2020上海市徐汇区高三英语二模试卷答案(高清打印版)
2020年上海市徐汇中学西校区高三英语二模试卷及答案解析
2020年上海市徐汇中学西校区高三英语二模试卷及答案解析第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项ATheatre reflects the values of the civilization out of which it grows. The following are the types of theatre performances an ancient Roman might have witnessed then.Fescennine VerseFescennine Verse was a pioneer of Roman comedy. Ironic and improvisational（即兴的）, it was used mainly at festivals or weddings, and as invective. With early native Italian funny dialogues in Latin verse, it was thought to have combined with a tradition of performances by masked dancers and musicians from Etruria.Fabula AtellanaFabula Atellana relied on common characters, masks, direct humor, and simple plots. They were performed by actors improvising. Fabula Atellana came from the Oscan city of Atella. There were 4 main types of characters: the braggart, the greedy blockhead, the clever hunchback and the stupid old man, like modern Punch and Judy shows.Fabula TogataNamed for the clothing symbolic of the Roman people Fabula Togata had various subtypes. One was the Fabula Tabernaria, named for the tavern（酒馆）where the comedy’s preferred characters, lowlifes, might be found. One describing more middle-class types, and continuing the Roman clothing theme, was the Fabula Trabeata.Fabula PraetextaFabula Praetexta is the name for Roman tragedies on Roman themes, Roman history or current politics. Fabula Praetexta was less popular than tragedies on Greek themes. During the Golden Age of drama in the Middle Republic, there were four great Roman writers of tragedy, Naevius, Ennius, Pacuvius, and Accius. Of their surviving tragedies, 90 titles remain.All the performances above began as a translation of Greek forms, even to the extent of their being performed in Greek costume.1.Where might an ancient Roman witness Fescennine Verse?A.At a party.B.At a funeral.C.At a wedding.D.At a concert.2.Which type of performance describes the middle-class life?A.Fabula Atellana.B.Fabula Tabernaria.C.Fabula Trabeata.D.Fabula Praetexta.3.What do the listed types of performances have in common?A.They copy Latin dramas.B.They take on Greek forms.C.They reflect Roman themes.D.They refer to Italian stories.BIf you’ve ever had a dog, you know just how deep a connection you can develop with “man’s best friend”. But a dog has a much shorter life span — about 12 to 15 years long — than humans, which means every dog owner has to go through the heartbreaking moment when their loving pet passes away.Why not make a clone of that dog then? This is the solution offered by a South Korean company, Sooam Biotech Research Foundation. The company has successfully cloned at least 400 dogs, mostly for US customers, ever since it pioneered the technique in 2005. Now, Sooam Biotech is planning to introduce their business toUKdog owners, offering them dogs that look just like their lost ones.Meanwhile, another dog is selected to supply an egg.Researchers then replace the DNA in the egg with that from the skin cell and implant the egg into the womb (子宫) of a female dog. The egg grows into a puppy over the following two months. To clone a dog, researchers first need to take a skin cell from a living dog or one that has just died.The whole process takes less than a day, but it comes at a shockingly high price — around £63,000 (614,000 yuan). But if you can’t afford it now, you can also save the cells in a laboratory and access them at a later date. Just like identical twins of humans, they share the exact same DNA but there will still be small differences between them. “The spots on a Dalmatian clone will be different, for example,” Insung Hwang, head of Sooam Biotech, toldThe Guardian. However, as magical as cloning might sound, there is no guarantee that the cloned dog will be a perfect replica of the original one.Dog owners will also have to accept the fact that personality is not “clone-able”. Apart from genes, personality is also determined by upbringing and environment, which are both “random elements [that] cloning technologies simply cannot overcome”, Professor Tom Kirkwood atNewcastle University,UK, toldThe Telegraph.Perhaps bringing our dogs back with cloning is not the best way to remember them after all.Kirkwood, a dog owner himself, pointed out: “An important aspect of our relationship with them is coming to terms with the pain of letting go.”4. According to the article, Sooam Biotech Research Foundation is ______.A. working on plans to help dog owners enjoy their pets longerB. offering a way to help dogs give birth to more puppiesC. providing a service that will make copies of pet dogsD. introducing a completely new technique to clone dogs5. Which of the following statements about dog cloning is TRUE according to the article?A. Dog cloning technology hadn’t been put into practice until recently.B. Dog cloning is very expensive and usually takes several months to complete.C. Dog cloning is very popular among US andUKpet owners.D. Cloned dogs might develop different habits and characteristics even though they look very similar.6. Which of the following shows the correct order of the dog cloning process?a. an egg is taken from another dogb. a skin cell is taken from the pet dog and saved in a laboratoryc. the egg is placed in the womb of a female dogd. the DNA of the egg is replaced by the DNA from the skin celle. the egg grows into a puppy in two monthsA. acbde.B. adbce.C. bacde.D. badce.7. We can learn from the article thatKirkwood______ dog cloning.A. disapproves ofB. supportsC. is afraid ofD. is curious aboutCWhere doyou usually put your toothbrush?Do you keep it in the bathroom? How’s your toothbrush looking these days? Even if you can’t see it with a naked eye, experts say it may be saturated(使饱和)with millions of toilet germs!Dr. Charles Oerba, a germ expert, is amicrobiology professor at the University of Arizona. He says there are approximately 3 million bacteria per square inch in most toilet bowls, and every time you flush it without closing the lid, those millions of bacteria droplets spray into the air as far as twenty feet away and dirty everything in their path. And a common victim is your poor toothbrush, usually, left out on the bathroom sink, right?So, what do we do? Dr. Gerba says it’s easy. Close the toilet lid before you flush—that’ll greatly cut downthe germs, which will otherwise float in the air. And wash your toothbrush every few days in mouthwash or peroxide to get rid of any germs hiding in it. You can even put it through the dishwasher to sanitize(消毒)it. And alwaysstore your toothbrush in a closed cabinet.Here’s one more tip from Dr. Gerba, who says our kitchen sink is probably dirtier than our toilet. “If an alien came from space and studied the bacterial counts, he probably would conclude he should wash his hands in your toilet and go to the bathroom in your sink.” He says that’s because the kitchen sink is a great place where E. coli(大肠杆菌)to live and grow since it’s wet and damp. Bacteria feed on the food that people put down the drain or—that’s left on dishes in the sink. To reset your sink’s bacteria count back to zero, you’d better regularly wash it with hot water and sanitize yoursink with special chemicals. In fact, you may want to do it every day or before preparing dinner.8. What is the purpose of the text?A. To show how to brush your teeth.B. To tell people the importance of health.C. To warn people of the invisible germs.D. To introduce a microbiology professor.9. What can we learn from Paragraph 2?A. Bathroom sinks are the dirtiest places.B. Bacteria are bad for people’s health.C. Why bacteria spread through the air.D. How bacteria spread in the bathroom.10. What does the underlined word“that”in Paragraph 4 refer to?A. The food.B. The toothbrush.C. The sink.D. The chemical.11. Why does Dr. Gerba mention the example of an alien?A. To tell us a fiction story of an alien studying bacteria.B. To show our kitchen sink may be dirtier than our toilet.C. To teach us how to reset sink’s bacteria count back to zero.D. To prove coli prefers to live in the kitchen and the drain.DIf you have ever been disappointed because you don’t have a good gardener ,the clever robot may one day become the helper of your indoor plantsThe Hexa Plant is a six-legged robot that has been specially made to care for the potted plant that carries ontop of its head .Using light and heats sensors (传感器) the robot has the ability to carry its plant in and out the daylight .If the houseplant needs more sun，the Hexa will walk into the sunlight ;and if the houseplant is getting too hot , the Hexa will go back into the area that blocks direct light The Hexa Plant will even do a little dance when it senses that the plant needs to be watered to warn its owner .The robot was developed by Vincross engineer and founder Sun Tianqi after he saw a dead sunflower sitting in the darkness in a room back in 2014 .” Plants only receive an action without responding ,”SunTianqi wrote in a blog post .” Whether they are being cut ,bitten ,burned or pulled from the earth ,or when they haven’t received enough sunshine ,water ,or are too hot or cold ,they will hold still and take whatever is happening to them .According to Sun Tianqi ,for billions of years ,plants have never experienced movement of any kind ,not even the simplest movement .In their whole lives ,they stick to where they were born .Sun Tianqi continued ,” Do they want break their own settings or have a tendency towards this ?I do not know the answer ,but would love to try to share some of this human tendency and technology with plants With the help of the robot ,plants can experience the move”.The Hexa Plant model robots are not for sale ,though Vincross does sell a Hexa robot model .It is said that in the near future the robots can open up a new market to watch over our household plants12. What can we learn about the Hexa Plant?A. It helps people do some gardening .B. It waters the plants through dancingC. It helps indoor plants get proper sunlightD. It carries the potted plant with its hands13. What does the author try to show through Paragraph 3?A. The way plants spend their whole livesB. The common way people deal with plantsC. The difference between plants and humansD. The cause of making the indoor plants’ helper.14. What does Sun Tianqi try do using this technology?A. To develop gardening skills.B. To draw people’s attention plantsC. make plants experience moveD. study the living conditions of plants15. What can be the best title for the text?A. A New Market for robotsB. An Indoor Plants’ HelperC. An Important Development in GardeningD The Tendency of Gardening in the Future第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
2020年上海市徐汇中学西校区高三英语二模试题及参考答案
2020年上海市徐汇中学西校区高三英语二模试题及参考答案第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项AThe Origins of Famous BrandsOur lives are full of brand names and trademarked products that we use every day. Although many brand names are simple acronyms(首字母缩略词) or versions of their founders names, some of the companies we trust every day actually have fascinating and surprising back stories.StarbucksIt seems fitting that the most famous coffee brand in the world would take its name from one of the world’s greatest works of literature. The inspiration for the name of the coffeehouse came from Herman Melville’sMoby Dick. The founders’ original idea was to name the company after the Captain Ahab’s ship, but they eventually decided that Pequot wasn’t a great name for coffee, so they chose Ahab’s first mate, Starbucks, as the name instead.GoogleGoogle was originally called Backrub, for it searched for links in every corner of the Web. In 1997, when the founders of the company were searching for a new name showing a huge amount of data for their rapidly improving search technology, a friend suggested the word “googol”. When a friend tried to register the new domain (域) name, he misspelled “googol” as “google”.NikeOriginally founded as a distributor for Japanese running shoes, the company was originally named BRS, or Blue Ribbon Sports. In 1971, BRS introduced its own soccer shoe, a model called Nike, which is alsothe name for the Greek goddess of victory. In 1978, the company officially renamed itself as Nike, Inc.The right name is essential to a company’s success, and a great origin story is just as important as a great product. An attractive origin story is one more thing that keeps customers guessing, wondering, and buying its products.1. What is the name of the Captain Ahab’s ship?A. Moby Dick.B. Starbucks.C. Pequot.D. Herman Melville.2. Why did the founders of the Google want to change its name?A. They mistook their name.B. They wanted new customers.C. The company’s original name was too long.D. The company’s search technology was improving rapidly.3. Where does the importance of the origin story of one company lie in?A. It can change the company’s image.B. It can add myth to the company.C. It explains the development of the company to customers.D. It makes customers imagine and purchase its goods.BThe idea came to him when he least expected it. Alvin Irby was at a barbershop when he saw one of his former students sitting in the shop with a bored look on his face. That’s when Irby realized that by pairing barbershops and books, he might be able to inspire young boys to read.Alvin Irby, a former kindergarten and first-grade teacher, knows how important it is for young children to read. He also knows that young boys in particular often don’t have adult male role models who inspire them to read. “Many young boys may literally never see a man reading in school during the years when they’re learning to read because there are so few male elementary school teachers,” Irby toldMashable.That’s where the barbershops come in. Four years ago, Irby launched Barbershop Books as a way to not just get books into the hands of young boys, but also to create community reading spaces in a place where kids go frequently. Since itsinceptionin 2013, the program has created kid-friendly reading spaces in 50 barbershops in 12 states throughout the United States.Irby isn’t the first person to see the connection between barbershops and books and boys. Hair stylist Courtney Holmes, launched a program a few years ago offering free haircuts to kids as long as they read to him while he cuts their hair.That’s the kind of environment that Irby wants to promote with his program. The reading spaces created by Barbershop Books help to spark an interest in books by showing kids that reading is about more than just spelling and vocabulary skills, it’s about making reading a low-stress activity that can help them relax, laugh and have fun.“Our belief is that if we can create positive reading experiences early and often for young boys, then they will choose to read for fun,” Irby noted, adding, “This is really what Barbershop Books is about, getting young boys to say three words: I’m a reader.”4. What happened to Alvin when he was at a barbershop?A. He found it easy for young people to get bored.B. He offered a barbershop to his former student.C. He thought of a way to encourage young readers.D. He realized the importance of reading for young boys.5. What is the function of Barbershop Books?A. To attract more customers who love films.B. To provide free haircuts to book lovers.C. To show the influence of reading on children.D. To create a reading environment fbr children.6. It can be inferred from the passage that ________.A. reading is a low-stress activity that is relaxingB. Barbershop Books is only suitable for young boysC. Irby attaches great importance to school educationD. Barbershop Books can arouse (引起) young people’s interest in reading7. What does the underlined word “inception” in the 3rdparagraph mean?A. discovery.B. success.C. popularity.D. beginning.CThe market for tourism in remote areas is booming as never before. Countries all across the world are actively promoting their wilderness regions-such as mountains, Arctic lands, deserts, small islands and wetlands— to high-spending tourists. The attraction of these areas is obvious: by definition, wilderness tourism requires little or no initial investment. But that does not mean that there is no cost.Once a location is established as a main tourist destination, the effects on the local community are profound. Hill-farmers can make more money from foreign travellers than working in their fields. It is not surprising that many o£ them give up their farm-work. In some hill-regions, this has led to a serious decline in farm output and a change in the local diet, because there is lacking labour to maintain terraces and irrigation systems. The result has been that many people in these regions have turned to outside supplies of rice and other foods.InArcticand desert societies, year-round survival has traditionally depended on hunting animals and fish and collecting fruit over a ly short season. However, as some inhabitants become involved in tourism, they no longerhave time to collect wild food; this has led to increasing dependence on bought food and stores. What should they do if these new sources of income dry up?The physical impact of visitors is another serious problem associated with the growth in adventure tourism. Much attention has focused on erosion along major roads, but perhaps more important are the forest destruction and impacts on water supplies arising from the need to provide tourists with cooked food and hot showers. In both mountains and deserts, slow-growing trees are often the main sources of fuel and water supplies may be limited through heavy use.8. Why are some countries promoting the wilderness regions to tourists?A. The wildness regions are accessible to tourists.B. The landscapes there are beautiful and unique.C. Developing tourism there doesn't need much investment.D. Lots of high-spending tourists prefer such remote regions.9. What is the effect of tourism on the local community?A. Many hill farmers have turned to outside supplies of foods.B. There is enough labour to maintain terraces and irrigation systems.C. Farm output there has increased and local diet has changed.D. The local people's new sources of income will dry up soon.10. Which might be the best title of the passage?A. The future of wilderness tourism.B. The impacts of wilderness tourism.C. The destruction of wilderness tourism.D. The disadvantages of wilderness tourism.11. If there is one more paragraph following the last paragraph, what will it talk about?A. The effects on local people.B. The solutions tothese problems.C. The choices of adventure tourists.D. The reasons for visiting remote areas.DThe United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) included on December 17, 2020 China's Tai Chi on the RepresentativeList of the Intangible（无形的）Cultural Heritage of Humanity. The decision was announced during the online meeting of the UNESCO Intergovernmental Committee for the Safeguarding of the Intangible Cultural Heritage held from December 14 to19 inKingston, capital ofJamaica.“Born in the mid-17th century in a small village named Chenjiagou located in Central China's Henan province, Tai Chi is not only a kind of traditional Wushu integrated with slow movements and deep breathing, but is alsodeeply rooted in many areas of Chinese culture, such as medicine and philosophy,”Zhu Xianghua says, who is the son of the famous Tai Chi master Zhu Tiancai.Although it has spread to more than 150 countries and regions, attracting more than 100 million people to practice, the idea that Tai Chi is for the elderly has stopped many young people practicing the ancient Wushu. They think of it as a slow exercise, which is specially made and better suited for their grandparents. Instead, many young people are turning to the Indian practice of yoga（瑜伽）to relieve stress, which was placed on the UNESCO's List in 2019.In order to promote Tai Chi, joint efforts have been made from individuals and the Chinese government in the last decades. Xi'an Jiaotong University requires students to learn Tai Chi. Wang Yunbing, a professor in the university's sports center, stressed that Tai Chi is not only good physical exercise-researchers from the American College of Rheumatology find that it can help manage several diseases but is also conned ted to ancient Chinese eivilization. Since 2014, the World Tai Chi Championships have been held every two years by the International Wushu Federation. It provides a platform for communication and learning between the Tai Chi masters and Tai Chi lovers around the globe. In January 2020, Tai Chi became an official event in the 2026 Dakar Youth Olympic Games.12. What does Zhu Xianghua say about Tai Chi in paragraph 2?A. It originated from fast Kung Fu action.B. It was born around the 1750s in a village.C. It is related to other cultural fields ofChina.D. It integrates Chinese medicine and western philosophy.13. Why do some young people choose to practice yoga instead of Tai Chi?A. They think it easier to practice yoga to keep fit.B. The elderly stop young people practicing Tai Chi.C. They consider Tai Chi is custom-built for old people.D. Yoga was included in the world culture earlier than Tai Chi.14. What is the main purpose of the last paragraph?A. To promote contemporary Chinese civilization.B. To show many efforts made to popularize Tai Chi.C. To stress the importance of Chinese Tai Chi masters.D. To advise people to practise Tai Chi to cure diseases.15.Which of the following is the best title for the passage?A. Tai Chi Steps on the UNESCO's List.B. Tai Chi is Competing against Yoga.C. Tai Chi Has Regained populate Globally.D. Opinions Greatly Differ on Tai Chi and Yoga.第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
2020年上海市徐汇中学高三英语第二次联考试题及答案
2020年上海市徐汇中学高三英语第二次联考试题及答案第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项ABest language learning appsDuolingoThe app doesn't restrict how many languages you can try to learn at the same time. I use Duolingo to practice Spanish and German. In the app, you can access resources such as Duolingo Stories, which can allow you to check your comprehension skills as you go. I also subscribe to Premium for $10 per month which includes an ad-free experience and downloadable lessons.MemriseOne of my favorite parts of Memrise is its short videos about how real locals express different phrases in conversation. A few lessons are available for free daily, but the full program is accessible if you subscribe to Memrise Pro. There are three plans—one month for $9, a year for $30 or three months for $19.BusuuWhen you sign up for Busuu, you select the language you want to learn, and the app helps you determine how advanced you are with it and why you want to learn it, and to what level. From there, you set a daily study goal. Premium costs about $6 per month for a year.LiricaIf you listen to any song enough, you'll learn all the words through repetition, even if they're in a different language. But how do you figure out what they mean? This is where Lirica comes in. This app is unique in how it approaches teaching Spanish. Instead of traditional teaching methods for learning a language, Lirica uses popular music by Latin artists to help you learn the Spanish language and grammar. Lirica has a one-week free trial and then it's about $4 per month.1. Which app is best for learning multiple languages at a time?A. Lirica.B. Busuu.C. Memrise.D. Duolingo.2. How much should you pay for a quarterly subscription to Memrise Pro?A. $9.B. $19.C. $28.D. $30.3. What is special about Lirica?A. It offers a one-month free trial.B. It helps users set a daily study goal.C. It hires Latin artists to teach Spanish.D. It enables users to learn Spanish through music.BThis year researchers expect the world to snap 1.35 trillion photographs, or about 3.7 billion per day. All those pixels (像素) take up a lot of room if they are stored on personal computers or s phones, which is one reason why many people store their images in the cloud. But unlike a hard on drive which can be encrypted to protect its data, cloud storage users have to trust that a tech platform will keep their private pictures safe. Now a team of Columbia University computer scientists has developed a tool to encrypt (加密) images stored on many popular cloud services while allowing authorized users to browse and display their photographs as usual.Malicious (恶意的) attempts to access or leak cloud-based photographs can expose personal information. In November 2019, for example, a bug in the popular photograph storage app Google Photos mistakenly shared some users' private videos with strangers. Security experts also worry about employees at cloud storage companies on purpose accessing users' images.So the Columbia researchers came up with a system called Easy Secure Photos (ESP), which they presented at a recent conference. “We wanted to see if we could make it possible to encrypt data while using existing services,” says computer scientist Jason Nieh, one of the developers of ESP. “Everyone wants to stay with Google Photos and not have to register on a new encrypted-image cloud storage service.”To overcome this problem, they created a tool that preserves blocks of pixels but moves them around to effectively hide the photograph. First, ESP's algorithm (算法) divides a photograph into three separate files, each one containing the image's red, green or blue color1 data. Then the system hides the pixel blocks around among these three files (allowing a block from the red file, for instance, to hide out in the green or blue ones). But the program does nothing within the pixel blocks, where all the image processing happens. As a result, the files remain unchanged images but end up looking like grainy black-and-white ones to anyone who accesses them without the decryption (解密) key.4. What's probably the main purpose for people to store images in the cloud?A. To save storage room.B. To make photos beautiful.C. To try a new storage way.D. To keep their privacy safe.5. Why might employees in cloud storage companies be distrusted by experts?A. They sell users' passwords.B. They have invented new tools.C. They often let out personal information.D. They may steal a glance at users' images.6. What's the advantage of ESP?A. It can provide clear images.B. It can decrease the upload time.C. It can classify images automatically.D. It can encrypt data on the original platform.7. What does paragraph 4 mainly talk about?A. Method of decryption.B. Image-processing technique.C. Separate files of images.D. Data analysisof color1 s.CIt's the near future.Animal populations have fallen sharply and 80% of species are extinct.The forests are so rare that you need to make a booking to visit one. Birds also face extinction.The Arctic terns,a species evolved to fly across the world on4000kmannual journeys，are on their last migration (迁徙) to Antarctica.The Last Migrationby the Sydney-based writer Charlotte McConaghy is a different sort of climate novel，one in which the heroine's(女主人公)damaged soul is as much a story as the damaged environment This is McConaghy's first work of literary fiction,after a history publishing in science fiction and a romantic fantasy series."I wanted to try and engage with the climate crisis closely,"she said."It's hard to nail down where he book came from.But I had Toni Morrison's words in my head:'If there's a book you really want to read,but i hasn't been written yet,then you must write it.'I love that. It really speaks to me.""I wanted to write about the way the natural world is disappearing but I didn't know a way in."The way in”, she says, was to"go travelling.I went to Ireland and Iceland,and thought about these incredible journeys of the terns and these people who study hes journeys."The book became a story of a double journey: the migration of the birds,and a broken woman's travelling to the end of the earth.Much of the book is told in flashbacks, the action jumping between the south coast of New South Wales to the west coast of Ireland and to Greenland."I've always been fascinated with Ireland: the landscape, the people and the poetry and music.I was fascinated with writing a character from there. It was a way to connect more with the place."McConaghy says she also wanted to have a character who was"of two places"."I had lived in 21 houses by the time I was 21, as a result I definitely know how it feels to feel as if you are not sure where you belong and feeling as if you are between two worlds."8. How isThe Last Migrationdifferent from other climate novels?A. It forecasts environmental destruction.B. It features a bird's cross-continental migration.C It combines science fiction well with romantic fantasy.D. It attaches equal importance to the heroine's broken soul.9. What did McConaghy think of Toni Morrison's words?A. Inspirational.B. One-sided.C. Authoritative.D. Casual.10. Why did McConaghy go travelling?A. To appreciate the landscape of Ireland.B. To follow the migration of the birds.C. To get away from her tiresome life.D. To find ideas for her new book.11. How might a character "of two places"feel?A. Content and carefree.B. More connected with nature.C. Lacking in a sense of belonging.D. Knowledgeable about the world.DI have a memory of being about five years old, picking up a beautiful grilled(烧烤的）cheese sandwich made for me by my hard —working mother and turning it over to see that theother side was burned. Suddenly what I thought was the perfect sandwich was not so perfect. Mom had tried to hide that fact from me. There was no question; I ate it anyway without complaining. However, that moment has stuck in my mind for many years. Now, at the age of 43 as a mother of two children and as a biology professor where I am routinely the "academic mother" of hundreds of students every year,I find that I believe inThe Grilled Cheese Principle.Here is what I mean Making a grilled cheese sandwich is easy right? But when I think of how many burned grilled cheesesandwiches I have eaten, or I have made myself, I realize that most of the grilled cheese sandwiches I have known have had at least one burned side. The thing is that although it is a ly easy thing to make, I can also easily lose focus, and before long the sandwich is burned. For my mother, the first side was usually perfect and the second side got burned due to her being distracted. For me,I have tended to burn the first side,but then I more carefully monitor the second side.Either way,the grilled cheese sandwich suffers because it has not been given the attention it deservesSo, I have learned that even the simplest task deserves my full attention. When I am multi-tasking, I am doing none of the tasks well. And when I allow myself to be distracted, I am not in the present moment — not paying attention to the small details of living or enjoying the processSo now, I believe the best way to make a perfect grilled cheese sandwich is to make only one at a time and give it my full attention.12. How did the writer react to the sandwich with burned side?A. She ate it with some complaintsB. She showed no interest.C. She thought it was still perfectD. She was deeply impressed with it13. What doesThe Grilled Cheese Principlemean?A. Even simple things deserve full attentionB. Losing focus makes the sandwich burnedC. Self-made sandwiches are always burnedD. we should make only one sandwich at a time14. Which of the following can we infer from the passage?A. Everything cannot be done well without full attentionB. Moms always like to lie to kids when they have done something wrongC. We can lose focus more easily when we do easy things.D. Multi-tasking can be an obstacle to the achievement of tasks.15. What does the writer mainly want to tell us?A. Nothing is perfectB. Learn to appreciate the burned sandwichesC. Devote yourself to one thing at a time.D. Never do multi-tasks第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
2020届上海市徐汇区高三英语二模试卷及答案
2020届上海市徐汇区高三英语二模试卷及答案I. Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. To answer the door. B. To fix the doorbell.C. To get a job.D. To ask for instructions.2. A. At the airport. B. In a restaurant.C. In a booking office.D. At the hotel reception.3. A. She has lost a lot of weight. B. She lost some money last year.C. She spent a lot on cosmetic surgery.D. She is having health problems.4. A. Taking photographs. B. Downloading images.C. Fixing cameras.D. Painting pictures.5. A. The woman is going to hold a party tomorrow.B. The man asks the woman not to attend the party.C. The woman doesn’t know how to get to the party.D. The man offers to drive the woman to the party.6. A. Tokyo is a city with a short history.B. He can provide little useful information.C. He can show the woman around the city.D. He has lived in Tokyo for a long time.7. A. She will meet the man in his office.B. She has an appointment with the man.C. She had a traffic accident that morning.D. She can’t finish making the jam before 9.8. A. Play some music. B. Remove the power plug.C. Repair the sound box.D. Start the car engine.9. A. She can’t stand the hot weather. B. The beach resort is a better choice.C. She enjoys visiting the art museums.D. The man should develop a taste for art.10. A. He is satisfied with his new job. B. [KJ1] He wants his workload to be shared.C. He doesn’t like his new office.D. He gets pressure from his new position.Section BDirections: In Section B, you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation, and you will be asked several questions on each of the passages and the conversation. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. A promotion of outdoor clothes. B. An introduction of West Virginia.C. A weekend vacation to a famous resort.D. A free trip to an unknown destination.12. A. Regretful. B. Frustrating. C. Worthwhile. D. Comfortable.13. A. Mystery trips. B. Outdoor adventures. C. Social media. D. Travel destinations.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14. A. Goods are scarce and hard to get for ordinary consumers.B. People aim for social distinction through what they own.C. Manufacturers make more money by mass production.D. Growth of consumerism is restricted by artificial products.15. A. To cut down on labour costs by reducing working hours.B. To make customers feel they own something rare.C. To increase their coffee price without losing customers.D. To focus more on quality and customer satisfaction.16. A. Consumer awareness. B. Social distinction.C. Artificial scarcity.D. Mass production.Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.17. A. In the gym. B. At a bookstore. C. At the library. D. In the classroom.18. A. Wait for a month. B. Keep the receipt.C. Mark on the book.D. Accept a discount.19. A. The man doesn’t need the book now. B. He’s afraid he might damage the book.C. The book costs too much for him.D. He prefers the edition with footnotes.20. A. Bargain with the woman. B. Go to another bookstore.C. Wrap his book.D. Surf the Internet.II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use oneword that best fits each blank.Kieron Graham always knew he had an elder brother named Vincent. His adoption papers, (21) _______ (sign) when he was three months old, listed a brother named Vincent but no last name. Though Kieron spent years thinking about Vincent, he could never track him down.That changed in December 2017, when Kieron’s adoptive parents gave him an DNA test as a Christmas gift. When his results came back, he was surprised (22) _______ (find) he had a lot of DNA matches for relatives who had also taken the test. Most were distant connections, but one match was so strong that it (23) _______ (label) “close family.” His name was Vincent Ghant. Kieron looked for him on Facebook and soon made a possible connection.When they connected, it was (24) _______ _______ they had known each other their whole lives. As they talked, the brothers realized they lived about 20 minutes from each other. (25) _______(surprisingly), they attended the same university and majored and minored in the same subjects.Vincent was nine when Kieron was born and remembers caring for his baby brother. But times were tough, and Shawn, who worked 15-plus hours a day as a nurse, decided that (26) _______(place) Kieron for adoption would give him the best chance to succeed.“She was very emotional about that time, to the point (27) _______ it was hard for her to put into words anything about what happened,” Vincent says.Now the brothers had the chance to make up for lost time. They decided to meet at a local tea shop that week. One of Vincent’s concerns was that Kieron (28) _______ hate his birth family for placing him for adoption. He was relieved Kieron didn’t, and (29) _______ he’d grown up in a loving family. After that first meeting, the brothers played football together and celebrated Christmas with their families. “We’ll keep growing our relationship (30) _______ it’s time to leave this planet,” says Vincent. That shouldn’t be hard. As Kieron says, “We’ve got years and years to catch up on.”Section BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.A. motiveB. deliberatelyC. convincedD. injuriousE. alertsF. desperatelyG. sweptH. accountsI. unconsciousJ. preservingK. chargingRobert Pitman, a marine ecologist, describes an encounter he witnessed in Antarctica in 2009. A group of killer whales were attacking a Weddell seal. The seal swam 31 toward a pair of humpbacks that had inserted themselves into the action. One of the humpbacks rolled over on its back, and the seal was 32 onto its chest, between the whale’s massive flippers (鳍). “That incident 33 me,” he says. “Those humpbacks were doing something we couldn’t explain.”Pitman started asking other researchers and whale watchers to send him similar 34 . Soon he was reading through observations of 115 encounters between humpbacks and killer whales, recorded over 62 years. “There are some pretty astonishing videos of humpbacks 35 killer whales,” he says.In a 2016 article in Marine Mammal Science, a famous scientific journal, Pitman and his co-authors describe this behaviour and confirm that such acts of do-gooding are widespread. But knowing that something is happening and understanding why it’s happening are two different things. Pitman and his co-authors openly reflected on the meaning of these encounters. “Why,” they wrote, “would humpbacks 36 interfere with attacking killer whales, spending time and energy on a potentially 37 activity, especially when the killer whales… were attacking other species of prey?”Interestingly, humpbacks don’t just hit on killer-whale attacks. They race toward them like firefighters into burning buildings. And like those rescue workers, humpbacks don’t know who is in danger until they get there. That’s because the sound that 38 them to an attack isn’t the sad voice of the victim. It’s the excited calls of the killer whales. Pitman believes humpbacks have one simple instruction: “When you hear killer whales attacking, go break it up.”I wonder what humpback whales care deeply enough about to actively swim into battle with killer whales. When I ask Pitman, he tells me that, it still comes down to selfishly 39 their own kind. He believes that their occasional rescues of humpback calves (后代) create a strong enough 40 for them to rush in to help, even if it means they end up saving sunfish, sea lions, dolphins every now and then.III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.The true purpose of a business, Peter Drucker said, is to create and keep customers. “Customer value” has several definitions. I use the 41 to mean the total lifetime value of a company’s customer base. Companies can increase this value by 42 more customers, earning more business from existing ones, keeping them longer, making their experience simpler through digital improvements and so on. 43 leaders have long understood the importance of concentrating on customer value rather than pursuing short-term profits or quarterly earnings, and they’ve become enduring customer loyalty leaders in the process. It’s worth noting that a number of loyalty-leading companies are able to 44 shareholder pressure, or avoid it altogether, because they are founder-led, customer-owned, or not publicly traded.Companies can 45 customer value in a variety of ways: To increase 46 , enterprise software companies sometimes charge corporate customers change fees that can raise the total cost of ownership to as much as three times the original price. To reduce operating costs, restaurant chains sometimes 47 frozen and precooked ingredients in place of fresh and made-to-order food. The resulting profits may look good on the income statement. Such strategies may even lead to short-term earnings growth. But they also 48 potential customers and encourage disloyalty.Given the importance of customer value, leaders should track it as much as they track other key assets (资产), such as buildings, machinery, and marketable securities. They also should reveal it in their quarterly and annual earnings releases so that investors can make 49 judgments about company performance and how it compares with that of industry peers. But most companies 50 believe that measuring customer value is too difficult or costly. They continue to rely on a centuries-old accounting tradition that emphasizes physical and financial assets, and neither income statements nor balance sheets offer much 51 into the value of a company’s customers.As investors wake up to the importance of customer value, however, many growth-stage companies now direct investors’ attention to 52 in growing the value of their customer base. Some public companies increasingly report various types of customer value metrics (指标). One of the UK’s top energy suppliers E.ON, 53 , reports year-over-year customer counts in its financial report. “As a customer-focused company,” E.ON noted, “we see customer value as crucial to our success.”This is a start, but because there are no customer-value reporting standards or requirements, investors still have a(n) 54 picture. The minority of companies that do provide customer value information decide for themselves what to disclose. 55 , firms may calculate customer metrics differently or change them to tell a desired story, or simply stop reporting them if they fail to go with the company’s preferred narrative.41. A. item B. version C. term D. definition42. A. persuading B. consulting C. acquiring D. inspecting43. A. Considerate B. Visionary C. Determined D. Powerful44. A. resist B. relieve C. intensify D. maintain45. A. raise B. adopt C. calculate D. destroy46. A. income B. experience C. productivity D. demand47. A. separate B. substitute C. forbid D. combine48. A. appeal to B. rely on C. put down D. scare off49. A. informed B. subjective C. definitive D. independent50. A. fully B. hardly C. readily D. wrongly51. A. suspicion B. extension C. literacy D. visibility52. A. sacrifice B. success C. prejudice D. expense53. A. as a result B. for example C. on the contrary D. in general54. A. incomplete B. depressing C. convincing D. vivid55. A. Instead B. Further C. Otherwise D. ThereforeSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.Aristotle thought the face was a window onto a person’s mind. Cicero agreed. Two thousand years passed, and facial expressions are still commonly thought to be a universally valid way to judge other people’s feelings, irrespective of age, sex and culture. A raised eyebrow suggests confusion. A smile indicates happiness.Or do they? An analysis of hundreds of research papers that examined the relationship between facial expressions and underlying emotions has uncovered a surprising conclusion: there is no good scientific evidence to suggest that there are such things as recognizable facial expressions for basic emotions which areuniversal across cultures. Just because a person is not smiling, the researchers found, does not mean that person is unhappy.This may raise questions about the efforts of information-technology companies to develop artificial-intelligence algorithms (算法) which can recognize facial expressions and work out a person’s underlying emotional state. Microsoft, for example, claims its “Emotion API” is able to detect what people are feeling by examining video footage of them. Another of the study’s authors, however, expressed scepticism. Aleix Martinez, a computer engineer at Ohio State University, said that companies attempting to obtain emotions from images of faces have failed to understand the importance of context.For a start, facial expression is but one of a number of non-verbal ways，such as body posture, that people use to communicate with each other. Machine recognition of emotion needs to take account of these as well. But context can reach further than that. Dr Martinez mentioned an experiment in which participants were shown a close-up picture of a man’s face, which was bright red with his mouth open in a scream. Based on this alone, most participants said the man was extremely angry. Then the whole picture was shown. It was a football player with his arms outstretched, celebrating a goal. His angry-looking face was, in fact, a show of pure joy.Given that people cannot guess each other’s emotional states most of the time, Dr Martinez sees no reason computers would be able to. “There are companies right now claiming to be able to do that and apply this to places I find really scary and dangerous, for example, in hiring people,” he says. “Some companies require you to present a video resume, which is analyzed by a machine-learning system. And depending on your facial expressions, they hire you or not, which I find really shocking.”56. We can learn from the second paragraph that __________.A. facial expressions are universal across culturesB. it is hard to recognize some facial expressionsC. emotions and facial expressions may not be relatedD. common facial expressions convey similar meanings57. In the passage, the word “scepticism” (paragraph 3) is closest in meaning to “__________”.A. similar interestB. fierce angerC. strong supportD. great doubt58. The experiment mentioned by Dr Martinez may prove that ___________.A. facial expression is an important way to communicateB. machine recognition of emotion is not reliable at allC. facial expression is not the only way to detect feelingsD. people may misread facial expressions for lack of context59. What does this passage mainly tell us?A. Facial expressions are among the most universal forms of body language.B. Computers can detect people’s mind by analyzing their facial expressions.C. Facial expressions may not be the reliable reflection of a person’s emotions.D. Companies can depend on machine recognition of emotion to hire people.Founded in 1887, The Writer aims to expand and support the work of professional writers with a straightforward presentation of industry information, writing instruction and professional and personal motivation. If you’re passionate about books, authors, and writing, you’ll find everything you need within our pages 12 times a year.Our editors are interested in query letters (投稿信) on concrete topics written by emerging and experienced writers. We are looking for clear takeaway for our readers: What can they learn to improve their writing or advance their careers? What specific how-to tips and strategies will accomplish this?In addition to a fleshed-out outline of your story idea and an estimated word count, queries should include a brief description of your background. For personal essays, we prefer writers to attach or paste the finished piece in their query email. We do not accept material that has been previously published in any form in print or online.Queries should be sent by e-mail to tweditorial@. All queries sent to any other address will be deleted.Unfortunately, we receive hundreds of letters every week and cannot respond to all of them. If you haven’t heard from us in two weeks, please feel free to move your submission (投稿) to another publication. If you’re unfamiliar with our magazine, we recommend reading a few issues, subscribing, or at least signing up for ournewsletter to get a feel for the kind of work we publish.Article lengths vary widely from 300 to 3,000 words.We recommend writers ask themselves the following questions before querying. It isn’t necessary to include them in your query, but we find it’s a good way to help us understand how your piece best fits in our pages:How specifically will this story idea help our readers become more informed writers?Why is this particular idea timely or relevant?Why are you the perfect person to write this piece?We prefer electronic queries. Please do not mail queries.Payment varies.Thank you for considering a submission to The Writer magazine, the voice of imagination, creation, and publication since 1887.60. According to the passage, The Writer magazine __________.A. provides practical suggestions on a writing careerB. responds to all the query letters from the readersC. introduces successful writers and their works onlyD. prefers handwritten queries to electronic ones61. When sending a query letter, a contributor must ________.A. answer the three questions firstB. attach a printed version of the storyC. subscribe to the magazineD. include a brief self-introduction62. What is this passage mainly about?A. Magazine recommendations.B. Submission guidelines.C. Published stories.D. Subscription information.There has, in recent years, been an outpouring of information about the impact of buildings on the natural environment. Information which explains and promotes green and sustainable construction design, strives to convince others of its efficacy (功效) and warns of the dangers of ignoring the issue. Seldom do these documents offer any advice to practitioners, such as those designing mechanical and electrical systems for a building, on how to use this knowledge on a practical level.Although there are a good many advocates of “green” construction in the architectural industry, able to list enough reasons why buildings should be designed in a sustainable way, not to mention plenty of architectural firms with experience in green design, this is not enough to make green construction come into being. The driving force behind whether a building is constructed with minimal environmental impact lies with the owner of the building; that is, the person financing the project. If the owner considers green design unimportant, or of secondary importance, then more than likely, it will not be factored into the design.The commissioning (委任) process plays a key role in ensuring the owner gets the building he wants, in terms of design, costs and risk. At the predesign stage, the owner’s objectives and expectations are discussed and documented. This gives a design team a solid foundation on which they can build their ideas. Owners who skip the commissioning process, or fail to take “green” issues into account when doing so, often come a cropper once their building is up and running. Materials and equipment are installed as planned, and, at first glance, appear to fulfil their purpose adequately. However, in time, the owner realizes that operational and maintenance costs are higher than necessary, and that the occupants are dissatisfied with the results. These factors in turn lead to higher ownership costs as well as increased environmental impact.In some cases, an owner may be aware of the latest trends in sustainable building design. However, firms should not take it as read that the client already has an idea of how green he intends the structure to be. Indeed, this initial interaction between owner and firm is the ideal time for a designer to outline and promote the ways that green design can meet the client’s objectives, thus turning a project originally not destined for green design into a potential candidate.Typically, when considering whether or not to adopt a green approach, an owner will ask about additional costs or return for investment. In a typical project, landscape architects, mechanical and electrical engineers do not become involved until a much later stage. However, in green design, they must be involved from the outset, since green design demands interaction between these disciplines. This increased cooperation clearly requires additional cost. However, there may be financial advantage for the client in choosing a greener design. There are examples of green designs which have demonstrated lower costs for long-term operation, ownership and even construction.63. What is the main reason for the lack of green buildings being designed according to the passage?A. Few firms have enough experience in designing and constructing green buildings.B. Construction companies are unaware of the benefits of sustainable designs.C. Firms do not get to decide whether a building is to be constructed sustainably.D. Firms tend to convince clients that other factors are more important than sustainability.64. The phrase “come a cropper” probably means ________.A. experience misfortuneB. change one’s mindC. notice the benefitsD. make a start65. Which of the following can be inferred from the passage?A. Most clients have a clear idea of whether they want a green building at the beginning.B. Green buildings are most likely to cost more money than conventional buildings.C. The commissioning process offers a good opportunity to bring up the subject of green design.D. Firms should avoid working with clients who reject green designs in their buildings.66. The writer’s main purpose is to ________.A. explain the importance of communication when a building is commissionedB. emphasize the importance of green building design in protecting the environmentC. explain to building owners why ignoring green issues is costly and dangerousD. inform professionals how they can influence clients to choose greener designsSection CDirections: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.A. The cultural breakthrough came in 2014 with a very specific podcast—Serial.B. But if you are a celebrity, podcasts can provide a new branch of business.C. And now, despite the growth in smartphones offering high-definition pictures, the popularity of podcasts is booming.D. Now the boom in podcasting embraces a huge range of talent, from professional broadcasters to enthusiasts offering insights on anything and everything.E. Podcasts offer a chance to speak to a very precise selection of people.F. But where did this trend for making portable audio programmes begin?Do you prefer to watch TV or listen to the radio? There was a time when some people thought moving pictures would spell the end of tuning in to the radio for entertainment and information. But radio survived and boomed. (67) ____________________Perhaps the growth in podcasting is not surprising—it offers a digital audio file that can be downloaded and stored for listening at any time. It can also be streamed from the internet and played on a computer or MP3 player. And it’s not just broadcasters, like the BBC, who are producing podcasts: now commercial broadcasters, individuals and companies with no connection to broadcasting are making them. In fact, anyone with something to say, and a few pounds to spend on the equipment, can get involved.The digital audio files are cheap to produce and, thanks to the internet, easy to distribute. (68) ____________________ Journalist Ben Hammersley told the BBC that “two changes transformed the market—one cultural and one technical.” A technical breakthrough came in 2012 when Apple produced the iPhone podcast app, which proved a popular library system for listeners. This was followed by a dramatic improvement in inexpensive recording production and editing equipment. Finally, the development of 4G mobile phone connections and widespread wi-fi meant listeners could browse, download or stream shows whenever they wanted.(69) ____________________ It was a piece of investigative journalism hosted by Sarah Koenig, telling a non-fiction story over multiple episodes (集). To date, the first and second seasons of the show have had more than 340 million downloads.Advertisers soon realized the money-making potential of this and other successful podcasts. And where the audience goes, the money follows. From 2017 to 2018 advertising spending on podcasts in the UK went from $10.6m(￡8.5m) to $19.7m, an 85% increase, according to Ovum.(70) ____________________ In fact, as Ben Hammersley explains, podcasting has brought people into broadcasting who would normally never have seen the inside of a recording studio. “There are of course professional podcasters, but there are many more people who create quality content and do it for nothing,” he says. “And that is changing not just the way we listen to audio but the way the broadcasting industry works.”IV．Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.V. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.1. 开车时遮挡车牌号是违法的。
2020届上海市徐汇区高三二模英语试题(含解析)
2020届上海市徐汇区高三二模英语试题（满分140分，考试时间120分钟）2020.5I. Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. To answer the door. B. To fix the doorbell.C. To get a job.D. To ask for instructions.2. A. At the airport. B. In a restaurant.C. In a booking office.D. At the hotel reception.3. A. She has lost a lot of weight. B. She lost some money last year.C. She spent a lot on cosmetic surgery.D. She is having health problems.4. A. Taking photographs. B. Downloading images.C. Fixing cameras.D. Painting pictures.5. A. The woman is going to hold a party tomorrow.B. The man asks the woman not to attend the party.C. The woman doesn’t know how to get to the party.D. The man offers to drive the woman to the party.6. A. Tokyo is a city with a short history.B. He can provide little useful information.C. He can show the woman around the city.D. He has lived in Tokyo for a long time.7. A. She will meet the man in his office.B. She has an appointment with the man.C. She had a traffic accident that morning.D. She can’t finish making the jam before 9.8. A. Play some music. B. Remove the power plug.C. Repair the sound box.D. Start the car engine.9. A. She can’t stand the hot weather. B. The beach resort is a better choice.C. She enjoys visiting the art museums.D. The man should develop a taste for art.10. A. He is satisfied with his new job. B. He wants his workload to be shared.C. He doesn’t like his new office.D. He gets pressure from his new position.Section BDirections: In Section B, you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation, and youwill be asked several questions on each of the passages and the conversation. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the bestanswer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. A promotion of outdoor clothes. B. An introduction of West Virginia.C. A weekend vacation to a famous resort.D. A free trip to an unknown destination.12. A. Regretful. B.Frustrating. C. Worthwhile. D. Comfortable.13. A. Mystery trips. B. Outdoor adventures. C. Social media. D. Travel destinations.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14. A. Goods are scarce and hard to get for ordinary consumers.B. People aim for social distinction through what they own.C. Manufacturers make more money by mass production.D. Growth of consumerism is restricted by artificial products.15. A. To cut down on labour costs by reducing working hours.B. To make customers feel they own something rare.C. To increase their coffee price without losing customers.D. To focus more on quality and customer satisfaction.16. A. Consumer awareness. B. Social distinction.C. Artificial scarcity.D. Mass production.Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.17. A. In the gym. B. At a bookstore. C. At the library. D. In the classroom.18. A. Wait for a month. B. Keep the receipt.C. Mark on the book.D. Accept a discount.19. A. The man doesn’t need the book now.B. He’s afraid he might damage the book.C. The book costs too much for him.D. He prefers the edition with footnotes.20. A. Bargain with the woman. B. Go to another bookstore.C. Wrap his book.D. Surf the Internet.II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form ofthe given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Discovering a Lost BrotherKieron Graham always knew he had an elder brother named Vincent. His adoption papers, (21)_______ (sign) when he was three months old, listed a brother named Vincent but no last name. Though Kieron spent years thinking about Vincent, he could never track him down.test as a That changed in December 2017, when Kieron’s adoptive parents gave him an DNA Christmas gift. When his results came back, he was surprised (22) _______ (find) he had a lot ofDNA matches for relatives who had also taken the test. Most were distant connections, but oneHis name w as Vincent Ghant. match was so strong that it (23) _______ (label) “close family.” Kieron looked for him on Facebook and soon made a possible connection.When they connected, it was (24) _______ _______ they had known each other their wholelives. As they talked, the brothers realized they lived about 20 minutes from each other. (25)_______(surprisingly), they attended the same university and majored and minored in the samesubjects.Vincent was nine when Kieron was born and remembers caring for his baby brother. But timeswere tough, and Shawn, who worked 15-plus hours a day as a nurse, decided that (26)_______(place) Kieron for adoption would give him the best chance to succeed.“She was very emotional about that time, to the point (27) _______ it was hard for her to putinto words anything about what happened,” Vi ncent says. Now the brothers had the chance to make up for lost time. They decided to meet at a local tea shop that week. One of Vincent ’s concerns was that Kieron (28) _______ hate his birth family for placing him for adoption. He was relieved Kieron didn ’t, and (29) _______ he ’d grown up in aloving family. After that first meeting, the brothers played football together and celebrated Christmaswith their families.“We ’ll keep growing our relationship (30) _______ it ’s time to leave this says Vincent. That shouldn ’t be hard. As Kieron says, “We ’ve got years and years to catch up on.Section BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only beused once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Why Humpback Whales (座头鲸) Protect Other Species from Killer WhalesRobert Pitman, a marine ecologist, describes an encounter he witnessed in Antarctica in 2009.A group of killer whales were attacking a Weddell seal. The seal swam31 toward a pair of humpbacks that had inserted themselves into the action. One of the humpbacks rolled over on its back, and the seal was32 onto its chest, between the whale ’s massive flippers (鳍). “That incident 33 me,” he says. “Those humpbacks were doing something we couldn’t explain.” Pitman started asking other researchers and whale watchers to send him similar 34 . Soonhe was reading through observations of 115 encounters between humpbacks and killer whales,recorded over 62 years. “There are some pretty astonishing videos of humpbacks35 killer whales,” he says.In a 2016 article in Marine Mammal Science , a famous scientific journal, Pitman and hisco-authors describe this behaviour and confirm that such acts of do-gooding are widespread. Butknowing that something is happening and understanding why it’s happening are two different things. Pitman and his co-authors openly reflected on the meaning of theseencounters. “Why,” they wrote, “would humpbacks36 interfere with attacking killer whales, spending time and energy on a potentially37 activity, especially when the killer whales … were attacking other species ofprey?”Interestingly, humpbacks don ’t just hit on killer -whale attacks. They race toward them likefirefighters into burning buildings. And like those rescue workers, humpbacks don ’t know who is in danger until they get there. That ’s because the sound that 38 them to an attack isn ’t the sad A. motiveB. deliberatelyC. convincedD. injuriousE. alertsF. desperatelyG. swept H. accounts I. unconscious J. preserving K. chargingvoice of the victim. It’s the excited calls of the killer whales. Pitman believes humpbacks have onesimple instruction: “When you hear killer whales attacking, go break it up.”I wonder what humpback whales care deeply enough about to actively swim into battle withkiller whales. When I ask Pitman, he tells me that, it still comes down to selfishly 39 their ownkind. He believes that their occasional rescues of humpback calves (后代) create a strong enough40 for them to rush in to help, even if it means they end up saving sunfish, sea lions, dolphinsevery now and then.III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, Cand D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.The true purpose of a business, Peter Drucker said, is to create and keep customers. “has several definitions. I use the 41 to mean the total lifetime value of a company’svalue” customer base. Companies can increase this value by 42 more customers, earning morebusiness from existing ones, keeping them longer, making their experience simpler through digitalimprovements and so on. 43 leaders have long understood the importance of concentrating oncustomer value rather than pursuing short-term profits or quarterly earnings, and they’vebecome-leadingenduring customer loyalty leaders in the process. It’s worth noting that a number of loyaltycompanies are able to 44 shareholder pressure, or avoid it altogether, because they arefounder-led, customer-owned, or not publicly traded.Companies can 45 customer value in a variety of ways: To increase 46 , enterprisesoftware companies sometimes charge corporate customers change fees that can raise the total costof ownership to as much as three times the original price. To reduce operating costs, restaurantchains sometimes 47 frozen and precooked ingredients in place of fresh and made-to-orderfood. The resulting profits may look good on the income statement. Such strategies may even lead toshort-term earnings growth. But they also 48 potential customers and encourage disloyalty.Given the importance of customer value, leaders should track it as much as they track other keyassets (资产), such as buildings, machinery, and marketable securities. They also should reveal it intheir quarterly and annual earnings releases so that investors can make 49 judgments aboutcompany performance and how it compares with that of industry peers. But most companies 50believe that measuring customer value is too difficult or costly. They continue to rely on acenturies-old accounting tradition that emphasizes physical and financial assets, and neither incomestatements nor balance sheets offer much 51 into the value of a company’s customers.As investors wake up to the importance of customer value, however, many growth-stage52 in growing the value of their customer base.companies now direct investors’ attention toSome public companies increasingly report various types of customer value metrics (指标). One ofthe UK’s top energy suppliers E.ON, 53 , reports year-over-year customer counts in its financialE.ON noted, “we see customer value as crucial to ourreport. “As a customer-focused company,” success.” This is a start, but because there are no customer-value reporting standards or requirements,investors still have a(n) 54 picture. The minority of companies that do provide customer valueinformation decide for themselves what to disclose. 55 , firms may calculate customer metricsdifferently or change them to tell a desired story, or simply stop reporting them if they fail to go withthe company’s preferred narrative.41. A. item B. version C. term D. definition42. A. persuading B. consulting C. acquiring D. inspecting43. A. Considerate B. Visionary C. Determined D. Powerful44. A. resist B. relieve C. intensify D. maintain45. A. raise B. adopt C. calculate D. destroy46. A. income B. experience C. productivity D. demand47. A. separate B. substitute C. forbid D. combine48. A. appeal to B. rely on C. put down D. scare off49. A. informed B. subjective C. definitive D. independent50. A. fully B. hardly C. readily D. wrongly51. A. suspicion B. extension C. literacy D. visibility52. A. sacrifice B. success C. prejudice D. expense53. A. as a result B. for example C. on the contrary D. in general54. A. incomplete B. depressing C. convincing D. vivid55. A. Instead B. Further C. Otherwise D. ThereforeSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions orunfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose theone that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)Aristotle thought the face was a window onto a person’s mind. Cicero agreed. Two thousand years passed, and facial expressions are still commonly thought to be a universally valid way tofeelings, irrespective of age, sex and culture. A raised eyebrow suggestsjudge other people’sconfusion. A smile indicates happiness.Or do they? An analysis of hundreds of research papers that examined the relationship betweenfacial expressions and underlying emotions has uncovered a surprising conclusion: there is no goodscientific evidence to suggest that there are such things as recognizable facial expressions for basicemotions which are universal across cultures. Just because a person is not smiling, the researchersfound, does not mean that person is unhappy.This may raise questions about the efforts of information-technology companies to developartificial-intelligence algorithms(算法) which can recognize facial expressions and work out aperson’si s able tounderlying emotional state. Microsoft, for example, claims its “Emotion A PI” detect what people are feeling by examining video footage of them. Another of the study’s however, expressed scepticism. Aleix Martinez, a computer engineer at Ohio State University, saidthat companies attempting to obtain emotions from images of faces have failed to understand theimportance of context.For a start, facial expression is but one of a number of non-verbal ways，such as body posture,that people use to communicate with each other. Machine recognition of emotion needs to takeaccount of these as well. But context can reach further than that. Dr Martinez mentioned anexperiment in which participants were shown a close-up picture of a man’s face, which was brightred with his mouth open in a scream. Based on this alone, most participants said the man wasextremely angry. Then the whole picture was shown. It was a football player with his armsoutstretched, celebrating a goal. His angry-looking face was, in fact, a show of pure joy.Given that people cannot guess each other’s emotional states most of the time, Dr Martinez seesnow claiming to be able to do thatno reason computers would be able to. “There are companies rightand apply this to places I find really scary and dangerous, for example, in hiring people,”“Some companies require you to present a video resume, which is analyzed by a machine-learningsystem. And depending on your facial expressions, they hire you or not, which I find reallyshocking.”56. We can learn from the second paragraph that __________.A. facial expressions are universal across culturesB. it is hard to recognize some facial expressionsC. emotions and facial expressions may not be relatedD. common facial expressions convey similar meanings57. In the passage, the word “scepticism” (paragraph 3) is closest in meaning to “__________”．A. similar interestB. fierce angerC. strong supportD. great doubt58. The experiment mentioned by Dr Martinez may prove that ___________.A. facial expression is an important way to communicateB. machine recognition of emotion is not reliable at allC. facial expression is not the only way to detect feelingsD. people may misread facial expressions for lack of context59. What does this passage mainly tell us?A. Facial expressions are among the most universal forms of body language.B. Computers can detect people’s mind by analyzing their facial expressions.C. Facial expressions may not be the reliable reflection of a person’s emotions.D. Companies can depend on machine recognition of emotion to hire people.(B)IMPROVE YOUR WRITING WRITING INSPIRA TION GET PUBLISHED RESOURCESFounded in 1887, The Writer aims to expand and support the work of professional writers witha straightforward presentation of industry information, writing instruction and professional andfind everythingpersonal motivation. If you’re passionate about books, authors, and writing, you’llyou need within our pages 12 times a year.Our editors are interested in query letters (投稿信) on concrete topics written by emerging andexperienced writers. We are looking for clear takeaway for our readers: What can they learn toimprove their writing or advance their careers? What specific how-to tips and strategies willaccomplish this?In addition to a fleshed-out outline of your story idea and an estimated word count, queriesshould include a brief description of your background. For personal essays, we prefer writers toattach or paste the finished piece in their query email. We do not accept material that has beenpreviously published in any form in print or online.Queries should be sent by e-mail to tweditorial@. All queries sent to any otheraddress will be deleted.Unfortunately, we receive hundreds of letters every week and cannot respond to all of them. Ifyou haven’t heard from us in two weeks, please feel free to move your submission (投稿) to anotherpublication. If you’re unfamiliar with our magazine, we recommend reading a few issues, subscribing, or at least signing up for our newsletter to get a feel for the kind of work we publish.Article lengths vary widely from 300 to 3,000 words.We recommend writers ask themselves the following questions before querying. It isn’tnecessary to include them in your query, but we find it’s a good way tohelp us understand how yourpiece best fits in our pages:?How specifically will this story idea help our readers become more informed writers??Why is this particular idea timely or relevant??Why are you the perfect person to write this piece?We prefer electronic queries. Please do not mail queries.Payment varies.Thank you for considering a submission to The Writer magazine, the voice of imagination,creation, and publication since 1887.60. According to the passage, The Writer magazine __________.A. provides practical suggestions on a writing careerB. responds to all the query letters from the readersC. introduces successful writers and their works onlyD. prefers handwritten queries to electronic ones61. When sending a query letter, a contributor must ________.A. answer the three questions firstB. attach a printed version of the storyC. subscribe to the magazineD. include a brief self-introduction62. What is this passage mainly about?A. Magazine recommendations.B. Submission guidelines.C. Published stories.D. Subscription information.(C)There has, in recent years, been an outpouring of information about the impact of buildings onthe natural environment. Information which explains and promotes green and sustainableconstruction design, strives to convince others of its efficacy(功效) and warns of the dangers ofignoring the issue. Seldom do these documents offer any advice to practitioners, such as thosedesigning mechanical and electrical systems for a building, on how to use this knowledge on apractical level.Although there are a good many advocates of “green” construction in the architectural industry, able to list enough reasons why buildings should be designed in a sustainable way, not to mentionplenty of architectural firms with experience in green design, this is not enough to make greenconstruction come into being. The driving force behind whether a building is constructed withminimal environmental impact lies with the owner of the building; that is, the person financing theproject. If the owner considers green design unimportant, or of secondary importance, then morethan likely, it will not be factored into the design.The commissioning (委任) process plays a key role in ensuring the owner gets the building hewants, in terms of design, costs and risk. At the predesign stage, the owner’s objectives andexpectations are discussed and documented. This gives a design team a solid foundation on whichthey can build their ideas. Owners who skip the commissioning process, or fail to take “gre into account when doing so, often come a cropper once their building is up and running. Materialsand equipment are installed as planned, and, at first glance, appear to fulfil their purpose adequately.However, in time, the owner realizes that operational and maintenance costs are higher thannecessary, and that the occupants are dissatisfied with the results. These factors in turn lead to higherownership costs as well as increased environmental impact.In some cases, an owner may be aware of the latest trends in sustainable building design.However, firms should not take it as read that the client already has an idea of how green he intendsthe structure to be. Indeed, this initial interaction between owner and firm is the ideal time for aobjectives, thusdesigner to outline and promote the ways that green design can meet the client’sturning a project originally not destined for green design into a potential candidate.Typically, when considering whether or not to adopt a green approach, an owner will ask aboutadditional costs or return for investment. In a typical project, landscape architects, mechanical andelectrical engineers do not become involved until a much later stage. However, in green design, theymust be involved from the outset, since green design demands interaction between these disciplines.This increased cooperation clearly requires additional cost. However, there may be financialadvantage for the client in choosing a greener design. There are examples of green designs whichhave demonstrated lower costs for long-term operation, ownership and even construction.63. What is the main reason for the lack of green buildings being designed according to the passage?A. Few firms have enough experience in designing and constructing green buildings.B. Construction companies are unaware of the benefits of sustainable designs.C. Firms do not get to decide whether a building is to be constructed sustainably.D. Firms tend to convince clients that other factors are more important than sustainability.come a cropper” probably means ________.64. The phrase “A. experience misfortuneB. change one’s mindC. notice the benefitsD. make a start65. Which of the following can be inferred from the passage?A. Most clients have a clear idea of whether they want a green building at the beginning.B. Green buildings are most likely to cost more money than conventional buildings.C. The commissioning process offers a good opportunity to bring up the subject of green design.D. Firms should avoid working with clients who reject green designs in their buildings.66. The writer’s main purpose is to ________.A. explain the importance of communication when a building is commissionedB. emphasize the importance of green building design in protecting the environmentC. explain to building owners why ignoring green issues is costly and dangerousD. inform professionals how they can influence clients to choose greener designsSection CDirections: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box.Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.A. The cultural breakthrough came in 2014 with a very specific podcast—Serial.B. But if you are a celebrity, podcasts can provide a new branch of business.C. And now, despite the growth in smartphones offering high-definition pictures, thepopularity of podcasts is booming.D. Now the boom in podcasting embraces a huge range of talent, from professionalbroadcasters to enthusiasts offering insights on anything and everything.E. Podcasts offer a chance to speak to a very precise selection of people.F. But where did this trend for making portable audio programmes begin?The Podcast (播客) BoomDo you prefer to watch TV or listen to the radio? There was a time when some people thoughtmoving pictures would spell the end of tuning in to the radio for entertainment and information. Butradio survived and boomed. (67) ____________________Perhaps the growth in podcasting is not surprising—it offers a digital audio file that can bedownloaded and stored for listening at any time. It can also be streamed from the internet and playednot just broadcasters, like the BBC, who are producingon a computer or MP3 player. And it’spodcasts: now commercial broadcasters, individuals and companies with no connection tobroadcasting are making them. In fact, anyone with something to say, and a few pounds to spend onthe equipment, can get involved.The digital audio files are cheap to produce and, thanks to the internet, easy to distribute. (68)____________________ Journalist Ben Hammersley told the BBC that “two changes transformed the market—one cultural and one technical.” A technical breakthrough came in 2012 when Appleproduced the iPhone podcast app, which proved a popular library system for listeners. This wasfollowed by a dramatic improvement in inexpensive recording production and editing equipment.Finally, the development of 4G mobile phone connections and widespread wi-fi meant listenerscould browse, download or stream shows whenever they wanted.(69) ____________________ It was a piece of investigative journalism hosted by Sarah Koenig,telling a non-fiction story over multiple episodes (集). To date, the first and second seasons of theshow have had more than 340 million downloads. Advertisers soon realized the money-makingpotential of this and other successful podcasts. And where the audience goes, the money follows.From 2017 to 2018 advertising spending on podcasts in the UK went from $10.6m(￡8.5m) to$19.7m, an 85% increase, according to Ovum.(70) ____________________ In fact, as Ben Hammersley explains, podcasting has broughtpeople into broadcasting who would normally never have seen the inside of a recording studio.“There are of course professional podcasters, but there are many more people who create qualitycontent and do it for nothing,” he says. “And that is changing not just the way we listen to audio but the way the broadcasting industry works.”IV．Summary Writing。
2020届上海市徐汇中学西校区高三英语二模试题及答案
2020届上海市徐汇中学西校区高三英语二模试题及答案第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项AIt's time to put your two-wheeler to good use on these fun bike paths — each varying in distance and difficulty. Just choose one fit for you.• Paulinskill Valley TrailCheck out Paulinskill Valley Trail, filled with forests, wetlands, and small townsalong this 25- mile route. While the trail is mostly flat, you can do a quick ride. You're likely to catch sight of beautiful birds, considering more than 100 species find a home in the land near the path. Check out the trail in the fall - prime time for pretty sights.•AlaHele MakalaeOn theislandofKaui, you'll find a bike path with lots of beachy views that'll leave you feeling accomplished yet calm. The name translates to “The Path that Goes By Coast,” and, as you might guess, the seven-mile path hugs the shoreline. Start early enough and you'll witness an incredible sunrise to make it even more amazing,• TheCheaha RouteThis ride covers up to 126 miles, with steep climbs and extreme downhills along the way. So prepare for a thrilling ride - one that’s not necessarily for the inexperienced or those looking for an easy, casual ride. Along the route, you'll pedal through five towns. The journey is worth it, though, because you get some of the most scenic views in the state.• The Whitefish TrailFamous for its countless route options, whether you’re a new biker looking for smooth tracks or you have more experience and want to play around on rocky, more technical land, this bike path brings in lots of visitors. The 43-mile route offers beautiful green scenery. Around every comer, you’ll see a new jaw-dropping landscape, from glassy lakes to green mountains.1. When is the best time to visit Paulinskill Valley Trail?A. In Autumn.B. All year round.C. On early mornings.D. On sunny days.2. Which route is not fit for someone new to cycling?A. The Whitefish Trail.B. Ala Hele Makalae.C. Paulinskill Valley Trail.D. TheCheaha Route.3. What's the common feature of the four routes?A. They are full of challenges.B. Various route options are offered.C. They have beautiful scenery.D. Different species can be found there.BYou've probably heard it suggested that you need to move more throughout the day, and as a general rule of thumb, that "more" is often defined as around 10,000 steps. With many Americans tracking their stepsvia new fitness-tracking wearables, or even just by carrying their phone, more and more people use the 10,000-step rule as their marker for healthy living. Dr. Dreg Hager, professor of computer science at Johns Hopkins, decided to take a closer look at that 10,000-step rule, and he found that usingitas a standard may be doing more harm than good for many.“It turns out that in 1960 in Japan they figured out that the average Japanese man, when he walked 10,000 steps a day burned something like 3,000 calories and that is what they thought the average person should consume so they picked 10,000 steps as a number” Hager said.According to Hager, asking everyone to shoot for 10,000 steps each day could be harmful to the elderly or those with medical conditions, making it unwise for them to jump into that level of exercise, even if it's walking. The bottom line is that 10,000 steps may be too many for some and too few for others. He also noted that those with shorter legs have an easier time hitting the 10,000-step goal because they have to take more steps than people with longer legs to cover the distance. It seems that 10,000 steps may be suitable for the latter.A more recent study focused on older women and how many steps can help maintain good health and promote longevity (长寿).The study included nearly 17,000 women with an average age of 72. Researchers found that women who took 4,400 steps per day were about 40% less likely to die during a follow-up period of just over four years: Interestingly, women in the study who walked more than 7,500 steps each day got no extra boost in longevity.4. What does the underlined word "it' in Paragraph 1 refer to?A. The phone recording.B. The 10,000-step rule.C. The healthy living.D. The fitness-tracking method.5. What does Paragraph 2 mainly talk about?A. How many steps a Japanese walks.B. How we calculate the number of steps.C. If burning 3,000 calories daily is scientific.D. Where 10,000 steps a day came from.6. Who will probably benefit from 10,000 steps each day according toHager?A. Senior citizens.B. Young short-legged people.C. Healthy long-legged peopleD. Weak individuals.7. How many steps may the researchers suggest senior citizens take each day?A. 4,400 steps.B. 10,000 steps.C. 2,700 steps.D. 7,500 steps.CVolunteer DayWhat better way is there to enjoy your own hobbies while helping others at the same time? Come to Volunteer Day and choose which activity you’d like to join for the day. See below for a schedule of events on Volunteer Day.Volunteer Day schedule:7:30am.: Meet at the Community (社区) Center for juice and bagels.8:00—8:30 a.m.: Choose which activity you’d like to help with for the day.8:30 a.m.: Board the bus to your activity site.9:00 a.m.—3:30 p.m.: Work as a volunteer.3:30 p.m.: Board the bus that will take you back to the Community Center.See below for a list of volunteer opportunities for Volunteer Day so you can begin thinking about which activity you might want to join.A list of volunteer activities:Paint houses: Do you enjoy making art? If so, this volunteer opportunity might be just right for you! Happy Homes is a local organization that provides home repairs for needy people in the form of painting. For elderly or physically disabled people who cannot do repairs to their homes, Happy Homes provides volunteer painters to repaint old homes; outside or in. Happy Homes also provides painters to create beautiful wall paintings inside schools or community centers.Plant flowers: Do you enjoy being outside in nature? City Parks Association has many great opportunities for people who love to be outdoors. Help plant flowers and bushes in city parks; help lay paths at Cave Springs Park, or help pick up rubbish around the river banks. These activities are very active, so remember to be prepared withplenty of drinking water!Read to children: Do you enjoy working with young children? Do you like books? Love and Learning is an organization that provides volunteers to help children with learning disabilities. Read books out loud to groups of children four to six years old, or read one-on-one with struggling readers seven to eight years old.Play with animals: Do you love animals? Lovely Friends is an organization that visits local animal shelters and provides volunteers to spend time with the animals while their cages are being cleaned. Play with puppies, snuggle with cats, or hand-feed rabbits.8. At what time do volunteers leave for their activity sites?A. 7:30 a.m..B. 8:00 a.m.C. 8:30 a.m.D. 9:00 a.m.9. An outdoor lover probably takes part in ______.A. Plant flowersB. Paint housesC. Read to childrenD. Play with animals10. What do Lovely Friends volunteers do?A. Read books to children.B. Spend time with animals.C. Help plant bushes in parks.D. Pick up garbage along the river.11. The purpose of the passage is to _________.A. educate childrenB. attract volunteersC. comfort the elderlyD. encourage the disabledDLearning to say “yes, and”When I first heard about the improvisation (即兴交流) class, I was hesitating. As a quiet and shy girl, I feared improvising in front of strangers. However,I knew I wanted to work as a science communicator after finishing my Ph.D., so it seemed like a perfect opportunity to learn how to speak and communicate with others effectively. I signed up, knowing the experience would give me help.During our first class, we learned an important concept of improvisation: “yes, and.” It means that, as improvisers, we’d better accept what fellow performers say. If someone says that rhinos (犀牛) are librarians, for example, then rhinos are librarians. We do not question the logic; we say “yes” and then continue with the scene as if nothing is wrong.The first few scenes were hard, but as weeks turned into months, I became more comfortable andevenstarted to enjoy our classes. I became better at listening, relating to my conversation partners, and communicating clearly in the moment. Once when I was giving a presentation about my science, an audience member surprised me with a question that didn’t grow out of the information I’d presented. Instead of getting confused and nervous, I took the “yes, and” approach—accepting the question and letting my mind focus on why it was asked. That helped me find an appropriate answer. I got pretty excited about it.The benefits of improvisation go beyond communication. Before attending the class, I would get stuck when my experiments produced unexpected data, thinking that I had made a mistake. But now, instead of getting discouraged, I will stay open to the possibility that the results are real, keep exploring the data and end up identifying a new type of cell—one that isn’t behaving as expected.I think all scientists can benefit from this lesson. If the data say rhinos are librarians, then it’s worth findingout whether rhinos are, in fact, librarians. As scientists, our job isn’t to challenge data that support a preconceived (先入为主的) story, but to say “yes, and.”12. Why did the author attend the improvisation class?A. To get a different experience.B. To finish her Ph.D. at university.C. To give up her job as a science communicator.D. To improve her speaking and communicating ability.13. What was the author’s change after attending the improvisation class?A. She formed her own idea quickly.B. She came up with lots of creative responses.C. She paid more attention to the logic of answers.D. She became a good listener before giving an opinion.14. The author mentions applying the “yes, and” approach to her scientific experiments to ______.A. explain the process of using the methodB. prove the benefits of the improvisation classC. share her own research experiences with readersD. attract fellow scientists to attend the improvisation class15. What can be inferred about scientists from the last paragraph?A. They should attend the improvisation class.B. They should question all preconceived ideas.C. They should carry on research by admitting earlier data.D. They should try to improve their professional knowledge.第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
2020徐汇英语二模高三答案
2020徐汇英语二模高三答案1、This pair of shoes only _______ me 10 yuan. [单选题] *A. spentB. tookC. paidD. cost(正确答案)2、My brother often does ______ homework first after school.（）[单选题] *A. heB. his(正确答案)C. sheD. her3、How beautiful the flowers are! Let’s take some _______. [单选题] *A. photos(正确答案)B. potatoesC. paintingsD. tomatoes4、32．Mr. Black is ______ now, so he wants to go to a movie with his son. [单选题] * A．busyB．free(正确答案)C．healthyD．right5、The family will have _______ good time in Shanghai Disneyland. [单选题] *A. theB. a(正确答案)C. anD. /6、——Can you come on Monday or Tuesday? ——Im afraid（）of them is possible. [单选题] *A.neither(正确答案)B. eitherC. noneD.both7、My brother usually _______ his room after school. But now he _______ soccer. [单选题] *A. cleans; playsB. cleaning; playingC. cleans; is playing(正确答案)D. cleans; is playing the8、Do you know what（）the change in his attitude? [单选题] *A. got throughB. brought about(正确答案)C. turned intoD. resulted from9、—Judging from ____ number of bikes, there are not many people in the party.—I think so. People would rather stay at home in such _____ weather. [单选题] *A. the, aB. a, /C. the, /(正确答案)D. a, a10、27．My father is a professor and he works in__________ university. [单选题] *A．a (正确答案)B．anC．/D．the11、He has made a lot of films, but ____ good ones. [单选题] *A. anyB. someC. few(正确答案)D. many12、Nick has always been good _______ finding cheap flights. [单选题] *A. at(正确答案)B. forC. withD. to13、We moved to the front row_____we could hear and see better. [单选题] *A. so asB. so that(正确答案)C. becauseD. such that14、Tom didn’t _______ his exam again. It was a pity. [单选题] *A. failB. winC. pass(正确答案)D. beat15、Can you tell me how the accident _______? [单选题] *A. came about(正确答案)B. came backC. came downD. came from16、She _______ so much _______ her mother. [单选题] *A. looks; like(正确答案)B. looks; forC. looks; afterD. looks forwards; to17、He always ______ the teacher carefully in class. [单选题] *A. listensB. listens to(正确答案)C. hearsD. hears of18、I don't know the man _____ you are talking about. [单选题] *A. who'sB. whose(正确答案)C. whomD. which19、14．He is cutting the apple ________ a knife. [单选题] *A．inB．toC．with(正确答案)D．by20、Many people believe that _________one has, _______ one is, but actually it is not true. [单选题] *A. the more money ; the happier(正确答案)B. the more money ; the more happyC. the less money ; the happierD. the less money ; the more happy21、Don’t swim in the river. It’s too _______. [单选题] *A. interestingB. easyC. difficultD. dangerous(正确答案)22、—Do you know ______ box it is? —It is ______.（）[单选题] *A. who; myB. whose; meC. who; herD. whose; hers(正确答案)23、—What’s wrong with you, Mike?—I’m really tired because I studied for today’s test ______ midnight last night. （）[单选题] *A. althoughB. unlessC. until(正确答案)D. so that24、Tom’s sister is a nurse. I met _______ in the street yesterday . [单选题] *A. sheB. hersC. himD. her(正确答案)25、If the trousers are too long, ask the clerk to bring you a shorter _____. [单选题] *A. suitB.setC.oneD.pair(正确答案)26、He _______ getting up early. [单选题] *A. used toB. is used to(正确答案)C. is usedD. is used for27、______ visitors came to take photos of Hongyandong during the holiday. [单选题] *A. ThousandB. Thousand ofC. ThousandsD. Thousands of(正确答案)28、I don’t like playing chess. It is _______. [单选题] *A. interestingB. interestedC. boring(正确答案)D. bored29、Do not _______ me to help you unless you work harder. [单选题] *A. expect(正确答案)B. hopeC. dependD. think30、I _______ seeing you soon. [单选题] *A. look afterB. look forC. look atD. look forward to(正确答案)。
2020届徐汇区高三英语二模(含答案)
2019 学年第二学期徐汇区学习能力诊断卷高三英语试卷（满分140 分，考试时间120 分钟）2020.5I.Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. To answer the door. B. To fix the doorbell.C. To get a job.D. To ask for instructions.2. A. At the airport. B. In a restaurant.C. In a booking office.D. At the hotel reception.3. A. She has lost a lot of weight. B. She lost some money last year.C. She spent a lot on cosmetic surgery.D. She is having health problems.4. A. Taking photographs. B. Downloading images.C. Fixing cameras.D. Painting pictures.5. A. The woman is going to hold a party tomorrow.B.The man asks the woman not to attend the party.C.The woman doesn’t know how to get to the party.D.The man offers to drive the woman to the party.6. A. Tokyo is a city with a short history.B.He can provide little useful information.C.He can show the woman around the city.D.He has lived in Tokyo for a long time.7. A. She will meet the man in his office.B.She has an appointment with the man.C.She had a traffic accident that morning.D.She can’t finish making the jam before 9.8. A. Play some music. B. Remove the power plug.C. Repair the sound box.D. Start the car engine.9. A. She can’t stand the hot weather. B. The beach resort is a better choice.C. She enjoys visiting the art museums.D. The man should develop a taste for art.10. A. He is satisfied with his new job. B. He wants his workload to be shared.C. He doesn’t like his new office.D. He gets pressure from his new position.Section BDirections: In Section B, you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation, and you will be asked several questions on each of the passages and the conversation. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. A promotion of outdoor clothes. B. An introduction of West Virginia.C. A weekend vacation to a f amous resort.D. A free trip to an unknown d estination.12. A. Regretful. B. Frustrating. C. Worthwhile. D. Comfortable.13. A. Mystery trips. B. Outdoor adventures. C. Social media. D. Travel destinations.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14. A. Goods are scarce and hard to get for ordinary consumers.B.People aim for social distinction through what they own.C.Manufacturers make more money by mass production.D.Growth of consumerism is restricted by artificial products.15. A. To cut down on labour costs by reducing working hours.B.To make customers feel they own something rare.C.To increase their coffee price without losing customers.D.To focus more on quality and customer satisfaction.16. A. Consumer awareness. B. Social distinction.C. Artificial scarcity.D. Mass production.Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.17. A. In the gym. B. At a bookstore. C. At the library. D. In the classroom.18. A. Wait for a month. B. Keep the receipt.C. Mark on the book.D. Accept a discount.19. A. The man doesn’t need the book now. B. He’s afraid he might damage the book.C. The book costs too much for him.D. He prefers the edition with footnotes.20. A. Bargain with the woman. B. Go to another bookstore.C. Wrap his book.D. Surf the Internet.II.Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Discovering a Lost BrotherKieron Graham always knew he had an elder brother named Vincent. His adoption papers, (21) (sign) when he was three months old, listed a brother named Vincent but no last name. Though Kieron spent years thinking about Vincent, he could never track him down.That changed in December 2017, when Kieron’s adoptive parents gave him an DNA test as a Christmas gift. When his results came back, he was surprised (22) (find) he had a lot of DNA matches for relatives who had also taken the test. Most were distant connections, but one match was so strong that it (23) (label) “close family.” His name was Vincent Ghant. Kieron looked for him on Facebook and soon made a possible connection.When they connected, it was (24) they had known each other their whole lives. As they talked, the brothers realized they lived about 20 minutes from each other. (25) (surprisingly), they attended the same university and majored and minored in the same subjects.Vincent was nine when Kieron was born and remembers caring for his baby brother. But times were tough, and Shawn, who worked 15-plus hours a day as a nurse, decided that (26) (place) Kieron for adoption would give him the best chance to succeed.“She was very emotional about that time, to the point (27) it was hard for her to put into words anything about what happened,” Vincent says.Now the brothers had the chance to make up for lost time. They decided to meet at a local tea shop that week. One of Vincent’s concerns was that Kieron (28) hate his birth family for placing him for adoption. He was relieved Kieron didn’t, and (29) he’d grown up in a loving family. After that first meeting, the br others played football together and celebrated Christmas with their families. “We’ll keep growing our relationship (30) it’s time to leave this planet,” says Vincent. That shouldn’t be hard. As Kieron says, “We’ve got years and years to catch up on.”Section BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Why Humpback Whales (座头鲸) Protect Other Species from Killer WhalesRobert Pitman, a marine ecologist, describes an encounter he witnessed in Antarctica in 2009. A group of killer whales were attacking a Weddell seal. The seal swam 31 toward a pair of humpbacks that had inserted themselves into the action. One of the humpbacks rolled over on its back, and the seal was 32 onto its chest, between the whale’s massive flippers ( 鳍). “That incident 33 m e,” he says. “Those humpbacks were doing something we couldn’t explain.”Pitman started asking other researchers and whale watchers to send him similar 34 . Soon he was reading through observations of 115 encounters between humpbacks and killer whales, recorded over 62 years. “There are some pretty astonishing videos of humpbacks 35 killer whales,” he says.In a 2016 article in Marine Mammal Science, a famous scientific journal, Pitman and his co-authors describe this behaviour and confirm that such acts of do-gooding are widespread. But knowing that something is happening and understanding why it’s happening are two different things. Pitman and his co-authors openly reflected on the meaning of these encounters. “Why,” they wrote, “would humpback s 36 interfere with attacking killer whales, spending time and energy on a potentially 37 activity, especially when the killer whales… were attacking other species of prey?”Interestingly, humpbacks don’t just hit on killer-whale attacks. They race toward them like firefighters into burning buildings. And like those rescue workers, humpbacks don’t know who is in danger until they get there. That’s because the sound that 38 them to an attack isn’t the sad voice of the victim. It’s the excited calls of the killer whales. Pitman believes humpbacks have one simple instruction: “When you hear killer whales attacking, go break i t up.”I wonder what humpback whales care deeply enough about to actively swim into battle with killer whales. When I ask Pitman, he tells me that, it still comes down to selfishly 39 their own kind. He believes that their occasional rescues of humpback calves ( 后代) create a strong enough 40 for them to rush in to help, even if it means they end up saving sunfish, sea lions, dolphins every now and then.III.Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.The true purpose of a business, Peter Drucker said, is to create and keep customers. “Customer value” has severaldefinitions. I use the 41 to mean the total lifetime value of a company’s customer base. Companies can increase this value by 42 more customers, earning more business from existing ones, keeping them longer, making their experience simpler through digital improvements and so on. 43 leaders have long understood the importance of concentrating on customer value rather than pursuing short-term profits or quarterly earnings, and they’ve become enduring customer loyalty leaders in the process. It’s worth noting that a number of loyalty-leading companies are able to 44 shareholder pressure, or avoid it altogether, because they are founder-led, customer-owned, or not publicly traded.Companies can 45 customer value in a variety of ways: To increase 46 , enterprise software companies sometimes charge corporate customers change fees that can raise the total cost of ownership to as much as three times the original price. To reduce operating costs, restaurant chains sometimes 47 frozen and precooked ingredients in place of fresh and made-to-order food. The resulting profits may look good on the income statement. Such strategies may even lead to short-term earnings growth. But they also 48 potential customers and encourage disloyalty.Given the importance of customer value, leaders should track it as much as they track other key assets (资产), such as buildings, machinery, and marketable securities. They also should reveal it in their quarterly and annual earnings releases so that investors can make 49 judgments about company performance and how it compares with that of industry peers. But most companies 50 believe that measuring customer value is too difficult or costly. They continue to rely on a centuries-old accounting tradition that emphasizes physical and financial assets, and neither income statements nor balance sheets offer much 51 into the value of a company’s customers.As investors wake up to the importance of customer value, however, many growth-stage companies now direct investors’ attention to52 in growing the value of their customer base. Some public companies increasingly report various types of customer value metrics ( 指标). One of the UK’s top energy suppliers E.ON, 53 , reports year-over-year customer counts in its financial report. “As a customer-focused company,” E.ON noted, “we see customer value as crucial to our success.”This is a start, but because there are no customer-value reporting standards or requirements, investors still have a(n)54 picture. The minority of companies that do provide customer value information decide for themselves what to disclose.55 , firms may calculate customer metrics differently or change them to tell a desired story, or simply stop reporting them if they fail to go with the company’s preferred narrative.41. A. item B. version C. term D. definition42. A. persuading B. consulting C. acquiring D. inspecting43. A. Considerate B. Visionary C. Determined D. Powerful44. A. resist B. relieve C. intensify D. maintain45. A. raise B. adopt C. calculate D. destroy46. A. income B. experience C. productivity D. demand47. A. separate B. substitute C. forbid D. combine48. A. appeal to B. rely on C. put down D. scare off49. A. informed B. subjective C. definitive D. independent50. A. fully B. hardly C. readily D. wrongly51. A. suspicion B. extension C. literacy D. visibility52. A. sacrifice B. success C. prejudice D. expense53. A. as a result B. for example C. on the contrary D. in general54. A. incomplete B. depressing C. convincing D. vivid55. A. Instead B. Further C. Otherwise D. ThereforeSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)Ar istotle thought the face was a window onto a person’s mind. Cicero agreed. Two thousand years passed, and facial expressions are still commonly thought to be a universally valid way to judge other people’s feelings, irrespective of age, sex and culture. A raised eyebrow suggests confusion. A smile indicates happiness.Or do they? An analysis of hundreds of research papers that examined the relationship between facial expressions and underlying emotions has uncovered a surprising conclusion: there is no good scientific evidence to suggest that there are such things as recognizable facial expressions for basic emotions which are universal across cultures. Just because aperson is not smiling, the researchers found, does not mean that person is unhappy.This may raise questions about the efforts of information-technology companies to develop artificial-intelligence algorithms (算法) which can recognize facial expressions and work out a person’s underlying emotional state. Microsoft, for example, claims its “Emotion API” is able to detect what people are feeling by examining video footage of them. Another of the study’s authors, however, expressed scepticism. Aleix Martinez, a computer engineer at Ohio State University, said that companies attempting to obtain emotions from images of faces have failed to understand the importance of context.For a start, facial expression is but one of a number of non-verbal ways，such as body posture, that people use to communicate with each other. Machine recognition of emotion needs to take account of these as well. But context can reach further than that. Dr Martinez mentioned an experiment in which participants were shown a close-up picture of a man’s face, which was bright red with his mouth open in a scream. Based on t his alone, most participants said the man was extremely angry. Then the whole picture was shown. It was a football player with his arms outstretched, celebrating a goal. His angry-looking face was, in fact, a show of pure joy.Given that people cannot gues s each other’s emotional states most of the time, Dr Martinez sees no reason computers would be able to. “There are companies right now claiming to be able to do that and apply this to places I find really scary and dangerous, for example, in hiring peopl e,” he says. “Some companies require you to present a video resume, which is analyzed by a machine-learning system. And depending on your facial expressions, they hire you or not, which I find really shocking.”56.We can learn from the second paragraph that .A. facial expressions are universal across culturesB. it is hard to recognize some facial expressionsC. emotions and facial expressions may not be relatedD. common facial expressions convey similar meanings57.In the passage, the word “scepticism” (parag raph 3) is closest in meaning to “”.A. similar interestB. fierce angerC. strong supportD. great doubt58.The experiment mentioned by Dr Martinez may prove that .A. facial expression is an important way to communicateB. machine recognition of emotion is not reliable at allC. facial expression is not the only way to detect feelingsD. people may misread facial expressions for lack of context59.What does this passage mainly tell us?A.Facial expressions are among the most universal forms of body language.B.C omputers can detect people’s mind by analyzing their facial expressions.C.Facial expressions may not be the reliable reflection of a person’s emotions.panies can depend on machine recognition of emotion to hire people.(B)IMPROVE YOUR WRITING WRITING INSPIRATION GET PUBLISHED RESOURCESFounded in 1887, The Writer aims to expand and support the work of professional writers with a straightforward presentation of industry information, writing instruction and professional and personal motivation. If you’re passionate about books, authors, and writing, you’ll find everything you need within our pages 12 times a year.Our editors are interested in query letters ( 投稿信) on concrete topics written by emerging and experienced writers. We are looking for clear takeaway for our readers: What can they learn to improve their writing or advance their careers? What specific how-to tips and strategies will accomplish this?In addition to a fleshed-out outline of your story idea and an estimated word count, queries should include a brief description of your background. For personal essays, we prefer writers to attach or paste the finished piece in their query email. We do not accept material that has been previously published in any form in print or online.Queries should be sent by e-mail to tweditorial@. All queries sent to any other address will be deleted.Unfortunately, we receive hundreds of letters every week and cannot respond to all of them. If you haven’t heard from us in two weeks, please feel free to move your submission ( 投稿) to another publication. If you’re unfamiliar with our magazine, we recommend reading a few issues, subscribing, or at least signing up for our newsletter to get a feel for the kind of work we publish.Article lengths vary widely from 300 to 3,000 words.We recommend writers ask themselves the following questions before querying. It isn’t necessary to include them in your query, but we find it’s a good way to help us understand how your piece best fits in our pages: •How specifically will this story idea help our readers become more informed writers?•Why is this particular idea timely or relevant?•Why are you the perfect person to write this piece?We prefer electronic queries. Please do not mail queries.Payment varies.Thank you for considering a submission to The Writer magazine, the voice of imagination, creation, and publication since 1887.60.According to the passage, The Writer magazine .A.provides practical suggestions on a writing careerB.responds to all the query letters from the readersC.introduces successful writers and their works onlyD.prefers handwritten queries to electronic ones61.When sending a query letter, a contributor must .A. answer the three questions firstB. attach a printed version of the storyC. subscribe to the magazineD. include a brief self-introduction62.What is this passage mainly about?A. Magazine recommendations.B. Submission guidelines.C. Published stories.D. Subscription information.(C)There has, in recent years, been an outpouring of information about the impact of buildings on the naturalenvironment. Information which explains and promotes green and sustainable construction design, strives to convince others of its efficacy (功效) and warns of the dangers of ignoring the issue. Seldom do these documents offer any advice to practitioners, such as those designing mechanical and electrical systems for a building, on how to use this knowledge on a practical level.Although there are a good many advocates of “green” construction in the architectural industry, able to list enough reasons why buildings should be designed in a sustainable way, not to mention plenty of architectural firms with experience in green design, this is not enough to make green construction come into being. The driving force behind whether a building is constructed with minimal environmental impact lies with the owner of the building; that is, the person financing the project. If the owner considers green design unimportant, or of secondary importance, then more than likely, it will not be factored into the design.The commissioning ( 委任) process plays a key role in ensuring the owner gets the building he wants, in terms of design, costs and risk. At the predesign stage, the owner’s objectives and expectations are discussed and documented. This gives a design team a solid foundation on which they can build their ideas. Owners who skip the commissioning process, or fail to tak e “green” issues into account when doing so, often come a cropper once their building is up and running. Materials and equipment are installed as planned, and, at first glance, appear to fulfil their purpose adequately. However, in time, the owner realizes that operational and maintenance costs are higher than necessary, and that the occupants are dissatisfied with the results. These factors in turn lead to higher ownership costs as well as increased environmental impact.In some cases, an owner may be aware of the latest trends in sustainable building design. However, firms should not take it as read that the client already has an idea of how green he intends the structure to be. Indeed, this initial interaction between owner and firm is the ideal time for a designer to outline and promote the ways that green design can meet the client’s objectives, thus turning a project originally not destined for green design into a potential c andidate.Typically, when considering whether or not to adopt a green approach, an owner will ask about additional costs or return for investment. In a typical project, landscape architects, mechanical and electrical engineers do not become involved until a much later stage. However, in green design, they must be involved from the outset, since green design demands interaction between these disciplines. This increased cooperation clearly requires additional cost. However, there may be financial advantage for the client in choosing a greener design. There are examples of green designs which have demonstrated lower costs for long-term operation, ownership and even construction.63.What is the main reason for the lack of green buildings being designed according to the passage?A.Few firms have enough experience in designing and constructing green buildings.B.Construction companies are unaware of the benefits of sustainable designs.C.Firms do not get to decide whether a building is to be constructed sustainably.D.Firms tend to convince clients that other factors are more important than sustainability.64.The phrase “come a cropper” probably means .A. experience misfortuneB. change one’s mindC. notice the benefitsD. make a start65.Which of the following can be inferred from the passage?A.Most clients have a clear idea of whether they want a green building at the beginning.B.Green buildings are most likely to cost more money than conventional buildings.C.The commissioning process offers a good opportunity to bring up the subject of green design.D.Firms should avoid working with clients who reject green designs in their buildings.66.The writer’s main purpose is to .A.explain the importance of communication when a building is commissionedB.emphasize the importance of green building design in protecting the environmentC.explain to building owners why ignoring green issues is costly and dangerousrm professionals how they can influence clients to choose greener designsSection CDirections: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.A.The cultural breakthrough came in 2014 with a very specific podcast—Serial.B.But if you are a celebrity, podcasts can provide a new branch of business.C.And now, despite the growth in smartphones offering high-definition pictures, the popularity of podcasts is b ooming.D.Now the boom in podcasting embraces a huge range of talent, from professional broadcasters to enthusiasts offering insights on anything and everything.E.Podcasts offer a chance to speak to a very precise selection of people.F.But where did this trend for making portable audio programmes begin?The Podcast (播客) BoomDo you prefer to watch TV or listen to the radio? There was a time when some people thought moving pictures would spell the end of tuning in to the radio for entertainment and information. But radio survived and boomed. (67)Perhaps the growth in podcasting is not surprising—it offers a digital audio file that can be downloaded and stored for listening at any time. It can also be streamed from the internet and played on a computer or MP3 player. And it’s not just broadcasters, like the BBC, who are producing podcasts: now commercial broadcasters, individuals and companies with no connection to broadcasting are making them. In fact, anyone with something to say, and a few pounds to spend on the equipment, can get involved.The digital audio files are cheap to produce and, thanks to the internet, easy to distribute. (68)Journalist Ben Hammersley told the BBC that “two changes transformed the market—one cultural and one technical.” A technical breakthrough came in 2012 when Apple produced the iPhone podcast app, which proved a popular library system for listeners. This was followed by a dramatic improvement in inexpensive recording production and editing equipment. Finally, the development of 4G mobile phone connections and widespread wi-fi meant listeners could browse, download or stream shows whenever they wanted.(69) It was a piece of investigative journalism hosted by Sarah Koenig, telling a non-fiction story over multiple episodes ( 集). To date, the first and second seasons of the show have had more than 340 million downloads. Advertisers soon realized the money-making potential of this and other successful podcasts. And where the audience goes, the money follows. From 2017 to 2018 advertising spending on podcasts in the UK went from $10.6m(£8.5m) to $19.7m, an 85% increase, according to Ovum.(70) In fact, as Ben Hammersley explains, podcasting has brought people into broadcasting who would normally never have seen the inside of a recording studio. “There are of course professional podcasters, but there are many more people who c reate quality content and do it for nothing,” he says. “And that is changing not just the way we listen to audio but the way the broadcasting industry works.”IV.Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Teaching Children about ForgivenessIf you’ve seen your children struggle to forgive someone for hurting them, you know that forgiveness is complicated. After all, forgiveness is complicated for adults, too. At times, we wonder why we’re trying to forgive someone anyway; later, we might think we’ve forgiven them, only to experience a sudden burst of anger. Indeed, it takes many years for us to grasp the meaning of forgiveness as we grow up.It’s understandable that children may feel hurt or angry when a friend does something less-than-kind to them. Maybe the friend said something unkind or broke something precious, embarrassed them, excluded them, or told their secrets. Children may be tempted to get even with a friend who’s done them wrong, by doing something worse or telling everyone how terrible the friend is, but trying to get revenge only escalates (升级) the conflict.Parents can play an important role in teaching children about forgiveness. Children watch how important adults in their lives respond when someone does something unkind. Do they complain to others or speak directly to the person involved? How long does it take them to get over being mad or hurt? How do they get over it? Parents can teach their children about the value of forgiveness by regularly practicing it in their own lives.Sometimes parents can talk with their children about forgiveness, based on where kids are in their cognitive ( 认知的) and emotional development. For example, children need to understand that no one is perfect, so generously forgiving a well-meaning friend is a caring thing to do. If parents can help children see things a little more from other people’s perspective, this will make forgiveness easier. These conversations can change the way children think about forgiveness and help them emotionally recover when they inevitably experience harm and unfair treatment from others in life.。
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2019学年第二学期徐汇区学习能力诊断卷
高三英语答案
I. Listening Comprehension
（每小题1分）1-10 BDAAD BBACD
（每小题1.5分）11-13 DCA14-16 BBC17-20BBDD
II . Grammar and Vocabulary
（每小题1分）
21. signed 22.to find 23. was labeled/labelled24. as if/though
25. More surprisingly 26. placing27. where28. might
29. that30. until/till
31-40 FGCHK BDEJA
III. Reading Comprehension
（每小题1分）41-55 CCBAD ABDAD DBBAB
（每小题2分）56-59 CDDC 60-62 ADB 63-66 CACD 67-70 CFAD
IV. Summary参考答案（仅供阅卷老师参考）
Forgiveness is complicated and children’s understanding of forgiving develops as they grow older. Children may feel angry and want to revenge when they feel hurt or wronged. Parents need to be good role models themselves and have age-appropriate discussions with children to help them see things from other people’s perspective and better understand forgiveness. (54 words)
评分标准:
1. 本题总分为10分, 其中内容5分, 语言5分。
2. 评分时应注意的主要方面: 内容要点、信息呈现的连贯性和准确性。
3. 词数超过60，酌情扣分。
各档次给分要求:
内容部分
A. 能准确、全面地概括文章主旨大意，并涵盖主要信息。
B. 能概括文章主旨大意，但遗漏部分主要信息。
C. 未能准确概括文章主旨大意，遗漏较多主要信息或留有过多细节信息。
D. 几乎不能概括文章的主旨大意，未涉及文中有意义的相关信息。
语言部分
A. 能用自己的语言连贯、正确地表述。
B. 基本能用自己的语言正确地表述，但连贯性较差，有少量不影响表意的语言错误。
C. 基本能用自己的语言表述，但连贯性较差，且严重语言错误较多。
D. 几乎不能用自己的语言连贯、正确地表述。
V. Translation （15分）
1.It is illegal to cover your license plate (number)when (you are) driving.
2.Be sure to weigh the consequences of your decision before you make it.
3.Engaging in art activities not only helps relieve stress and cultivate creativity, but also extends
our life spans / enables us to live longer.
4.In the Internet age/era of unlimited information/flooded with information, we should learn to
think independently and make our own judgments rather than blindly follow the crowd.
Writing：
评分标准：
1. 本题总分为25分，其中内容10分，语言10分，组织结构5分。
2. 评分时应注意的主要方面：内容要点，应用词汇和语法结构的数量和正确性及上下文的连贯性。
3. 评分时，先根据文章的内容和语言初步确定所属档次，然后对照相应的组织结构档次给予加分。
其中，内容和语言两部分相加，得15分或以上者，可考虑加4-5分，15分以下者只能考虑加0，1，2，3分。
4. 词数少于70，总分最多不超过10分。
各档次给分要求
内容部分
A. 内容充实，主题突出，详略得当。
B. 内容基本充实，尚能表达出作文要求。
C. 漏掉或未能写清楚主要内容，有些内容与主题无关。
D. 明显遗漏主要内容，严重离题。
语言部分
A. 具有很好的语言表达能力，语法结构正确或有些小错误，主要因为使用了较复杂结构或
词汇所致。
句子结构多样，词汇丰富。
B. 语法结构和词汇方面有错误，但不影响理解。
句子结构有一定的变化，词汇使用得当。
C. 语法结构与词汇错误较多，影响了对内容的理解。
句子结构单调，词汇较贫乏。
D. 语法结构与词汇的错误很多，影响了对内容的理解。
词不达意。
组织结构部分
A. 自然地使用了语句间的连接成分，全文流畅，结构紧凑。
B. 能使用简单的语句间连接成分，全文内容连贯。
C. 尚能使用语句间连接成分，语言连贯性较差。
D. 缺乏语句间的连接成分，语言不连贯。