tenses

Present perfect 现在完成时可表示持续到现在的动 作或状态，动词一般是延续性的 Eg: (1): I have seen this film. (2): He has been in the League for
three years. (3) I have kept this book for three weeks.
Past perfect
Simple present
1) 经常性或习惯性的动作，常与表示频率 的时间状语连用。 时间状语： every… , sometimes, at… , on Sunday ,often, usually……
Eg: (1):I leave home for school at 7 every morning.
2.She is always helping her classmates with maths.
Present continuous 用现在进行时表示将来 意为："意图"、"打算"、"安排"、常用 于人。常用词为 come, go, start, arrive, leave,stay等。 Eg: (1): I'm leaving tomorrow. (2): I’m going to New York this weekend.
Simple past 1）在确定的过去时间里所发生的动作或存 在的状态。 时间状语有：yesterday, last week, an hour ago, the other day, in 1982, just now等。 Eg: (1): Where did you go just now?
Past perfect
概念：表示过去的过去 过去完成时的时间状语: before, by the time… , when, after, once, ……
Eg: (1): After I had finished the book, I switched off the light.
(2): By the time he was twelve, Edison had began to make a living by himself. (3): When the police arrived, the thieves had run away.
Past continuous
表示过去某时正在进行的状态或动作。
常用的时间状语：（小时间+大时间） the whole morning, all day yesterday, from nine to ten last evening, when, while…… Eg: (1): I was doing my homework all day yesterday. (2): My brother fell while he was riding his bicycle and hurt himself. (3): It was raining when they left the station.
(2): You often rest your head on your hand.
Simple present 2) 客观真理，客观存在，科学事实。 Eg: (1): The earth moves around the sun. (2): The sun rises in the east.
Present continuous c. 表示渐变的动词有：get, grow, become, turn, run, go, begin等。 Eg: (1): The leaves are turning red.
(2): It's getting warmer and warmer.
Present continuous d. 与always, constantly, forever 等 词连用，表示反复发生的动作或持续存 在的状态，往往带有说话人的主观色彩 Eg: 1.You are always changing your mind.
since的三种用法 1) since +过去一个时间点 (如具体的年、 月、日期、钟点、1980, last month, half past six)。 Eg: I have been here since 1989. 2) since +一段时间+ ago Eg: I have been here since five months ago. 3) since +从句(一般过去时) Eg: Great changes have taken place since you left.
(2): He sat up and smiled at people.
(3): When I was a child, I often played football in the street.
Present perfect 现在完成时用来表示之前已发生或完成的 动作或状态，其结果的确和现在有联系。动 作或状态发生在过去,但它的影响现在还存在. 现在完成时的时间状语: for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, till / until, up to now, in past years…
Simple present 4) 现在时刻的状态、能力、性格、个性。
Eg: (1): I don't want so much. (2): Ann Wang writes good English but does not speak well.
He will have leaned English for eight years by the time he __ from the university next year.（上海００） (C )
2--- The window is dirty. ( D ) --- I know. It __ for weeks. (NMET 2004) A.hasn't cleaned B. didn't clean
C. wasn't cleaned D. hasn't been cleaned
I wonder why Jenny __ us recently. We should have heard from her by now.(NMET02) A A hasn’t written B doesn’t write C won’t write D hadn’t written
C. willtinuous a.表示现在( 指说话人说话时) 正在发生的 事情。 Eg: (1): We are waiting for you. (2): She’s holding her head up.
b. 习惯进行：表示长期的或重复性的动作，说话 时动作未必正在进行。 Eg: (1): Mr. Green is writing another novel. (说话时并未在写，只处于写作的状态。) (2): She is learning piano under Mr. Smith.
John and I ___ friends for eight years. We first got to know each other at a Christmas party. But we __ each other a couple of times before that.（０２春）D A had been, have seen C had been, had seen B have been , have seen D have been , had seen
注意：过去时表示过去某时发生的动作 或单纯叙述过去的事情，强调动作；现 在完成时为过去发生的，强调过去的事 情对现在的影响，强调的是影响。
举例： I saw this film yesterday.（强调看的 动作发生过了。） I have seen this film. （强调对现在的 影响，电影的内容已经知道了。）
Simple future 2) be going to do sth，A）表示计划要 做的事。B) 表示有趋势要发生的事。 Eg: (1): What are you going to do tomorrow? (2):The play is going to be produced next month。 (3): Look at the dark clouds, there will be a storm.
A will graduate B will have gradated C graduates D is to graduate —What would you do if it __ tomorrow ? —We have to carry it on , since we’ve got everything ready .(全国卷1） (B) A. rain B. rains
Simple future 3) be to do sth，按计划或正式安排将发生 的事。 Eg: We are to discuss the report next Saturday.
4) be about to do sth，意为马上做某 事。 Eg:
注意：be about to 不能与tomorrow, next week 等表示明确将来时的时间 状语连用。
(3) He is leaving for Shanghai tonight.
Simple future 1) will 在陈述句中用于各人称，在争求意见 时常用于第二人称。 Eg: (1): Which paragraph shall I read first? (2): It will be sunny tomorrow. (3): Will you be at home at seven this evening?