了）。
英语九年级Unit 1 How can we become good learners重难点知识
人教版英语九年级Unit 1 How can we become good learners?一、【语法】1.By+doing+with+n做句子状语,以什么方式【课文例句】I study by working with a group.译文：我是通过小组合作的方式来跟其他人一起学习的。
2.宾语从句（that）引导的宾语从句, 有时候可以省略连接词that【课文例句】I could not understand everything the characters said, their body language and the expressions on their faces helped me to get the meaning译文：我无法理解人物所说的一切，他们的肢体语言和他们脸上的表情帮助我明白了其中的意义。
3.目的状语从句so that 引导的目的状语从句【课文例句】I want to learn new words and more grammar so that I can have a better understanding of English movies.译文：我想学习新单词和更多的语法，这样我才能更好地理解英语电影。
4.让步状语从句whether or not【课文例句】Whether or not you can do this well depends on your learning habits.译文：你能否做好这件事取决于你的学习习惯。
定义从句that 引导的定语从句修饰everything【课文例句】Everything that you learn becomes a part of you and changes you.译文：你所学到的一切都成为你的一部分，改变你。
二、【重点句型】1.What/How about going shopping? 去购物怎么样？2.Why don't you go shopping? 你为什么不去购物呢？3.Why not go shopping? 为什么不去购物呢？4.Let's go shopping. 我们去购物吧。
Unit 1 Unit 1 How can we become good learners
Unit 1 How can we become good learners?本单元话题为“学会学习”，与之相关的话题作文主要为谈论英语学习方法，这是各地中考英语真题中最常考的话题作文之一。
写作时可根据具体要求或提示，对相关的学习方法提出建议。
写作此类话题作文的常用表达有：（1）What about listening to…?（2）Try to guess …by…（3）The more…，the more…（4）…is the secret to language learning.（5）I think…should…（6）It’s a good idea to…【典型例题】为了交流学习经验，提高学习效率，某初中英语学习报正在举办以“how to be a good learner”为题的征文比赛，请踊跃投稿。
【优秀范文】How to be a good learnerTo be a good learner, we should have good habits and ways of learning.?We need to get ready for our lessons before class and always listen carefully in class. After class, we must go over the lessons and finish our homework on time. It’s good to study in groups and help each other. We should do more reading in our free time. If we have any problems, we’d better ask others for help.? As a student, working hard is important, but don’t forget to do sports and keep healthy.?I think all above is helpful to us to be a good learner.1。
Unit 1 How can we become good learners(讲义及答案)
Unit 1 How can we become good learners?Words and Expressionstextbook /'tekstbʊk/ n. 教科书；课本conversation /,kɒnvə'seɪʃn/ n. 交谈；谈话aloud /ə'laʊd/ adv. 大声地；出声地pronunciation /prə,nʌnsi'eɪʃn/ n.发音；读音sentence /'sentəns/ n.句子patient /'peɪʃnt/ adj.有耐心的n.病人expression /ɪk'spreʃn/ n. 表达（方式）；表示discover /dɪ'skʌvə(r)/ v. 发现；发觉secret /'si:krət/ n. 秘密；秘诀adj. 秘密的；保密的look up (在词典、参考书中或通过电脑) 查阅；抬头看grammar /'græmə(r)/ n.语法repeat /rɪ'pi:t/ v.重复；重做note /nəʊt/ n. 笔记；记录v. 注意；指出pal /pæl/ n.朋友；伙伴physics /'fɪzɪks/ n.物理；物理学chemistry /'kemɪstri/ n.化学memorize /'meməraɪz/ v.记忆；记住pattern /'pætn/, /'pætərn/ n.模式；方式pronounce /prə'naʊns/ v.发音increase /ɪn'kri:s/ v.增加；增长speed /spi:d/ n.速度partner /'pɑ:(r)tnə(r)/ n.搭档；同伴born /bɔ:(r)n/ v. 出生adj. 天生的be born with 天生具有ability /ə'bɪləti/ n.能力；才能create /kriˈeɪt/ v.创造；创建brain /breɪn/ n. 大脑active /'æktɪv/ adj.活跃的；积极的attention /ə'tenʃn/ n.注意；关注pay attention to 注意；关注connect /kə'nekt/ v.（使）连接；与……有联系connect…with把……和……连接或联系起来overnight /,əʊvə(r)'naɪt/ adv.一夜之间；在夜间review /rɪ'vjʊ:/ v. & n.回顾；复习knowledge /'nɒlɪdʒ/ n.知识；学问lifelong /ˈlaɪflɒŋ/ adj. 终身的；毕生的wisely /'waɪzli/ adv.明智地；聪明地Annie /æni/ 安妮（女名）Alexander /,ælɪg'zændər/ Graham /'greɪəm/ Bell /bel/ 亚历山大·格雷厄姆·贝尔Role-play the conversation.Jack: Annie, I’m a little nervous. I have to finish readinga book and give a report next Monday.Annie: That doesn’t sound too bad.Jack: Bu t I’m a very slow reader.Annie: Just read quickly to get the main ideas at first.Don’t read word by word, read word groups.Jack: But I don’t understand many of the words. I have to use a dictionary. Annie: Try to guess a word’s meaning by reading the sentences before and aft er it.You probably understand more than you think.Jack: That sounds difficult!Annie: Well, be patient. It takes time. You can become better by reading something you enjoy every day. The more you read, the faster you’ll be.Reading 1Read the passage about Wei Fen and answer the questions.1. Why did Wei Fen find it difficult to learn English?2. What did she do in English class?3. What is the secret to language learning?How I Learned to Learn EnglishLast year, I did not like my English class. Every class was like abad dream. The teacher spoke so quickly that I did not understand hermost of the time. I was afraid to ask questions because of my poor pronunciation. I just hid behind my textbook and never said anything.Then one day I watched an English movie called Toy Story. I fell in love with this exciting and funny movie! So I began to watch other English movies, too. Although I could not understand everything the characters said, their body languageand the expressions on their faces helped me to get the meaning. I also realized I could get the meaning by listening for just the key words. My pronunciation improved as well by listening to the conversations in English movies. I discovered that listening to something interesting is the secret to language learning. I also learned useful sentences like “It’s a piece of cake” or “It serves you right.” I did not understand these sentences at first. But because I wanted to understand the story, I looked them up in a dictionary.Now I really enjoy my English class. I want to learn new words and more grammar so that I can have a better understanding of English movies.3b Complete the sentences with what Wei Fen learned from watching movies. Use words and phrases from the passage.1.I can understand the meaning by watching their ____________ and the___________ on their faces.2.I can get the meaning by listening for just the____________.3.My pronunciation improved by listening to the ____________ in Englishmovies.4.I learned _____________ sentences like “It’s a piece of cake” bywatching the movies.5.I can find the meaning of the new words by looking them up in a_____________.Grammar Focus语法小结：一、Look短语look after __________________look at __________________look down upon __________________look forward to __________________look for __________________look like __________________look out of… __________________look out __________________look through __________________look up __________________look up to __________________二、介词by的用法by是介词，后接名词、代词或动名词作宾语，意义较多，归纳如下：(1)by表示方式、方法、手段等，意为“通过/用/靠/乘……(而达到某种预期的目的)”，by +doing sth. 意为“通过做某事”在句中作方式状语。