2016年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试新课标Ⅱ卷
2016年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试语文（新课标Ⅱ卷）注意事项：1．本试卷分第I卷（阅读题）和第Ⅱ卷（表达题）两部分。
答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。
2．作答时，将答案写在答题卡上．写在本试卷上无效。
3．考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
第I卷阅读题甲必考题―、现代文阅读（9分，每小题3分）阅读下面的文宇，完成1〜3題．人们常说“小说是讲故事的艺术”，但故事不等于小说，故事讲述人与小说家也不能混为一谈。
就传统而言，讲故事的人讲述亲身经历或道题听途说的故事，口耳相传，把它们转化为听众的经验；小说家则通常记录见闻传说，虚构故事，经过艺术处理，把它们变成小说交给读者。
除流传形式上的简单差异外，早期小说和故事的本质区别并不明显，经历和见闻是它们的共同要素，在传统较为落后的过去，作为远行者的商人和水手最适合充当故事讲述人的角色，故事的丰富程度与远行者的游历成正比。
受此影响，国外古典小说也常以人物的经历为主线组织故事，《荷马史诗》《一千零一夜》都是描述某种特殊的经历和遭遇，《唐吉可德》中的故事是唐吉可德的行侠奇遇和所见所闻，17世纪欧洲的流浪汉小说也体现游历见闻的连缀。
在中国民间传说和历史故事为志怪和史传类的小说提供了用之不竭的素材，话本等古典小说形式也显示出小说和传统故事的亲密关系。
虚构的加强使小说和传统之间的区别清晰起来。
小说中的故事可以来自想象，不一定是作者的亲历亲闻。
小说家常闭门构思，作品大多诞生于他们的离群索居的时候，小说家可以闲坐在布宜诺斯艾利斯的图书馆中，或者在巴黎一间终年不见阳光的阁楼里，杜撰他们想象中的历险故事，但是，一名水手也许历尽千辛万苦才能把在东印度群岛听到的故事带回伦敦；一个匠人瓢泼一生，积攒下无数的见闻、掌故或趣事，当他晚年坐在火炉旁给孩子们讲述这一切的时候，他本人就是故事的一部分。
传统故事是否值得转述，往往只取决于故事本事的趣味性和可流传性，与传统讲故事的方式不同，小说家一般并不单纯转述故事，他是在从事故事的制作和生产，有深思熟虑的讲述目的。
就现代小说而言，虚构一个故事并非其首要功能，现代小说的繁荣对应的故事不同程度的减损或逐渐消失，现代小说家对待故事的方式复杂多变，以实现他们特殊的叙事目的。
小说家呈现人生，有时会写到难以言喻的个人经验，他们会调整讲故事的方式，甚至将虚构和表述的重心掷到故事之外。
在这些小说家笔下，故事成了幌子，故事之外的附加信息显得更有意味。
16世纪末期以来，小说家对小说故事性的破坏日趋强烈。
这时，一个故事的好坏并不看它的“成色”如何，而是取决于讲故事的方式。
契诃夫曾经把那些不好好讲故事的小说家称为“耍弄蹩脚花招的人”，但这种花招的大量出现也有其内在的合理性—他们要摆脱陈旧的故事模式，摆脱虚假的因果关系和矫揉造作的戏剧冲突，甚至摆脱故事本身。
现代小说家认为，传统的故事模式早已失去了弹性和内在活力，也失去了起初的存在价值，那些千百年来一直在给小说提供养料的故事模式已经成为制约想象力的障碍之一。
（摘编自格非《塞壬的歌声》）1．下列关于原文内容的表述，不正确的一项是（3分）（）A．讲故事的人不一定是小说家，小说家在讲故事的时候，不像传统的故事讲述者那么依赖亲身经历和耳闻目睹的事。
请考生在第三、四两大题中选定其中一大题作答。
注意：作答时必须用2B铅笔在答题卡上把所选大题题号后的方框涂黑。
只能做所选定大题内的小題，不得选做另一大题内的小题。
如果多做，则按所做的第一大题计分。
三、文学类文本阅读（25分）11．阅读下面的文字，完成（1）～（4）题。
（25分）战争【美】迈尔尼1941年9月，我在伦敦被炸伤，住进了医院，我的军旅生涯就此黯然结束。
我对自己很失望，对这场战争也很失望。
一天深夜，我想给一位朋友打电话，接线生把我的电话接到了一位妇女的电话线上，她当时也正准备跟别人通话。
“我是格罗斯文诺8829，”我听见她对接线生说，“我要的是汉姆普斯特的号码，你接错了，那个倒霉蛋并不想跟我通话。
”“哦，我想是。
”我忙插嘴。
她的声音很柔和，也很清晰，我立刻喜欢上了它。
我们相互致歉后，挂上了话筒。
可是两分钟后，我又拨通了她的号码，也许是命中注定我们要通话，我们在电话中交谈了20多分钟。
“你干吗三更半夜找人说话呢？”她问。
我跟她说了原因，然后反问“那么你呢？”她说她老母亲睡不好觉，她常常深夜打电话与她聊聊天，之后我们又谈了谈彼此正在读的几本书，还有这场战争。
最后我说：“我有好多年没这样畅快地跟人说话了。
”“是吗？好了，就到这里吧，晚安，祝你做个好梦。
”她说。
第二天整整一天，我老在想昨晚的对话情形，想她的机智、大方、热情和幽默感。
当然还有那悦耳的口音，那么富有魅力，像乐曲一样老在我的脑海里回旋。
到了晚上，我简直什么也看不进。
午夜时，格罗斯文诺8829老在我脑海里闪现。
我实在难以忍受，颤抖着拨了那个号码。
电话线彼端的铃声刚响，就马上被人接起来。
“哈罗？”“是我。
”我说，“真对不起，打扰你了，我们继续谈昨晚的话题，行吗？”没说行还是不行，她立即谈起了巴尔扎克的小说《贝姨》。
不到两分钟，我们就相互开起玩笑，好像是多年的至交。
这次我们谈了45分钟。
午夜时光和相互的不认识，打破了两人初交时的拘谨。
我们提议彼此介绍一下各自的身份，可是她婉言谢绝了。
她说这会把事情全弄糟，不过她留下了我的电话号码。
我一再许诺为她保留，直到战争结束。
于是她说了一些她的情况，17岁时她嫁给一个自己不喜欢的男人，以后一直分居。
她今年36岁，唯一的儿子在前不久的一次空袭中被炸死了，年仅18岁。
他是她的一切。
她常常跟他说话，好像他还活着。
她形容他像朝霞一样美，就跟她自己一样，于是她给我留下了一幅美丽的肖像，我说她一定很美，她笑了，问道：“你怎么知道的？”我们越来越相互依赖，什么都谈。
我们在大部分话题上看法相似，包括对战争的看法，我们开始读同样的书，以增加谈话的情趣。
每天夜晚，不管多晚，我们都要通一次话。
如果哪天我因事出城，没能通话，她就会埋怨说她那天晚上寂寞得辗转难眠。
随着时间的推移，我愈来愈渴望见到她。
我有时吓唬她说我要找辆出租车立刻奔到她跟前。
可是她不允许，她说如果我们相见后发现彼此并不相爱，她会死掉的。
整整12个月，我是在期待中度过的。
我们的爱情虽然近在咫尺，却绕过了狂暴的感情波澜，正平稳地驶向永恒的彼岸。
通话的魅力胜过了秋波和拥抱。
一天晚上，我刚从乡间赶回伦敦，就连忙拿起话筒拨她的号码。
一阵嘶哑的尖叫声代替了往日那清脆悦耳的银铃声，我顿时感到一阵晕眩。
这意味着那条电话线出了故障或者被拆除了。
第二天仍旧是嘶哑的尖叫。
我找到接线生，请求他们帮我查查格罗斯文诺8829的地址，起先他们不理睬我，因为我说不出她的名字。
后来一位富有同情心的接线小姐答应帮我查查。
“当然可以。
”她说，“你好像很焦急。
是吗？嗯，这个号码所属的那片区域前天夜里挨了炸弹，号码主人叫……”“谢谢，”我说，“别说了，请你别说了。
”我放下了话筒。
（沈东子译，有删改）（1）下列对小说相关内容和艺术特色的分析鉴赏，最恰当的两项是（5分）（）（）A．小说以“1941年9月，我在伦敦被炸伤”开头，不仅是为了交代故事发生的时间地点，更是为了强调这是作者的一段亲身经历。
B．“我有好多年没这样畅快地跟人说话了”，话中有话，既委婉地表达了“我”对女主人公的喜爱之情，又为两人进一步交往作了铺垫。
C．得知事情真相时“我”只说了句“别说了，请你别说了”，就放下了话筒，这看似不合常情的表现，背后传达的却是难以言说的悲哀。
D．接线生的失误让两人相识，心灵的需要让他们相恋，无情的轰炸让他们永别，小说情节既在意料之外，又在情理之中，设计自然而精巧。
E．小说不仅描写了战时一对普通恋人的悲欢离合，也以真实的笔触，描绘了一幅世界反法西斯战争的历史画卷，表现了民众的必胜信念。
（2）小说中的女主人公有哪些性格特点？请简要分析。
（6分）（3）小说以“电话”为枢纽连接人物、安排情节。
这样处理有什么作用？请简要分析。
（6分）（4）小说写的只是战争中的一个小故事，却用了“战争”这样一个大题目，你认为这样处理合适吗？请结合全文，谈谈你的观点。
（8分）四、实用类文本阅读（25分）12阅读下面的文字，完成（1）〜（4）题。
（25分）吴文俊的数学世界吴文俊小学时成绩平平，也没有显示出独特的数学才华，初中时数学甚至得过零分，高中时最喜欢的是物理而非数学，但他从小就对读书有浓厚兴趣，初中时国文成绩一直不错，尽管高三时物理得了满分，但教物理的赵贻经老师却看出了他的数学潜力，力荐他入数学系。
正始中学决定，吴文俊必须报考数学系，才能得到每年一百块大洋的奖学金，加之他父母又不放心独子离开上海，吴文俊就进入了上海交大数学系，所谓“知之不如好之，好之不如乐之”，吴文俊向来是以兴趣为先导来读书的，因为他对物理有兴趣，甚至一度想要转系。
是大三时教数学的武崇林老师帮助他摆脱了专业上的困惑，使他认识到数学的巨大魅力。
1940年，吴文俊从交大毕业，先后在育英中学、培真中学担任数学教员，直到1946年见到了影响他一生的恩师陈省身，他才由一个普通的中学数学老师成为数学研究所的专业研究员。
对于吴文俊的数学研究，他的学生高小山总结说：“吴先生做拓扑研究，一下子就能抓住核心问题，为代数拓扑学的兴起作出了影响深远的贡献。
他从事机器定理证明也是这样，极其敏锐地看出了信息时代数学的发展趋势，他的研究受到中国古代数学的启发，汲取了中国传统数学的养分。
使用吴先生的方法，几乎所有数学定理的证明，都可以由计算机来完成，从而让人类把精力放到更加宏观的层面上去思考问题。
”对吴文俊来说，虽然最初选择数学是被动的，但综观其一生，数学已逐渐成为他生命的一部分。
从事数学研究，吴文俊特别强调数学思维。
他说：“要创新，就要独立思考，就不能总是跟着人家亦步亦趋，当然开始的时候参考借鉴也是必要的，牛顿就说过，他之所以获得成功，因为他站在巨人的肩膀上，才能看得远，所以不能忽略学习，可是除了学习之外，还要能够独立思考，这是创新的必要条件。
现在摆在中国面前的是，数学就要靠下一代、下下代在创新方面取得巨大成功，中华民族才可以得到复兴。
”吴文俊自己的经历就是很好的例子。
他在数学上的一些列成就，特别是他运用机械化思想来考察数学，发现了数学的不同侧面，并建立了新的模式，这全面得益于他的独辟蹊径。
对我国的数学基础教育，吴文俊也颇有心得。
我国中学生多次在国际奥数竞赛中获奖，被当作我国数学教育成功的证明，但吴文俊更赞同丘成桐的观点：“奥数应该是一种建立在兴趣之上的研究性、高层次学习，中国的奥数学习过分关注海量题目，直接与考试、竞赛挂钩，对系统学数学不利。
作为基础学科，应着重引导学习的兴趣，不应当过分追求功利。
”吴文俊同样清醒认识到：“竞赛获奖固然可贵，但也不能看得过重，因为它不能代表学生对数学的深度理解，也不能有效地训练数学思维。
【历史】2016年高考真题——全国Ⅱ卷(精校解析版)
2016年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试全国甲卷新课标全国Ⅱ(文综历史)24．(2016·课标全国Ⅱ，24)下图为三国曹魏《三体石经》的残片，经文中的每个字均用先秦古文、小篆等三种字体刻写。
这三种字体反映了( )A．当时统一文字的努力B．汉字演变的历史过程C．当时字体流行的实际状况D．汉字尚未形成完整的体系25．(2016·课标全国Ⅱ，25)两汉实行州郡推荐、朝廷考试任用的察举制；经魏晋九品中正制，至隋唐演变为自由投考、差额录用的科举制。
科举制更有利于( )A．选拔最优秀的官吏B．鉴别官员道德水平C．排除世家子弟入仕D．提升社会文化水平26．(2016·课标全国Ⅱ，26)宋代，有田产的“主户”只占民户总数20%左右，其余大都是四处租种土地的“客户”。
导致这种状况的重要因素是( )A．经济严重衰退B．土地政策调整C．坊市制度崩溃D．政府管理失控27．(2016·课标全国Ⅱ，27)福建各地族谱中有大量关于入台族裔回乡请祖先牌位赴台的记载，此类现象在清乾隆年间骤然增多。
这说明乾隆年间( )A．族谱编修顺应了移民的需求B．大陆移民已在台湾安居繁衍C．内地宗族开始整体迁移台湾D．两岸居民正常往来受到阻碍28．(2016·课标全国Ⅱ，28)19世纪中期以后，中国市场上的洋货日益增多，火柴、洋布等日用品，“虽穷乡僻壤，求之于市，必有所供”。
这种状况表明( )A．中国市场由被动开放转为主动开放B．商品经济基本取代自然经济C．日常生活与世界市场联系日趋密切D．中国关税主权开始丧失29．(2016·课标全国Ⅱ，29)1930年，鄂豫皖革命根据地英山县水稻单位面积产量增加二三成，有的甚至达到五成，出现“赤色区米价一元一斗，白色区一元只能买四五升”的情况。
这主要是因为根据地( )A．农民生产的积极性高涨B．红军英勇奋战保卫农民生产C．政府主要精力用于增产D．人民打破国民党的经济封锁30．(2016·课标全国Ⅱ，30)抗战胜利后，国民政府将日伪纺织企业合并，成立了国有的中纺公司。
2016年高考英语全国新课标Ⅱ卷(精校Word版,含答案)
新考纲高考系列英语2016普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(新课标II)英语（B卷）第Ⅰ卷第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）听下面5段对话。
每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。
听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。
每段对话仅读一遍。
例：How much is the shirt?A. £ 19. 15B. £ 9. 18C. £ 9. 15答案是C。
1. What will Lucy do at 11:30 tomorrow?A. Go out for lunch.B. See her dentist.C. Visit a friend.2. What is the weather like now?A. It‟s sunny.B. It‟s rainy.C. It‟s cloudy.3. Why does the man talk to Dr. Simpson?A. To make an apology.B. To ask for help.C. To discuss his studies.4. How will the woman get back from the railway station?A. By train.B. By car.C. By bus.5. What does Jenny decide to do first?A. Look for a job.B. Go on a trip.C. Get an assistant.第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）听下面5段对话或独白。
每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。
听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。
2016年全国统(新课标Ⅱ卷)
2016年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(新课标Ⅱ卷)英语第二部分阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）第一节(共15题：每小题2分，满分30分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
AWhat’s On?Electric Underground7.30pm－1.00am Free at the Cyclops TheatreDo you know who’s playing in your area? We’re bringing you a n evening of live rock and pop music from the best local bands. Are you interested in becoming a musician and getting a recording contract(合同)? If so, come early to the talk at 7.30pm by Jules Skye, a successful record producer. He’s going to talk about ho w you can find the right person to produce you music.Gee Whizz8.30pm-10.30pm Comedy at KaleidoscopeCome and see Gee Whizz perform. He’s the funniest stand-up comedian on the comedy scene. This joyful show will please everyone, from the youngest to the oldest. Gee Whizz really knows how to make you laugh! Our bar is open from 7.00pm for drinks and snacks(快餐).Simon’s Workshop5.00pm-7.30pm Wednesdays at Victoria StageThis is a good chance for anyone who wants to learn how to do comedy. The workshop looks at every kind of comedy, and practices many different ways of making people laugh. Simon is a comedian and actor who has 10 years’ experience of teaching comedy. His workshops are exciting and fun. An evening with Simon will give you the confidence to be funny.Charlotte Stone8.00pm-11.00pm Pizza WorldFine food with beautiful jazz music; this is a great evening out. Charlotte Stone will perform songs from her new best-selling CD, with James Pickering on the piano. The menu is Italian, with excellent meat and fresh fish, pizzas and pasta(面食). Book early to get a table. Our bar is open all day, and serves cocktails, coffee, beer, and white wine.1. Who can help you if you want to have your music produced?A. Jules Skye.B. Gee Whizz.C. Charlotte Stone.D. James Pickering.2. At which place can people of different ages enjoy a good laugh?A. The Cyclops TheatreB. KaleidoscopeC. Victoria StageD. Pizza World3. What do we know about Simon’s Workshop?A. It requires membership status.B. It lasts three hours each time.C. It is run by a comedy club.D. It is held every Wednesday.4. When will Charlotte Stone perform her songs?A. 5.00pm-7.30pm.B. 7.30pm－1.00am.C. 8.00pm-11.00pm.D. 8.30pm-10.30pm.BFive years ago, when I taught art at a school in Seattle, I used Tinkertoys as a test at the beginning of a term to find out something about my students. I put a small set of Tinkertoys in front of each student, and said:”Make something o ut of the Tinkertoys. You have 45 minutes today - and 45minutes each day for the rest of the week.”A few students hesitated to start. They waited to see the rest of the class would do. Several others checked the instructions and made something according to one of the model plans provided. Another group built something out of their own imaginations.Once I had a boy who worked experimentally with Tinkertoys in his free time. His constructions filled a shelf in the art classroom and a good part of his bedroom at home. I was delighted at the presence of such a student. Here was an exceptionally creative mind at work. His presence meant that I had an unexpected teaching assistant in class whose creativity wouldinfect(感染) other students.Encouraging this kind of thinking has a downside. I ran the risk of losing those students who had a different style of thinking. Without fail one would declare, ”But I’m just not creative.”“Do you dream at night when you’re asleep?”“Oh, sure.”“So tell me one of your most interesting dreams.” The student would tell something wildly imaginative. Flying in the sky or in a time machine or growing three heads. “That’s pretty creative. Who does that for you?”“Nobody. I do it.”“Really-at night, when you’re asleep?”“Sure.”zxx.k“Try doing it in the daytime, in class, okay?”5. The teacher used Tinkertoys in class in order to ________?A. know more about the studentsB. make the lessons more excitingC. raise the students’ interest in artD. teach the students about toy design6. What do we know about the boy mentioned in Paragraph 3?A. He liked to help his teacher.B. He preferred to study alone.C. He was active in class.D. He was imaginative.7. What does the underlined word “downside” in Paragraph 4 probably mean?A. Mistake.B. Drawback.C. Difficulty.D. Burden.8. Why did the teacher ask the students to talk about their dreams?A. To help them to see their creativity.B. To find out about their sleeping habits.C. To help them to improve their memory.D. To find out about their ways of thinking.CReading can be a social activity. Think of the people who belong to book groups. They choose books to read and then meet to discuss them. Now, the website turns the page on the traditional idea of a book group.Members go on the site and register the books they own and would like to share. BookCrossing provides an identification number to stick inside the book. Then the person leaves it in a public place, hoping that the book will have an adventure, traveling far and wide with each new reader who finds it.Bruce Pederson, the managing director of BookCrossing, says, “The two things that change your life are the people you meet and book s you read. BookCrossing combines both.”Members leave books on park benches and buses, in train stations and coffee shops. Whoever finds their book will go to the site and record where they found it.People who find a book can also leave a journal entry describing what they thought of it.E-mails are then sent to the BookCrossing to keep them updated about where their books have been found. Bruce peterson says the idea is for people not to be selfish by keeping a book to gather dust on a shelf at home.zxx.kBookCrossing is part of a trend among people who want to get back to the “real” and not the virtual(虚拟). The site now has more than one million members in more than one hundredthirty-five countries.9. Why does the author mention book groups in the first paragraph?A. To explain what they are.B.To introduce BookCrossing.C. To stress the importance of reading.D. To encourage readers to share their ideas.10. What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 2refer to?A. The book.B.An adventure.C.A public place.D. The identification number.11. What will a BookCrosser do with a book after reading it?A. Meet other readers to discuss it.B.Keep it safe in his bookcase.C. Pass it on to another reader.D. Mail it back to its owner.12. What is the best title for the text?A. Online Reading: A Virtual TourB. Electronic Books: A new TrendC. A Book Group Brings Tradition BackD. A Website Links People through BooksDA new collection of photos brings an unsuccessful Antarctic voyage back to life.Frank Hurley’s pictures would be outstanding----undoubtedly first-rate photo-journalism---if they had been made last week. In fact, they were shot from 1914 through 1916, most of them after a disastrous shipwreck(海滩), by a cameraman who had no reasonable expectation of survival. Many of the images were stored in an ice chest, under freezing water, in the damaged wooden ship.The ship was the Endurance, a small, tight, Norwegian-built three-master that was intended to take Sir Ernest Shackleton and a small crew of seamen and scientists, 27 men in all, to the southernmost shore of Antarctica’s Weddell Sea. From that point Shackleton wanted to force a passage by dog sled(雪橇) across the continent. The journey was intended to achieve more than what Captain Robert Falcon Scott had done. Captain Scott had reached the South Pole early in1912 but had died with his four companions on the march back.As writer Caroline Alexander makes clear in her forceful and well-researched story The Endurance, adventuring was even then a thoroughly commercial effort. Scott’s last journey, completed as be lay in a tent dying of cold and hunger, caught the world’s imagination, and a film made in his honor drew crowds. Shackleton, a onetime British merchant-navy officer who had got to within 100 miles of the South Pole in 1908, started a business before his 1914 voyage to make money from movie and still photography. Frank Hurley, a confident and gifted Australian photographer who knew the Antarctic, was hired to make the images, most of which have never before been published.13. What do we know about the photos taken by Hurley?A. They were made last weekB. They showed undersea sceneriesC. They were found by a cameramanD. They recorded a disastrous adventure14. Who reached the South Pole first according to the text?A. Frank HurleyB. Ernest ShackletonC. Robert Falcon ScottD. Caroline Alexander15. What does Alexander think was the purpose of the 1914 voyage?A. Artistic creationB. Scientific researchC. Money makingD. Treasure hunting第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。
2016年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试英语试卷(新课标Ⅱ)及答案
2016年全国统一高考英语试卷（新课标Ⅱ）第一部分听力第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）听下面5段对话．每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置．听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题．每段对话仅读一遍．1．（1.5分）What will Lucy do at 11：30 tomorrow？A．Go out for lunch．B．See her dentist．C．Visit a friend．2．（1.5分）What is the weather like now？A．It's sunny．B．It's rainy．C．It's cloudy．3．（1.5分）Why does the man talk to Dr．Simpson？A．To make an apology．B．To ask for help．C．To discuss his studies．4．（1.5分）How will the woman get back from the railway station？A．By train．B．By car．C．By bus．5．（1.5分）What does Jenny decide to do first？A．Look for a job．B．Go on a trip．C．Get an assistant．第二节（共5小题，每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）听下面5段对话或独白．每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置．听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间．每段对话或独白读两遍．6．（3分）听第6段材料，回答第6至7题．6．What time is it now？A.1：45B.2：10C.2：157．What will the man do？A．Work on a project．B．See Linda in the library．C．Meet with Professor Smith．8．（4.5分）听第7段材料，回答第8至10题．8．What are the speakers talking about？A．Having guests this weekend．B．Going out for sightseeing．C．Moving into a new house．9．What is the relationship between the speakers？A．Neighbors．B．Husband and wife．C．Host and visitor．10．What will the man do tomorrow？A．Work in his garden．B．Have a barbecue．C．Do some shopping．11．（4.5分）请听第8段材料，回答第11至13题．11．Where was the man born？A．In Philadelphia．B．In Springfield．C．In Kansas．12．What did the man like doing when he was a child？A．Drawing．B．Traveling．C．Reading．13．What inspires the man most in his work？A．Education．B．Family love．C．Nature．14．（6分）听第9段材料，回答第14至17题．14．Why is Dorothy going to Europe？A．To attend a training program．B．To carry out some research．C．To take a vacation．15．How long will Dorothy stay in Europe？A．A few days．B．Two weeks．C．three months．16．What does Dorothy think of her apartment？A．It's expensiveB．It's satisfactoryC．It's inconvenient．17．What does Bill offer to do for Dorothy？A．Recommend her apartment to JimB．Find a new apartment for herC．Take care of her apartment．18．（4.5分）听第10段材料，回答第18至20题．18．What are the tourists advised to do when touring London？A．Take their tour scheduleB．Watch out for the trafficC．Wear comfortable shoes19．What will the tourists do in fifteen minutes？A．Meet the speakerB．Go to their roomsC．Change some money20．Where probably is the speaker？A．In a park．B．In a hotel．C．In a shopping centre．第二部分阅读理解（共两节，满分30分）第1节（共15题：每小题8分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑．21．（8分）What's On？Electric Underground7.30pm﹣1.00am Free at the Cyclops TheatreDo you know who's playing in your area？We're bringing you an evening of live rock and pop music from the best local bands．Are you interested in becoming a musician and getting a recording contract（合同）？If so，come early to the talk at 7.30pm by Jules Skye，a successful record producer．He's going to talk about how you can find the right person to produce you music．Gee Whizz8.30pm﹣10.30pm Comedy at KaleidoscopeCome and see Gee Whizz perform．He's the funniest stand﹣up comedian on the comedy scene．This joyful show will please everyone，from the youngest to the oldest．Gee Whizz really knows how to make you laugh!Our bar is open from 7.00pm for drinks and snacks（快餐）．Simon's Workshop5.00pm﹣7.30pm Wednesdays at Victoria StageThis is a good chance for anyone who wants to learn how to do comedy．The workshop looks at every kind of comedy，and practices many different ways of making people laugh．Simon is a comedian and actor who has 10years'experience of teaching comedy．His workshops are exciting and fun．An evening with Simon will give you the confidence to be funny．Charlotte Stone8.00pm﹣11.00pm Pizza WorldFine food with beautiful jazz music；this is a great evening out．Charlotte Stone will perform songs from her new best﹣selling CD，with James Pickering on the piano．The menu is Italian，with excellent meat and fresh fish，pizzas and pasta（面食）．Book early to get a table．Our bar is open all day，and serves cocktails，coffee，beer，and white wine．21．Who can help you if you want to have your music produced？A．Jules Skye．B．Gee Whizz．C．Charlotte Stone．D．James Pickering．22．At which place can people of different ages enjoy a good laugh？A．The Cyclops Theatre B．KaleidoscopeC．Victoria Stage D．Pizza World23．What do we know about Simon's Workshop？A．It requires membership status．B．It lasts three hours each time．C．It is run by a comedy club．D．It is held every Wednesday．24．When will Charlotte Stone perform her songs？A.5.00pm﹣7.30pm．B.7.30pm﹣1.00am．C.8.00pm﹣11.00pm．D.8.30pm﹣10.30pm．25．（8分）Five years ago，when I taught art at a school in Seattle，I used Tinkertoys as a test at the beginning of a term to find out something about my students．I put a small set of Tinkertoys in front of each student，and said："Make something out of the Tinkertoys．You have 45minutes today﹣and 45minutes each day for the rest of the week．"A few students hesitated to start．They waited to see the rest of the class would do．Several others checked the instructions and made something according to one of the model plans provided．Another group built something out of their own imaginations．Once I had a boy who worked experimentally with Tinkertoys in his free time．His constructions filled a shelf in the art classroom and a good part of his bedroom at home．I was delighted at the presence of such a student．Here was an exceptionally creative mind at work．His presence meant that I had an unexpected teaching assistant in class whose creativity would infect（感染）other students．Encouraging this kind of thinking has a downside．I ran the risk of losing those students who had a different style of thinking．Without fail one would declare，"But I'm just not creative．""Do you dream at night when you're asleep？""Oh，sure．""So tell me one of your most interesting dreams．"The student would tell something wildly imaginative．Flying in the sky or in a time machine or growing three heads．"That's pretty creative．Who does that for you？""Nobody．I do it．""Really﹣at night，when you're asleep？""Sure．""Try doing it in the daytime，in class，okay？"25．The teacher used Tinkertoys in class in order to？A．know more about the studentsB．make the lessons more excitingC．raise the students' interest in artD．teach the students about toy design26．What do we know about the boy mentioned in Paragraph 3？A．He liked to help his teacher．B．He preferred to study alone．C．He was active in class．D．He was imaginative．27．What does the underlined word"downside"in Paragraph 4probably mean？A．Mistake．B．Drawback．C．Difficulty．D．Burden．28．Why did the teacher ask the students to talk about their dreams？A．To help them to see their creativity．B．To find out about their sleeping habits．C．To help them to improve their memory．D．To find out about their ways of thinking．29．（8分）Reading can be a social activity．Think of the people who belong to book groups．They choose books to read and then meet to discuss them．Now，the website Book Crossing．com Book Crossing．com turns the page on the traditional idea of a book group．Members go on the site and register the books they own and would like to share．Book Crossing provides an identification number to stick inside the book．Then the person leaves it in a public place，hoping that the book will have an adventure，traveling far and wide with each new reader who finds it．Bruce Pederson，the managing director of Book Crossing，says，"The two things that change your life are the people you meet and books you read．Book Crossingcombines both．"Members leave books on park benches and buses，in train stations and coffee shops．Whoever finds their book will go to the site and record where they found it．People who find a book can also leave a journal entry describing what they thought of it．E﹣mails are then sent to the Book Crossing to keep them updated about where their books have been found．Bruce peterson says the idea is for people not to be selfish by keeping a book to gather dust on a shelf at home．Book Crossing is part of a trend among people who want to get back to the"real"and not the virtual（虚拟）．The site now has more than one million members in more than one hundred thirty﹣five countries．29．Why does the author mention book groups in the first paragraph？A．To explain what they are．B．To introduce Book Crossing．C．To stress the importance of reading．D．To encourage readers to share their ideas．30．What does the underlined word"it"in Paragraph 2refer to？A．The book．B．An adventure．C．A public place．D．The identification number．31．What will a Book Crosser do with a book after reading it？A．Meet other readers to discuss it．B．Keep it safe in his bookcase．C．Pass it on to another reader．D．Mail it back to its owner．32．What is the best title for the text？A．Online Reading：A Virtual TourB．Electronic Books：A new TrendC．A Book Group Brings Tradition BackD．A Website Links People through Books．33．（6分）A new collection of photos brings an unsuccessful Antarctic voyage back to life．Frank Hurley's pictures would be outstanding﹣﹣﹣﹣undoubtedly first﹣rate photo ﹣journalism﹣﹣﹣if they had been made last week．In fact，they were shot from 1914through 1916，most of them after a disastrous shipwreck（海滩），by a cameraman who had no reasonable expectation of survival．Many of the images were stored in an ice chest，under freezing water，in the damaged wooden ship．The ship was the Endurance，a small，tight，Norwegian﹣built three﹣master that was intended to take Sir Ernest Shackleton and a small crew of seamen and scientists，27men in all，to the southernmost shore of Antarctica's Weddell Sea．From that point Shackleton wanted to force a passage by dog sled（雪橇）across the continent．The journey was intended to achieve more than what Captain Robert Falcon Scott had done．Captain Scott had reached the South Pole early in 1912but had died with his four companions on the march back．As writer Caroline Alexander makes clear in her forceful and well﹣researched story The Endurance，adventuring was even then a thoroughly commercial effort．Scott's last journey，completed as be lay in a tent dying of cold and hunger，caught the world's imagination，and a film made in his honor drew crowds．Shackleton，a onetime British merchant﹣navy officer who had got to within 100miles of the South Pole in 1908，started a business before his 1914voyage to make money from movie and still photography．Frank Hurley，a confident and gifted Australian photographer who knew the Antarctic，was hired to make the images，most of which have never before been published．33．What do we know about the photos taken by Hurley？A．They were made last weekB．They showed undersea sceneriesC．They were found by a cameramanD．They recorded a disastrous adventure34．Who reached the South Pole first according to the text？A．Frank HurleyB．Ernest ShackletonC．Robert Falcon ScottD．Caroline Alexander35．What does Alexander think was the purpose of the 1914voyage？A．Artistic creationB．Scientific researchC．Money makingD．Treasure hunting．第二节（共1小题；每小题10分，满分10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项．选项中有两项为多余选项．36．（10分）A garden that's just right for youHave you ever visited a garden that seemed just right for you，where the atmosphere of the garden appeared to total more than the sum（总和）of its parts？（36）．But it doesn't happen by accident．It starts with looking inside yourself and understanding who you are with respect to the natural world and how you approach the gardening process．●（37）Some people may think that a garden is no more than plants，flowers，patterns and masses of color．Others are concerned about using gardening methods that require less water and fewer fertilizers（肥料）．（38）．However，there are a number of other reasons that might explain why you want to garden．One of them comes from our earliest years．●Recall（回忆）your childhood memoriesOur model of what a garden should be often goes back to childhood．Grandma's rosegarden and Dad's vegetable garden might be good or bad，but that's not what's important．（39）﹣﹣how being in those gardens made us feel．If you'd like to build a powerful bond with your garden，start by taking some time to recall the gardens of your youth．（40）then go outside and work out a plan to translate your childhood memories into your grown﹣up garden．Have fun．A．Know why you gardenB．Find a good place for your own gardenC．It's our experience of the garden that mattersD．It's delightful to see so many beautiful flowersE．Still others may simply enjoy being outdoors and close to plantsF．You can produce that kind of magical quality in your own garden，tooG．For each of those gardens，writer down the strongest memory you have．第二部分：英语知识运用（共两节，满分30分）第一节完形填空（共1小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑．41．（30分）Hundreds of people have formed impressions of you through that little device（装置）on your desk．And they've never actually （41）you．Everything they know about you （42）through this device，sometimes from hundreds of miles away．（43）hey feel they can know you （44）from the sound of your voice．That's how powerful the （45）is．Powerful，yes，but not always （46）．For years I dealt with my travel agent only by phone．Rani，my faceless agent whom I'd never met （47），got me rock ﹣bottom prices on airfares，cars，and hotels．But her cold voice really （48）me．I sometimes wished to（49）another agent．One morning，I had to （50）an immediate flight home for a family emergency．I ran into Rani's office （51）．The woman sitting at the desk，（52）my madness，sympathetically jumped up．She gave me a （53）smile，nodded whilelistening patiently，and then printed out the （54）immediately．"What a wonderful lady!"I thought．Rushing out （55）I called out over my shoulder，"By the way，what's your name？""I'm Rani，"she said．I turned around and saw a （56）woman with a big smile on her face waving to wish me a safe trip．I was （57）!Why had I thought she was cold？Rani was，well，so（58）．Sitting back in the car on the way to the airport，I figured it all out．Rani's （59）﹣﹣﹣her warm smile，her nods，her‘I'm here for you'（60）﹣﹣﹣were all silent signals that didn't travel through wires．41．A．accepted B．noticed C．heard D．met 42．A．came B．moved C．ran D．developed 43．A．Thus B．Yet C．Then D．Indeed 44．A．rather B．also C．just D．already 45．A．Telephone B．voice C．connection D．impression 46．A．direct B．useful C．easy D．accurate 47．A．in person B．by myself C．in public D．onpurpose 48．A．annoyed B．interested C．discouraged D．confused 49．A．promote B．train C．find D．know 50．A．arrange B．postpone C．confirm D．book 51．A．for the first time B．at any time C．from time to time D．in goodtime 52．A．expecting B．seeing C．testing D．avoiding 53．A．shy B．comforting C．familiar D．forced 54．A．bill B．form C．ticket D．list55．A．hopefully B．disappointedly C．gratefully D．regretfully 56．A．careful B．serious C．nervous D．pleasant 57．A．amused B．worried C．helpless D．speechless 58．A．calm B．nice C．proud D．clever 59．A．forgiveness B．eagerness C．friendliness D．skillfulness 60．A．explanation B．attitude C．concept D．Behavior第三部分英语知识运用（共两节，满分15分）第二节（共1小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式．61．（15分）If you feel stressed by responsibilities at work，you should take a step back and identify （识别）those of （61）（great）and less importance．Then，handle the most important tasks first so you'll feel a real sense of （62）（achieve）．Leaving the less important things until tomorrow（63）（be）often acceptable．Most of us are more focused （64）our tasks in the morning than we are later in the day．So，get an early start and try to be as productive （65）possible before lunch．This will give you the confidence you need to get you through the afternoon and go home feeling accomplished．Recent （66）（study）show that we are far more productive at work if we take short breaks（67）（regular）．Give your body and brain a rest by stepping outside for（68）while，exercising，or doing something you enjoy．If you find something you love doing outside of the office，you'll be less likely （69）（bring）your work home．It could be anything﹣gardening，cooking，music，sports ﹣but whatever it is，（70）（make）sure it's a relief from daily stress rather thananother thing to worry about．第四部分写作（共两节，满分10分）第一节短文改错（共1小题，每小题10分，满分10分）71．（10分）假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文．文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处．每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改．增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词．删除：把多余的词用斜线（﹨）划掉．删除：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词．注意：1．每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；2．只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分．The summer holiday is coming．My classmates and I are talking about how to do during the holiday．We can chose between staying at home and take a trip．If we stay at home，it is comfortable but there is no need to spend money．But in that case，we will learn little about world．If we go on a trip abroad，we can broaden you view and gain knowledges we cannot get from books．Some classmates suggest we can go to places of interest nearby．I thought that it is a good idea．It does not cost many，yet we can still learn a lot．第二节书面表达（满分25分）72．（25分）假定你是李华，你校摄影俱乐部（photography club）将举办国际中学摄影展．请给你的英国朋友Peter写封信．请他提供作品．信的内容包括：1．主题：环境保护；2．展览时间；3．投稿邮箱：intlphotoshow@gmschool．com．注意：1．词数100左右；2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯．2016年全国统一高考英语试卷（新课标Ⅱ）参考答案与试题解析第一部分听力第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）听下面5段对话．每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置．听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题．每段对话仅读一遍．1．（1.5分）（2016•四川）What will Lucy do at 11：30 tomorrow？A．Go out for lunch．B．See her dentist．C．Visit a friend．【分析】略【解答】答案：BText 1M：Lucy，would you like to have lunch with me tomorrow？W：Oh，I'd really love to，but I have an appointment with my dentist at 11：30．Thanks for inviting me．2．（1.5分）（2016•新课标Ⅱ）What is the weather like now？A．It's sunny．B．It's rainy．C．It's cloudy．【分析】略【解答】答案：CText 2W：Peter，how is the weather now？Is it still raining？M：No，but there's still lots of clouds．The weatherman said the sun wouldn't come out until next week．3．（1.5分）（2016•新课标Ⅱ）Why does the man talk to Dr．Simpson？A．To make an apology．B．To ask for help．C．To discuss his studies．【分析】略【解答】答案：AText 3M：I'm sorry I was late for class today，Dr．Simpson．W：Well，I'll let it go this time．But you saw it disturbed the rest of the class．M：Yes，I realized that．I won't let it happen again．4．（1.5分）（2016•新课标Ⅱ）How will the woman get back from the railway station？A．By train．B．By car．C．By bus．【分析】略【解答】答案：CText 4W：Hi，Mike．Listen，I'm coming back this afternoon，and I'll take a bus from the railway station．So，you don't need to come and pick me up．M：OK，take care，and see you soon．5．（1.5分）（2016•四川）What does Jenny decide to do first？A．Look for a job．B．Go on a trip．C．Get an assistant．【分析】略【解答】BText 5M：Jenny，there's an opening for an assistant manager in our company．You should give it a try．W：Thank you George，but I've decided to travel a bit before finding another job．第二节（共5小题，每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）听下面5段对话或独白．每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置．听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间．每段对话或独白读两遍．6．（3分）（2016•新课标Ⅱ）听第6段材料，回答第6至7题．6．What time is it now？A.1：45B.2：10C.2：157．What will the man do？A．Work on a project．B．See Linda in the library．C．Meet with Professor Smith．【分析】略【解答】答案：ACText 6M：By the way，do you know what time it is？W：Well，it's a quarter to two．M：Oh，I've got to go．W：See Linda in the library？M：No．Actually I'm going to meet with Professor Smith at ten past two．You may continue our project discussion with Michael．W：All right．8．（4.5分）（2016•新课标Ⅱ）听第7段材料，回答第8至10题．8．What are the speakers talking about？A．Having guests this weekend．B．Going out for sightseeing．C．Moving into a new house．9．What is the relationship between the speakers？A．Neighbors．B．Husband and wife．C．Host and visitor．10．What will the man do tomorrow？A．Work in his garden．B．Have a barbecue．C．Do some shopping．【分析】略【解答】答案：ABCText 7W：Harry，guess what？I've just received an email from Pamela．She and Peter are coming down to see us this weekend．M：Oh，that's good news!We haven't seen them for ages．W：Yeah．The last time we met them was at our wedding three years ago．M：Did Pamela mention how long they'll stay？W：About one week．M：Great!I can't wait to show them around our new house．W：Me too．We haven't had any guests since we moved in here．If the weather is fine，we can have a barbecue in the garden．M：Good idea．I'll go to the market tomorrow to buy all the things we'll need．11．（4.5分）（2016•四川）请听第8段材料，回答第11至13题．11．Where was the man born？A．In Philadelphia．B．In Springfield．C．In Kansas．12．What did the man like doing when he was a child？A．Drawing．B．Traveling．C．Reading．13．What inspires the man most in his work？A．Education．B．Family love．C．Nature．【分析】略【解答】11．B 12．A 13．CText 8W：Hello，everyone．Welcome to our program．Today，we are fortunate to have a special guest with us．Some of you may have heard of him before．He's an artist．His works have received many prizes and have been shown in over one hundred exhibitions across the country﹣Los Angeles，New York，Philadelphia，to name just a few．His name is Chris Cucksy．So Chris，tell us a bit about yourself．M：Well，I was born in Springfield，Missouri，and grew up in Kansas．I didn't come from a family with wealth or position，but I did manage to get a master's degree in fine arts．W：When did you first start to make art？And what was the turning point in your life that made you an artist？M：I always liked drawing as early as I can remember，so right from then，I knew what I was going to be：an artist．W：What is it that always inspires you to create？M：Nature is the biggest inspiration．I'm always inspired by things of beauty and harmony．14．（6分）（2016•新课标Ⅱ）听第9段材料，回答第14至17题．14．Why is Dorothy going to Europe？A．To attend a training program．B．To carry out some research．C．To take a vacation．15．How long will Dorothy stay in Europe？A．A few days．B．Two weeks．C．three months．16．What does Dorothy think of her apartment？A．It's expensiveB．It's satisfactoryC．It's inconvenient．17．What does Bill offer to do for Dorothy？A．Recommend her apartment to JimB．Find a new apartment for herC．Take care of her apartment．【分析】略【解答】答案：ACBAText 9M：You must be pretty excited about your trip to Europe，Dorothy．When are you leaving？W：In just two weeks，and I am excited．I've been looking forward to this training program for a long time．But there are still a few things I need to do before I go．M：Like what？W：Like renewing my passport and figuring out what to do with my apartment while I'm gone．M：You are not going to give it up，are you？W：No way!I'll never find another apartment like it around here．But I don't like the idea of paying three months for an empty apartment，either．So，I'm looking for someone to take it while I'm away．M：Um，let me think．Oh，I know just a person．An old colleague of mine，Jim Thomas．He is coming here to do some research this summer，from June to August．W：Well，that's exactly when I'll be away!M：Tell you what：I'll be calling Jim late this week anyway，so I'll mention it to him．W：Well，thanks，Bill．18．（4.5分）（2016•新课标Ⅱ）听第10段材料，回答第18至20题．18．What are the tourists advised to do when touring London？A．Take their tour scheduleB．Watch out for the trafficC．Wear comfortable shoes19．What will the tourists do in fifteen minutes？A．Meet the speakerB．Go to their roomsC．Change some money20．Where probably is the speaker？A．In a park．B．In a hotel．C．In a shopping centre．【分析】略【解答】答案：CABText 10W：I hope I've given you a clear idea of the schedule for your London weekend．And，before I finish，let me just give you some advice which should make your stay more enjoyable．Firstly，please do remember to put on some comfortable shoes．London is a big place，and whatever you do，you'll find yourself doing quite a lot of walking．So，comfortable shoes are really necessary．And secondly，let me ask you to please look after your money．Keep it safe at all times，and then you will not have any unpleasant accident，which could ruin your whole weekend．You'll find a copy of your weekend's schedule in your room．Take a look at it，and make sure you're clear about everything．Well，that's all from me for now．Go and leave your luggage in your rooms．I'll be seeing you here again in fifteen minutes．Goodbye for now!第二部分阅读理解（共两节，满分30分）第1节（共15题：每小题8分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑．21．（8分）（2016•新课标Ⅱ）What's On？Electric Underground7.30pm﹣1.00am Free at the Cyclops TheatreDo you know who's playing in your area？We're bringing you an evening of live rock and pop music from the best local bands．Are you interested in becoming a musician and getting a recording contract（合同）？If so，come early to the talk at 7.30pm by Jules Skye，a successful record producer．He's going to talk about how you can find the right person to produce you music．Gee Whizz8.30pm﹣10.30pm Comedy at KaleidoscopeCome and see Gee Whizz perform．He's the funniest stand﹣up comedian on the comedy scene．This joyful show will please everyone，from the youngest to the oldest．Gee Whizz really knows how to make you laugh!Our bar is open from 7.00pm for drinks and snacks（快餐）．Simon's Workshop5.00pm﹣7.30pm Wednesdays at Victoria StageThis is a good chance for anyone who wants to learn how to do comedy．The workshop looks at every kind of comedy，and practices many different ways of making people laugh．Simon is a comedian and actor who has 10years'experience of teaching comedy．His workshops are exciting and fun．An evening with Simon will give you the confidence to be funny．Charlotte Stone8.00pm﹣11.00pm Pizza WorldFine food with beautiful jazz music；this is a great evening out．Charlotte Stone will perform songs from her new best﹣selling CD，with James Pickering on the piano．The menu is Italian，with excellent meat and fresh fish，pizzas and pasta（面食）．Book early to get a table．Our bar is open all day，and serves cocktails，coffee，beer，and white wine．21．Who can help you if you want to have your music produced？AA．Jules Skye．B．Gee Whizz．C．Charlotte Stone．D．James Pickering．22．At which place can people of different ages enjoy a good laugh？BA．The Cyclops Theatre B．KaleidoscopeC．Victoria Stage D．Pizza World23．What do we know about Simon's Workshop？DA．It requires membership status．B．It lasts three hours each time．C．It is run by a comedy club．D．It is held every Wednesday．24．When will Charlotte Stone perform her songs？CA.5.00pm﹣7.30pm．B.7.30pm﹣1.00am．C.8.00pm﹣11.00pm．。
2016文综试题答案及解析
2016年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（新课标Ⅱ卷）文综2016年新课标Ⅱ文综地理高考试题答案选择题1.B2.C3.B4.A5.D6.C7.D8.C9.D 10.B 11.A非选择题36.（24分）（1）上游（瑞士境内）：有春汛，夏季径流量大，冬季为枯水期。
北部支流（索恩河）全年径流量比较稳定，无明显枯水期。
地中海沿岸支流：夏季为枯水期，冬季为丰水期。
（本小题共9分）（2）①改善航运条件防洪②发电改善航运条件土地开发（防洪）（本小题共5分）（3）因为河流跨多个行政区，涉及水资源利用、航运、防洪、发电、土地利用等多方面的利益，由国家唯一授权机构才能协调各行政区、各部门的利益，并从河流整体进行综合整治，以实现整治效益最大化。
（本小题共4分）（4）恢复河流的自然状态（自然河道、沿岸湿地等），扩展河道宽度，延长河流长度，降低河流流速和洪水峰值；恢复河流生态系统，增加生物多样性；增强河流的自然生产力和对污染的净化能力。
（本小题共6分）37.（22分）（1）20世纪70年代（1976年）栖息地连成一片；到80年代后期（1987年），栖息地面积退缩，碎片化严重；90年代至21世纪初（2000年），栖息地面积有所增加，碎片化趋势减弱，分布范围有向北、向西扩展的趋势。
（本小题共7分）（2）大规模采伐森林（对植被破坏大），导致栖息地缩小；修建道路（国道、省道以及林区采伐道路），导致栖息地碎片化；学.科网人类干扰活动大幅减少（全面停止采伐天然林，108国道秦岭隧道通车等），植被得到了较快恢复，促进大熊猫栖息地的回复与扩展。
（本小题共9分）42.（10分）旅游价值：篁岭晒秋是独特的民俗文化现象，民俗文化产品价值高；篁岭晒秋具有较高的观赏价值、体验价值、购物和农家乐开发价值等。
有利条件：（篁岭晒秋）旅游产品特，与附近旅游景点的旅游产品差异明显，可以使西岸产品互补；接近著名旅游景点（婺源、景德镇等），客源有保障。
43.（10分）开挖入海新河，改造河网，分散水流；建设水利枢纽工程，洪涝期间排水；修筑蓄洪工程（水库），加强湖泊对洪水的调节能力；退耕还湖；加强预报监测；加强宣传教育，提高防灾、减灾意识。
2016年高考真题 新课标2卷(配解析)
2016年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(课标全国卷Ⅱ)理数本卷满分150分,考试时间120分钟.第Ⅰ卷(选择题,共60分)一、选择题:本题共12小题,每小题5分,在每小题给出的四个选项中,只有一项是符合题目要求的.1.已知z=(m+3)+(m-1)i在复平面内对应的点在第四象限,则实数m的取值范围是( )A.(-3,1)B.(-1,3)C.(1,+∞)D.(-∞,-3)2.已知集合A={1,2,3},B={x|(x+1)(x-2)<0,x∈Z},则A∪B=( )A.{1}B.{1,2}C.{0,1,2,3}D.{-1,0,1,2,3}3.已知向量a=(1,m),b=(3,-2),且(a+b)⊥b,则m=( )A.-8B.-6C.6D.84.圆x2+y2-2x-8y+13=0的圆心到直线ax+y-1=0的距离为1,则a=( )A.-B.-C.D.25.如图,小明从街道的E处出发,先到F处与小红会合,再一起到位于G处的老年公寓参加志愿者活动,则小明到老年公寓可以选择的最短路径条数为( )A.24B.18C.12D.96.下图是由圆柱与圆锥组合而成的几何体的三视图,则该几何体的表面积为( )A.20πB.24πC.28πD.32π7.若将函数y=2sin2x的图象向左平移个单位长度,则平移后图象的对称轴为( )A.x=-(k∈Z)B.x=+(k∈Z)C.x=-(k∈Z)D.x=+(k∈Z)8.中国古代有计算多项式值的秦九韶算法,下图是实现该算法的程序框图.执行该程序框图,若输入的x=2,n=2,依次输入的a为2,2,5,则输出的s=( )A.7B.12C.17D.349.若cos=,则sin2α=( )A. B. C.- D.-10.从区间[0,1]随机抽取2n个数x1,x2,…,x n,y1,y2,…,y n,构成n个数对(x1,y1),(x2,y2),…,(x n,y n),其中两数的平方和小于1的数对共有m个,则用随机模拟的方法得到的圆周率π的近似值为( )A. B. C. D.11.已知F1,F2是双曲线E:-=1的左,右焦点,点M在E上,MF1与x轴垂直,sin∠MF2F1=,则E的离心率为( )A. B. C. D.212.已知函数f(x)(x∈R)满足f(-x)=2-f(x),若函数y=与y=f(x)图象的交点为(x1,y1),(x2,y2),…,(x m,y m),则(x i+y i)=( )A.0B.mC.2mD.4m第Ⅱ卷(非选择题,共90分)本卷包括必考题和选考题两部分.第13~21题为必考题,每个试题考生都必须作答.第22~24题为选考题,考生根据要求作答.二、填空题:本题共4小题,每小题5分.13.△ABC的内角A,B,C的对边分别为a,b,c,若cosA=,cosC=,a=1,则b= .14.α,β是两个平面,m,n是两条直线,有下列四个命题:①如果m⊥n,m⊥α,n∥β,那么α⊥β.②如果m⊥α,n∥α,那么m⊥n.③如果α∥β,m⊂α,那么m∥β.④如果m∥n,α∥β,那么m与α所成的角和n与β所成的角相等.其中正确的命题有.(填写所有正确命题的编号)15.有三张卡片,分别写有1和2,1和3,2和3.甲,乙,丙三人各取走一张卡片,甲看了乙的卡片后说:“我与乙的卡片上相同的数字不是2.”乙看了丙的卡片后说:“我与丙的卡片上相同的数字不是1.”丙说:“我的卡片上的数字之和不是5.”则甲的卡片上的数字是. 16.若直线y=kx+b是曲线y=lnx+2的切线,也是曲线y=ln(x+1)的切线,则b= .三、解答题:解答应写出文字说明、证明过程或演算步骤.17.(本小题满分12分)S n为等差数列{a n}的前n项和,且a1=1,S7=28.记b n=[lga n],其中[x]表示不超过x的最大整数,如[0.9]=0,[lg99]=1.(Ⅰ)求b1,b11,b101;(Ⅱ)求数列{b n}的前1000项和.18.(本小题满分12分)某险种的基本保费为a(单位:元),继续购买该险种的投保人称为续保人,续保人本年度的保(Ⅱ)若一续保人本年度的保费高于基本保费,求其保费比基本保费高出60%的概率;(Ⅲ)求续保人本年度的平均保费与基本保费的比值.19.(本小题满分12分)如图,菱形ABCD的对角线AC与BD交于点O,AB=5,AC=6,点E,F分别在AD,CD上,AE=CF=,EF 交BD于点H.将△DEF沿EF折到△D'EF的位置,OD'=.(Ⅰ)证明:D'H⊥平面ABCD;(Ⅱ)求二面角B-D'A-C的正弦值.20.(本小题满分12分)已知椭圆E:+=1的焦点在x轴上,A是E的左顶点,斜率为k(k>0)的直线交E于A,M两点,点N在E上,MA⊥NA.(Ⅰ)当t=4,|AM|=|AN|时,求△AMN的面积;(Ⅱ)当2|AM|=|AN|时,求k的取值范围.21.(本小题满分12分)(Ⅰ)讨论函数f(x)=e x的单调性,并证明当x>0时,(x-2)e x+x+2>0;(Ⅱ)证明:当a∈[0,1)时,函数g(x)=(x>0)有最小值.设g(x)的最小值为h(a),求函数h(a)的值域.请考生在第22~24题中任选一题作答,如果多做,则按所做的第一题计分.22.(本小题满分10分)选修4—1:几何证明选讲如图,在正方形ABCD中,E,G分别在边DA,DC上(不与端点重合),且DE=DG,过D点作DF⊥CE,垂足为F.(Ⅰ)证明:B,C,G,F四点共圆;(Ⅱ)若AB=1,E为DA的中点,求四边形BCGF的面积.23.(本小题满分10分)选修4—4:坐标系与参数方程在直角坐标系xOy中,圆C的方程为(x+6)2+y2=25.(Ⅰ)以坐标原点为极点,x轴正半轴为极轴建立极坐标系,求C的极坐标方程; (Ⅱ)直线l的参数方程是(t为参数),l与C交于A,B两点,|AB|=,求l的斜率.24.(本小题满分10分)选修4—5:不等式选讲已知函数f(x)=+,M为不等式f(x)<2的解集.(Ⅰ)求M;(Ⅱ)证明:当a,b∈M时,|a+b|<|1+ab|.2016年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(课标全国卷Ⅱ)答案解析一、选择题1.A 由已知可得⇒⇒-3<m<1.故选A.2.C 由(x+1)(x-2)<0⇒-1<x<2,又x∈Z,∴B={0,1},∴A∪B={0,1,2,3}.故选C.3.D 由题可得a+b=(4,m-2),又(a+b)⊥b,∴4×3-2×(m-2)=0,∴m=8.故选D.4.A 圆的方程可化为(x-1)2+(y-4)2=4,则圆心坐标为(1,4),圆心到直线ax+y-1=0的距离为=1,解得a=-.故选A.5.B 分两步,第一步,从E→F,有6条可以选择的最短路径;第二步,从F→G,有3条可以选择的最短路径.由分步乘法计数原理可知有6×3=18条可以选择的最短路径.故选B.6.C 由三视图可得圆锥的母线长为=4,∴S圆锥侧=π×2×4=8π.又S圆柱侧=2π×2×4=16π,S 圆柱底8.C k=0,s=0,输入a=2,s=0×2+2=2,k=1;输入a=2,s=2×2+2=6,k=2;输入a=5,s=6×2+5=17,k=3>2,输出s=17.故选C.9.D 解法一:sin2α=cos=cos2=2cos2-1=2×-1=-.故选D.解法二:cos=(cosα+sinα)=⇒cosα+sinα=⇒1+sin2α=,∴sin2α=-.故选D.10.C 如图,数对(x i,y i)(i=1,2,…,n)表示的点落在边长为1的正方形OABC内(包括边界),两数的平方和小于1的数对表示的点落在半径为1的四分之一圆(阴影部分)内,则由几何概型的概率公式可得=⇒π=.故选C.11.A 解法一:由MF1⊥x轴,可得M,∴|MF1|=.由sin∠MF2F1=,可得cos∠MF2F1==,又tan∠MF2F1==,∴=,∴b2=ac,∵c2=a2+b2⇒b2=c2-a2,∴c2-a2-ac=0⇒e2-e-1=0,∴e=.故选A.解法二:由MF1⊥x轴,得M,∴|MF1|=,由双曲线的定义可得|MF2|=2a+|MF1|=2a+,又2221对称,所以两函数图象的交点成对出现,且每一对交点都关于点(0,1)对称,则x1+x m=x2+x m-1=…=0,y1+y m=y2+y m-1=…=2,∴(x i+y i)=0×+2×=m.故选B.二、填空题13.答案解析由已知可得sinA=,sinC=,则sinB=sin(A+C)=×+×=,再由正弦定理可得=⇒b==.14.答案②③④解析由m⊥n,m⊥α,可得n∥α或n在α内,当n∥β时,α与β可能相交,也可能平行,故①错.易知②③④都正确.15.答案1和3解析由丙说的话可知丙的卡片上的数字一定不是2和3.若丙的卡片上的数字是1和2,则乙的卡片上的数字是2和3,甲的卡片上的数字是1和3,满足题意;若丙的卡片上的数字是1和3,则乙的卡片上的数字是2和3,此时,甲的卡片上的数字只能是1和2,不满足题意.故甲的卡片上的数字是1和3.16.答案1-ln2解析直线y=kx+b与曲线y=lnx+2,y=ln(x+1)均相切,设切点分别为A(x 1,y1),B(x2,y2),由y=lnx+2得y'=,由y=ln(x+1)得y'=,∴k==,∴x1=,x2=-1,∴y1=-lnk+2,y2=-lnk.即A,B,∵A、B在直线y=kx+b上,∴⇒三、解答题17.解析(Ⅰ)设{a n}的公差为d,据已知有7+21d=28,解得d=1.所以{a n}的通项公式为a n=n.b1=[lg1]=0,b11=[lg11]=1,b101=[lg101]=2.(6分)(Ⅱ)因为b n=(9分)n18.解析(Ⅰ)设A表示事件:“一续保人本年度的保费高于基本保费”,则事件A发生当且仅当一年内出险次数大于1,故P(A)=0.2+0.2+0.1+0.05=0.55.(3分)(Ⅱ)设B表示事件:“一续保人本年度的保费比基本保费高出60%”,则事件B发生当且仅当一年内出险次数大于3,故P(B)=0.1+0.05=0.15.又P(AB)=P(B),故P(B|A)====.因此所求概率为.(7分)19.解析(Ⅰ)由已知得AC⊥BD,AD=CD.又由AE=CF得=,故AC∥EF.因此EF⊥HD,从而EF⊥D'H.(2分)由AB=5,AC=6得DO=BO==4.由EF∥AC得==.所以OH=1,D'H=DH=3.于是D'H2+OH2=32+12=10=D'O2,故D'H⊥OH.(4分)又D'H⊥EF,而OH∩EF=H,所以D'H⊥平面ABCD.(5分)(Ⅱ)如图,以H为坐标原点,的方向为x轴正方向,建立空间直角坐标系H-xyz.则H(0,0,0),A(-3,-1,0),B(0,-5,0),C(3,-1,0),D'(0,0,3),=(3,-4,0),=(6,0,0),=(3,1,3).(6分)设m=(x1,y1,z1)是平面ABD'的法向量,则即所以可取m=(4,3,-5).(8分)设n=(x2,y2,z2)是平面ACD'的法向量,则即所以可取n=(0,-3,1).(10分)于是cos<m,n>===-.sin<m,n>=.因此二面角B-D'A-C的正弦值是.(12分)20.解析(Ⅰ)设M(x 1,y1),则由题意知y1>0.当t=4时,E的方程为+=1,A(-2,0).(1分)由已知及椭圆的对称性知,直线AM的倾斜角为.因此直线AM的方程为y=x+2.(2分)将x=y-2代入+=1得7y2-12y=0.解得y=0或y=,所以y1=.(4分)因此△AMN的面积S△AMN=2×××=.(5分)(Ⅱ)由题意,t>3,k>0,A(-,0).将直线AM的方程y=k(x+)代入+=1得(3+tk2)x2+2·tk2x+t2k2-3t=0.(7分)由x1·(-)=得x1=,故|AM|=|x1+|=.(8分)由题设,直线AN的方程为y=-(x+),故同理可得|AN|=.(9分)由2|AM|=|AN|得=,即(k3-2)t=3k(2k-1).当k=时上式不成立,因此t=.(10分)t>3等价于=<0,即<0.(11分)由此得或解得<k<2.21.解析(Ⅰ)f(x)的定义域为(-∞,-2)∪(-2,+∞).(2分)f'(x)==≥0,且仅当x=0时,f'(x)=0,所以f(x)在(-∞,-2),(-2,+∞)单调递增.因此当x∈(0,+∞)时,f(x)>f(0)=-1.所以(x-2)e x>-(x+2),(x-2)e x+x+2>0.(4分)(Ⅱ)g'(x)==(f(x)+a).(5分)由(Ⅰ)知,f(x)+a单调递增.对任意a∈[0,1),f(0)+a=a-1<0,f(2)+a=a≥0.因此,存在唯一x a∈(0,2],使得f(x a)+a=0,即g'(x a)=0.(6分)当0<x<x a时,f(x)+a<0,g'(x)<0,g(x)单调递减;当x>x a时,f(x)+a>0,g'(x)>0,g(x)单调递增.(7分)因此g(x)在x=x a处取得最小值,最小值为g(x a)===.(8分)于是h(a)=,由'=>0,得y=单调递增.所以,由x a∈(0,2],得=<h(a)=≤=.(10分)因为y=单调递增,对任意λ∈,存在唯一的x a∈(0,2],a=-f(x a)∈[0,1),使得h(a)=λ.所以h(a)的值域是.22.解析(Ⅰ)因为DF⊥EC,所以△DEF∽△CDF,则有∠GDF=∠DEF=∠FCB,==,所以△DGF∽△CBF,由此可得∠DGF=∠CBF.因此∠CGF+∠CBF=180°,所以B,C,G,F四点共圆.(5分)(Ⅱ)由B,C,G,F四点共圆,CG⊥CB知FG⊥FB.连结GB.由G为Rt△DFC斜边CD的中点,知GF=GC,故Rt△BCG≌Rt△BFG,因此,四边形BCGF的面积S是△GCB面积S△GCB的2倍,即S=2S△GCB=2×××1=.(10分)23.解析(Ⅰ)由x=ρcosθ,y=ρsinθ可得圆C的极坐标方程ρ2+12ρcosθ+11=0.(3分)(Ⅱ)在(Ⅰ)中建立的极坐标系中,直线l的极坐标方程为θ=α(ρ∈R).(4分)设A,B所对应的极径分别为ρ1,ρ2,将l的极坐标方程代入C的极坐标方程得ρ2+12ρcosα+11=0.于是ρ1+ρ2=-12cosα,ρ1ρ2=11.(6分)|AB|=|ρ1-ρ2|==.(8分)由|AB|=得cos2α=,tanα=±.(9分)所以l的斜率为或-.(10分)24.解析(Ⅰ)f(x)=(2分)当x≤-时,由f(x)<2得-2x<2,解得x>-1;(3分)当-<x<时,f(x)<2;(4分)当x≥时,由f(x)<2得2x<2,解得x<1.(5分)所以f(x)<2的解集M={x|-1<x<1}.(6分)(Ⅱ)证明:由(Ⅰ)知,当a,b∈M时,-1<a<1,-1<b<1,从而(a+b)2-(1+ab)2=a2+b2-a2b2-1=(a2-1)(1-b2)<0.因此|a+b|<|1+ab|.(10分)。
2016年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试全国Ⅱ卷(含答案)
2016年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试全国Ⅱ卷（含答案）2016年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试全国Ⅱ卷（甲卷）语文试题（含答案）（使用地区：青海、西藏、甘肃、贵州、内蒙古、新疆、宁夏、吉林、黑龙江、云南、辽宁，海南）本试卷分第Ⅰ卷（阅读题）和第Ⅱ卷（表达题）两部分，共18题，共150分，共10页。
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第Ⅰ卷阅读题甲必考题一、现代文阅读（9分，每小题3分）阅读下面的文字，完成1～3题。
人们常说“小说是讲故事的艺术”，但故事不等于小说，故事讲述人与小说家也不能混为一谈。
就传统而言，讲故事的人讲述亲身经历或道听途说的故事，口耳相传，把它们转化为听众的经验；小说家则通常记录见闻传说，虚构故事，经过艺术处理，把它们变成小说交给读者。
除流传形式上的简单差异外，早期小说和故事的本质区别并不明显，经历和见闻是它们的共同要素。
在传媒较为落后的过去，作为远行者的商人和水手最适合充当故事讲述人的角色，故事的丰富程度与远行者的游历成正比。
受此影响，国外古典小说也常以人物的经历为主线组织故事。
《荷马史诗》《一千零一夜》都是描述某种特殊的经历和遭遇，《唐吉可德》中的故事是唐吉诃德的行侠奇遇和所见所闻，17世纪欧洲的流浪汉小说也体现游历见闻的连缀。
在中国，民间传说和历史故事为志怪类和史传类的小说提供了用之不竭的素材，话本等古典小说形式也显示出小说和传统故事的亲密关系。
虚构的加强使小说和传统之间的区别清晰起来。
小说中的故事可以来自想象，不一定是作者的亲历亲闻。
2016年新课标Ⅱ语文数学英语综合高考试题文档版(含答案)
绝密★启用前2016年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（全国卷Ⅱ）语文注意事项：1．本试卷分第I卷（阅读题）和第II卷（表达题）两部分。
2．考生务必将自己的姓名、考生号填写在答题卡上。
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4．考试结束后．将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
第I卷阅读题甲必考题一、现代文阅读（9分，毎小题 3分）阅读下面的文宇，完成1〜3題．人们常说“小说是讲故事的艺术”，但故事不等于小说，故事讲述人与小说家也不能混为一谈。
就传统而言，讲故事的人讲述亲身经历或道听途说的故事，口耳相传，把它们转化为听众的经验；小说家则通常记录见闻传说，虚构故事，经过艺术处理，把它们变成小说交给读者。
除流传形式上的简单差异外，早期小说和故事的本质区别并不明显，经历和见闻是它们的共同要素，在传媒较为落后的过去，作为远行者的商人和水手最适合充当故事讲述人的角色，故事的丰富程度与远行者的游历成正比。
受此影响，国外古典小说也常以人物的经历为主线组织故事，《荷马史诗》《一千零一夜》都是描述某种特殊的经历和遭遇，《堂吉诃德》中的故事是堂吉诃德的行侠奇遇和所见所闻，17世纪欧洲的流浪汉小说也体现游历见闻的连缀。
在中国，学科.网民间传说和历史故事为志怪类和史传类的小说提供了用之不竭的素材，话本等古典小说形式也显示出小说和传统故事的亲密关系。
虚构的加强使小说和传统故事之间的区别清晰起来。
小说中的故事可以来自想象。
不一定是作者的亲历亲闻。
小说家常闭门构思，作品大多诞生于他们的离群索居的时候，小说家可以闲坐在布宜诺斯艾利斯的图书馆中，或者在巴黎一间终年不见阳光的阁楼里，杜撰他们想象中的历险故事，但是，一名水手也许历尽千辛万苦才能把在东印度群岛听到的故事带回伦敦；一个匠人漂泊一生，积攒下无数的见闻、掌故或趣事，当他晚年坐在火炉旁给孩子们讲述这一切的时候，他本人就是故事的一部分，传统故事是否值得转述，往往只取决于故事本事的趣味性和可流传性，与传统的故事方式不同，小说家一般并不单纯转述故事，他是在从事故事的制作和生产，有深思熟虑的讲述目的。
2016高考语文试题及答案解析(新课标全国卷2)
2015年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试语文注意事项：1.本试卷分第Ⅰ卷（阅读题）和第Ⅱ卷（表达题）两部分。
答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、主考正好填写在答题卡上。
2.作答时，将答案卸载答题卡上。
卸载本试卷上无效。
3.考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
第Ⅰ卷阅读题甲必考题一、现代文阅读（9分，每小题3分）阅读下面的文字，完成1~3题。
艺术品的接受在过去并不被看作是重要的美学问题，20世纪解释学兴起，一个名为“接受美学”的美学分支应运而生，于是研究艺术品的接受成为艺术美学中的显学。
过去，通常只是从艺术品的立场出发，将创作看作艺术家审美经验的结晶过程，作品完成就意味着创作完成。
而从接受美学的角度来看，这一完成并不说明创作已经终结，它只说明创作的第一阶段告一段落，接下来是读者或观众、听众的再创作。
由于未被阅读的作品的价值包括审美价值仅仅是一种可能的存在，只有通过阅读，它才转化为现实的存在，因此对作品的接受具有艺术本体的意义，也就是说，接受者也是艺术创作的主体之一。
艺术文本即作品对于接受者来说具有什么意义呢？接受美学的创始人、德国的伊瑟尔说艺术文本是一个“召唤结构”，因为文本有“空白”“空缺”“否定”三个要素。
所谓“空白”是说它有一些东西没有表达出来，作者有意不写或不明写，要接受者用自己的生活经验与想象去补充；所谓“空缺”，是语言结构造成的各个图像间的空白，接受者在阅读文本时要把一个个句子表现的图像片断连接起来，整合成一个有机的图像系统；所谓“否定”指文本对接受者生活的现实具有否定的功能，它能引导接受者对现实进行反思和批判。
由此可见，文本的召唤性需要接受者呼应和配合，完成艺术品的第二次创作。
正如中国古典美学中的含蓄与简洁，其有限的文字常常引发出读者脑海中的丰富意象。
接受者作为主体，他对文本的接受不是被动的。
海德格尔提出“前理解”，即理解前的心理文化结构，这种结构影响着理解。
理解不可能是文本意义的重现，而只能是文本与“前理解”的统一。
2016年高考试题(历史)新课标Ⅱ卷(含答案解析)
2016年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（新课标Ⅱ卷）历史一．选择题（每题4分，共12题，48分）24.图3为三国曹魏《三体石经》的残片，经文中的每个字均用先秦古文，小篆等三种字体刻写。
这三种字体反映了（）图3A.当时统一文字的努力B.汉字演变的历史过程C.当时字体流行的实际情况D.汉字尚未形成完整的体系【答案】B【考点定位】古代中国的科学技术与文学艺术·汉字的起源演变和书画的发展·汉子体系的发展【名师点睛】汉字自秦始皇统一中国之后便基本定型。
所谓的“书同文、车同轨”就是这个含义。
文字的统一对于一个民族来说是至关重要的，语音容易发生改变，但书写方式不变，这样才有利于提升民族的凝聚力，有利于国家统一。
中国古代最早的文字是陶文，但是他并不成系统，最早的成系统的文字是甲骨文，后来发展到金文，大篆。
秦统一后使用小篆，民间后期产生隶书。
汉代之后又出现了行书，草书和楷书。
书法艺术也逐渐地形成。
25.两汉实行州郡推荐，朝廷考试任用的察举制；经魏晋九品中正制，至隋唐演变为自由投考，差额录用的科举制，科举制更有利于（）A. 选拔最优秀的官吏B.鉴别官员道德水平C.排除世家子弟入仕D.提升社会文化水平【答案】D【考点定位】中国古代政治制度·汉至元政治制度的演变·选官用官制度的变化【名师点睛】中国古代选官用官制度起源于汉代，当时是地方向中央推荐人才，考察标准是孝廉，因此称为察举制。
到了魏晋九品中正制实行，由品评官来评定人员的优劣，这就造成了“上品无寒门，下品无世族”的局面。
隋朝建立之后，隋文帝采取分科考试的方式来选拔人才，隋炀帝设进士科科举制度正式确立。
到了唐代，继续推行科举制，但是科举考试选拔出的人才依旧人数较少。
关陇门阀依旧控制着人才的任用，这也是造成唐代中后期政治混乱的原因之一。
到了宋代，科举制度才真正体现出它的优势，在社会上产生了良好的学习之风，人才选拔也多通过科举制度产生。