高二英语下学期开学考试试题
四川省绵阳中学2023-2024学年高二下学期开学考试英语试卷(含答案)
四川省绵阳中学2023-2024学年高二下学期开学考试英语试卷学校：___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________ 一、阅读理解Walled Cities Of The WorldThere are numerous historical walled cities across the world, whose walls date back several centuries. These walls were fortification (碉堡), a necessity throughout medieval eras for defense. They have been preserved as historical monuments and popular tourist attractions in the modern time.York, EnglandThe city of York is a medieval city situated in the north of England. Historically, the city was ruled by the Romans, Angles, and the Vikings before being incorporated as part of the Kingdom of England in 954. Located in the city are walls built in 71 AD which have been restored and extended with time.Xi’an, ChinaThe city of Xian is one of the oldest cities in China. It prospered economically as the eastern last station of the Silk Road. The existing walls were originally built in 770 BC and reconstructed in the 14th century under the Ming Dynasty. The walls are well preserved and are a major tourist attraction in the city.Quebec City, CanadaQuebec City was a colonial (殖民地的) town which was fortified by the settling Europeans. The walls began to be built in 1608 under both British and French regimes (政权).A fort was constructed by the British as an additional defensive measure and remains undamaged to date. The city’s fortifications were listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1985.Mexico City, MexicoHistorically, the City of Mexico gained importance as the Aztec Capital. The Spanish then drove out the Aztecs and rebuilt it as the Spanish Capital. The walls protecting the city were built in 1521. Mexico City is also home to numerous colonial-era buildings which together with the walls are major tourist attractions in the city.1．Which city has walls of the longest history?A. York, England.B. Xi’an, China.C. Quebec City, Canada.D. Mexico City, Mexico.2．What do Quebec city and Mexico city have in common?A. They were once colonies of other countries.B. They were once the capital of the Aztec empire.C. Their walls were once built under British regime.D. Their walls were once damaged after construction.3．In which section of a magazine may this text appear?A. Culture.B. Entertainment.C. Science.D. SocietyA 16-year-old girl from Changsha, Hunan province, successfully reached the top of Qomolangma, known as Mount Everest in the West, on Monday morning, becoming the youngest Chinese female to conquer the world’s highest top from the southern slope (坡).Xu Zhuoyuan is a first year high school student from Hunan province. On April 15, she left Changsha for Nepal. On April 21, she began her long walk from Lukla. 7 days later, she arrived at the base camp and started her altitude adaptation training at once. At 10 pm Beijing time on May 14, Xu Started walking from Camp 4 at an altitude of 7,950 meters on the southern slope of Qomolangma. After a punishing 10-hour climb, she successfully reached the summit.Xu Zhuoyuan’s father, Xu Jianglei, was the first person fro m Hunan province to reach the top of Qomolangma. Xu Zhuoyuan has been exploring remote areas with him since she was very young. Despite her young age, Xu Zhuoyuan has already climbed five mountains over 5,000 meters in China. When she was 12 years old, she made a statement on Hunan TV saying, “I will climb Qomolangma.”Four years later, she achieved her promise. Although Xu Zhuoyuan has rich climbing experience, she has been experiencing high-intensity professional training non-stop to conquer Qomolangma. Last year, she climbed Mount Muztagata, which stands 7,546 meters. “Human beings are small in the face of nature. We should respect nature and get closer to Qomolangma,” said Xu Zhuoyuan.She brought the gloves her father used when he reached the top with her as a form of inheritance and to bear witness to her own dream coming true. After finishing her university studies, she hopes to continue climbing and achieve the “7+2” (7 tops plus the North and South Poles).4．When did Xu Zhuoyuan arrive at the base camp?A. On April 15.B. On April 21.C. On April 28.D. On May 14.5．Which words can best describe Xu Zhuoyuan?A. Honest and sincere.B. Clever and smart.C. Caring and devoted.D. Determined and brave.6．Why was Xu Jianglei mentioned in paragraph 3?A. To describe his achievements.B. To show his impact on his daughter.C. To recognize his support for the girl.D. To stress girls should be taken good care of.7．What message does the text want to convey?A. It’s better to be famous when you are young.B. Qomolangma draws more and more people.C. Great determination helps to conquer higher goals.D. A great father is needed to shock the whole world.New Deal Design, one of the world’s leading tech design studios, has invented an artificial intelligence-quipped toy to fight the “distraction economy”by developing children’s attention spans.Called Spot, the toy is aimed at learning and discovery. It functions primarily as a handheld scanner that kids can point at an object around them, such as a flower or a bird, to hear it talk back. Using its AI software, Spot recognizes the object and voices a little monologue (独白) from it, processing information to suit children aged five to nine.There’s also a secondary function that comes into play at bedtime, when Spot uses its in-built projecto (投影仪) to present a story made up around the day’s discoveries.Spot is a concept at this stage, one that grew, out of the research New Deal Design conducted into children’s development. The designers found that the right kind of toy could encourage focus, as opposed to instant satisfaction. They wanted to cultivate a kind of junior-level mindfulness that would set kids up with positive life skills.In terms of appearance, Spot has a complicated look, with its 3D camera fixed in the head. The models are smooth, including a wooden handle, a button and a base. The choice of materials was inspired by traditional kids’ building blocks.When Spot recognizes an object, it blinks to signal it has locked the target. Its head also locks into place to avoid any shaking. As an example, New Deal Design describes a girl called Max, who among other things, encounters a robin while out with the toy. Via Spot, the bird says, “Hi Max, my name is Robin! Did you know…”At that night’s Story Time, Spot starts “Once upon a time there was a little girl namedMax who met a robin. One day, Max asked the robin…”New Deal Design says that day summaries like this helps kids to relax and get better sleep. Seeing themselves at the centre of stories also helps to build self-confidence and self-awareness.8．In which aspect do children benefit from this artificial intelligence-equipped toy?A. Encouraging focus.B. Giving an instant satisfaction.C. Learning self-control.D. Cultivating junoir-level ability. 9．According to the passage, which statement about Spot is right?A. Spot’s monologues are age-specific.B. Spot tells stories programmed in advance.C. Spot has already been used to fight the “distraction economy”.D. Spot’s appearance was inspired by traditional kids’ building blocks.10．According to the text, who will the toy be useful for?A. Tom, two years old, can’t recognize an object around him.B. Max, eight years old, wants to make up a story about robin.C. Tina, nine years old, can’t concentrate her atte ntion on her class.D. Mike, twelve years old, wants to learn something about artificial intelligence.11．What is the text mainly about?A. A scientific invention.B. A learning program.C. An creative method.D. A tech design studios.It’s one of the ultimate tests of willpower: you’ve been wandering around the market for hours and you’re tired and hungry. Then you catch a smell of something fragrant (香的) and delicious, probably fried and almost certainly fattening. Junk food companies are well aware t hat the smell of their product sets off a desire in your brain and that you’ll pay for that later. It is a response that has been researched, and you’d better believe your favorite fast-food chains have marketing teams that are using that research to their advantage.Let’s take a closer look at this process. Have you ever noticed that whatever indulgent food (放纵型食品) catches your attention tends to be most appealing just after you first smell it? A couple of minutes later you are standing in line, and it isn’t quite as appealing as it was just moments ago, but now you’ve invested time, so you trust your first feeling to treat yourself.But a recent statement says that this is actually the right moment to walk away. Dipayan Biswas, a marketing professor, found there is a direct connection between how long a person is exposed to indulgent food smells and choosing healthier foods. “The results of a series ofexperiments show that extended exposure of more than two minutes to junk food smells leads to fewer purchases of unhealthy foods compared with no smell or a non-junk-food-related smell,” reads the summary of his study.What appears to be going on here is that the brain doesn’t necessarily distinguish between a pleasurable smell and a pleasant taste. “Extended exposure to an indulgent food smell brings pleasure in the mind, which in turn reduces the desire for actual consumption of indulgent foods,” he explains. So next time you feel you don’t have the willpower to resist cookies, smell all that sweetness for ju st a minute or two. To your brain it’s the same as actually eating cookies, and the purchase desire would decrease.12．What can we learn about junk food smells from the first paragraph?A. They can make a difference in marketing.B. They hardly affect people’s food choices.C. They are unlikely to fool wise customers.D. They finally decrease people’s purchase desire.13．What does the second paragraph basically serve as?A. An argument.B. An example.C. A comparison.D. A comment. 14．Which statement will Biswas probably agree with?A. The brain can’t tell where sensory pleasure is from.B. The senses of taste and smell are closely linked.C. The influence of food smells changes over time.D. The behavior of smelling food doesn’t equal eating it.15．Which of the following could the best title for the text?A. Train Your Brain to Resist Junk FoodB. Watch Out for Tricky Marketing ToolsC. Food Addiction Is Never About WillpowerD. Smelling Junk Food Longer Can Keep You Off It二、七选五16．Yes, trying new things is exciting and mind-expanding and all that, but it can also be awkward and embarrassing. No one likes to feel embarrassed and incompetent. ①Here are a few ways to feel a little better about launching yourself into a new experience—and help you get over the part of that initial misery to the part where it’s actually fun.First, we should know we’re born to be afraid of new experiences. From an evolutionary standpoint, trying new things, for much of human history, could have been dangerous. Thismeans that deep in our brains there’s a primeval (原始的) fear of looking bad, a fear of not performing as well as others. ②It’s part of being human. Enjoyment will come as the newness fades.Going in with the right mindset is also important. It’s go od to have an end goal in mind.③ Maybe your new hobby is marathons, for example; running one in under four hours isa goal, sure, but getting in shape and meeting other runners are worthy outcomes, too.④Whatever you’re trying, doing a little preparation work beforehand can make your first time a lot less frightening. Want to try your hand at baking? Before you actually bust out the kitchen equipment, maybe watch a few tutorials and take a few minutes to look up all the terms you don’t know. Taking up golf? ⑤ A baseline of knowledge will help you feel a little better the first time you try swinging a club.A. And it is wise to prepare before you start.B. Having an end goal will guide you through.C. Practice playing golf beforehand is a good choice.D. However, it helps to start with a beginner-friendly one.E. It’s fine to read a book on the sport before you head to the golf course.F. Unfortunately, it is unavoidable if beginners want to learn something new.G. In other words, not lovin g it right away isn’t a sign that you’ve made a mistake.三、完形填空（15空）Milo is a dog, adopted by 20-year-old Makayla Swift from an animal shelter. One morning in November 2021, Swift opened her front door in Silver Spring, Maryland, andnext door, Swift on his tail. “He started scratching (抓) the front door,”Swift says. “I’maway, she could hear a voice yelling “help” coming through an open upstairs window. Hoursthe letter carrier in the afternoon and scream. For the next few hours, Starr practiced yelling:Starr the instant Swift opened her own front door. Swift called 911. Rescuers thought they’d17．A. ran B. walked C. leaned D. wandered18．A. anxious B. terrified C. embarrassed D. excited19．A. setting off B. turning over C. keeping off D. breaking into20．A. adorable B. strange C. angry D. reliable21．A. later B. earlier C. on D. away22．A. jumped B. hesitated C. slipped D. swept23．A. lost B. tired C. stuck D. secured24．A. bet B. interaction C. result D. prediction25．A. loud B. faint C. special D. distinct26．A. if B. though C. as D. unless27．A. ultimately B. quietly C. gradually D. accurately28．A. edge B. detect C. remove D. observe29．A. took B. favored C. obeyed D. declined30．A. barrier B. passion C. suffering D. pressure31．A. blessing B. danger C. bother D. pleasure四、短文填空32．Three years after skyrocketing to worldwide ①__________ (recognize) with her first directorial film Hi, Mom, director-actress Jia Ling has returned to the ②__________ (fierce) competitive Spring Festival silver screen with her second directorial feature, YOLO (You Only Live Once).Although the film has set off ③__________ online controversy due to Jia’s significant weight loss and muscle gain, she once explained on her Weibo account: “The film is not related to weight loss ④__________ even has very little connection with boxing. It ⑤__________ (tell) how a kind person finds herself and learns to love herself.”The film features Jia ⑥__________ a self-enclosed woman who leads a directionless life. After a family conflict shatters her self-esteem, she decides to leave home ⑦__________she lives with her parents and her divorced younger sister.From then on, the heroine grapples with a challenging life, ⑧__________ (work) at a small restaurant. Her unexpected encounter with Hao Kun, a boxing coach, ⑨__________ (play) by Lei Jiayin, brings a glimmer of hope into her dull existence.However, fate plays another cruel and miserable trick on her, ⑩__________ (far) complicating her journey.五、书面表达33．假定你是李华，你校最近组织高二学生去附近的河岸清理垃圾。
2023-2024学年山东省实验中学高二下学期开学英语试题
2023-2024学年山东省实验中学高二下学期开学英语试题What are the best foreign films coming out in May? Here are four of the best new films to watch.HypnoticNothing is what it seems in Hypnotic, a mind-bending plot thriller from Robert Rodriguez. Ben Affleck stars as a police detective who is disturbed by the disappearance of his daughter. He is investigating a series of bank robberies (抢劫) when a mystery woman tells him about “hypnotics”: people who have the power to make others believe and do anything they want by saying a single sentence.Released on 11 May in Australia, 12 May in the US &26 May in the UKThe Little MermaidAnother month, another live-action-and-CGI remake of a classic Disney cartoon. But this one is more distinctive than most, because a black actress, Halle Bailey, is playing the title character, who was white in the 1989 cartoon. Besides, the film’s director argues that his version of The Little Mermaid is progressive in other wa ys, too. “She and Prince Eric, played by Jonah Hauer-King, really teach the world about prejudice and about breaking down barriers and walls between these two worlds.” Also, there’s a singing crab (螃蟹).On general release from 24 MayThe Eight MountainsAll of the mountains in The Eight Mountains are unspoilt and breathtakingly beautiful. Some of them are in the Himalayas, but most are in the Italian alps, where Pietro, a city boy from Turin, befriends Bruno, the only child left in a remote rural village.Released on 5 May in Japan, 12 May in the UK and Ireland, and 19 May in Spain and FinlandGuardians of the Galaxy Vol 3It’s been six years since Marvel’s second Guardians of the Galaxy film came out. Star-Lord, Gamora, Rocket, Drax and their partners are f inally back for more adventures and this time they’re up against the High Evolutionary.On general release from 15 May1. What do we know about the police detective in Hypnotic?A．His daughter is missing. B．His magic is unbelievable.C．He is involved in a bank robbery. D．He is cheated by a mystery woman.2. What is special about The Little Mermaid?A．It is a live-action film. B．It stars a black actress.C．It has a dancing crab in it. D．It results in racial inequality.3. Which film is available for British audiences on 12 May?A．Hypnotic . B．The Little Mermaid .C．The Eight Mountains . D．Guardians of the Galaxy Vol 3 .In a Zulu village, Daphne gave birth to a baby, named Xolani Nkosi. The baby was tiny, no more than two kilos. As the months passed, Daphne realized the boy was ill. The doctor who examined the boy had said his illness might be a result of HIV infection.Meanwhile, another South African woman, Gail Johnson, was living a different life. She and her husband were not wealthy, but were c omfortably middle class. A visit to a friend’s brother, who was in the terminal (晚期的) stage of AIDS, made her determined to do something. By October, she had raised enough money to set up the Guest House, and took in a dozen dying of AIDS. Daphne sent her boy to the Guest House, where he became a star.But in 1992 the Guest House had to be closed for lack of money. Gail offered to adopt Nkosi. By his 4th birthday, Nkosi was eating better, gaining some weight. In 1997, Gail sent Nkosi to school. In 3 years at school Nkosi had only one accident. He fell in the playground and cut his mouth. The bleeding was handled with care. His school performance was satisfactory.Nkosi’s progress was tracked in the media. Gail took advantage of the coverage to raise money an d found a house in Johannesburg for some women and their kids. She called it Nkosi’s Haven. Nkosi and Gail became icons (偶像人物) in the international AIDS community. They were invited to the United States and spent a week there making appearances. Then in July 2000, the 13th International Conference on AIDS was scheduled to be held in Durban. Nkosi was introduced to a huge audience. He said, “Care for us and accept us. We are all human beings. We are normal. We have hands. We have feet. Don’t be afraid of us.We are all the same.” His tiny body was ravaged, but his big heart inspired a nation.4. What drove Gail Johnson to found the Guest House?A．Her middle class status. B．Her visit to an AIDS sufferer.C．Her ability to raise money. D．Her determination to be wealthy.5. What can we learn about Nkosi from the last paragraph?A．He won the battle against AIDS in the end.B．He made much progress in AIDS research.C．He became a leader in the AIDS community.D．He urged people to treat AIDS patients fairly.6. What does the underlined word “ravaged” in the last paragraph mean?A．Ruined. B．Injured. C．Controlled. D．Protected.7. Which of the following can best describe Gail?A．Clever and humorous. B．Curious and inspiring.C．Strong-willed and demanding. D．Warm-hearted and considerate.In a global report of lake color, researchers estimate that roughly one-third of Earth’s lakes are blue. But, should average summer air temperatures rise by a few degrees, some of those clear waters could turn a cloudy green or brown, the Learn reports in the Sept. 28 Geophysical Research Letters.The changing colors could change how people use those waters and offer clues about the stability of lake ecosystems. Compared with blue lakes, green or brown lakes have more algae (藻类) and organic matter, says Xiao Yang, a hydrologist (水文专家) at Southern Methodist University.Lakes in places with average summer air temperatures that were below 19° Celsius were more likely to be blue than lakes with warmer summers. That’s because war mer water helps algae bloom more, which changes the properties of the water.Yang and colleagues used satellite photos from 2013 to 2020 to analyze the color of more than 85,000 lakes around the world. Because storms and seasons can temporarily affect a la ke’s color, the researchers focused on the most frequent color observed for each lake over the seven-year period. The researchers also created an interactive online map that can be used to explore the colors of these lakes. The approach is “super cool,” the researchers say. These satellite data are “just so powerful.”If some lakes do become less blue, people will probably lose some of the resources they have come to value, O’Reilly says, who is an ecologist at Illinois State University. Lakes are often use d for drinking water, food or recreation. If the water has more algae, it could be unappealing for play or more costly to clean for drinking. But the color changes wouldn’t necessarily mean that the lakes are any less healthy. “Humans don’t value lots of algae in a lake, but if you’re a certain type of fish species, you might be like ‘this is great’” O’Reilly says.8. What can we learn about the lakes’ color change according to the text?A．It is caused by water pollution. B．It does harm to the growth of algae.C．It results from the temperature increase. D．It can disturb the stability of lakeecosystems.9. How was the research conducted?A．By doing field investigation. B．By researching previous studies.C．By analyzing long-term satellite data. D．By observing the daily color of the lakes.10. Which word best describes O’Reilly’s attitude to the color change?A．Objective. B．Doubtful. C．Unconcerned. D．Favourable.11. What’s the authors purpose in writing the text?A．To call on people to protect lakes. B．To introduce a new research method.C．To present the outcome of a research. D．To provide solutions to lakes’ colorchange.Most e-bikes have rechargeable lithium-ion (锂离子) batteries, the same that power smartphones and laptops. All these batteries have the potential to fail when damaged,overcharged or operated in extreme temperature conditions. E-bike batteries, though, are much bigger — between 50 to 100 times more — than the ones in our personal electronics,and pose a greater risk.On May 20, a folding bike in a South London apartment began smoking, then within seconds a big fire erupted. According to Dom Ellis, deputy commissioner for the LondonFire Brigade, the bike’s owner purchased it second-hand to commute (通勤) to work and bought an aftermarket battery from an unclear online marketplace.Lithium-ion batteries are popular because they’re easily rechargeable. But if something fails, they can overheat, said Anna Stefanopoulou, professor of mechanical engineering at the University of Michigan. This kicks off a bad cycle called thermal runaway. The melting battery materials fuel the flames, sending out more heat, and that heat also creates a flammable (易燃的) gas, she said. In other words, when a battery breaks down, the fire is self-sustaining (自我维持的) and hot.Electric cars also contain lithium-ion batteries, but fires are less common compared with e-bikes. Cars have cooling systems and their batteries are more protected, she said. Any electric vehicle battery replacements would also likely take place through an authorized facility.E-bikes, on the other hand, don’t have temperature regulators and their batteries are more exposed to the environment and possible impact, so minor manufacturing flaws (生产缺陷) can become problems, Stefanopoulou added. She said the cheaper batteries can suffer from flaws and low-quality control.E-bike riders also tend to use their batteries more actively. A huge battery in an electric car can last more than 200 miles, and drivers top them off (加满) regularly. E-bike commuters are used to draining their batteries again and again throughout the week, which can add to the stress.12. Why are e-bike batteries much more dangerous than the ones in personal electronics?A．They are of much larger.B．They are of different materials.C．They are easily overcharged or damaged.D．They are operated in extreme temperature conditions.13. What was the main problem with the folding bike causing a fire on May 20?A．It was purchased from another user second-hand.B．It was produced by an unqualified manufacturer.C．It was already out of date when second-hand bought.D．Its original battery was replaced with an aftermarket one.14. Why are electric car fires less common compared with e-bikes?A．Electric cars seldom use lithium-ion batteries.B．Electric car batteries are not exposed to heat or fires.C．Electric cars are equipped with battery-protection systems.D．Electric cars are equipped with better lithium-ion batteries.15. What can be a suitable title for this text?A．How to Protect E-bike BatteriesB．Why E-bike Batteries Break DownC．Why E-bike Battery Fires Are DeadlyD．How to Prevent Fires from E-bike BatteriesWe love our dogs and always try to take good care of them, but there are some simple things that can be harmful to our pets. 16Playing fetch with sticksMost dogs love playing fetch with sticks. It may be fun to throw one for your dog when you don’t have a ball or rubber toy handy, but they can be extremely dangerous. Sticks can easily break. 17 A stick can also go through a dog’s throat and get stuck there, which can be life threatening.Feeding cooked bonesDogs love eating bones and human leftovers, but cooked bones should never be fed to dogs. They can break into small, sharp pieces. They have the potential to cause choking or cuts to the mouth, throat or gut.If you choose to feed your dog bones, only feed raw bones and always under control. 18Not all dogs can swimDog owners often take it for granted that all dogs can swim, but in fact some dogs may not be able to swim at all. Pugs, French bulldogs, dachshunds and similar are often poor swimmers. 19 In order for these dogs to keep their noses and mouths above water they must stick their heads out from under water, which points their back end downwards, making them almost vertical in the water and likely to sink.20 To do this, get in the water with them and support them under the body until they get the hang of using all four legs to push themselves forward. Don’t force your dog if they are not comfortable, and always start by paddling in a shallow area. Many dogs will learn to swim by following other dogs into the water.A Heroic DriverLarry works with Transport Drivers. Inc. One morning in 2019, Larry was ______ along 165 north after delivering to one of his _______ Suddenly, he saw a car with its bright lights on. As he got closer, he found another vehicle upside down on the road. One more look and he noticed _____ shooting out from under the ______ vehicle. Larry pulled over, set the brake and _____ the fire extinguisher (灭火器) . Two good bursts from the extinguisher and the fire was put out.The man who had his bright lights on came over and told Larry he had ____ an emergency call. They then heard a woman’s voice coming from the, wrecked (毁坏的) vehicle. _____ the vehicle, they saw that a woman was trying to get out of the broken window. They told her to stay ______ until the emergency personnel arrived, but she thought the car was going to ______. Larry told her that he had already put out the fire and she should not move ______she injured her neck.Once fire and emergency people arrive, Larry and the other man ______ and let them go to work. Then, Larry asked the ______ if he was needed or ______ to go. They let him and the other man go. One thing is ______-Larry went above and beyond the call of duty by getting so close to the burning vehicle! His ______ most likely saved the woman's life.21.A．walking B．touring C．traveling D．rushing22.A．passengers B．colleagues C．employers D．customers23.A．flame B．smoke C．water D．steam24.A．used B．disabled C．removed D．abandoned25.A．got hold of B．prepared C．took charge of D．controlled26.A．returned B．received C．made D．confirmed27.A．Starting B．Parking C．Passing D．Approaching 28.A．quiet B．still C．away D．calm29.A．explode B．slip away C．fall apart D．crash30.A．as if B．unless C．in case D．after31.A．stepped forward B．backed off C．moved on D．set out32.A．woman B．police C．man D．driver33.A．forbidden B．ready C．asked D．free34.A．for certain B．for consideration C．reported D．checked35.A．patience B．skills C．efforts D．promise语法填空During the Middle Ages, the main aim of painters was to present religious themes. 36 (they) works were often primitive and two-dimensional. This 37 (gradual) changed in the 13th century with a painter, whose paintings 38 (set) apart from others by their realistic human faces and deep emotional impact.语法填空The good news is that we can change, if we understand 39 habits work. To facilitate 40 positive change in our bad habits, we must first examine our bad habit cycles and then try to adapt them. We can do this by combining the information from our habit cycles 41 our own positive ideas. We can also use the habit cycle 42 (create) good habits.语法填空We as individuals can also reduce our “carbon footprint” by 43 (restrict) the amount of carbon dioxide our lifestyles produce. It is our 44 (responsible) to seize every opportunity to educate everyone about 45 (globe) warming.46. Nowadays, facial r___________ technology is widely used in our daily life, especially when we pay or enter a station.（根据首字母单词拼写）47. We can’t _________ (保证) the punctual arrival of trains in fog weather.（根据汉语提示单词拼写）48. Many people in Britain are _________ (喜爱) of gardening. （根据汉语提示单词拼写）49. Everyone should keep the _________ (纪律) and you are no exception. （根据汉语提示单词拼写）50. Water can a ________ and give off a lot of heat. （根据首字母单词拼写）51. I'm very happy to join this young and _________ (充满活力的) team.（根据汉语提示单词拼写）52. As is expected，the boy will try his best to s___________the golden chance to go abroad to broaden his horizons. (根据首字母单词拼写)53. Completed projects must be _________ (提交) by 10 March, otherwise you will be banned from participating in the activity. （根据汉语提示单词拼写）54. As is known to us all, a h_________ society means that human beings can live in harmony with each other. （根据首字母单词拼写）55. We should take an active part in sports and outdoor activities_________ (频繁地) .（根据汉语提示单词拼写）56. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
四川省达州市渠县中学2022-2023学年高二下学期开学考试英语试题
四川省达州市渠县中学2022-2023学年高二下学期开学考试英语试题一、阅读理解The well-known Spanish painter Pablo Picasso once said, “Every child is an artist. The problem is how to remain an artist once he/ she grows up.”This is both encouraging and discouraging. The fact that we were all born to be artists is surely exciting. But the reality has proven that remaining to be an artist is a task that many of us have failed. Fortunately, some people have seen the problem and want to solve it. Western educators have suggested that we introduce the concept of “STEAM” instead of “STEM”—traditional “core majors including science, technology, engineering and math—since the “A”, which stands for “art”, is just important as well. And so did the China’s Ministry of Education. It required colleges and universities to provide more art-related courses for students. They need to earn a certain number of art credits (学分) in order to graduate.These efforts came after many scientific studies had found that art education helps students develop self-confidence and teamwork skills, as well as habits of mind such as problem solving and critical thinking.It’s true that none of these skills is directly connected with jobs. But as former US ballet dancer Damian Woetzel told The Atlantic, the purpose of art is “to give kids the tools to become adults who are creative, adaptable and expressive— capable of having their eyes and ears and senses alive. And we can now see how we lost track of our born “artist self” on our way to growing up: we failed to keep our capabilities to see, hear and feel, and became blind, deaf and insensitive adults.Hopefully, art education can help turn things around.1．What’s the purpose of the first paragraph?A．To introduce a famous painter.B．To summarize the whole passage.C．To inspire us to be artists.D．To lead in the topic.2．According to the passage, why should “STEAM” be introduced?A．Art is as equally important as “core majors”.B．Western education is more useful.C．Traditional “core majors” are out of date.D．All of us should learn art in college.3．The passage mainly tells us ________.A．every child is an artist.B．bringing art to life is essential.C．life is full of art.D．artists are talentedThere is proof that, in the past, large comets（彗星）or asteroids（小行星）have struck the Earth. Thirty-five million years ago, a three-kilometer-wide rock hit the ocean floor, 160 kilometers from what is now Washington, D．C．, leaving an 85-kilometer-wide crater（坑）buried beneath Chesapeake Bay. Another giant rock, called Titan, ten kilometers in diameter smashed into the Gulf of Mexico around 65 million years ago, giving off thousands of times more energy than all the nuclear weapons on the planet combined. "The whole Earth burned that day," says Ed Lu, a physicist and former astronaut. "The chaos and destruction were unimaginable. Three-quarters of all life forms, including the dinosaurs, died out."Astronomers have found numerous asteroids big enough to cause a disaster for the whole planet. None is on course to do so in our lifetimes, but there are many smaller asteroids that could strike in the near-future, with destructive effects. On June 30, 1908, an object as big as a 15-story building fell in Tunguska, a remote part of Siberia. The object, an asteroid or a small comet, exploded several kilometers before impact, burning and blowing down trees across 2, 000 square kilometers. Clouds of dust and ice filled the sky. The particles reflected the surfs light onto the Earth, and for days people in Europe could read newspapers outdoors at night. More recently, in 2013, a 20-meter meteor（流星）exploded over Chelyabinsk Oblast, Russia, injuring dozens of people on the ground. It was the largest object to enter the Earth's atmosphere since Tunguska.The next time a large object falls out of the sky, we may be taken by surprise. Currently, there is no early-warning system for near-Earth objects. However, over the next decade, sky surveys, like the one being done by Tholen should begin filling that gap. Astronomers are making a list of thousands of asteroids to help us predict the next strike. "Every couple of weeks," says Lu, "we're going to be finding another asteroid with, like, a one-in-a-thousand chance of hitting the Earth."4．When did the largest object mentioned in the text enter the Earth's atmosphere?A．65 million years ago.B．35 million years ago.C．In 1908.D．In 2013.5．What does the author want to tell us by the examples in Paragraph 2?A．The recent findings of rare stars.B．The significance of disaster prevention.C．The new knowledge of space travel.D．The threat of comets and asteroids. 6．What can we infer from Ed Lu's words?A．The chance of the earth being hit is decreasing.B．Titan destroyed most life forms on earth.C．The dinosaurs died out due to a nuclear explosion.D．We have already had mature warning systems.7．What is the author's attitude towards future predictions?A．Pessimistic.B．Indifferent.C．Optimistic.D．Neutral.We have learned to expect that trains will be punctual. After years of conditioning (习惯), most of us have developed an unshakable faith in railway timetables. Ships may be delayed by storms; flights may be cancelled because of bad weather; but trains must be on time. Only an exceptionally heavy snowfall might temporarily dislocate railway services. It is all too easy to blame the railway authorities when something does go wrong. The truth is that when mistakes occur, they are more likely to be ours than theirs.After consulting my railway timetable, I noted with satisfaction that there was an express train to Westhaven. It went direct from my local station and the journey lasted a mere hour and seventeen minutes. When I boarded the train, I could not help noticing that a great many local people got on as well. At the time, this didn’t strike me as odd. I reflected that there must be a great many people besides myself who wished to take advantage of this excellent service. Neither was I surprised when the train stopped at Widley, a tiny station a few miles along the line. Even a mighty express train can be held up by signals. But when the train dawdled (慢吞吞地动) at station after station, I began to wonder. It suddenly dawned on me that this express was not roaring down the line at ninety miles an hour, but barely chugging (咔嚓咔嚓地响) along at thirty.One hour and seventeen minutes passed and we had not even covered half the distance. I asked a passenger if this was the Westhaven Express, but he had not even heard of it. I determined to lodge a complaint as soon as we arrived. Two hours later, I was talking angrily to the station master at Westhaven. When he denied the train’s existence, I borrowed his copy of the timetable. There was a note of triumph (胜利) in my voice when I told him that it was there in black and white. Glancing at it briefly, he told me to look again. A tiny asterisk (星号) conducted me to a footnote at the bottom of the page. It said: “This service has been suspended.”8．What is most people’s faith in trains?A．They rarely fail us in their punctuality .B．They trick passengers for various reasons.C．They are just as reliable as ships and flights.D．They never come up to our expectations.9．What does the underlined sentence in paragraph 2 suggest?A．I wasn’t interested.B．I wasn’t surprised.C．I was quite annoyed.D．I was deeply impressed.10．Which of the following words best describes the author’s experience?A．Pleasant.B．Rewarding.C．Thrilling.D．Disappointing.11．Who or what was to blame for the author’s taking the “wrong” train?A．The railway authorities.B．The author himself.C．The railway timetable.D．The station master.When office workers were sent home in the spring of 2020, managers suddenly faced a new challenge: how to monitor teams that were working remotely.A new book, “Leading at a Distance”, by James Citrin and Darleen Derosa of Spencer Stuart, an executive-search firm, attempts to provide some practical tips for managers dealing with staff whom they do not see face to face.The authors are not in the gloomy(阴暗的) camp that believes remote working is a disaster. They think it can be just as effective as face-to-face work.They point out that the ability to hire people who can work anywhere means that businesseswill find it easier to develop more diverse workforces. A study by McKinsey, a consultancy(咨询公司) ,found that 70% of companies thought remote hiring would help in this respect.The book offers some useful advice. For starters, keep virtual teams small. The upper threshold(界限) seems to be around a dozen. A study found that 37% of low-performing teams had 13 or more members. In addition, the best-performing teams tended to be drawn from one department, such as marketing, rather than from across the firm.Mr. Citrin and Ms. Derosa also warn of the dangers of virtual meetings. Just because it is possible to schedule one does not mean it is necessary or wise to do so. Poorly run meetings do not just waste time, they threaten the ability to meet deadlines, adding to workers’ stress. Long meetings should have breaks, allowing for a gap between sessions in an hourly schedule.A few things must change when people work remotely. But not everything does. Managers will need to make a more determined effort to keep in contact with their staff. If, as most people expect, a hybrid(混合的) model emerges with remote working a couple of days a week, there will be plenty of space for interaction when managers and team members are both present. 12．What did James Citrin and Darleen Derosa attempt to do in the book?A．Provide some tips for employees.B．Help managers to see staff face to face.C．Raise some questions on working remotely.D．Address some practical matters on remote managing.13．What would remote hiring help employers to do?A．To keep in touch with staff in different ways.B．To employ more hard-working labor forces.C．To have easy access to various labor forces.D．To hire less labor forces working in foreign countries.14．What does the author talk about in the last but one paragraph?A．The dangers of wasting time.B．The need to schedule meetings.C．The disadvantages of online meetings.D．The things we should avoid in meetings.15．Which of the following can best demonstrate the main idea of the passage?A．How to lead remotely.B．How to hold virtual meetings.C．How to keep in contact with managers.D．How to tackle affairs when working remotely.Convincing teenagers to put down their phone and dig in the flowerbeds may seem like a long shot. But if provided the opportunity, the right tools, and encouragement they might find they love gardening. 16 . Many plants can grow in containers. Here are some benefits of gardening for teenagers.17 . Whether flowers or vegetables, caring for plants helps teenagers develop responsibility. They also gain a sense of accomplishment and self-confidence as they raise new green shoots into full blooming beauties. Teen gardeners will get to experiment and learn what is best for each plant, experiencing the benefits of their efforts over time.Gardening is good for psychological well-being. 18 . Gardens have been shown to reduce stress and depression, as well as promote productivity. Taking a break from electronics and social media can also improve teenagers’ attention. Research shows that spending just a few minutes outdoors, surrounded by grass, trees, and other plants can boost a teenager’s ability to focus and concentrate.Outdoor time promotes exercise. Gardening offers fresh air, sunshine, and exercise.19 . Sowing seeds, planting seedlings, and deadheading flowers require movement which translates to some exercise. Teenagers are likely to become so absorbed in their work that they don’t even realize the physical aspect of gardening.Growing food encourages healthier eating habits. Teenagers that grow their own food are more likely to enjoy eating healthily. Tasting the fruits of their own efforts often inspires them to eat more of the items they grow themselves. Teaching teenagers about the nutritional benefits of the plants they grow will empower them to make wise and tasty food choices for life.20 .A．Plant care builds up responsibilityB．And gardening doesn’t need much spaceC．A sense of responsibility matters to teenagersD．Plants are often used as a tool to help improve mental healthE．Parents may find that their couch potato enjoys growing actual potatoesF．These benefits are especially good for teenagers who avoid physical activityG．And harvesting is an excellent way to help teenagers know the source of their food二、完形填空Some of the greatest problems we face today are concerned with the gradual destruction of our environment. Brown clouds; wildlife 21 ; polluted water. These 22 all seem so huge. So my family does what we can. We take cloth bags to stores instead of using plastic bags. We walk where we don’t have to 23 .But does it do any good?I recently learned something about flamingos. These beautiful birds gather in 24 groups of a thousand or more. Every year, when the time 25 for migration, a few flamingos start the process by taking off from the lake. But 26 of the others seem to notice, so the tiny group returns.However, the next day they 27 again. This time a few more struggle along with them, but the vast majority still 28 no attention, so these pioneers come back.The 29 continues for several more days. Every time a few more birds join in but, 30 the thousands of others still take no 31 , the great migration plan is once again 32 .Then one day something 33 . The same small group of birds takes wing and a tiny number more join in, just as before. And this time their total number, though still quite34 , is enough to tip the balance. As one, the whole group takes flight and the migration35 . What a 36 sight it must be – thousands of flamingos taking to the sky at once!A few can make a 37 . It’s true that all of the great problems of the world have been solved because of the 38 efforts of a few.If you believe in a cause, don’t 39 ! Others will someday take notice and together we will 40 even our greatest problems.21．A．protection B．extinction C．migration D．separation 22．A．questions B．costs C．examples D．problems 23．A．drive B．run C．cycle D．stand 24．A．tiny B．different C．huge D．similar 25．A．comes B．passes C．varies D．moves26．A．all B．any C．none D．most 27．A．gather B．try C．sing D．appear 28．A．attract B．require C．escape D．pay29．A．plan B．trend C．activity D．movement 30．A．since B．though C．unless D．while 31．A．responsibility B．notice C．chance D．measure 32．A．put off B．cut off C．carried out D．worked out 33．A．approaches B．works C．changes D．disappears 34．A．significant B．reasonable C．adequate D．small 35．A．continues B．delays C．finishes D．begins 36．A．familiar B．strange C．magnificent D．unrealistic 37．A．point B．decision C．difference D．mistake 38．A．useless B．tireless C．extra D．special 39．A．give up B．give in C．give away D．give out 40．A．identify B．understand C．predict D．address三、语法填空在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
湖北省孝感市2022-2023学年高二下学期开学考试英语试题
湖北省孝感市2022-2023学年高二下学期开学考试英语试题学校:___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________一、阅读理解Boasting a long history, China is home to many famous paintings, which are now in the hearts of more than a billion people.Nymph of the Luo River-Gu KaizhiThe legend has it that Cao Zhi fell in love with the governor’s daughter. However, she married his brother and the prince became upset. Later, he composed an emotional poem about the love between the goddess and common people. In the 4th century, Gu Kaizhi, a Chinese artist, was moved by the story and illustrated the poem.Court Ladies Adorning Their Hair with Flowers—Zhou FangDuring the Tang Dynasty, the genre of “beautiful women painting” enjoyed popularity. Coming from a noble background, Zhou Fang created artworks in this genre. In his painting, the ladies stand as though they are fashion models, but one of them is entertaining herself by teasing a cute dog.Along the River During the Qingming Festival—Zhang ZeduanZhang Zeduan depicted (描绘) the landscape in his work. However, instead of concentrating on the vastness of nature, he captured the daily life of the people of Bianjing, present-day Kaifeng. His work shows much about life in the Northern Song Dynasty.A Thousand Li of Rivers and Mountains—Wang XimengNot only did officials and scholars enjoy listening to music, but they also found pleasure in depicting nature. One such painter was Wang Ximeng. He was a prodigy. Wang Ximeng painted A Thousand Li of Rivers and Mountains when he was only seventeen years old. He died several years later, but he left one of the largest and most beautiful paintings in Chinese history.1．Where do you think this passage is taken from?A．A novel.B．A travel brochure.C．A magazine.D．A book review.2．What can we learn from this passage?A．Zhou Fang painted fashion models in his painting.B．Nymph of the Luo River is a poem written by Gu Kaizhi.C．Wang Ximeng created his masterpiece when he was at the age of seventy.D．Zhang Zeduan described daily life of the people of Bianjing in his works.3．Which is your best choice if you want to enjoy a painting with the beauty of nature? A．Nymph of the Luo River——Gu Kaizhi.B．A Thousand Li of Rivers and Mountains—Wang Ximeng.C．Court Ladies Adorming Their Hair with Flowers—Zhou Fang.D．Along the River During the Qingming Festival—Zhang Zeduan.Standing on the shore of a lake, I can’t help but marvel at the tens or hundreds of thousands of small rocks that surround my boots. They were all created from hard surfaces, their edges softening over time. And I wonder, can we learn from a pile of rocks?Much like a rock, I’ve found my attitude has softened and my desire to better understand others has expanded with each trip around the sun.Once, I too was a sharp rock covered in pointy edges. Today, after decades of the waters of life coursing over me, my edges are softer and more understanding. I’m less likely to judge and more interested in learning how we can exist together.Two years ago, while traveling in the Pacific Northwest, I watched a restaurant owner ask several people to leave for not wearing masks. Not forceful and not rude. On the door read a sign: “Please wear a mask before entering our restaurant. We don’t like it either, but let’s all do what we can to get through this together.” The group of young men wished to argue about the note.I sat watching, understanding both sides. I’ve been those guys before, using my youthful edges to chip away at the world. What I lost, however, was the ability to grow from experiences by looking through the eyes of others. In learning to be more open, I’ve also found more happiness and success.You can fit more rounded rocks in a jar than those with sharp edges. The former look for ways to adjust and make room for others; the latter never give an inch to accommodate others.Time, like the waters rolling against once sharp stones, changes us. I placed a rounded stone into my jacket pocket. Mother Nature is holding class again.4．What does the author compare the rocks to?A．Challenges we come across.B．What nature offers us.C．People’s abilities.D．People’s personalities.5．Why did the group of guys argue in the restaurant?A．They intended to skip out on the bill.B．They were dissatisfied with the food offered.C．They were unwilling to wear masks.D．They were not allowed to leave the restaurant.6．What does the underlined word “accommodate” mean?A．Fight with.B．Try to change.C．Provide space for.D．Leave a good impression on. 7．What does the author want to tell us with this article?A．We should adjust to new conditions.B．It’s necessary to consider the feelings of others.C．Be brave when in the face of difficulties in life.D．Being open and understanding brings you more happiness.A spoonful of pickles(榨菜) can sometimes make a meal taste way better. Recently, a new type of pickle is being discussed: “digital pickled vegetables”. It refers to the videos people watch while eating. Many people think that the videos can make their food more appetizing.The topic received more than 16 million clicks on Sina Weibo and about 100,000 people participated in the discussion. Instead of having meals with friends and family members, many young people in China are kept company by TV shows or short videos. Many believe that their food is tastier with the “digital pickles”.Can this habit affect your diet? According to a research paper published in 2019, you may eat more unconsciously. The international research team asked 62 volunteers to follow different eating patterns on four different days. The patterns included eating while looking at the mobile phone, reading magazines and without distraction. After analyzing their diets, the team discovered that eating with a distraction increased caloric ingestion(卡路里摄入) by about 15 percent.To explore the reason, the team also invited two groups of people: one group ate while listening to an audio clip about another person eating and the other listened to a clip that helped them imagine themselves eating. The results showed that the second group ate lesssince they were more focused on their meals. When we eat with the “digital pickles”, our attention can be distracted, which leads to eating more than expected.This works not only for eating meals but other demanding tasks as well. A research project led by the University of Sussex, UK, pointed out that activities which require lots of attention trick many participants into overeating. The team invited 120 participants to do various tasks while providing them with drinks and snacks. “Our study suggests that if you’re eating or drinking while your attention is distracted by a highly engaging task, you’re less likely to be able to tell how full you feel,” one of the authors Martin Yeomans explained. 8．What do “digital pickles” refer to?A．Anew type of vegetables.B．Electronic products popular online. C．Videos people watch while eating.D．Digital games suitable for families. 9．What do we know about the international research?A．The research was conducted in 2019.B．62 people in total participated in the entire research.C．It showed that eating with a distraction decreased caloric ingestion by 15 percent. D．The group listening to a clip about another person eating ate more than the other group. 10．Why do people eat more with “digital pickles” according to the text?A．They are more focused on their meals.B．They are distracted by “digital pickles”.C．The food tastes better with “digital pickles”.D．The “digital pickles” make them feel hungrier.11．Why does the author mention a different study in the last paragraph?A．To give another case that causes overeating.B．To describe the effects of “digital pickles”.C．To explain how to judge you are full.D．To present how to avoid being distracted.Users have recently been drawn to TikTok’s AI image generator (生成器) as it creates drawings based on pictures. How does AI create drawings?One of the most basic models that allow AI to generate drawings is the GANs (对抗生成网络). They are deep learning systems that can learn from training data and generate new data with the same characteristics.GANs consist of two main parties-the generator and the discriminator (判别器). In terms of drawings, the generator tries to mimic (模仿) the style of a set of images, producing new data. The discriminator then makes decisions to see whether the new data qualifies. In this way, AI can generate new drawings.Some generators can also produce images based on a simple description-sometimes just a few words. Launched in April, DALL. E2 went viral for its text-to-image function. The AI system goes through two training processes: learning to understand the text and matching the elements from different images to the text. After getting to know what the text is about, it matches a large number of relevant image pieces to the text. To make the match more precise, DALL. E2 was trained on 400 million images with text, collected directly from the internet.Then, The CLIP model allows AI to encode (编码) the elements of both images and text. The next step is called diffusion (扩散) wich decodes (解码) the data into an image. In the end, the AI system can generate images based on text, as if creating art itself.12．How do GANs help AI generate drawings?A．By learning from a set of pictures.B．By combining various photographs. C．By directly copying a particular picture.D．By selecting an image from a database. 13．What is the discriminator used to do?A．Decide which image to mimic.B．Add more details to new images. C．Check the quality of new images.D．Collect images from the internet. 14．What can we learn about DALL. E2?A．It can translate images into text.B．It was developed five years after GANs. C．It was trained on 400 million images with text.D．It creates images based on images with text.15．What is the main purpose of the article?A．To introduce the features of AI drawings.B．To discuss whether AI can create true art. C．To comment on some AI image generators.D．To explain the technology behind AI drawing.二、七选五We all enjoy planning out our lives. We had great expectations and dreams to touch thearen’t anticipated.So, what happens when the life you have isn’t the life you planned? You can go exploring. You go exploring without expectation because your plans could be the very thing that keeps you from the life that’s waiting for you. ____17____ Rather, you should get curious about how to change your circumstances for the better.____18____ But if you continue to focus on everything that went wrong in the past, you wouldn’t be able to see the good that is present. Each day is a blank canvas presented as an opportunity for you to create and to discover new things. Be careful, however, not to give in to other’s opinions of what your life should look like. These days everyone can be an expert on what you should do with your life. ____19____So, don’t be afraid to make mistakes but learn from them quickly. ____20____ You had better be free of these emotions to move on in a light-hearted way.A．However, life isn’t a bed of roses.B．Don’t regret for the past mistakes.C．Unfortunately, reality doesn’t always quite match up.D．Let go of blame, self-pity, excuses, bitterness and resentment.E．There will still be times when you struggle with letting go of the past.F．But when things don’t work out, they’re unwilling to take responsibility.G．This shouldn’t mean you give in to frustration for not living up to your potential.三、完形填空outdoor experiences I’ve had on one hand. But a road trip to Nanshan Skiing Village inMy buddies had already started making their way down the hill, and I was about to join them but suddenly fear _____30_____ me as I noticed how easy it was to _____31_____ speed. I _____32_____ to swerve (突然转向) to the side to slow down, but ended up tumbling (摔倒) down into the snow.Not wanting to become _____33_____, I awkwardly reattached the ski. Although I still felt nervous, by accepting the risk I was able to ski more confidently and at last managed to make it down the whole ski slope (斜坡).By the day’s end, I had relearned what it _____34_____ to take risks and get out of my comfort zone. By accepting what seems _____35_____, you can find both confidence and peace within.21．A．cast B．claim C．account D．count 22．A．unbelievable B．unforgettable C．incredible D．horrible 23．A．truly B．initially C．eventually D．simply 24．A．took in B．took up C．brought in D．brought up 25．A．circumstance B．departure C．destination D．peak 26．A．awkwardly B．flexibly C．slowly D．eagerly 27．A．blamed B．thought C．regretted D．sighed 28．A．Nevertheless B．Therefore C．Although D．Furthermore 29．A．stably B．gracefully C．gently D．tightly 30．A．gained B．gathered C．swelled D．overwhelmed 31．A．pick out B．pick up C．take off D．take up 32．A．attempted B．proceeded C．adapted D．managed 33．A．panicked B．ashamed C．discouraged D．distracted 34．A．brought B．meant C．made D．took 35．A．impossible B．terrific C．upset D．scary四、用单词的适当形式完成短文阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
2022—2023 学年高二下学期开学考试英语试卷(新高考)笔试部分
2022—2023 学年高二下学期开学考试英语试卷（新高考）笔试注意事项：1. 答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、考生号等填写在答题卡上。
2. 回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。
如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。
回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上，写在本试卷上无效。
3. 考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
第一部分阅读（共两节，满分50分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
ACoach your favourite sports to poor children in schools. Help these children to get a structured sporting education and see their joy as they pick up new skills. If that’s not enough sport for you, you can even get involved in playing with local teams in your evenings and at weekends.DescriptionAs a volunteer sports coach, you and your group will head to 3 schools each day to coach your chosen sport or a variety of them. Sports coaching volunteering involves not just teaching the kids, but also acting as a good role model. Children are aged about 10–13 and are often new to playing sport in a structured environment. You don’t need to be a top player to take part (though any champions are welcome!) — it’s your patience and drive that will make the biggest effects.Which sports to coach?Sports coaching volunteers can choose to specialize in coaching just one sport, but often we find that it is best to combine several sports for more variety. The freedom to choose between different sports makes the weeks even more diverse. Follow the links to find out more about each sport.Accommodation·The accommodation is located in a leafy suburb 10 minutes’ drive from the city centre and the seafront.·Sports volunteers share accommodation with childcare and teaching volunteers.FoodAll dietary requirements can be catered for, as long as we know about them in advance. Coaching children in sport will make you hungry — many volunteers choose to supplement (补充) their meals with snacks bought in the local shops, just 10 minutes’ walk away. There is a volunteer kitchen where participants can do any cooking they wish outside of mealtimes.Want to go travelling afterwards?We can arrange a week-long Garden Route tour after your time on the project. Follow the link to find out more about the Garden Route Tour.1. What can a volunteer do in the evenings if he wants to do more sports?A. Drive to the supermarket.B. Pay a visit to 3 schools.C. Match with local teams.D. Have a Garden Route tour.2. Which is the most important as sports coaching volunteers?A. Being a top player.B. Being skilled in various sports.C. Being able to cook well.D. Being motivated and patient.3. Where is the text probably from?A. A web page.B. A news magazine.C. A travel guide.D. An education paper.BInstead of escaping the summer heat in air-conditioning indoors, Mustafa Furkan Ozgener prefers the sunshine in an experimental seed field of over 200 kinds of melons in Pingluo County, Northwest China’s Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region. Picking melons, weighing them, observing their growth, tasting, recording and taking pictures, the 31-year-old Turkish man runs his tests on up to 50 kinds of melons every day. “I love working in the field. Melons are favored in Turkey in the hot summers and my job here is to choose the best kinds for Turkish customers,” he said.Influenced by his father who used to do business in China, Ozgener majored in Chinese at university and therefore expected a journey to China one day. The young man visited China for the first time as an exchange student in Beijing. Two years later, Ozgener applied for a master’s degree in tourism management at China’s Sun Yat-sen University. Since then, he’s traveled around the country to learn about the colorful Chinese culture and enjoy different dishes. “The more I learn about China, the more I want to stay here,” said Ozgener. He worked as a translator in Ningxia after graduation.The company Ozgener works for now is a scientific and technological enterprise engaged in vegetable planting, production, promotion, import and export. It has bred over 70 new varieties of seeds and exported seeds to 27 countries and regions in Asia and Africa, including the Middle East.Before the outbreak of COVID-19, Ozgener would spend two months in Hainan and another four months in Ningxia to help foreign clients select seeds. Then he would go back to Turkey. But due to the epidemic (流行病), he has stayed in Ningxia for more than a year, observing and selecting target seeds in the field every day.“I used to do translation work only, but now I’m also responsible for all the stuff related to the seeds. It’s tiring but rewarding, because I can learn a lot. I will continue to pursue my dream here,” said Ozgener.4. Why does Ozgener work in the melon field in Ningxia?A. He likes the hot weather there.B. He prefers eating melons there.C. He loves working in the field there.D. His father wants him to work there.5. What do we know about Ozgener?A. He learned Chinese in Beijing as an exchange student.B. He worked in the field in Hainan after graduation.C. He traveled around China the first time he came there.D. He had a greater interest in China as time went by.6. What kind of person is Ozgener?A. Hard-working and determined.B. Energetic and patient.C. Kind and devoted.D. Ambitious and confident.7. What is the text mainly about?A. A man’s wonderful journey to China.B. Planting and selling melons in Turkey.C. A tiring job in the field in a hot summer.D. Going after a dream of planting seeds in Ningxia.CNow, a study proves that gardens are more than just a pretty place. The study, by researchers at Illinois State University, demonstrates that such constructed gardens can have a measurable and positive impact on water quality.Floating gardens are essentially platforms built and wrapped in coconut husks (椰子壳), and filled in with native plantings. As plants grow, they extend their roots into the water. On the North Branch of the Chicago River, non-profit Urban Rivers and its partners are developing a mile-long floating eco-park called the Wild Mile. The re-development of this former industrial canal is Urban Rivers’ important project. As part of the park, floating gardens, attached to shore, are being fixed.The primary aim of the floating gardens is beautification. But the Illinois State team, from the University’s Department of Geology, Geography, and the Environment, saw an ideal setup for a controlled experiment. “We joined it because it’s the perfect opportunity to see if there’s an influence on water quality,” explains lead author Abigail Heath.The study is novel: previous studies have explored floating gardens’ influence on water quality over time, primarily in wastewater treatment ponds, but not over space, in moving water. The project also matches well with Urban Rivers’ broader goals. “The city is interested in bettering water quality,” says Phil Nicodemus, Urban Rivers’ Director of Research. “Happily, Illinois State took part in it later.”Could this small human-made park improve water quality? An average of data collected over the course of the study shows middle but definitive improvement. For example, nitrogen (氮) dropped from 4.69 milligrams per liter in surface water to 4.43 milligrams per liter, a drop of about 1 percent.“Despite how small this garden was, there was measurable improvement in water quality from upstream to downstream,” notes Heath. She and her colleagues see this as a model for how large floating gardens should be to help improve water in similar settings. “Even this tiny garden makes a difference,” she says.8. What can be inferred from the second paragraph?A. The floating gardens are environmentally friendly.B. The floating gardens are fixed everywhere in the eco-park.C. The floating gardens can help fix the former parks.D. The Urban Rivers were once industrial canals.9. What is the main reason to build the floating gardens?A. To reduce waste water.B. To attract more visitors to the park.C. To make the surroundings brilliant.D. To help researchers do the experiment.A. The floating garden.B. The project.C. The treatment of ponds.D. The quality of water.11. Which of the following could be the best title for the text?A. Floating Gardens: More than PrettyB. The Best Way to Better Water QualityC. A Practical Method of Improving ParksD. Floating Gardens Beautify the CityDStressed at work and feeling your blood pressure rise? People all over the world are told by their doctors to try for a low-sodium (钠) diet to treat high blood pressure or other diseases, but there’s no denying that salt makes food taste good. Fortunately, Japanese researchers at Tokyo’s Meiji University and the manufacturer Kirin have developed high-tech chopsticks that enhance salty tastes, potentially helping those who need to reduce sodium in their diets.These wired-up chopsticks are actually part of a device that the researchers say can enhance the salty flavor of low-sodium foods. And when they were tested on participants for the first time, results showed that the high-tech chopsticks increase perceived (察觉到) saltiness in foods by about 1.5 times.According to the research team, the basic principle is that the extra salty flavor is perceived due to extremely weak electric currents conveyed directly into the mouth through the tip of one of the chopsticks. Scientists have apparently been using this kind of weak electricity to play with flavors in the lab for years, but these chopsticks in particular are set to adjust the activity of ions (离子) in sodium chloride (table salt), which enhances salty flavor.And do these chopsticks work as expected? To verify the effect of the new chopsticks, the researchers conducted an experiment on a total of 36 participants aged 40 to 65, all of whom were eating a low-sodium diet. If nothing else, one thing was clear: participants using the chopsticks tasted more salt than they did without. Results show that they even thought that low-sodium food eaten with the high-tech chopsticks tasted saltier than regular food made with an average amount of sodium, and eaten with normal chopsticks.The chopsticks aren’t on store shelves quite yet, but with promising results, people around the world who are unhappily devoted to a low-sodium diet might just be excited for any updates to come!12. What is the main function of the future high-tech chopsticks?A. To treat blood pressure.B. To test how salty a dish is.C. To increase the saltiness of food.D. To help reduce salt intake.13. How do the high-tech chopsticks work?A. By sending warning information to the brain.B. By changing the saltiness of food with electric shocks.C. By using electricity to transport ions between chopsticks.D. By tricking our brains into tasting extra salt.A. Confirm.B. Improve.C. Change.D. Strengthen.15. What is the writer’s attitude toward the future of the chopsticks?A. Doubtful.B. Optimistic.C. Uncertain.D. Pessimistic.第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
黑龙江省大庆实验中实验二部2023-2024学年高二下学期开学考试英语试题(原卷版+解析版)
大庆实验中学实验二部2022级高(二)下学期开学考试英语试题第一部分：听力(共两节，满分20分)第一节(共5小题;每小题1分，满分5分)听下面5段对话。
每段对话后面有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C 三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。
听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。
每段对话仅读一遍。
1. When is Grandpa’s birthdayA. On May 6th.B. On May 7th.C. On May 8th.2. What does the girl advise the man to doA. Look for a job.B. Take classes.C. Stay at home.3. Where will the man go for the holiday probablyA. To London.B. To Toronto.C. To his hometown.4. Where are the speakersA. In an airplane,B. In a boat.C. On the ground.5. What happened to Peter’s bikeA. A tree fell on it.B. Someone stole it.C. It got broken.第二节(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)听下面5段对话或独白。
每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。
听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟;听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。
每段对话或独白读两遍。
听下面一段对话，回答第6和第7小题6. Which bus goes to River DriveA. No.16.B. No.14.C. No.6.7. What will the woman ask the bus driverA. Where to change buses.B. The ticket price.C. How to get some change.听下面一段对话，回答第8和第9小题8. What did Jane like to do as a childA Make snowballs. B. Go skating. C. Sweep away the snow.9. What’s the weather like todayA. Snowy and cold.B. Cloudy and windy.C. Snowy and warm.听下面一段对话，回答第10至第12小题10. When will the man returnA. On Wednesday.B. On Saturday.C. On Friday.11. How much will the man pay for his journeyA. $ 850.B. $815.C. $425.12. What do we know about the man’s journeyA. Drinking is not allowed.B. A lunch will be served.C. He can enjoy a video program.听下面一段对话，回答第13至第16小题13. How long has the woman been in hospitalA. For one week.B. For ten days.C. For two weeks.14. When can the woman leave the hospitalA. In two weeks.B. Tomorrow.C. Uncertain.15. What’s the doctor’s suggestion for the womanA. To have medical checks regularly.B. To take the medicine every day.C. To avoid any physical exercise.16. How soon will the woman get well completelyA. In a few days.B. In a long time.C. As soon as she leaves the hospital.听下面一段独白，回答第17至第20小题17. What did Clara do during the Civil WarA. She joined the army.B. She helped the wounded.C. She urged to stop the war.18. What did Clara do after the Civil WarA. She collected money to help the wounded.B. She considered setting up the American Red Cross.C. She led a group to search for missing soldiers.19. When did Clara return from SwitzerlandA. In 1869.B. In 1873.C. In 1881.20. How long did Clara serve as the American Red Cross’s presidentA. Over 20 yearsB. About 12 years.C. Over 4 years.第二部分：阅读理解(共两节，满分50分)第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项。
黑龙江省双鸭山市第一中学2020_2021学年高二英语下学期开学考试试题
某某省双鸭山市第一中学2020-2021学年高二英语下学期开学考试试题第一部分阅读理解：总计40分第一节（包括4个阅读理解，共15个小题，每小题2分，共计30分）AIt was a dark and stormy night. I was about to go to bed when I heard a tapping sound on mywindow.“Who's there?”I shouted. Suddenly there was a flash of lightning; I saw a face at the window. It looked like an alien（外星人）--- an alien that I had seen on the television show, “the X files”.I felt very scared. I ran to my bed and pulled my blanket over my head. I started to shout for my parents but there was no reply. Then I remembered that they were at a fancy dress party.I looked out of my blanket but it was too dark to see anything. Then I heard footsteps. They were getting louder and louder. I ran to my drawer to take out my camera and started to take pictures in the direction of the window. Soon the footsteps died off.The grandfather clock struck. It was 12 midnight. I went back to my bed and tried to sleep. But I could not sleep. I felt too frightened. I sat up, and my mind was full of thoughts. Time passed --- finally, I fell asleep.I woke up only after eight and decided to find out what it had been. I found somefootprints outside my bedroom window. I measured them with a ruler and found them to be exactly the same size as my father's shoes. I then went to town to get the film developed. I didn't realize that I did not use the flash until I saw the black photos.When I reached home, I told my father the whole incident and he started to laugh. I started laughing too when he told me that he had dressed up as an alien for the party. T oday, I am still amused to think I was so afraid of my own father.1. The writer took photos _____A. for the partyB. just for funC. to scare the alien awayD. to find out what it was2. What could the writer see in the photos?A. An alien’s face.B. Nothing.C. His father’s face.D. A flash.3. Which of the following statements is TRUE?A. The writer was afraid of his fatherB. The writer stayed alone that night.C. The writer didn’t sleep at all that night.D. The writer dressed up as an alien.BMost humans are able to recognize about 1 million different colors, but some people can't recognize this many because of something called colorblindness(色盲). In rare cases, some people can't see any colors at all.There are three cone-shaped(锥形的)cells at the back of our eyes that allow us to see colors. These cells absorb tight waves and send a message to the brain, where the image is processed.If something is wrong with these cone-shaped cells, this can result in colorblindness.Thankfully, special color-correcting glasses have already been made to help fix some types or colorblindness. Now, according to research published in Optics Letters, scientists have provided another choice.Sharon Karepov and T al Ellenbogen, engineers from Tel Aviv University in Israel, have found a way to apply this technology to contact lenses(隐形眼镜). This is good news for the millions of people worldwide who suffer from colorblindness.One of the most mon types of colorblindness is red-green colorblindness. People who have this specific type have difficulty telling the colors red and green apart. "Problems with distinguishing red from green stop simple daily routines such as deciding whether a banana is ripe," Karepov explained.Karepov also stressed the importance of applying this finding to create special contact lenses instead of relying on color-correcting glasses."Glasses based on this correction concept are mercially available. However, they are too big than contact lenses." Karepov said. "Our contact lenses create a customized, pact and durable(耐用的)way to deal with these shortings."This new research is groundbreaking. In addition to offering those who are colorblind another option, it may lead to solutions for other visual damage.4. What can cause colorblindness according to the article?A. Only one type of cone-shaped cell exists in the eyes.B. Cone-shaped cells probably don't work properly.C. Cone-shaped cells cannot process images received.D. The brain fails to absorb and process light waves.5. What is true about people with colorblindness?A. They can recognize 1 million different colors.B. They are not interested in colorful stuff.C. They may find daily tasks more difficult.D. They have fewer cone-shaped cells than other people.6. What is the advantage of the contact lenses over the glasses?A. They are much cheaper.B. They are easier to make.C. They are of smaller size.D. They can help correct colorblindness.7.Why is Sharon Karepov and Tal Ellenbogen's research groundbreaking?A. It could lead to solutions for other visual damage.B. It has found causes of visual damage.C. It has led to a cure for colorblindness.D. It has helped to develop glasses to fix visual damage.CThe ancient Herculaneum scrolls (卷轴) are thought to contain works of important thinkers in ancient Greece. But the scrolls can’t be unrolled. Even a light wind threatens to reduce them to dust. The reason is that they were turned into carbon by a natural disaster in A.D. 79.But now researchers from the University of Kentucky have found a way to lookinside the scrolls without having to touch them. They first create a light that is 10 billion times brighter than the sun by taking advantage of a machine. Then they will use the light to go through the Herculaneum scrolls to study and finally read the words recorded on the scrolls. Researchers think it might take them six months to read the scrolls.This isn’t the first time researchers have tried to read the Herculaneum scrolls. Several years ago scientists from the European Synchrotron Radiation Facility(ESRF) worked on uncovering the mystery using an X-ray beam 100 billion times brighter than anything used in a hospital. This didn’t allow scientists to actually read the scrolls, but it allowed them to make one surprising discovery. The scrolls were written in metallic ink, a writing technology that scientists didn’t know existed at the time the scrolls were penned.“For a long time, we thought our studies have let us know everything about the ancient ink used to write on scrolls. Now we find it’s not the case. This shows that we should tell ourselves it may not be true when thinking we fully know something once some research is done,”said Daniel Delattre, one of the study’s authors.The finding wasn’t just a historical interest. To learn just how special these scrolls are, consider that the thinker Chrysippus in ancient Greece is said to have written over 70 works; but all are lost, with the exception of a few works found in the Herculaneum scrolls. In other words, it’s possible that these scrolls represent the only existing plete works left by this great thinker. And who knows what other great works could exist in the scrolls?8. What do we know about the Herculaneum scrolls?A. They were damaged by people in A.D. 79.B. They’re impossible to read for a long time.C. They have been poorly kept in the past few years.D. They can be easily found in the libraries at present.9. What’s Paragraph 2 mainly about?A. The reasons why scientists create a powerful light.B. The new method to read the Herculaneum scrolls.C. The parisons of the man-made light with the sunlight.D. The advantages of using machine to study the Herculaneum scrolls.10. What achievement did the ESRF’s scientists make?A. Creating a kind of ink similar to the ancient one.B. Finding more about the ancient way to record information.C. Showing the paper material used for the Herculaneum scrolls.D. Making clear some words written in the Herculaneum scrolls.11. Chrysippus’works are mentioned in the last paragraph to show ________.A. the culture of ancient Greece helps us know its situation thenB. the thoughts of ancient thinkers are widely spreadC. the Herculaneum scrolls are recognized by different writersD. the Herculaneum scrolls are probably of great valueDAsk people in the UK what the words “Sunday roast”mean to them, and they’ll probably take you back to their grandmothers’dining rooms - maybe with a few stories of “the greatest puddings”and “the best ever steak”. But now the traditional Sunday roast seems to have been left back in the old days. According to the DailyMail, just one in 50 British families sits down to this weekly meal together.There are many reasons why the roast is being less popular. In the busy modern world, where breakfast is a slice of toast eaten on the way to work or school and lunch is a quick sandwich in front of the puter screen, people just don’t seem to have the time or patience to make a roast.And Sunday was once a day when people could easily go to the kitchen to cook. Nowadays, people are often out shopping or at the cinema until it’s far too late to start thinking about heating the oven (烤箱) up.However, a recent article from The Telegraph warned against being carried away by our tight schedules: “It would be a shame to let this fine old tradition disappear.”The Guardian further explained that the eating of the big meal is only the half of it. The Sunday roast also makes for relaxed morning activities in the kitchen, and the table bees the perfect place to share good food and chat with family and friends. “For busy moms and dads, even if you can manage to turn off your mobile phone and the TV only once a week and turn the Sunday roast into a real family event, children can have fun cooking the food and clearing up together.”12. Why do people pay less attention to Sunday roast?A. They lead a busy life.B. They have no interest in cooking.C They don’t think it worthwhile.D They are living in the modern society.13. What does the underlined word “it”in the last paragraph refer to?A. A recent article.B. A traditional kitchen.C. The fine old tradition.D. The Sunday morning activity.14. How does the author feel towards Sunday roast’s dying out?A. Doubtful.B. Sorry.C. Uncertain.D. Positive15. What is the best title for the passage?A. Sunday-Best Time for FamilyB. Let’s Sit Down T ogetherC. It’s the Perfect Time for UsD. Sunday Roast Dying Out第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。
重庆市万州第二高级中学2023-2024学年高二下学期开学考试英语试题
重庆市万州第二高级中学2023-2024学年高二下学期开学考试英语试题一、听力选择题1．What is “couscous”?A．A new hotel.B．A kind of food.C．A close relative.2．How will the speakers go to the Sports Complex?A．By bus.B．By taxi.C．By subway.3．What will the weather be like today?A．Windy.B．Sunny.C．Rainy.4．In which city did the woman and John stay the longest?A．Vienna.B．Rome.C．Paris.5．Why has the man come a long way to see the woman?A．To have an interview.B．To ask about a lawyer.C．To register an advertisement.听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。
6．When will the speakers have their picnic?A．On Friday.B．On Saturday.C．On Sunday.7．Who will go to the market?A．Johnny’s mother.B．Lucy’s parents.C．Johnny and Lucy.听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。
8．Where are the speakers?A．In a restaurant.B．In a bookstore.C．In a supermarket.9．What does the man have to do now?A．Sign his name.B．Wait for his turn.C．Call his friend.听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。
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高二英语下学期开学考试试题第一部分听力（共两节，满分 30 分）做题时，请将答案标在试卷上，录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。
第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）听下面 5 段对话，每段对话后有一个小题。
从题中所给的 A、B、C 三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。
听完每段对话后，你都有 10 秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。
每段对话仅读一遍。
1. When did the play start?A. Five minutes ago.B. Ten minutes ago.C. Fifteen minutes ago.2. Where will the speakers have their meal?A. At home.B. At a restaurant.C. At the student canteen.3. Why does the man skip class?A. He has to feed his dog.B. The class isn’t int eresting.C. He prefers to study by himself.4. Why was Jim arrested?A. He drove too fast.B. He stole something.C. He killed somebody.5. How will the speakers get to the cinema?A. By car.B. On foot.C. By bus.第二节听下面5段对话或独白。
每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。
听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读每个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。
每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。
6. What did the woman do last week?A. She finished a paper.B. She watched a video.C. She watched a TV show.7. What advice does the woman give the man?A. Copy her notes.B. Go to the library.C. Talk to Prof. Cohen.听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。
8. How much is the dinner?A. $15.B. $30.C. $50.9. Where are the speakers?A. At home.B. In a restaurant.C. In a hotel.听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。
10. When will a double room be available?A. Next Monday.B. Next Saturday.C. Next Sunday.11. How much is a single room with a queen-size bed?A. $60 per night.B. $100 per night.C. $180 per night.12. What is important to the woman?A. Having a bright room.B. Having a large room.C. Having a quiet room.听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。
13. What is the man doing?A. Having lunch.B. Eating dinner.C. Making breakfast.14. What kind of cheese does the woman prefer?A. Blue cheese.B. Swiss cheese.C. American cheese.15. What does the man offer the woman besides cheese?A. Pizza.B. A sandwich.C. Fish.16. Where will the woman go next?A. To a store.B. To her house.C. To the cafeteria.听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。
17. How high has the average temperature been so far this week?A. In the 80s.B. In the low 70s.C. In the high 60s.18. When will it begin to rain?A. At about 6:30 p.m.B. At around 7:30 p.m.C. At about 8:30 p.m.19. What will the weather be like tomorrow?A. Windy and cool.B. Sunny and hot.C. Cloudy and cold.20. Who might Hal Murdock be?A. A radio host.B. A TV weatherman.C. A sports news reporter.第二部分阅读理解 (共两节,满分35分)第一节（共10小题，每题2.5分，满分25分）ANow，we know that if we do not get enough vitamins，we are at the risk of developing a number of diseases. As a result，vitamin supplements(补品)，though expensive，are popular with people who worry that they are not getting enough vitamins from the foods they eat. But contrary to what many people think，medical experts have found little evidence that most supplements do anything to improve health or protect against diseases.In fact，medical experts warn that taking too many of some vitamins can be harmful. For example，too much vitamin E can cause bleeding. People should discuss what vitamins they take with their doctors，as some vitamins can produce harmful side effects when mixed with medicines.Experts，however，do say that sometimes vitamins can help prevent diseases. People who know they lack a particular vitamin should take vitamin supplements. Some older adults, for example，may not have enough vitamin B12.This is because，as people get older，their body loses its ability to take it from foods. Also，people who spend much time inside may need some extra vitamin D as the skin makes this vitamin from sunlight.Different vitamins are found in different foods. Vitamin A is found in fish liver oil.It's also in the yellow part of eggs. Sweet potatoes，carrots and other darkly coloured fruit and vegetables contain substances that the body can change into vitamin A．Vitamin B12 is found in green leafy vegetables and other foods，like fruit. Vitamin K can be found in pork products.In fact，for most people，a balanced diet can ensure enough vitamins our bodies need. So，it is important for us to eat a mixture of foods every day to ensure that we get enough vitamins.21．What is probably talked about before this passage?A．How many vitamins a person's body needs.B．How many vitamins some foods contain.C．The benefits that vitamins bring to our health.D．What people should do to stay healthy.22．From the passage，we can learn that medical experts advise people ________．A．never to take any vitamin supplementsB．to depend only on foods for their vitaminsC．not to take any vitamins together with medicinesD．to consult their doctors before taking vitamin supplements23．What would be the best title for the passage?A．Getting enough vitamins through a balanced dietB．Vitamin supplements do harm to our healthC．Vitamins are important to our healthD．Lacking vitamins can cause many diseasesBIt is a question that has confused parents for decades: Why do children refuse to eat greens?Now, two American experts believe they have the answer.After studying dozens of babies as they played with various objects, the researchers noted that they were far more unwilling to grasp plants than other things. They believe this is because evolution (进化) has biologically made children be wary of plants.Due to susceptibility (敏感性) to illness or injury in the early years of life, the body has designed an inner defence mechanism (机制) that limits a child's contact with plants, they think. The researchers believe this is why babies in the study were afraid of grabbing plants and why children turn their noses up when faced with a plate of broad beans.The findings are published in a paper by Dr Annie E. Wertz and Dr Karen Wynn, both psychologists at Yale University.They wrote，“Throughout human evolution…plants have been essential to h uman existence. Yet, for all of these benefits, plants have always caused very real dangers.”“Plants produce toxins (毒素) as defences that can be harmful, or even deadly. Some plants also employ physical defences, such as thorns and poisonous oils that can damage tissues (组织) and cause effects over the whole body.”They added，“We predicted that babies may have behavioural strategies that reduce their exposure to dangers posed by plants by minimizing their physical contact with plants.”To test their theory, the researchers studied how children aged eight to 18 months old reacted when presented with a variety of objects. It took much longer for children to grab plants; objects that were faked to look like plants also caused a slow response time.For parents attempting to spoon some peas into the mouth of their child, this finding should come as welcome relief.24．What does the underlined word “wary” in the third paragraph mean?A．Curious. B．Afraid. C．Tired. D．Certain.25．What did early humans probably do to survive?A．They chose to make more artificial things.B．They forbade their children to touch plants.C．They chose to have little contact with plants.D．They tried very hard to escape from predators.26．Which is the best title for the text?A．Give children more fun things to doB．The survival instinct (本能) is to blameC．What kind of things are healthyD．Infants of eight to eighteen months oldCAre some people born clever, and others born stupid? Or is intelligence developed by our environment and our experiences? Strangely enough, the answer to both these questions is yes.To some degree, our intelligence is given to us at birth, and no amount of special education can make a genius out of a child born with low intelligence. On the other hand, a child who lives in a boring environment will develop his intelligence less than one who lives in rich and varied surroundings．Thus the limits of a person's intelligence are fixed at birth, but whether or not he reaches those limits will depend on his environment. This view, now held by most experts, can be supported in a number of ways.It is easy to show that intelligence is to some degree something we are born with. The closer the blood relationship between two people, the closer they are likely to be in intelligence. Thus if we take two unrelated people at random(随机地) from the population, it is likely that their degrees of intelligence will be completely different. If on the other hand we take two identical(完全相同的) twins, they will very likely be as intelligent as each other. Relations like brothers and sisters, parents and children, usually have similar intelligence, and this clearly suggests that intelligence depends on birth.Imagine now that we take two identical twins and put them in different environments. We might send one, for example, to a university and the other to a factory where the work is boring. We would soon find differences in intelligence developing, and this indicates that environment as well as birth plays a part. This conclusion is also suggested by the fact that people who live in close contact with each other, but who are not related at all, are likely to have similar degrees of intelligence.27．Which of these sentences best describes the writer's point in Para.1? A．To some degree, intelligence is given at birth.B．Intelligence is developed by the environment.C．Some people are born clever and others born stupid.D．Intelligence is fixed at birth, but is developed by the environment.28．It is suggested in this passage that________.A．unrelated people are not likely to have similar intelligenceB．close relations usually have similar intelligenceC．the closer the blood relationship between people, the more different they are likely to be in intelligenceD．people who live in close contact with each other are not likely to have similar degrees of intelligence29．In Para.1, the word “surroundings” means “________”.A．intelligence B．lifeC．environments D．housing30．The best title for this article would be “________”.A．On intelligenceB．What intelligence meansC．We are born with intelligenceD．Environment plays a part in developing intelligence第二节（共 5 个小题；每小题 2 分，满分 10 分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。