维多利亚时期【英文】
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维多利亚时代【英文】 victorian period
Victorian Period
• Women for suffrage – did not succeed until 1918 (30 & over) • Universal adult suffrage 1928 extended vote to women at age 21 • Factory Acts – limited child & women labor • State supported schools est. in 1870; compulsory in 1880; free in 1891 • Literacy rate increased from 40% to 90% from 1840-1900.
• First Reform Bill in 1832 extended vote to all men who owned property worth 10 lbs • Second Reform Act in 1867 gave the right to vote to working-class men (except agricod
• Intellectual Progress
• Understanding of earth, its creatures & natural laws (geology, Darwin – theory of evolution) • Industrialization of England depended on and supported science and technology.
Victorian Period
• Paradox of progress
• Victorian – synonym for prude; extreme repression; even furniture legs had to be concealed under heavy cloth not to be “suggestive”
The Victorian Period (维多利亚时期)
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Features of Dickens’ Novels 狄更斯文学创作的特色
Sharp social criticism. 尖锐的社会批评 Gentle humanitarian. 温和的人道主义 vivid outward portrayal 生动的人物塑造 Humorous and Pungent irony 幽默辛辣的讽刺
• The best he can do seems to try to retain an optimism with wishful thinking, as in his early works, or to express a helpless indignant protest. At the same time, he hopes to call people‘s attention to the existing social problems, thus affecting some reform。
of cites《双城记》
译文：
那是最美好的时代，那是最糟糕的时代； 那是智慧的年头，那是愚昧的年头；那 是信仰的时期，那是怀疑的时期；那是 光明的季节，那是黑暗的季节；那是希 望的春天，那是失望的冬天；我们拥有 一切，我们一无所有;我们全都在直奔 天堂，我们全都在直奔地狱。
• He lies buried in the Poet’s Corner in London. • The words of his grave read as follows ”by his death one of England’s greatest writers is lost to the world.”
Oliver Twist
Features of Dickens’ Novels 狄更斯文学创作的特色
Sharp social criticism. 尖锐的社会批评 Gentle humanitarian. 温和的人道主义 vivid outward portrayal 生动的人物塑造 Humorous and Pungent irony 幽默辛辣的讽刺
• The best he can do seems to try to retain an optimism with wishful thinking, as in his early works, or to express a helpless indignant protest. At the same time, he hopes to call people‘s attention to the existing social problems, thus affecting some reform。
of cites《双城记》
译文：
那是最美好的时代，那是最糟糕的时代； 那是智慧的年头，那是愚昧的年头；那 是信仰的时期，那是怀疑的时期；那是 光明的季节，那是黑暗的季节；那是希 望的春天，那是失望的冬天；我们拥有 一切，我们一无所有;我们全都在直奔 天堂，我们全都在直奔地狱。
• He lies buried in the Poet’s Corner in London. • The words of his grave read as follows ”by his death one of England’s greatest writers is lost to the world.”
Oliver Twist
维多利亚时代英文介绍
After Albert died she wore black for the rest of her life.
In 1863 John Brown saved Victoria when she was involved in two carriage accidents. They became good friends, and she was so upset when he died in 1883 that she never rode a horse again.
Victoria fell in love with a man called Albert, who was German. She proposed to him in 1840 and they were married soon after.
Victoria and Albert had nine children. Victoria loved having photographs and paintings done of her with Albert and their children. Let’s look at some of them.
The was born in 1882. She had eleven brothers and sisters. When she was young she was never left alone as her mother feared she might be murdered by one of her uncles.
Queen Victoria died in 1901, when she was 83. She was buried in a white dress and her wedding veil. London was decorated in white and purple for the occasion.
维多利亚时代简介(权威英文版)
Victorian Drama
The theater was a flourishing and popular institution during the Victorian period. The popularity of theater influenced other genres. Bernard Shaw and Oscar Wilde transformed British theater with their comic masterpieces.
Charles Darwin(达尔文）
Charles Dickens
(1812-1870)
Charles Dickens
Pickwick Papers (1836-7) 《匹克威克外传》 Oliver Twist (1837-1838)《奥利佛.退斯特》 The Old Curiosity Shop (1841) 《老古玩店》 Dombey and Son:(1846_48) 《董贝父子》 David Copperfield: (1849-50)《大卫*科波菲尔》 Bleak House (1854) 《荒凉山庄》 Hard Times (1854)《艰难时世》 Little Dorrit (1855-57)《小杜丽》 A Tale Of Two Cities (1859) 《双城记》 Great Expectations (1860_61) 《远大前程》
English Literature in the Victorian Period
Queen Victoria
English Literature in the Victorian Period
英美文学选读-英国维多利亚时期
1） Features of the Victorian Literature Victorian literature， as a product of its age， naturally took on its quality of magnitude & diversity. It was many-sided & complex， & reflected both romantically & realistically the great changes that were going on in people''s life & thought. Great writers & great works abounded. （2） Features of Victorian novels In this period， the novel became the most widely read & the most vital & challenging expression of progressive thought. While sticking to the principle of faithful representation of the 18th-century realist novel， novelists in this period carried their duty forward to the criticism of the society & the defense of the mass. Although writing from different points of view & with different techniques， they shared one thing in common， that is， they were all concerned about the fate of the common people. They were angry at the inhuman social institutions， the decaying social morality as represented by the money-worship & Utilitarianism & the widespread misery， poverty & injustice. Their truthful depiction of people''s life & bitter & strong criticism of the society had done much in awakening the public consciousness to the social problems & in the actual improvement of the society. Victorian literature， in general， truthfully represents the reality & spirit of the age. The high-spirited vitality， the down-to-earth earnestness， the good-natured humor & unbounded imagination are all unprecedented. In almost every genre it paved the way for the coming century， where its spirits， values & experiments are to witness their bumper harvest.
The Victorian Age英国文学维多利亚时期
--The 1st Reform Act of 1832 and the 2nd Reform act of 1867 : reform in the electoral system leading to a more democratic society
---,1830, 1850, 1900, Public railway across England and an underground rail system beneath London ---Great Exhibition of 1851 and Crystal Palace (locomotives, machine tools, power looms, reapers, steamboat engines and etc)
huge profit worse living condition workers long-hour working never-adequate food
conflicts
the Chartist Movement
（宪章运动）
What is the Chartist Movement ? 宪章运动
The Victorian age (1832-1901)
◆ Historical Situation An Age of Unrest and Dispute
Social unrest unemployment, poverty, slums in large cites, terrible working conditions; Chartist Movement; petitions for women’s suffrage; the Married Women's Property Acts Intellectual diversity
英国文学维多利亚时期
Works -Hearts of Darkness 《黑暗的心灵》 -Lord Jim 《吉姆爷》
练习
• In the 19th century English literature, a new literary trend ____ appeared. And it flourished in the forties and in the early fifties.
– Works • Tess of the D’urbervilles 《德伯家的苔丝》 • The Return of the Native 《还乡》 • Jude the Obscure 《无名的裘德》 • Far from the Madding Crowd 《远离尘嚣》 • The Mayor of Casterbridge 《卡斯特桥市长》 • Dynasties 《列王》
Victorian poets and poetry
Alfred Tennyson （1809——1892） 阿尔佛 雷德丁尼生 - A representative poet of the Victorian Age. “桂冠诗人”（Poet Laureate）
• Works: • In Memoriam 《悼念》 • The idylls of the King 《国王叙事诗》 • Ulysses 《尤利西斯》
• A. romanticism B. naturalism
• C. realism
D. critical realism
D
练习
• Which of the following writings is not the work by Charles Dickens?
A. A Tale of Two Cities.
练习
• In the 19th century English literature, a new literary trend ____ appeared. And it flourished in the forties and in the early fifties.
– Works • Tess of the D’urbervilles 《德伯家的苔丝》 • The Return of the Native 《还乡》 • Jude the Obscure 《无名的裘德》 • Far from the Madding Crowd 《远离尘嚣》 • The Mayor of Casterbridge 《卡斯特桥市长》 • Dynasties 《列王》
Victorian poets and poetry
Alfred Tennyson （1809——1892） 阿尔佛 雷德丁尼生 - A representative poet of the Victorian Age. “桂冠诗人”（Poet Laureate）
• Works: • In Memoriam 《悼念》 • The idylls of the King 《国王叙事诗》 • Ulysses 《尤利西斯》
• A. romanticism B. naturalism
• C. realism
D. critical realism
D
练习
• Which of the following writings is not the work by Charles Dickens?
A. A Tale of Two Cities.
victorian era 维多利亚时期介绍
• Population of England
Ireland
•House of Commons
Whigs Tories
1850s Liberals Conservatives
The population of Britain in
Hale Waihona Puke populatioVictorian era
n/million
35
30.5
The sun never sets
• “Russia and the North American plains is our corn, Chicago and Odessa is our granary, Canada and the Baltic Sea is our forests, our Australian sheep farms, Argentina and North American prairie to the west of our cattle grazing, and sent Peruvian silver, gold sent Australia and South Africa, India and China has provided us with tea, East Indies to provide us with coffee, sugar and spices. "
Victorian era
------ BRIEF INTRODUTION
•a long period of prosperity
overseas British Empire
•profits
industrial improvements at home
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Unrest in England
1840’s were the worst years in the century for unemployment, hunger and disease. This lead to social unrest. 1884 created universal male suffrage. Change was the only constant. People began to trust in progress. The Education Act of 1891 created free schools for everyone up until age 12
Life of Queen Victoria
Victorian gained the throne at age 18 She associated with England’s industrialization, economical expansion and imperialism. By the time of her death it was said that England was “an empire upon which the sun never set.” She married Prince Albert in 1840. Albert had and interests in science, the arts, trade and industry. He is best known for establishing many of the museums in London.
Changes in England
England continued to expand industrially under Victoria. By 1848 England produced as much iron as the rest of the world combined. The number of people doubled in England between 1801 and 1850. Cities continued to grow According to author Disraeli pointed out that there were “two nations” in England– the rich and the poor.
End of Queen Victoria’s Life
Even though Queen Victoria lost much of her sovereign power, she was well liked and was able to influence many of parliament’s decisions. She was a strong supporter of the Empire, which flourished under her rule. She was a proponent of education and aid to the poor and ran many charities. She continued to work until the day of her death, having just returned from visits to Ireland and South Africa. Victoria had the longest rule of 64 years when she died in 1901.
The Victorian Era
1837-1901
Victorian Background
Follows the reign of Queen Victoria Parallels the Renaissance– there is an expansion of wealth, power and culture
Pቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱtato Famine
The 1840’s brought the Potato Famine to Ireland. In two years a million people died. This brought many more starving poor into England’s already crowded streets
Queen Victoria Continued
Until the late 1860’s, Queen Victoria rarely made public appearances. There were several attempts on her life between 1840 and 1880. With family encouragement, Queen Victoria finally reentered the public arena, following the death of her devote husband. During Victoria's long reign,the crown lost much of its direct power. A series of Acts broadened the social and economic base of the parliament and prime minister. This gave voters and individuals in England more say in English politics.
Life for the Poor
Many people believed that this widespread death and poverty was a trade for the power to which England grew If there was a depression in the trade market, an entire factory could be unemployed. This lead to extreme poverty and urban slums. This left many families in outdoor slums in the bitter English winters.