安徽大学 09语言文学考研真题
大学历年文学院考研试题2
大学历年文学院考研试题试题解读: 09 年文学理论与现当代题型没有什么变化，难度也不是很大主要是考基础。
语言综合出现了填空、选择、判断的新题型，设问较多，题量较大。
还出现了10 分的律诗拗救判断，需要引起大家注意.填空题中出现了对有关辅音的发音部位、发音方法，十个单元音，变调以及调值的考查。
该题考得很细，但是难度不大，关键在于把书看详细、看好了，问题就不是很大了。
翻译题作答时，记得一定要写到答题卡上，时间把握要合理! 总之,09 年的试题难度不大，虽然出现了一些新题型，但是都是基础，至于律诗以及辅音元音那块，是课本的重点也是难点，09 年的再次出现，也是预料之中的，需要引起大家足够重视）古代文学一、名词解释（5*5）1.四家诗2.公安派3.竹林七贤4.程甲本5.一人永占二、简答（10*？）1.崔莺莺和杜丽娘思想、形象等各方面的对比2.柳永对词的贡献三、论述（20）《史记》的艺术特色现当代文学一、名解（5*5）小说界革命、人的文学、孤岛文学、左联、三个崛起二、简答（10*3）1、新文化运动、新文学革命的历史意义2、以矛盾长篇小说为例，结合作品谈谈矛盾对现当代文学的贡献3、？三、论述（20分）举出三个九十年代的小说流派，并以其中一个为例，谈谈该流派形成原因、特点、以及艺术缺失。
文学理论一、名解（5*5）艾布拉姆斯二、简答（10*3）1、马克思对文学理解的基本观点2、文学活动的基本构成3、文学作品的文本层次意境审美意识形态期待视野三、论述（20分）结合具体作品分析审美意象的基本特征。
古代汉语一、名解（5分）并提读曰笺全清二、填空（5分）《助字辩略》的作者《广韵》作者以及全称段玉裁《说文解字注》《经籍纂诂》的作者《春秋左传》的注释者（孔颖达）及年代（唐）正义（不记得了）三、六书(判断结构，若是形声字说明其声旁形旁)（10分）亦行朱盥哉贼男夹眉（还有1个）四、诗律拗救判断（10分）五、指出下列字的活用现象（10分）六、翻译标点（35分）郑伯使许大夫百里奉许叔以居许东偏，曰：「天祸许国，鬼神实不逞于许君，而假手于我寡人，寡人唯是一二父兄不能共亿，其敢以许自为功乎？寡人有弟，不能和协，而使糊其口於四方，其况能久有许乎？吾子其奉许叔以抚柔此民也，吾将使获也佐吾子。
09年语文试题
2009年×××招生统一考试语2009年×××招生统一考试语文注意事项第一部分选择题（共20分）一、单项选择题（本大题共10小题，每小题2分，共20分）在每小题列出的四个备选项中只有一个是符合题目要求的，请选出正确答案并将“答题卡”的相应代码涂黑。
错涂、多涂或未涂均无分。
1. 下列各组词中，加点字的注音完全正确的一组是Ａ．俏丽峭壁讥诮帩头Ｂ．纶巾沦陷囫囵伦理Ｃ．蕴藉愠色酝酿翁媪Ｄ．捭阖婢女裨益稗草2. 下列各组词语中，没有错别字的一组是A．瞠目结舌一愁莫展带罪立功掉以轻心B．连篇累牍穷兵黩武食不裹腹和盘托出C. 恪守不渝再接再力披肝沥胆轻歌曼舞D 绵薄之力顶礼膜拜摩拳擦掌矫揉造作3. 下列各句中，标点符号使用正确的一项是A．鲁迅写的“横眉冷对千夫指，俯首甘为孺子牛。
”应作为我们的座右铭。
B．我不知道这样做对不对，希望大家帮助我。
C．从家到学校有二、三十里，他每天天不亮就得出门。
D．小镇上的商品丰富多彩，吃的、喝的、穿的、用的等……一应俱全。
4．依次填入下列各句横线处的词语，最恰当的一组是①袁隆平把毕生的精力都在杂交水稻的研究上，被国际同行誉为“杂交水稻之父”。
②勘探队来到了这里，使这偏僻的大山沟增添了生气。
③丰富多彩的课外活动，不仅了校园生活，还增进了学生的相互了解。
④在新的一年里，我自己取得更大的进步。
A. 贯注荒芜活泼期望B.灌注荒凉活泼期望C . 贯注荒凉活跃希望 D.灌注荒芜活跃希望5. 下列各句没有语病的一项是A. 为了报效祖国，我们20多个军队干部的子女今年都报考了军校。
B. 由于实行了改革开放，龙庆峡的农民们在县旅游局的领导下，旅游事业得到了很大发展。
C.《北风那个吹》是一部受欢迎的电视剧，虽然表现了下乡知青当中的一些小事，却耐人寻味。
D. 一个人能否有作为，取决于他所受的良好教育和理想抱负，也还要看机遇与环境怎样。
6. 下列各句中，加点的成语使用正确的一项是A. 杨团长一声令下，战士们如下山的猛虎，分道扬镳，南北夹击，把敌人困在了山谷中。
2009年专升本(大学语文)真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)
2009年专升本（大学语文）真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. 选择题 5. 古文阅读6. 现代文阅读7. 作文选择题在每小题给出的4个选项中，只有一项是符合要求的。
1．茅盾《香市》一文采用的主要写作手法是A．夹叙夹议B．情景交融C．寓情于景D．今昔对比正确答案：D解析：茅盾《香市》一文共分两部分，分别写“香市”的昔盛今衰的场面和气氛。
昔日的“香市”是农民为祈神赐福、借佛游春而自发组织的，农民和儿童是这狂欢节的主角。
昔日民间的“香市”到处洋溢着欢快的节日气氛。
而“革命”后，重兴“香市”是由小商人发起的，呈现出萧条、冷清的景象。
这是本文总体上的对比，是《香市》一文主要的写作手法。
文章通过“香市”昔盛今衰的现象，反映了20世纪30年代中国江南农村、市镇面貌的变化，揭示了大革命以后帝国主义经济侵略、军阀反动势力深入农村和小商人转嫁危机所造成的中国农村自然经济日益凋敝的现实，展示了旧中国由封建自然经济向半封建半殖民地经济的转变，并没有给农村经济带来发展，反而加剧了农民的贫困和破产这一悲剧。
因此正确选项为D项。
除了今昔对比之外，文章中还有场面对比、气氛对比、节日内容的对比等各方面的层层对比，建议考生在复习时全面掌握。
[错误防范] 文章在写作上还将“理”与“情”、“议论”与“具象”互相融合，使作品形式精巧简练，立意深刻、蕴藉丰富。
因此前三项选项也比较切合《香市》的写作手法，但是注意，这些都是次要的写作手法，并不是主要写作手法。
因此此题的关键在于熟悉文章，总览全文，宏观把握，避免误选其他选项。
2．契诃夫《苦恼》中老车夫姚纳的苦恼是A．风雪交加中拉不到乘客B．小马没有食物C．儿子突然病故D．无处诉说丧子之痛正确答案：D解析：《苦恼》是一篇反映劳动人民内心痛苦的抒情心理小说。
小说描写了一个鳏居多年，又刚刚失去爱子的马车夫姚纳，想找人诉说一下丧子的悲痛，但却屡次遭到周围人的冷眼、蔑视和辱骂，后因找不到倾诉的对象，只得向自己的老马诉说内心的哀痛与苦恼，揭示了社会底层“小人物”的贫穷和得不到关心又无处诉说的悲惨处境。
安大语言学试卷
第一部分选择题I. Directions: Read each of the following statements carefully. Decide which one of the four choices best completes the statement and put the letter A, B, C or D in the brackets. (2%X10=20%)’s distinction and Chomsky’s are very similar, but they differ in that ____________.A. Saussure took a sociological view of language while Chomsky took a psychological point of viewB. Saussure took a psychological view of language while Chomsky took a sociological point of viewC. Saussure took a pragmatic view of language while Chomsky took a semantic point of viewD. Saussure took a structural view of language while Chomsky took a pragmatic point of view2. Language is a system of ____________ vocal symbols used for human communication.A. unnaturalB. artificialC. superficialD. arbitrary3. We are born with the ability to acquire language, _______________.A. and the details of any language system are genetically transmitteB. therefore, we needn’t learn the details of our mother tongueC. but the details of language have to be learnt.D. and the details are acquired by instinct4. A(n)________ is a phonological unit of distinctive value. It is a collection of distinctive phonetic features.A. phoneB. allophoneC.phoneme D. sound5. The morpheme –ed in the word “worked” is a(n) __________ morpheme.A. derivationalB. inflectionalC.free D. word-forming6. WH-movement is __________ in English which changes a sentence from affirmative to interrogative.A. obligatoryB. optionalC.selectional D. arbitrary7. Naming theory, one of the oldest notions concerning meaning, was proposed by _____________.A. GriceB. PlatoC. SaussureD. Ogden and Richards8. “John married a blond heiress.”__________ “John married a blond.”A. is synonymous withB. is inconsistent withC. entailsD. presupposes9. In semantic analysis of a sentence, the basic unit is called ____________, which is the abstraction of the meaning of a sentence.A. utteranceB. referenceC. predicationD. morpheme10. In Austin’s speech act theory, ___________ is the act of expressing the speaker’s intention; it is the act performed in saying something.A. a perlocutionary actB. a locutionaryact C. a constative act D. an illocutionary act第二部分非选择题II. Directions: Fill in the blank in each of the following statements with one word, the first letter of which is already given as a clue. Note that you are to fill in One word only, and you are not allowed to change the letter given. (1%X10=10%)11. P___________ relates the study of language to psychology. It aims to answer such questions as how the human mind works when people use language.12. A d_________ study of language is a historical study; it studies the historical development of language over a period of time.13. Language is a system, which consists of two sets of structures, or two levels. At the lower level, there is a structure of meaningless sounds, which can be combined into a large number of meaningful units at the higher level. This design feature is called d___________.14. The articulatory apparatus of a human being is contained in three important areas: the pharyngeal cavity, the o_________ cavity and the nasal cavity.15. The localization of cognitive and perceptual functions in a particular hemisphere of the brain is called l_____________.16. S_____________ features such as stress, tone and intonation can influence the interpretation of meaning.17. Phrase structure rules can generate an infinite number of sentences, and sentences with infinite length, due to their r_________ properties.18. H__________ refers to the phenomenon that words having different meanings are identical in sound or spelling, or in both.19. Some important missions of historical linguists are to identify and classify families of related languages in a genealogical family tree, and to reconstruct the p____________, the original form of a language family that has ceased to exist.20. In Sociolinguistics, speakers are treated as members of social groups. The social group isolated for any given study is called the speechc___________.III. Directions: Judge whether each of the following statements is true or false. Put a T for true or F for false in the brackets in front of each statement. (2%X10=20%)( ) 21. Linguists believe that whatever occurs in the language people use should be described and analyzed in their investigation.( ) 22. Language is arbitrary in the sense that there is no intrinsic connection between words and what these words actually refer to.( ) 23. The conclusions we reach about the phonology of one language can be generalized into the study of another language.( ) 24. The meaning-distinctive function of the tone is especially important in English because English, unlike Chinese, is a typical tone language.( ) 25. The syntactic rules of any language are finite in number, and yet there is no limit to the number of sentences native speakers of that language are able to produce and comprehend.( ) 26. When we think of a concept, we actually try to see the image of something in our mind’s eye every time we come across a linguistic symbol.( ) 27. All utterances can be restored to complete sentences. For example, “Good morning!” can be restored to “I wish you a good morning.”( ) 28. Two people who are born and brought up in the same town and speak the same regional dialect may speak differently because of a number of social factors.( ) 29. Black English is linguistically inferior to standard English because Black English is not as systematic as standard English.( ) 30. Any child who is capable of acquiring some particular human language is capable of acquiring any human language spontaneously and effortlessly.IV. Directions: Explain the following terms. (3%X10=30%)31. parole:32. broad transcription:33. allophones:34. phrase structure rules:35. context36. Historical Linguistics:37. standard language:38. linguistic taboo:39. acculturation:40. care-taker speech:V. Answer the following questions. (10%X2=20%)41. Enumerate three causes that lead to the systematic occurrence of errors in second language acquisition and give your examples.42. English has undergone tremendous changes since its Anglo-Saxon days. Identify the major periods in its historical development and name major historical events that led to the transition from one period to the next.安徽大学外语学院2009—2010学年第 1 学期《英语语言学》考试试卷A卷答案第一部分选择题I. Directions: Read each of the following statements carefully. Decide which one of the four choices best completes the statement and put the letter A, B, C or D in the brackets. (2%X10=20%)1. A2. D3. C4. C 6.A 7.B 8.C 9. C 10. D第二部分非选择题II. Directions: Fill in the blank in each of the following statements with one word, the first letter of which is already given as a clue. Note that you are to fill in One word only, and you are not allowed to change the letter given. (1%X10=10%)11. Psycholinguistics12. diachronic13. duality14. oral15. lateralization16. Suprasegmental17. recursive18. Homonymy19. protolanguage20. communityIII. Directions: Judge whether each of the following statements is true or false. Put a T for true or F for false in the brackets in front of each statement. (2%X10=20%)( T ) 21. Linguists believe that whatever occurs in the language people use should be described and analyzed in their investigation.( T ) 22. Language is arbitrary in the sense that there is no intrinsic connection between words and what these words actually refer to.( F ) 23. The conclusions we reach about the phonology of one language can be generalized into the study of another language.( F ) 24. The meaning-distinctive function of the tone is especially important in English because English, unlike Chinese, is a typical tone language.( T ) 25. The syntactic rules of any language are finite in number, and yet there is no limit to the number of sentences native speakers of that language are able to produce and comprehend.( F ) 26. When we think of a concept, we actually try to see the image of something in our mind’s eye every time we come across a linguistic symbol.( F ) 27. All utterances can be restored to complete sentences. For example, “Good morning!” can be restored to “I wish you a good morning.”( T ) 28. Two people who are born and brought up in the same town and speak the same regional dialect may speak differently because of a number of social factors.( F ) 29. Black English is linguistically inferior to standard English because Black English is not as systematic as standard English.( T ) 30. Any child who is capable of acquiring some particular human language is capable of acquiring any human language spontaneously and effortlessly.IV. Directions: Explain the following terms. (3%X10=30%)31. parole: It refers to the realization of langue in actual use. It is concrete and varies with context.32. Broad transcription is the transcription with letter symbols only. It is the transcription normally used in dictionaries and teaching textbooks.33. Allophones are the different phones that represent a phoneme in different phonetic environments.34. Phrase structure rules are the rewrite rules which allow for the possible combination of words to form phrases and sentences.35. Context is generally considered as constituted by the knowledge shared by the speaker and the hearer.36. Historical linguistics studies language change ( or historical development of language).37. Standard language is a superposed, socially prestigious dialect of language. It is the language employed by the government and the judiciary system, used by the mass media and taught in educational institutions.38. Linguistic taboo refers to a word or expression that is prohibited by the “polite” society from general use.39. Acculturation is a process of adapting to the culture and value system of the second language community.40. It is simple and modified speech used by parents, baby-sitter, etc. when they talk to young children who are acquiring their native language.V. Answer the following questions. (10%X2=20%)41. Enumerate three causes that lead to the systematic occurrence of errors in second language acquisition and give your examples.1) Mother tongue interference2) interlingual interference3) Overgeneralization42. English has undergone tremendous changes since its Anglo-Saxon days. Identify the major periods in its historical development and name major historical events that led to the transition from one period to the next.Major periods: Old English (449-1100); Middle Eng Middle English (1100-1500); Modern English (1500-present)Historical events: The old English period began with the invasion of the British Isles by English-speaking Anglo-Saxons from Europe, and ended with the arrival of Norman French invaders historically known as the Norman Conquest. The Middle English period is distinguished from the Old English period by the Norman Conquest. The European renaissance movement marked the beginning of the Modern English period.。
2009考研试题答案及解析
2009年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题答案与解析Section I Use of English一、文章结构本文是一篇有关动物智力话题的文章。
文章源自2008年5月的The New York Times （《纽约时报》），作者是Verlyn Klingkenberg ，原文标题为“The Cost of Smarts ” （《聪明的代价》）。
全文结构思路如下所示：二、试题解析Ⅰ○1Research on animal intelligence always makes us wonder just how smart humans are. ○2 1 the fruit-fly experiments described by Carl Zimmer in the Science Times. ○3Fruit flies who were taught to be smarter than the average fruit fly 2 to live shorter lives. ○4This suggests that 3 bulbs burn longer, that there is a(n) 4 in not being too bright. 对动物的智力研究总使我们想知道人类是如何得聪明。
就以《科学时代》里Carl Zimmer 的论文所描述的果蝇实验为例吧。
经过训练比一般果蝇更聪明的那些果蝇趋向于有更短的寿命。
这表明光线暗淡的灯泡使用时间更长一些，暗淡也是一种优势。
1. [A] Suppose 假设、猜想 [B] Consider 考虑 [C] Observe 观察 [D] Imagine 设想【正确答案】[B] 【试题考点】语义衔接/词汇辨析【解题思路】文章开篇指出：Research on animal intelligence always makes us wonder just how smart humans are （对动物智力的研究总是让我们对人类到底有多聪明感到好奇”，接着举了果蝇的例子。
2021安徽大学外国语言学及应用语言学考研真题经验参考书
考研的路上要有必胜的信念，不去想如果失败了该怎么办，不给自己留退路，做到心无旁骛。
在刚开始准备考研的时候，我也觉得考研真的很难，因为已经很久没有那么大强度的学习了，非常不适应，会特别羡慕已经考上的学长学姐，觉得他们好强大，不知道他们是怎么过的这一关。
但一路走过来发现，其实你只要切实做了，一旦迈出了第一步，一切就自会迎刃而解的。
我想选一个相对较稳妥的学校，所以选择了安徽大学，安徽大学的外国语言学及应用语言一共有两个方向，一个方向9个人，学校是211，专业排名在七十几名左右，专业评估是C+，这个专业一般的学校招收的人数都不多，这个学校不算少了。
考研和高考不一样，高考是拿着自己的分数评估学校，考研是既要评估自己又要评估学校，看看自己的能力和毅力是否能和这个学校的分数对等，还要合理分析考情，考虑大年小年的情况。
我当时报名的时候是报的第二个方向翻译理论与实践，因为感觉能更好找工作一点，但需要注意的是，可能大家都这么想，然后这个方向很满，如果这个学校可以不同方向调剂还好，如果不行，可能就会被挤下来，所以如果没有十足的信心，可以选择看着不太热门的方向，考上的几率更大一些。
二外我选的是日语，我比较喜欢日语，平时看的剧和动漫也多，学起来觉得没有那么烦躁。
单词更重要，单词是很难背，但你要知道大家都这样，熬过去就好了。
其实身为中国人学日语是有优势的——因为日语里汉字多啊！担心50音图记不住的同学可以使用形象记忆法！比如ォ（o），长得很像中文的“才”，所以可以记这样一句话：你好有才哦（ォ），相信我们作为大学生肯定有这样的学习能力。
一开始是总结了N2常见汉字的不同读音，后面词的分类也很细致，比如名词和形容词还分成了音读和训读，背起来很方便。
我个人感觉还不错。
然后说基础英语，这些科目都没有参考书目，单词书我用的是<<一本单词>>，都是自己看哪一本用的多就拿来用。
翻译和阅读需要多积累单词，我会经常读一些蛋核英语推荐的报刊，另外就是根据专八的题来复习，做它的阅读，把阅读一句一句翻译出来，把单词都背下来，感觉还不错；作文我觉得背成篇的文章用处不大，不如只简单背一些开头结尾和特殊的迁移性强的句子，剩下就是积累特殊句式，在平时练习的时候多多套用，争取在考场上能用的得心应手。
09年07月大学语文自学考试真题试卷含参考答案
全国2009年7月自考大学语文试卷课程代码：04729一、单项选择题(本大题共20小题，每小题1分，共20分)1.《五代史伶官传序》的中心论点是( A ) 3-11A.“盛衰之理，虽曰天命，岂非人事哉”B.“祸患常积于忽微，而智勇多困于所溺”C.“忧劳可以兴国，逸豫可以亡身”D.“满招损，谦得益”2.《就任北京大学校长之演说》：“吾人对于当轴多不满意”。
这里的“当轴”所用的修辞手法是( A ) 5-17A.比喻B.借代C.比拟D.夸张3.《咬文嚼字》中，用心理学的“套板反应”原理所论证的道理是( C ) 7-30A.文字的运用决不可粗枝大叶B.文学的文字更注重联想意义C.文字的运用一定要有创造精神D.斟酌文字实际是调整思想感情4.《如何避免愚蠢的见识》中，罗素认为：“处理这个普遍存在的人类自高自大问题的唯一方法”是( D ) 10-48A.坚持亲自验证和注重证据的认知方法B.善于听取各种不同的乃至相反的意见C.克服种种自我的或者群体的中心主义D.树立宇宙无限而人的认识有限的观念5.下列作者中，名列“唐宋八大家”的是( B ) 15-77A.白居易B.柳宗元C.司马光D.辛弃疾6.《前赤壁赋》用来写景、抒情、说理的主要自然景物是( C ) 17-88A.江水、明月、乌鹊B.江水、清风、白露C.江水、明月、清风D.清风、明月、麋鹿7.《马伶传》中写马伶在第一次技艺较量失败后“易衣遁矣”，这种人物描写方法属于( A ) 19-94A.行为描写B.肖像描写C.言语描写D.心理描写8.《西湖七月半》中作者所写真正赏月的“吾辈”指的是( C ) 20-100A.达官显贵B.市井百姓C.文人雅士D.美女闺秀9.鲁迅《秋夜》中象征着追求光明而不惜献出生命的意象是( D ) 21-105A.天空B.枣树C.小粉红花D.小青虫10.《纪念傅雷》一文所歌颂的傅雷的精神品格是( C ) 24-119A.嫉恶如仇，忠贞刚烈B.忘我工作，无私奉献C.坚持真理，刚直不屈D.报效知己，深谋远虑11.下列《蚂蚁大战》中的语句，采用拟人手法的是( B ) 28-145A.发现红蚂蚁的躯体好些已被咬掉，它们比斗犬厮杀更惨烈B.威武雄壮地高奏国歌，以振奋前仆后继的前线战士C.那精瘦的红色斗士像老虎钳一样紧紧咬住死敌的额头不放D.你越深究下去，越觉得它们与人类并无两样12.《我与地坛》：“春天应该是小号，夏天是定音鼓”。
语言学考研真题大全(共13套)
中文系语言学概论2002年2002年科目429 语言学概论专业：语言学及应用语言学、汉语言文字学研究方向：以上专业所有方向一、简答题（每小题2分，共20分）1、简述现代汉语书面语和口头语的源头2、闽方言包括哪几个次方言？各以哪个地方的语音为代表？3、说明汉语音节的结构地点4、汉语拼音方案有哪些优点？5、简要说明调值和调类的关系6、-i[前]、-i[后]、ong、iong等韵母分别属于四呼中的哪一呼？7、词汇学中的义位和传统所说的义项有什么不同？8、说明谚语被认为是词汇的一部分的原因9、什么是独立语？简要说明独立语的类型10、举例说明主谓句的主要句型二、应用题（共56分）1、为下列词语注上汉语拼音（6分）创伤粗犷呆板解剖皈依桎梏2、下列成语中的汉字有正确的有错误的，把错误的改为正确（6分）负隅顽抗陈词烂调班门弄斧既往不究刚愎自用不孝子孙病入膏肓风声鹤唳一愁莫展各行其事悬梁刺骨趋之若鹜3、解释下列成语中划线的语素的意义（4分）汗流浃背开门揖盗如火如荼高屋建瓴4、分析下列合成词的结构（6分）容貌弃儿宪法梦想灰心霜降融化船只铅印瀑布响应权衡5、改正下列句中的错误（2分）江西名城南昌，毗邻巍峨的江西省人民政府办公大厦，有一座很不显眼的三层小楼，这就是江西省高级人民法院。
6、用直接成分分析法（框式图解）分析下列复杂词组（每小组3分，共六分）（1）这后一句话给祥林嫂很大的鼓励（2）屋里有人轻轻地哼着小调7、用六大成分分析法（加线法）分析下列单句（每小题3分，共6分）（1）我们往往容易把赢得荣誉的人的衣服的每一个皱折，都描绘得光彩夺目。
（2）把博物馆比作智慧的女神、博学的君子，我看很恰当。
8、用符号法分析下列复句（4分）如果你是一个真正的艺术家，那么无论是站在演出的舞台上，还是站在生活的大舞台上，你都会真正赢得人民的掌声。
9、指出下列句中用得好的词语并分析其修辞效果（每小题4分，共八分）（1）七斤嫂眼睛好，早望见今天的赵七爷已经不是道士，却变成光滑头皮，乌黑发顶；伊便知道这一定是皇帝坐了龙庭，而且一定需有辫子，而且七斤一定是非常危险。
2009年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试语文(安徽卷,解析版)
2009年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试语文（安徽卷，解析版）本试卷分第Ⅰ卷（阅读题）和第Ⅱ卷（表达题）两部分，第Ⅰ卷第1页至第5页，第Ⅱ卷第6页至第8页。
全卷满分150分，考试时间150分钟。
考生注意事项：1．答题前，务必在试题卷、答题卡规定的地方填写自己的姓名、座位号，并认真核对答题卡上所粘贴的条形码中姓名、座位号与本人姓名、座位号是否一致。
务必在答题卡背面规定的地方填写姓名和座位号后两位。
2．答选择题（第Ⅰ卷1～6题，第Ⅱ卷15～17题）时，每小题选出答案后，用2B 铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。
如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。
3．答非选择题（第Ⅰ卷7-14题，第Ⅱ卷18～21题）时，必须使用0.5毫米的黑色墨水签字笔在答题卡上书写，要求字体工整、笔迹清晰。
作图题可先用铅笔在答题卡规定的位置绘出，确认后再用0.5毫米的黑色墨水签字笔描清楚。
必须在题号所指示的答题区域作答，超出答题区域书写的答案无效，在试题卷、草稿纸上答题无效。
4．考试结束，务必将试题卷和答题卡一并上交。
第Ⅰ卷（阅读题共66分）一、（9分）本题为论述类文章阅读，所选的是很热门的一个话题——“通俗历史热”。
近几年来，通过媒体，尤其是电视，来推进史学的普及确实是很热门，中央台的“百家讲坛”就是典型。
所以，考生对此话题并不陌生。
所选部分层次分明，阅读的难度不大。
题目主要是从文章内容的理解和对作者观点态度的把握的角度设置，考生对此方式熟悉，操作起来也不是很困难。
阅读下面的文字，完成1～3题。
近年来，“通俗历史热”不断出现于媒体的报道之中。
作为一种关涉史学的文化现象，我们有必要从历史学的角度对其进行考察。
“通俗历史热”是商品经济和文化教育发展到一定程度后定会出现的一种现象。
实际上通俗历史并非“新生事物”，它以讲说形式流传的历史已经相当久远了。
它广泛流行于民间，是民众了解过去、熟悉历史、满足自身历史求知欲的主要途径。
09级英语语言学期考试卷A卷
2011—2012学年第1学期考试试题（A卷）课程名称英语语言学概论_ 任课教师签名陈明芳程建山出题教师签名陈明芳程建山审题教师签名王婉华考试方式（闭）卷适用专业 09级英语1-7班考试时间（ 120 ）分钟I. Decide whether each of the followingst atements is True or False. (1’*20=20’)1（）In everyday communication, speech plays a greater role than writing in terms of the amount of information conveyed.2（）English consonants can be classified in terms of place of articulation and the part of the tongue that is raised the highest.3（）Phonology is concerned with how the sounds can be classified into different categories.4（）Distinctive features of sound segments can be found running over a sequence of two or more phonemic segments.5（）General linguistics is generally the study of language as a whole.6（）General linguistics, which relates itself to the research of other areas, studies the basic concepts, theories, descriptions, models and methods applicable in any linguistic study.7（）Phonetics is different from phonology in that the latter studiesthe combinations of the sounds to convey meaning in communication.8（）Morphology studies how words can be formed to produce meaningful sentences.9（）Inflectional morphemes manifest various grammatical relationsor grammatical categories such as number, tense, degree, and case.10( ) The existing form to which a derivational affix can be added is called a stem, which can be a bound root, a free morpheme, or a derived form itself.11 ( ) Prefixes usually modify the part of speech of the original word, not the meaning of it.12 ( ) There are rules that govern which affix can be added to what type of stem to form a new word. Therefore, words formed according tothe morphological rules are acceptable words.13 ( ) Phonetically, the stress of a compound always falls on the first element, while the second element receives secondary stress.14 ( ) Syntax is a subfield of linguistics that studies the sentence structure of language, including the combination of morphemes into words.15 ( ) Dialectal synonyms can often be found in different regional dialects such as British English and American English but cannot befound within the variety itself, for example, within British English orAmerican English.16 ( ) Language use varies from one speech community to another, fromone regional group to another, from one social group to another, andeven from one individual to another.17 ( ) Every speaker of a language is, in a stricter sense, aspeaker of a distinct idiolect.18 ( ) The major difference between a pidgin and a creole is thatthe former usually has its native speakers while the latter doesn’t.19 ( ) Some languages are inferior, or superior, to other languages.20 ( ) Language acquisition is primarily the acquisition of thevocabulary and the meaning of language.II. Fill in each of the following blanks with one word which begins with the letter given. (1’*20=20’)1. English consonants can be classified in terms of manner of articulation or interms of p_______ of articulation.2. When the obstruction created by the speech organs is total or complete, thespeech sound produced with the obstruction audibly released and the air passingout again is called a s________.3. S_________ features are the phonemic features that occur above thelevel of the segments. They include stress, tone, intonation, etc.4. The rules that govern the combination of sounds in a particular language arecalled s____ rules.5. P____ refers to the realization of langue in actual use.6. Findings in linguistic studies can often be applied to the settlement of somepractical problems. The study of such applications is generally known asa________ linguistics.7. Language is p___________ in that it makes possible the construction and inter-pretation of new signals by its users. In other words, they can produce andunderstand an infinitely large number of sentences which they have never heardbefore.8. Linguistics is generally defined as the s____ study of language.9. A s______ is added to the end of stems to modify the meaning of the original word and it may change its part of speech.10. C__________ is the combination of two or sometimes more than two words to create new words.11. Morphemes which can be used all by themselves are known asf__________ morphemes.12. In terms of morphemic analysis, d_______________ can be viewed asthe addition of affixes to stems to form new words.13. A s______ can be a bound root, a free morpheme, or a derived form itself to which a derivational affix can be added.14. A c_________ sentence contains two, or more, clauses, one of whichis incorporated into the other.15. In the complex sentence, the incorporated or subordinate clause is normally called an e_______ clause.16. Major lexical categories are o___ categories in the sense that new words are constantly added.17. Minor lexical categories are c___ categories in the sense that no new words can be added.18. Whether a sentence is semantically meaningful is governed by rules called s________ restrictions, which are constraints on what lexical items can go with what others.19. An a________ is a logical participant in a predication, largely identical with the nominal element(s) in a sentence.20. According to the n____ theory of meaning, the words in a languageare taken to be labels of the objects they stand for.III. There are four choices following each of the statements below. Mark the choice that can best complete the statement. (1’*20=20’)1．Since /p/ and /b/ are phonetically similar, occur in the same environments andthey can distinguish meaning, they are said to be ___________.A. in phonemic contrastB. in complementarydistribution C. the allophones D.minimal pair2．The sound /f/ is _________________.A. voiced palatal affricateB. voiced alveolar stopC. voiceless velar fricativeD. voiceless labiodental fricative3 A ____ vowel is one that is produced with the front part of the tonguemaintaining the highest position.A. backB. centralC. frontD. middle4. Distinctive features can be found running over a sequence of two or morephonemic segments. The phonemic features that occur above the level of thesegments are called ____________.A. phonetic componentsB. immediate constituentsC. suprasegmental featuresD. semantic features5. If a linguistic study describes and analyzes the language people actually use, it is said to be ______________.A. prescriptiveB. analyticC. descriptiveD. linguistic6.Which of the following is not a design feature of human language?A. ArbitrarinessB. DisplacementC. DualityD. Meaningfulness7. Modern linguistics regards the written language as ____________.A. primaryB. correctC. secondaryD. stable8. In modern linguistics, speech is regarded as more basic than writing, because ___________.A. in linguistic evolution, speech is prior to writingB. speech plays a greater role than writing in terms of the amount ofinformation conveyed.C. speech is always the way in which every native speaker acquires his mothertongueD. All of the above9. The morpheme “vision” in the common word “television” is a(n) ______.A. bound morphemeB. bound formC. inflectional morphemeD. free morpheme10. The compound word “bookstore” is the place where books are sold. Thisindicates that the meaning of a compound __________.A. is the sum total of the meaning of its componentsB. can always be worked out by looking at the meanings of morphemesC. is the same as the meaning of a free phrase.D. None of the above.11. The part of speech of the compounds is generally determined by the part ofspeech of __________.A. the first elementB. the second elementC. either the first or the second elementD. both the first and the second elements.12. _______ are those that cannot be used independently but have to be combined with other morphemes, either free or bound, to form a word.A. Free morphemesB. Bound morphemesC. Bound wordsD. Words13. _________ is a branch of grammar which studies the internalstructure ofwords and the rules by which words are formed.A. SyntaxB.GrammarC. MorphologyD. Morpheme14. Syntactic movement is dictated by rules traditionally called________.A. transformational rulesB. generative rulesC. phrase structure rulesD. x-bar theory15. The theory of case condition accounts for the fact that __________.A. noun phrases appear only in subject and object positions.B. noun phrases can be used to modify another noun phraseC. noun phrase can be used in adverbial positionsD. noun phrase can be moved to any place if necessary.16. The sentence structure is ________.A. only linearB. Only hierarchicalC. complexD. both linear and hierarchical17. The syntactic rules of any language are ____ in number.A. largeB. smallC. finiteD. infinite18. ___________ refers to the phenomenon that words havingdifferent meaningshave the same form.A. PolysemyB. SynonymyC. HomonymyD. Hyponymy19. Words that are close in meaning are called ______________.A. homonymsB. polysemyC. hyponymsD. synonyms20. The grammaticality of a sentence is governed by _______.A. grammatical rulesB. selectional restrictionsC. semantic rulesD. semantic featuresIV. Define the terms below. (4’ *4=16’)1. minimal pair2. pragmatics3. synonymy4. second language acquisitionV. Comment on the following topics as comprehensively as possible.(8’*3=24’)1.( 8’) The major differences betwe en grammatical analysis andpragmatics.2. Explain violation of the maxims in the following and the implicature1)( 4’) (If one chooses B instead of A, what does he imply?)A: Miss X sang “Home sweet home”.B: Miss X produced a series of sounds that corresponded closelywith the score of “Home sweet home”.2)( 4’) War is war.3. (8’) How do the learner factors potentially influence the wayin which asecond language is acquired?2011—2012学年第1学期考试答卷（A卷）课程名称_ 英语语言学概论_ 出题教师签名：陈明芳程建山Name_____________ Class_____________ Number___________ __ Score_____________I. Decide whether each of the following statements is True or False. (1*20=20’)1-5 _____________ 6-10 _____________11-15____________ 16-20_____________II. Fill in each of the following blanks with one word which begins with the letter given. (1’*10=20’)1.___________2.___________3.___________4._____________5.______________6.___________7.___________8.___________9._____________10._____________11.__________ 12.__________13.__________14.____________15._____________16.__________17.__________18.__________19._____________20._________ ____III. There are four choices following each of the statements below. Mark the choice t hat can best complete the statement. (2’*10=20’)1-5________________ 6-10 _____________11-15 _____________ 16-20_____________IV. Define the terms below. (4’*4=16’)1.2.3.4.V. Comment on the following topics as comprehensively as possible. (8’*3=24’)1.2.1)2)3.2011—2012学年第1学期考试参考答案（A卷）课程名称英语语言学概论__ 出题教师签名：陈明芳程建山I. Decide whether each of the following statements is True or False. (1*20=20’)1-5 TFFTT 6-10 FTFTT 11-15 FFTFF 16-20TTFFFII. Fill in each of the following blanks with one word which begins with the letter given. (1’*10=20’)1-5place, stop, Suprasegmental, sequential, Parole 6-10 applied, productive, scientific/systemic, suffix, compounding 11-15 free, derivation, stem, complex, embedded 16-20 open, close, selectional, argument, namingIII. There are four choices following each of the statements below. Mark the choice that can best complete the statement. (1’*20=20’)1-5 ADCCC 6-10 DCDDD 11-15BBCAA 16-20DCCDAIV. Defi ne the terms below. (4’*4=16’)1. minimal pair: When two different forms are identical in every way except for one sound segment which occurs in the same place in the strings, the two words are said to form a minimal pair.2. pragmatics: the study of meaning in use in different context.3. synonymy. By synonymy we mean the sameness or similarity in meaning.4. second language acquisition: Second language acquisition (SLA)is a general term which refers to the acquisition of a second language (L2) , in contrast with first language acquisition (FLA). SLA is also used as a general term to refer to the acquisition of a foreign or subsequent language (such as a third or fourth language). Thus, SLA is primarily the study of how learners acquire or learn an additional language after they have acquired their first language (LI).V. Comment on the following topics as comprehensively as possible.(8’*3=24’)1. (8’)The major differences between grammatical analysis and pragmatics lie infour respects: The former studies sentences as units of the abstract linguistic system while the latter studies utterances as instances of the system. The former stops at the sentence level; the latter looks at bigger chunks of conversation.The former regards sentences as stable products; the latter treats utterances as dynamicprocess-es. The former analyses sentences in isolation; the latter analyses utterances inclose connection with their contexts of situation.2. (1) (4’) (If one chooses B instead of A, what does he imply?)A: Miss X sang “Home sweet home”.B: Miss X produced a series of sounds that corresponded closely with the score of “Home sweet home”.The speaker violates the maxim of manner by using such a long sentence to describe the act of Miss X. The impl ication is “Miss X sings so badly that he can hardly use the word ‘sing’ to describe her act.(2) (4’) The speaker violates the maxim of quantity. It implies “it’s no use lamenting on wars.Terrible things always happen. That’s its nature.”3. (8’) How do the learner factors potentially influence the way in which asecond language is acquired?1) The optimum age for second language acquisition: First language acquisition is most successful when it occurs during the early years of one’s life before puber ty, but the optimum age for SLA does not always accord with the maxim of ‘theyounger the better’. The optimum age for SLA is early teenage. This claim is justi-fiable because this is the age when the learner’ s flexibility of the language acquisition faculty has not been completely lost while one's cognitive skills have developed considerably.2) Motivation: Motivation in language learning can be defined in terms of the learner’s overall goal or orientation. Instrumental motivation occurs when the learn er’s goal is functional, and integrative motivation occurs when the learner’s goal is social. If the target language functions as a foreign language (used in a limited environment such as in school), the learner is likely to benefit from an integrative motivation; but if the target language functions as a second language (used as a primary means of communication in the community of the learner), an instrumental motivation is more effective.3) Acculturation: The acculturation hypothesis focuses on the social and psychological conditions under which L2 processing is most likely to take place successfully. It states simply that the more a person aspires to acculturate to the community of the target language, the further he or she will progress along the developmental continuum.4) Personality: Intuitively, an outgoing personality may contribute to language acquisition. Research results, however, only partially support this hypothesis. No significant relationship has been found between talkativeness on the one hand and overall proficiency in a second language on the other. But it is recognized that as a result of being frequently exposed to and interacting with the target language, learners with an extroverted personality are likely to achieve better oral fluency than otherwise.In sum, a good second language learner is, among other things, an adolescent who has a strong and well-defined motivation to learn. He isable to respond and adaptable to different learning situations. He seeks out all opportunities and makes maximum use of them to interact with the input. He employs appropriate learning strategies. And he is willing to identify himself or herself with the culture of the。