定语从句中关系副词的用法

定语从句中关系副词的用法

关系副词，顾名思义，是联系先行词和定语从句的词，属于副词。定语从句中的关系副词有三个：when, where和why，它们在定语从句中分别作时间、地点和原因状语。其句法结构如下：

表时间的名词 + when + 定语从句 time,day,hour,year

when指时间，在定语从句中作时间状语。

例句：I still remember the day when I first came to Beijing.

I’ll never forget the day when I joined the army.

表地点的名词 + where + 定语从句 place,room,house

where指地点，在定语从句中作地点状语。

例句：The factory where his father works is in the west of the city.

This is the house where I lived two years ago.

表原因的名词reason + why + 定语从句(why只用于reason之后的限制性定语从句中,在定语从句中作原因状语。)

例句：That is the reason why I did the job.(在现代英语中why可以省略) 上句也可以这样表示：

That is the reason I did the job.

又如： This was the reason (why )we raised the temperature. 关系副词在定语从句中的用法看似简单，以下注意点不可忽视：

1）当先行词是时间，地点，原因时，并不是一定对应使用when，where，why

The factory ________ I visited is not far from here.

诀窍：1.先找定语从句：____I visited,

2.假设可填入which，which I visited,

which指代factory

3.看定语从句是否完整；I visited the factory。

很完整，which正确，或that

The factory ________ I work is not far from here.

1. ___I work

2. which I work,,,,which指代factory

3.看定语从句是否完整I work the factory.

I work in the factory，可见缺少in

4.因此应该是in which I work=where I work

*I will never forget the day when I first met you on the seashore.

*I will never forget the days which/that we spent together in Xueyao Middle School.

**This is the hospital where my mother works.

**This is the hospital which/that we visited the day before yesterday.

***The reason why he did not go to school is that he was ill.

***This is the reason which/that he gave his boss in the office .

2) “when”、“where”和“why”都可以替换成“介词 + which”，介词的选用取就于先行词和定语从句中的动词。例如：

Do you still remember the day on which we first met in Nantong?(on which=when)

This is the room in which we lived last year.(in which=where)

This is the park _________you took photos last Sunday.

That was the reason________he was late for school.

Do you know the reason for which he refused to go to Mary’s birthday party. (for which=why)

The house which he lives in needs repairing.

The house in which he lives needs repairing.

The house where he lives needs repairing．

The day when Mandela helped him was the happiest day for Jim?

The day on which Mandela helped him was the happiest day for Jim

有时定语从句中介词短语和动词有意义紧密的修饰关系，尤其在非限制性定语从句中，常使用“介词 + which”结构，而不使用关系副词。例如：

My mother works in a factory, in front of which there is a small river.

At night the soldiers got to a small hill, at the foot of which stood a farmhouse.

3）以下名词之后也通常用where/in which引导的定语从句：situation(形势), case（情况,病例，案例）, position（位置，境地）。occasion（场合）等等。

This is the point where I don't agree.

They are in such a situation where everything is out of order.

The police are looking into the case where two VIPs were killed.

They were some occasions where we have to tell some white lies.

4) “that”可活用为关系副词，相当于“when, where、why”和“介词 + which”结构，尤其在“the time when”等结构中的“when”常被“that”代替，而且“that”往往省略。

I may leave here any time I want to.

During the time I was there I visited him twice.

This is my second time I have come to your country.

5) “which”有时可用作关系形容词，这是“which”在非限制性定语从句中的特殊使用，如：

The doctor advised him to give up smoking, which advice he did not follow.