新编大学基础英语综合教程4教案unit-5
新标准大学英语综合教程4-unit5教案
新标准大学英语综合教程4-unit5教案新标准大学英语综合教程4-unit5Unit5Active reading (1)1 Work in pairs and decide who is gossiping. In fact, anybody could be saying these things. As sterotypes, the first is said by a male football fan, the second is a women gossiping about the weather as part of small talk, the third is a young man / women gossiping toanother man about other people‘s personal relationships.2 Check ( ) the statements about gossip which you think are true. 1 Men gossip just as much as women.No, men seem to gossip less than women.√ 2 Men talk more about politics than women.Yes, this seems to be true.√ 3 Men talk more about football than women.Yes, surely this is the case.√ 4 Women talk mo re about themselves than men.No, I am not sure. Maybe men talk about themselves as much.√ 5 Men don‘t admit they gossip.Yes, I think this is true.6 Women don‘t admit they gossip.No, I don‘t agree, I think they like gossiping and do admit it.Sex differences in English gossip rulesReading and understanding3 Choose the best answer to the questions.1 What does the research quoted in the passage show?(a) Men talk more about politics than about football.(b) Women don‘t like speaking about politics and art. (c) Men gossip just as much as women.(d) Men and women gossip in exactly the same way.2 What do men do when women are present?(a) They tend to talk about themselves.(b) They change their tone of voice. (c) They speak more about politics and art than usual.(d) They let women do most of the speaking.3 What is the main difference between male and female gossip? (a) Women don‘t realize they are gossiping.(b) Men only gossip outdoors.(c) Women speak more about themselves than men do. (d) Men speak more about themselves than women do.4 What is ―the tone rule‖ in women‘s gossip? (a) Use a special tone of voice to show that you are gossiping. (b) It is important to keep a flat unemotional tone.(c) Don‘t change your tone of voice when you start gossiping. (d) Always start gossiping by using a low whisper.5 What is ―the detail rule‖?(a) You should avoid boring details when you gossip.(b) When gossiping about people it‘s important to quote what they actually said.(c) You should avoid talking about why people did something.(d) It doesn‘t matter if your gossip is vague.6 What does ―the feedback rule‖ say about listeners?(a) They should keep quiet while someone is gossiping.(b) They shouldn‘t show surprise.(c) They should believe everything they hear. (d) They should show interest and enthusiasm.4 Number the different parts of the passage in the order inwhich they occur.1 Refer to recent research to dispel the myth about male gossip.2 Reveal that men change topic of conversation when women are present.3 Focus on the difference of content between male and female gossip.4 Suggest that the myth about male gossip is really a problem of terminology.5 Present a detailed, technical account of how women gossip.6 Conclude that the vital difference between male and female gossip lies in the positive response of the audience.Dealing with unfamiliar words5 Match the words in the box with their definitions.1 in a way that is impossible to doubt and easy to see (decidedly)2 the reason that you do something (motive)3 main, or most important (principal)4 with qualities thought to be typical of men (masculine)5 to criticize something, or to suggest it is not good enough for you (sniff)6 lively or active (animated)6 Complete the paragraph with the correct form of the words in Activity 5.When Simona Ventura became the host of the Italian TV soccer programme, a lot of people (1) sniffedat the decision. What could a woman do in such a (2) decidedly male-dominated world? They argued.But the (3) motive behind the choice of Simona as the new presenter soon became apparent. Ratherthan change to fit the programme –there is nothing (4) masculine about her – she created a new, moremodern show, the (5) principal aim of which is to entertain the whole family. The old style, lengthy andrather technical analyses of football matches, has been replaced by a lively TV programme, which is(6) animated by guest celebrities, dancers and singers, as well as extracts from the day‘s top matches.7 Replace the underlined words with the correct form of the following words. You may need to makeother changes.1 Cultural and intellectual programmes tend to be broadcast very late in the evening. (highbrow)2 At the beginning I was very shy, but I soon got to know everyone and made friends. (initially)3 The course I enjoyed most when I was studying linguistics was the one on the relationship betweenwords and meanings. (semantics)4 To find out more about English as a world language, we need reliable people who are able to giveinformation. (informants)5 She sent me a bunch of roses when I got the job, and I did the same when she got promoted. (reciprocated)6 For some men there is still a feeling of embarrassment and unease about taking orders from a femalesuperior. (stigma)7 After the goal was disallowed, most of the words I could hear were swear words. (expletives)8 You can‘t speak like that to someone you don‘t know. It‘s a matter of rules of social behaviour. (etiquette)9 Only after a very careful and time-consuming editing will this book be ready for publication. (exhaustive)8 Answer the questions about the words and expressions.1 Does scandalous behaviour (a) make you feel uncomfortable, or (b) leave you indifferent?2 If you bemoan something, do you (a) express pleasure, or(b) complain about it?3 If you rake over something, do you (a) want to forget it, or(b) keep talking about it?4 If you are appreciative of something someone has done for you, do you (a) thank them, or (b) criticizethem?5 If a man has an effeminate manner, does he make you think of (a) a child, or (b) a woman?6 Is camp behaviour (a) typical of, or (b) different from established norms about the traditional male wayof doing things?Reading and interpreting9 Check ( ) the writer‘s main purposes in writing the passage. √ 1 to summarize findings from recent research Most of the passage is taken up with research findings from both the writer and others. If you arenot sure about this, look at how many times words like study, research, paragraph five and see how verbs in the past tense in the second part are all reporting research findings!2 to present the writer‘s own research findingsThese are clearly included and they are most of the second part, but thisis the main purpose is notto present them – they illustrate how gossip works.3 to dispel a myth about males and gossipT he first part of the text does this, but the second part reports research only about women‘s gossip, so No 1 is a better answer.4 to show that women are superior to menNo, the writer does not intend to show this and doesn‘t do so. 5 to encourage people t o learn to gossip properly No, the passage is about rules, but these are not the kind that people are supposed to learn but the descriptive rules that describe common behaviour. There is nothing about encouraging people to behave like this.6 to draw attention to the different ways in which men and women gossip This is a reasonable answer but the passage is really reporting research (see No 1)7 to analyze the way in which women gossip This is the point of the second part, but not the main idea of the whole passage.Active reading (2)Marked: women in the workplaceReading and understanding3 Choose the best summary of the passage.1 The English language reflects and reinforces the sexist attitudes of society, whether we consider wordssuch as actress, which is a less serious equivalent of the word actor, or titles we give women, such asMrs, Miss and Ms.This only summarizes the first section, but the title should indicate that a summary would say more thanthis, including the points about hairstyle or clothes.2 Women find it much harder to get on in the workplace because they haveto spend too much timethinking about what clothes to wear, or what hairstyle they should have. This is only one point. It doesn‘t summaraize the main idea and examples of language use.3 Women constantly have to make choices about dress and appearance, and even the way they sign their names, which lead people to make judgments about them; men do not have to make the same choices.Although this doesn‘t emphasize l anguage, it summarizes the main idea of choice (marked / unmarked).4 Choose the best answer to the questions.1 Which of the following words is marked?(a) Doctor. (b) Actor. (c) Actress. (d) Poet.2 What does a marked female ending to a word usually convey? (a) Physical attractiveness.(b) A lack of authority. (c) A lack of seriousness.(d) Greater professional competence.3 What did the writer notice at a conference?(a) All the women were dressed in the same way. (b) All the men were dressed in the same way.(c) One of the men wore a cowboy shirt and jeans.(d) None of the women wore sensible shoes.4 What did a woman with high heels do at the conference?(a) She was isolated by her female colleagues.(b) She was the first to complete a group task.(c) She broke one of the heels when she had to make a trek.(d) She took off her shoes and attracted a group of men.5 What did a male colleague tell a female lawyer to do before she went to court?(a) To put on a jacket over her blouse. (b) To do up a buttonon her blouse.(c) T o undo a button on her blouse.(d) To wear something with darker colours.6 What is a woman often asked to do when filling in a form?(a) Choose from four titles.(b) Give both her married and unmarried name. (c) Give information about her married status.(d) Avoid using the title ―Dr‖.Dealing with unfamiliar words5 Match the words in the box with their definitions.1 the place where you work (workplace)2 to mean something (denote)3 to make something or someone become gradually less effective, confident, or successful (undermine)4 to think that something is true because it is likely, although you cannot be certain (presume)5 a regular and important part or feature of something (staple)6 involving or consisting of many people, things, or parts (multiple)7 expressing what you mean using clear and effective language (eloquent)8 used to describe a word that refers to one person or thing (singular)9 behaving in a very unfriendly or threatening way towards someone (hostile)10 to say or write words that someone else has said or written (quote) 11 to give someone responsibility for an important job or activity (entrust)6 Complete the sentences with the correct form of the wordsin Activity 5.1 Melanie got to her feet and made a eloquent defence of the rights of women in the workplace.2 There are a number of words in English, such as people, which although technically in the singularform, in actual fact denote a plural meaning.3 The dark suit is a staple of the businessman‘s wardrobe, and I presume it will remain so for a long time.4 The hostile reception he got at the meeting is likely to undermine all the work that has been donerecently to improve relations between staff and management.5 Jason suffered multiple injuries in the acc ident, and we didn‘t want to entrust an inexperienced surgeonwith the operation.6 I think that most world leaders in the next century will be women, but don‘t quote me on that.7 Replace the underlined words with the correct form of the following words. You may need to makeother changes.1 Don‘t forget to put on a bit of lipstick and mascara before you go out. (make-up)2 The candidate displayed a lack of seriousness which we felt was not appropriate to the position he wasapplying for. (frivolousness)3 I need to check my free dates in March before I can confirm whether I shall be able to attend theconference. (availability)4 He has an attractive smile which people find hard to resist. (alluring)5 This list of participants needs to be put into alphabeticalorder. (alphabetized)6 The first person officially suggested as general secretary had to withdraw due to ill health. (nominee)7 After the first remarks offering congratulations the atmosphere at the prize-giving ceremony turned sour. (congratulatory)8 The speaker made a comment which I found unfriendly and which meant the opposite of what he reallymeant. (sarcastic)8 Answer the questions about the words and expressions.1 Is a linguistic problem concerned with (a) words, or (b) figures?2 If you are disqualified from an event, do the organizers (a) allow you, or (b) refuse to allow you to takepart?3 Is rub likely to mean (a) a problem, or (b) a solution?4 If you have got myriad job offers, are you likely to be (a) concerned, or (b) optimistic about your future?5 If you let on about something to someone, do you (a) tell them about it, or (b) keep it a secret?6 If you duck something which has been thrown at you, does it (a) hit, or (b) miss you?7 If someone speaks to you in an uppity way, is their manner(a) superior, or (b) humble and polite?Reading and interpreting9 Answer the questions.1 From which field has the writer borrowed the term marked?The term marked is borrowed from linguistics.2 What are the differences between a ―marked‖ and an ―unmarked‖ word? An ―unmarked‖ word is normal, commonor neutral, while a ―marked‖ one is noticeable or used in a particular way or has a special meaning. Sometimes the unmarked one is positive and the unmarked on is negative.3 What is the difference between a ―marked‖ and an ―unmarked‖ appearance in the workplace?An ―unmarked‖ appearance would be normal, neutral and common, so it is unlikely that anyone wouldcomment o n it. A ―marked‖ appearance would be different, particular and noticeable because it wouldbe a contrast to all those with an unmarked appearance –people would be likely to comment on the person with the marked appearance.4 Why is no make-up ―marked‖ for women?Because many or most women wear some make-up. A woman wearing no make-up in a context where itis expected that make-up would be worn is noticeably different, so it is ―marked‖.5 How often do men wear ―marked‖ clothes in the workplace? Not often or rarely.6 What is the connection between ―marked‖ and ―sexy‖? Assuming that most women wear attractive and smart clothes, say in the workplace, this would be unmarked (among women), whereas if a woman wore sexy clothes (which for example were veryreveal ing), this would be noticeable and ―marked‖ (and inappropriate). In another contex t, the oppositemight be the case, say at a party where most women were dressed in a sexy manner, someone dressedsmartly and conservatively but not in a sexy manner would b e ―marked‖. 7 Why are women‘s titles (Mrs, Miss and Ms) allmarked?Because whichever choice a woman makes it tells people something more than their title: If they choosechoose Miss they are unmarriedbut perhaps also traditional; if they choose Ms, you d on‘t know whether they are married or not, but youdo know that they don‘t want to give information about being married and that they are more modern, liberated, rebellious or feminist. Men do not have to make any of these choices.8 In what sense are wome n‘s surnames marked?In some English-speaking countries, say the US, married woman‘s surname is marked becausetraditionally they take their husband‘s surname as their married surname. So if a woman uses this name,it may signal that she is traditional or willing to adopt her husband‘s identity. Some married women, especially in professions, continue to use their original surname from their own family, and then thisis ―marked‖ –it may be a signal that they are modern, liberated, or wish to keep their own identity. Ofcourse, this is not a problem in Chinese and th ose other languages in which a married woman doesn‘ttake her husband‘s name.Language in usesay + something / nothing / a lot etc about1 Rewrite the sentences using say + something / nothing / a lot etcabout .1 The boots she wears give a lot of information about her. The boots she wears say a lot about her.2 The way he talks about other people gives an indication of his personality.The way he talks about other people says something about his personality. 3 The way she behaves doesn‘t give any indication of her previous career. The way she behaves says nothing about her previous career.4 This statement is very revealing about the organization‘s attitude to women.This statement says a lot abo ut the organization‘s attitude to women. 5 This type of task gives some idea about the structure of the final examination. This type of task says something about the structure of the final examination.on + gerund2 Rewrite the sentences using on + gerund.1 When they checked the figures again, they realized there had been a mistake. On checking the figures again, they realized there had been a mistake.2 When she was asked, she said she would like to be known by her first name. On being asked, she said she would like to be known by her first name.3 When we investigated more completely, we made an important discovery. On investigating more completely, we made an important discovery.4 When they heard the news, most people reacted with offers to help. On hearing the news, most people reacted with offers to help.5 Whe n people are accused of a crime they haven‘t committed, most of them don‘t know how to react.On being accused of a crime they haven‘t committed, most people don‘t know how to react.anything but3 Rewrite the sentences using anything but .1 The organizer of the conference was the opposite of helpful. The organizer of the conference was anything but helpful.2 The instructions you left were certainly not easy to follow. The instructions you left were anything but easy to follow.3 I felt extremely unsafe wearing those four-inch-high heels.I felt anything but safe wearing those four-inch-high heels.4 The weather last week was quite the opposite of warm and sunny. The weather last week was anything but warm and sunny.5 I think that attitudes towards women in the company whereI work are a long way from beingprogressive. I think that attitudes towards women in the company where I work areanything but progressive.other than4 Rewrite the sentences using other than .1 The only thing we do when the three of us meet is gossip. When the three of us meet we do nothing other than gossip.2 Men have no real alternative unless it is to wear a suit. Men have no real alternative other than to wear a suit.3 The only thing I wish to add is to say how much I have enjoyed the whole day.I have nothing to add other than to say how much I have enjoyed the whole day.4 They told her she didn‘t have to do anything except sit quietly and look pretty. They told her she had nothing to do other than to sit quietly and look pretty.5 The only reason I have for being here is the free lunch. I have no reason to be here other than the free lunch.Collocations5 Match the adjectives in Column A with the nouns in Column B.A B bright colours conservative tastes correct tone popular beliefheavy make-up highbrow subject face value6 Complete the sentences with the collocations in Activity 5.1 Both of us have rather conservative tastes, so we‘re unlikely to buy modern furniture.2 I‘m afraid these bonds are worth a lot less than their face value.3 It‘s not easy to find the correct tone in which to speak to new customers.4 I like wearing bright colours; I think they reflect my outgoing personality.5 Yesterday‘s lectur e was on such a highbrow subject that I couldn‘t get interested.6 Why do they put such heavy make-up on people in television studios?7 The popular belief that men don‘t cry is nonsense.7 Translate the paragraphs into Chinese.Women can‘t even fill out a form without telling stories about themselves. Most application form s nowgive four choices for titles. Men have one to choose –―Mr.‖ –so their choice carries no meaning otherthan to say they are male. But women must choose among three, each of them marked. A woman whochecks the box for ―Mrs.‖ or ―Miss‖ communicates not only whether she has been married but also thatshe has conservative tastes in forms of address, and probablyother conservative values as well. Checking ―Ms.‖ declines to let on about marriage (whereas ―Mr.‖ declines nothing since nothing was asked), butit also marks the woman who checks it on her form as either liberated or rebellious, depending on theattitudes and assumptions of the one making the judgment.I sometimes try to duck these variously marked ch oices by giving my title as ―Dr.‖ – and thereby riskmarking myself as either uppity (hence sarcastic responses like ―Excuse me!‖) or an over-achiever (hencereactions of congratulatory surprise, like ―Good for you!‖). （?翻译时注意原文的语气，否则就可能不准确。
新标准大学英语综合教程4-Unit-test-5-答案
新标准大学英语综合教程4 Unit test 5 答案Part I: Vocabulary and StructureSection A: Complete the sentences using the correct words in the box.•stigma•animated•decidedly•etiquette•linguistic•entrusted•eloquent•availability•undermine•intellectual1.The poet gave an incredibly eloquentspeech and brought many people to tears.Your answer Correct answer eloquent eloquent2.What's the proper etiquetterequired for eating dinner with a prince?Your answer Correct answer etiquette etiquette3.My daughter shows a(n) intellectualcuriosity not usual for someone so young.Your answer Correct answer intellectual intellectual4.I like the debate team at school because we always have such animatedconversations.Your answer Correct answer animated animated5.What's your availabilityto go fishing next weekend?Your answer Correct answeravailability availability6.Her brother was entrustedwith their father's fortune after he passed away. Your answer Correct answer entrusted entrusted7. Sadly, my grandmother went through much of her life feeling like there was a(n)stigmaconnected to her skin color.Your answer Correct answerstigma stigma8.Don't question my decisions and underminemy authority in front of the other employees!Your answer Correct answer undermine undermine9.It's obvious that Kevin has amazing linguisticabilities since he's fluent in sixlanguages!Your answer Correct answerlinguistic linguistic10.The final score of the game was 20-3, making it a(n) decidedlyunfair competition.Your answer Correct answerdecidedly decidedlySection B: Choose the best way to complete the sentences.11. Even if I don't win the award, it's still an honor to be a(n) _____.a. applicantb. championc. nomineed. spectator12. I see parents of twins and triplets and I can't imagine having _____ children at once.a. multiplyb. doublec. individuald. multiple13. I'm one of two vice-presidents, and my _____ at the other office will be your main point ofcontact.a. counterpartb. supervisorc. subordinated. employee14. "Always be kind" is the _____ rule I expect my employees to live by.a. principleb. principalc. standardd. irrelevant15. His time in office was marked by _____ affairs and controversy.a. highbrowb. unemotionalc. scandalousd. unintended16. I became a partner in the law firm, _____ increasing my salary considerably.a. therebyc. standbyd. passerby17. Choosing not to hire someone based on their race or sex is a textbook example of _____.a. discriminateb. discriminationc. discriminatoryd. discriminator18. Tony gets _____ if he drinks too much, and he's liable to hurt someone.a. peacefulb. hostilec. ambivalentd. apathetic19. What was the suspect's _____ to kill Gene?a. motivateb. motivatorc. motivationd. motive20. After all these years, I still _____ that it wasn't my fault.a. portendb. attendc. contendSection C: Fill in each of the blanks with a suitable preposition or adverb.21.She entrusted me withmanaging the entire staff this week.Your answer Correct answer with with22.They managed to catch the opposing player offguard and score a goal.Your answer Correct answer off off23.Tony has been described asboth a lover and a hater.Your answer Correct answer as as24.Other thanthe occasional cup of tea, I never drink caffeine.Your answer Correct answerthan than25.I think it goes withoutsaying that I want to go to college.Your answer Correct answer without without26.Diane wrote an article to the effect thatmen and women were equal in all respects.Your answer Correct answer that that27.Let's rake overthe suspect's answers and see if we can find some clues.Your answer Correct answerover over28.Please fill outthese forms and have a seat; someone will be with you shortly.Your answer Correct answerout out29.Remember to take yard work intoaccount when you figure how much free time youhave this weekend.Your answer Correct answerinto into30.It's not a good idea to make sarcastic comments aboutyour previous boss during a jobinterview.Your answer Correct answerabout aboutPart II: Banked ClozeQuestions 31 to 40 are based on the following passage.It's very interesting that so many world cultures are (31)patriarchal, or based on thesuperiority of the father or husband. Why do you think this is so? There are a(n)(32)myriadof explanations, but many of them can be traced back to the basic(33)masculinestereotypes: strength, power, and dominance. Throughout history andaround the world, men have overpowered women due to their physical qualities.Yet how can we explain the handful of cultures that are actually (34)matriarchal, orbased on the superiority of the mother or wife? No one can (35)presumeto know theprecise reason for why they developed differently, but it is interesting to theorize. One particularly(36)revealingfact is that most of these cultures have a strong agricultural tradition and,hence, a strong female role in society.One of the major tenets of the (37)feminismmovement is that modern womenshould not be restricted by traditional roles and their subservient status in society. Women should notbelieve that their gender automatically (38)disqualifiesthem for the same rights andprivileges that men enjoy."Women have been taught that, for us, the earth is flat, and that if we venture out, we will fall offthe edge." This anonymous (39)quoteperfectly captures the essence of the modernfeminist movement. Elevating the female gender to be completely equal with men should be the(40)singularcause of everyone everywhere.Your answer Correct answer(31) patriarchal patriarchal(32) myriad myriad(33) masculine masculine(34) matriarchal matriarchal(35) presume presume(36) revealing revealing(37) feminism feminism(38) disqualifies disqualifies(39) quote quote(40) singular singularPart III: Reading ComprehensionQuestions 41 to 45 are based on the following passage.Language not only allows us to communicate our thoughts and ideas to others but also helps us understand the world and how others think. Words and ideas convey much more than the basic information we use them for. Our choice of words, examples, context, and grammatical structure all contribute to forming a picture of ourselves and our world view. However, language is not a neutral vehicle in the representation of reality, and the mere existence of non-sexist and feminist terms does not guarantee their usage.Many of the words and ideas we use in everyday speech are overtly coded with sexist or gendered understandings which distract from their true intent. The only way to truly create a neutral language is to eliminate all of the sexist, feminist, gender-encoded terms and replace them with new ones. However, even this is not a guarantee that the words will be used in the intended manner or even that the cultural understandings which are attached to the non-neutral terms will be changed. Sexist use of language can not, very feasibly, be changed simply through the replacement of certain words or terms. With the samecultural understanding in place, the new terms will only be appropriated to mean or signify the same thingas the old ones. There is inherent sexism in language.Language and cultural understanding are connected and have a reciprocating relationship. Anotherimplied sexist use of language is the tendency to refer to inanimate objects in English (with no grammatical gender) as gendered. This is seen in references to boats, planes, or cars as feminine. Perhaps the mostwidely-used example of this is the idea of Mother Nature. Historically, men have treated nature as they treat women—as something to be subdued, exploited, and admired. Our concepts of gender and the relation ofthose concepts to reality are reflected in our choice of words and referents.Language and our use of it are almost entirely entrenched in our understanding of the world.Therefore, commonly held beliefs about gender and the differences between men and women are reflectedin language use. When gender neutral or feminine terms are introduced into a society still dominated bymen, their intended neutrality is thwarted in actual usage. Indeed, if man equals human (linguistically and culturally), then man will always be the standard against which woman is measured.41. Which of the following would make the best title for this passage?A. The Neutrality of Language: Why Uninteresting Language is Sometimes BetterB. Language as a Mirror: How Our Words Reflect What We ThinkC. Gendered Language: How English Sets a Perfect ExampleD. The Culture of Language: Why We Think the Way We Do42. After reading this passage, what can you infer about the nature of language?A. The interpretation of language is largely a matter of semantics.B. There is tenuous connection between language and culture.C. Very few words have cultural and sexual connotations.D. Language is the primary vehicle people use to express cultural understanding.43. "Historically, men have treated nature as they treat women—as something to be subdued,exploited, and admired." This statement establishes a _____ to use language in a particular way.A. motiveB. stigmaC. myriadD. standard44. Which paragraph introduces a discussion of the sexist use of language?A. Paragraph 1.B. Paragraph 2.C. Paragraph 3.D. Paragraph 4.45. What is the main idea of this passage?A. Much of the language we use is sexist.B. Language allows us to communicate our thoughts.C. Language and culture are directly related.D. Many inanimate objects are given genders in speech.。
综合教程 第四册unit5
1. Do you keep in touch with your childhood friends?2. What do you need friends for?It was, in many ways, a slight movie. Nothing actually happened. There was no big-budget chase scene, no bloody shoot-out. The story ended without any cosmic conclusions.Yet she found Claudia Weill's film Girlfriends gentle and affecting. Slowly, it panned across the tapestry of friendship — showing its fragility, its resiliency, its role as the connecting tissue between the lives of two young women.When it was over, she thought about the movies she had seen this year —Julia, The Turning Point and now Girlfriends. It seemed that the peculiar eye, the social lens of the cinema, had drastically shifted its focus. Suddenly the Male Buddy movies had been replaced by the Female Friendship flicks.This wasn't just another binge of trendiness, but a kind of cinema verite. For once the movies were reflecting a shift, not just from men to women but from one definition of friendship to another.Across millions of miles of celluloid, the ideal of friendship had always been male — a world of sidekicks and "partners" of Butch Cassidys and Sundance Kids. There had been something almost atavistic about these visions of attachments — as if producers culled their plots from some pop anthropology book on male bonding. Movies portrayed the idea that only men, those direct descendants of hunters and Hemingways, inherited a primal capacity for friendship. In contrast, they portrayed women picking on each other, the way they once picked berries.Well, that duality must have been mortally wounded in some shoot-out at the You're OK, I'm OK Corral. Now, on the screen, they were at least aware of the subtle distinction between men and women as buddies and friends.About 150 years ago, Coleridge had written, "A woman's friendship bordersmore closely on love than a man's. Men affect each other in the reflection of noble or friendly acts, whilst women ask fewer proofs and more signs and expressions of attachment."Well, she thought, on the whole, men had buddies, while women had friends. Buddies bonded, but friends loved. Buddies faced adversity together, but friends faced each other. There was something palpably different in the way they spent their time. Buddies seemed to "do" things together; friends simply "were" together.Buddies came linked, like accessories, to one activity or another. People have golf buddies and business buddies, college buddies and club buddies. Men often keep their buddies in these categories, while women keep a special category for friends.A man once told her that men weren't real buddies until they had been "through the wars" together — corporate or athletic or military. They had to soldier together, he said. Women, on the other hand, didn't count themselves as friends until they had shared three loathsome confidences.Buddies hang tough together; friends hang onto each other.It probably had something to do with pride. You don't show off to a friend; you show need. Buddies try to keep the worst from each other; friends confess it.A friend of hers once telephoned her lover, just to find out if he was home. She hung up without a hello when he picked up the phone. Later, wretched with embarrassment, the friend moaned, "Can you believe me? Athirty-five-year-old lawyer, making a chicken call?" Together they laughed and made it better.Buddies seek approval. But friends seek acceptance.She knew so many men who had been trained in restraint, afraid of eachother's judgment or awkward with each other's affection. She wasn't sure which. Like buddies in the movies, they would die for each other, but never hug each other.She had reread Babbitt recently, that extraordinary catalogue of male grievances. The only relationship that gave meaning to the claustrophobic life of George Babbitt had been with Paul Riesling. But not once in the tragedy of their lives had one been able to say to the other: You make a difference.Even now men shocked her at times with their description of friendship. Does this one have a best friend? "Why, of course, we see each other every February." Does that one call his most intimate pal long distance? "Why, certainly, whenever there's a real reason." Do those two old chums ever have dinner together? "You mean alone? Without our wives?"Yet, things were changing. The ideal of intimacy wasn't this parallel playmate, this teammate, this trenchmate. Not even in Hollywood. In the double standard of friendship, for once the female version was becoming accepted as the general ideal.After all, a buddy is a fine life-companion. But one's friends, as Santayana once wrote, "are that part of the race with which one can be human."。
全新版大学英语（第二版）综合教程四Unit5AFriendinNeed参考译文
全新版大学英语(第二版)综合教程_第四册_Uni t 5 Never Judgeby Appearances——A Friend in NeedA Friend in Need（by Somerset Maugha m）For thirty yearsnow I have been studyi ng my fellow men. I do not know very much aboutthem. I shrugmy should ers when people tell me that theirfirstimpres sions of a person are always right. I thinkthey must have smallinsigh t or greatvanity. For my own part I find that the longer I know people the more they puzzle me.我阅人至今已经有三十年之久。
我不大了解他们。
人家对我说他们对一个人的初次印象一准不会错的时候，我耸耸肩。
我认为他们必然眼力颇浅，或者自负过高。
就我来说，我发现自己认得越久的人，他们越使我迷惑不解。
//我最老的朋友们，恰恰是我可以说一点也不了解的人。
Thesereflec tions have occurr ed to me becaus e I read in this mornin g's paperthat Edward Hyde Burton had died at Kobe. He was a mercha nt and he had been in busine ss in Japanfor many years. I knew him very little, but he intere stedme becaus e once he gave me a greatsurpri se. Unless I had heardthe storyfrom his own lips, I should neverhave believ ed that he was capabl e of such an action. It was more startl ing becaus e both in appear anceand manner he sugges ted a very defini te type. Here if ever was a man all of a piece. He was a tiny little fellow, not much more than five feet four in height, and very slende r, with whitehair, a red face much wrinkl ed, and blue eyes. I suppos e he was aboutsixtywhen I knew him. He was always neatly and quietl y dresse d in accord ancewith his age and statio n.我产生这些想法是因为看到今天早晨报纸上登载爱德华·海德·勃吞在神户逝世的消息。
新编大学基础英语综合教程4教案
Lesson 1 DedicationLearning Objectives:1. Describing people and identifying common factors.2. Defining words and discussing the connotations.3. Reading a text about a man with an obsession.4. Discussing body transformations.Speaking1. Work in pairs. Look at the photos and discuss these questions.1) What does each picture show?2) How would you describe the people in the pictures?3) What do you think they might have in common?4) Do you think you are like any of these people? If so, in what way?Vocabulary : Talking about people1. Look at these definitions. Can you guess the words? In what way are the words different? Do they have positive or negative connotations?3. Look at the following words, which are all synonyms of determined. Do the words have positive or negative connotations? Divide them into two groups, using a dictionary to help you.4. Work in small groups and compare your one of the words to describe someone you know.My 11-year-old daughter is really obstinate — nothing I say can persuade her to read a book, she just watches rubbish on TV all the time.5. Read the short profiles below and decide which word in Exercise 3 best describes the person. More than one word may be appropriate.1) A politician who always gives her full support to her party leader, even when she does not agree with all the party's policies unwavering2) An employee who works day and night to get a promotion, even though it will probably be given to someone else. dogged/determined/persistent3) A woman who has recovered from cancer three timesstrong-willed/resolute4) A man who has failed his driving test ten times and is to take his test again next month.determined/persistent5) A child who refuses to wear blue trousers today. stubborn/wilful6) A president defending his club, which refuses membership to women. obstinate7) A girl who devotes all her free time to tennis practice and has no social life as a result. single-minded8) A single-parent father working, studying and bringing up two children. resolute/determinedSpeaking & Reading: Lexical preparation(1) go by sth.: to be guided by sth.; to form an opinion from sth.. That's a good rule to go by.2) lose count (of sth.): to forget the total of sth. before you have finished counting it. She had lost count of the number of times she'd told him to be careful.Speaking & Reading1. Work in pairs. Make a list of the different ways that people typically choose to change their bodies.2. You are going to read an article about a man called Stalking Cat. What changes do you think he has made to his body?3. Read the article and check your ideas.4. Read the text again and decide if these statements are true (T) of false (F).If false, explain why.(1) Plastic surgery is still relatively unusual. FIt is now commonplace2) Dennis Avner can't remember how many changes have been made to his body. T3) It is thought that a psychological illness may be the cause of Stalking Cat'T s behaviour.4) Because of the changes to his body, Cat is in constant pain. FT he procedures hurt at the time but there is no ongoing pain.5) The procedures Cat has undergone have been carried out illegally. FHe has to have the surgery carried out by a body modification artist because it would be illegal for a medical professional to alter appearance to this extent.6) Cat does not suffer any pain during the operations. FHe cannot have anaesthetic because only qualified doctors can administer it, so the operations are very painful.7) He does not particularly enjoy making the changes to his body. T8) He will probably not make any more changes to his body. FHis goal is to become a perfect cross between a cat and a human, so it is likelyhe will continue.5. Look again at the adjectives in Vocabulary, Exercise 3. Which would you use to describe Stalking Cat?6. Work in pairs. Discuss these questions.1) Think of someone you know who has made changes to his / her body. Was he / she happy with the results? Why? / Why not?2) In what circumstances would you consider making changes to your body?3) If you could transform yourself into a perfect cross between a human and an animal, which animal would you choose? Why?7. Translate the following sentences into English.1)如果可以依据以往的经验，这个航班会晚点的。
新编大学基础英语综合教程4 教案unit
Lesson 1 DedicationLearning Objectives:1. Describing people and identifying common factors.2. Defining words and discussing the connotations.3. Reading a text about a man with an obsession.4. Discussing body transformations.Speaking1.Work in pairs. Look at the photos and discuss these questions.1) What does each picture show?2) How would you describe the people in the pictures?3) What do you think they might have in common?4) Do you think you are like any of these people? If so, in what way?Vocabulary : Talking about people1. Look at these definitions. Can you guess the words? In what way are the words different? Do they have positive or negative connotations?2. Can you think of any other similar examples?traditional —old-fashioned —conventional3. Look at the following words, which are all synonyms of determined. Do the words have positive or negative connotations? Divide them into two groups, using a dictionary to help you.4. Work in small groups and compare your e one of the words to describe someone youknow.My 11-year-old daughter is really obstinate —nothing I say can persuade her to read a book, she just watches rubbish on TV all the time.5. Read the short profiles below and decide which word in Exercise 3 best describes the person. More than one word may be appropriate.1) A politician who always gives her full support to her party leader, even when she does not agree with all the party’s policies unwavering2) An employee who works day and night to get a promotion, even though it will probably beThe three words mean unmarried.Single is used to describe men or women and has a neutral connotation.Bachelor is used to describe a man and has a fairly neutralSpinster is used to describe a woman and is an old-fashioned (often disapproving)term with the implication that the woman will never marry. Its connotation isnegative.Traditional:in accordance with tradition, beliefs and customs; it can have a positive or negative connotation. Compare It is traditional to give chocolate eggs as Easter presents in the UK with He was a very traditional father and they often had arguments.Old-fashioned: not modern, a person who believes in out-dated ideas and customs; it has a negative connotation.Conventional: following conventions or norms; it can have a negative connotation: He holds very conventional views on politics. It may also have a neutral connotation, e.g. My new car is a very conventional design.Positive: resolute, unwavering, dedicatedNegative: stubborn, wilful, obstinate, dogged( single-minded, strong-willed and persistent are dependent on context.)given to someone else. dogged/determined/persistent3) A woman who has recovered from cancer three times strong-willed/resolute4) A man who has failed his driving test ten times and is to take his test again next month. determined/persistent5) A child who refuses to wear blue trousers today. stubborn/wilful6) A president defending his club, which refuses membership to women. obstinate7) A girl who devotes all her free time to tennis practice and has no social life as a result. single-minded8) A single-parent father working, studying and bringing up two children. resolute/determinedSpeaking & Reading: Lexical preparation(1) go by sth.:to be guided by sth.; to form an opinion from sth.e.g. That’s a good rule to go by.2) lose count (of sth.): to forget the total of sth. before you have finished counting ite.g. She had lost count of the number of times she’d told him to be careful.Speaking & Reading1. Work in pairs. Make a list of the different ways that people typically choose to change their bodies.2. You are going to read an article about a man called Stalking Cat. What changes do you think he has made to his body?3. Read the article and check your ideas.4. Read the text again and decide if these statements are true (T) of false (F). If false, explain why.(1) Plastic surgery is still relatively unusual. FIt is now commonplace2) Dennis Avner can’t remember how many changes have been made to his body. T3) It is thought that a psychological illness may be the cause of Stalking Cat’s behaviour. T4) Because of the changes to his body, Cat is in constant pain. FT he procedures hurt at the time but there is no ongoing pain.5) The procedures Cat has undergone have been carried out illegally. FHe has to have the surgery carried out by a body modification artist because it would be illegal fora medical professional to alter appearance to this extent.6) Cat does not suffer any pain during the operations. FHe cannot have anaesthetic because only qualified doctors can administer it, so the operations arevery painful.7) He does not particularly enjoy making the changes to his body. T8) He will probably not make any more changes to his body. FHis goal is to become a perfect cross between a cat and a human, so it is likely he will continue.5. Look again at the adjectives in V ocabulary, Exercise 3. Which would you use to describe Stalking Cat?6. Work in pairs. Discuss these questions.1) Think of someone you know who has made changes to his / her body. Was he / she happy with the results? Why? / Why not?2) In what circumstances would you consider making changes to your body?3) If you could transform yourself into a perfect cross between a human and an animal, which animal would you choose? Why?7.Translate the following sentences into English.1)如果可以依据以往的经验，这个航班会晚点的。
新编大学基础英语综合教程4教案unit
新编⼤学基础英语综合教程4教案unitLesson 1 DedicationLearning Objectives:1. Describing people and identifying common factors.2. Defining words and discussing the connotations.3. Reading a text about a man with an obsession.4. Discussing body transformations.Speaking1. Work in pairs. Look at the photos and discuss these questions.1) What does each picture show?2) How would you describe the people in the pictures?3) What do you think they might have in common?4) Do you think you are like any of these people? If so, in what way?Vocabulary : Talking about people1. Look at these definitions. Can you guess the words? In what way are the words different? Do they have positive or negative connotations?2. Can you think of any other similar examples?traditional — old-fashioned — conventional3. Look at the following words, which are all synonyms of determined. Do the words have positive or negative connotations? Divide them into two groups, using a dictionary to help you.4. Work in small groups and compare your /doc/312896577.htmle one of the words to describe someone youknow.My 11-year-old daughter is really obstinate — nothing I say can persuade her to read a book, she just watches rubbish on TV all the time.5. Read the short profiles below and decide which word in Exercise 3 best describes the person. More than one word may be appropriate.1) A politician who always gives her full support to her party leader, even whenThe three words mean unmarried.Single is used to describe men or women and has a neutral connotation.Bachelor is used to describe a man and has a fairly neutralSpinster is used to describe a woman and is an old-fashioned (often disapproving)term with the implication that the woman will never marry. Its connotation isnegative.Traditional:in accordance with tradition, beliefs and customs; it can have a positive or negative connotation. Compare It is traditional to give chocolate eggs as Easter presents in the UK with He was a very traditional father and they often had arguments.Old-fashioned: not modern, a person who believes in out-dated ideas and customs; it has a negative connotation. Conventional: following conventions or norms; it can have a negative connotation: He holds very conventional views on politics. It may also have a neutral connotation, e.g. My new car is a very conventional design.Positive: resolute, unwavering, dedicatedNegative: stubborn, wilful, obstinate, dogged( single-minded, strong-willed and persistent are dependent on context.)she does not agree with all the party’s policies unwavering2) An employee who works day and night to get a promotion, even though it will probablybe given to someone else. dogged/determined/persistent3) A woman who has recovered from cancer three times strong-willed/resolute4) A man who has failed his driving test ten times and is to take his test againnext month.determined/persistent5) A child who refuses to wear blue trousers today. stubborn/wilful6) A president defending his club, which refuses membership to women. obstinate7) A girl who devotes all her free time to tennis practice and has no social lifeas a result. single-minded8) A single-parent father working, studying and bringing up two children.resolute/determinedSpeaking & Reading: Lexical preparation(1) go by sth.: to be guided by sth.; to form an opinion from sth.e.g. That ’s a good rule to go by.2) lose count (of sth.): to forget the total of sth. before you have finishedcounting ite.g. She had lost count of the number of times she ’d told him to becareful.Speaking & Reading1. Work in pairs. Make a list of the different ways that people typically chooseto change their bodies.2. You are going to read an article about a man called Stalking Cat. What changesdo you think he has made to his body?3. Read the article and check your ideas.4. Read the text again and decide if these statements are true (T) of false (F).If false, explain why.(1) Plastic surgery is still relatively unusual. FIt is now commonplace2) Dennis Avner can ’t remember how many changes have been made to his body.T3) It is thought that a psychological illness may be the cause of Stalking Cat’s behaviour. T4) Because of the changes to his body, Cat is in constant pain. FT he procedures hurt at the time but there is no ongoing pain.5) The procedures Cat has undergone have been carried out illegally. FHe has to have the surgery carried out by a body modification artist because it would be illegal for a medical professional to alter appearance to this extent.6) Cat does not suffer any pain during the operations. FHe cannot have anaesthetic because only qualified doctors can administer it, so the operations are very painful.7) He does not particularly enjoy making the changes to his body. T8) He will probably not make any more changes to his body. FHis goal is to become a perfect cross between a cat and a human, so it is likely he will continue.5. Look again at the adjectives in Vocabulary, Exercise 3. Which would you use to describe Stalking Cat?6. Work in pairs. Discuss these questions.1) Think of someone you know who has made changes to his / her body. Was he / she happy with the results? Why? / Why not?2) In what circumstances would you consider making changes to your body?3) If you could transform yourself into a perfect cross between a human and an animal, which animal would you choose? Why?7. Translate the following sentences into English.1)如果可以依据以往的经验，这个航班会晚点的。
新编大学基础英语综合教程4教案unit5
新编大学基础英语综合教程4教案unit5Lesson 1 Hitting the HeadlinesLearning Objectives:1. Discussing newspaper headlines and matching to photos.2. Matching stories to headlines.3. Reading news stories for detail.4. Listening to news reports for detail.5. Revising & practising passive constructions.6. Writing and presenting a news report..Speaking1. Work in pairs. Look at the sentences (1–5) and discuss these questions.1) Where do you think they come from?2) What do you notice about the language used?(1) Where do you think they come from?They are all headlines from newspaper stories.2)What do you notice about the language used?They use simplified language, e.g. Omitting articles and simplifying tenses. They also use assonance (avalanche agony) and alliteration (Seb the Sailor). Neat, catchy and established phrases (happy ending, perfect alibi) are used to attract the reader.2. Match the sentences (1–5) to the pictures (a–e).Reading: Lexical preparation(1) accuse: v. (accuse sb. of sth.) : to say that sb. has done sth. wrong or is guilty of sth.e.g. The government was accused of incompetence.2) charge: v. (charge sb. with sth./ with doing sth.): to accuse sb formally of a crime so that there can be a trial in a court of lawe.g. He was charged with murder.3) convict: v. [often passive] (convict sb. of sth.): to decide and state officially in a court of law that sb. is guilty of a crimee.g. He was convicted of fraud.4) allege: v. [often passive] (formal) to state sth. as a fact but without giving proof (It is alleged that…)e.g. —It is alleged that he mistreated the prisoners.—He is alleged to have mistreated the prisoners.5) chance: [U] the way that some things happen without any cause that you can see or understand (by chance)e.g. I met her by chance (=without planning to) at the airport.6) impress: v. (formal) to have a great effect on sth., esp. sb’s mind, imagination, etc. (impress sth. / itself on sth.)7) catch up with sb. :①if the police or authorities catch up with sb., they find and punish them after some timee.g. The law caught up with him years later when he had moved to Spain.②to reach sb. who is ahead by going faster or reach the same level or standard as sb. who was better or more advancede.g. He had to work hard to catch up with the others after missing a term through illness.8) be / get caught up in sth. : to become involved in sth., especially when you do not want to bee.g. Innocent passers-by got caught up in the riot.9) attempt: n. an act of trying to do sth., especially sth. difficult, often with no success(in an attempt to do)(make an attempt to do)Reading1. Match the first lines of each news story below (a–e) to the full stories (i–v). What do all the first lines have in common?a) A Mafia hitman who was believed to have been responsible for ...b) A British climber made an extraordinary journey ...c) A Japanese man drove his car through a train station ...d) A man has been jailed for three years ...e) A 15-year-old boy from Cowes has become the youngest person ...What do all the first lines have in common?a) A Mafia hitman who was believed to have been responsible for ...b) A British climber made an extraordinary journey ...c) A Japanese man drove his car through a train station ...d) A man has been jailed for three years ...e) A 15-year-old boy from Cowes has become the youngest person ...The first lines introduce the main character, often with a qualifying adjective —mafia, British, etc.2. Read the news stories and answer these questions.1) Why did Graham Burdon post the message?Because he wanted to get in touch with some old school friends.2) Why is Torre’s perfect alibi such an “original”one?Because he confessed to having committed another murder on the same day.3) How did Seb Clover feel when he arrived?He felt very tired.2. Read the news stories and answer these questions.4) How did Saito try to attract the woman’s attention?By driving dangerously up stairs and along a corridor in a train station.5) Why was Trevor Jones lucky to have been found by the Romanian family?Because the village is usually uninhabited in winter.3. Discuss these questions with a partner.1) Which stories are the most humorous?Stories i, ii and iv.2) Identify any humorous or ironic touches in these texts.-- he was busy killing / he couldn't possibly have shot (ii);-- in a bid to get noticed (iv).4. Translate the following sentences into English.(1) 他被判处死刑，其犯罪团伙因杀害20人已受到指控。
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Lesson 1 Hitting the HeadlinesLearning Objectives:1. Discussing newspaper headlines and matching to photos.2. Matching stories to headlines.3. Reading news stories for detail.4. Listening to news reports for detail.5. Revising & practising passive constructions.6. Writing and presenting a news report..Speaking1. Work in pairs. Look at the sentences (1–5) and discuss these questions.1) Where do you think they come from?2) What do you notice about the language used?(1) Where do you think they come from?They are all headlines from newspaper stories.2)What do you notice about the language used?They use simplified language, e.g. Omitting articles and simplifying tenses. They also use assonance (avalanche agony) and alliteration (Seb the Sailor). Neat, catchy and established phrases (happy ending, perfect alibi) are used to attract the reader.2. Match the sentences (1–5) to the pictures (a–e).Reading: Lexical preparation(1) accuse: v. (accuse sb. of sth.) : to say that sb. has done sth. wrong or is guilty of sth.e.g. The government was accused of incompetence.2) charge: v. (charge sb. with sth./ with doing sth.): to accuse sb formally of a crime so that there can be a trial in a court of lawe.g. He was charged with murder.3) convict: v. [often passive] (convict sb. of sth.): to decide and state officially in a court of law that sb. is guilty of a crimee.g. He was convicted of fraud.4) allege: v. [often passive] (formal) to state sth. as a fact but without giving proof (It is alleged that…)e.g. —It is alleged that he mistreated the prisoners.—He is alleged to have mistreated the prisoners.5) chance: [U] the way that some things happen without any cause that you can see or understand (by chance)e.g. I met her by chance (=without planning to) at the airport.6) impress: v. (formal) to have a great effect on sth., esp. sb’s mind, imagination, etc. (impress sth. / itself on sth.)7) catch up with sb. :①if the police or authorities catch up with sb., they find and punish them after some timee.g. The law caught up with him years later when he had moved to Spain.②to reach sb. who is ahead by going faster or reach the same level or standard as sb. who was better or more advancede.g. He had to work hard to catch up with the others after missing a term through illness.8) be / get caught up in sth. : to become involved in sth., especially when you do not want to bee.g. Innocent passers-by got caught up in the riot.9) attempt: n. an act of trying to do sth., especially sth. difficult, often with no success(in an attempt to do)(make an attempt to do)Reading1. Match the first lines of each news story below (a–e) to the full stories (i–v). What do all the first lines have in common?a) A Mafia hitman who was believed to have been responsible for ...b) A British climber made an extraordinary journey ...c) A Japanese man drove his car through a train station ...d) A man has been jailed for three years ...e) A 15-year-old boy from Cowes has become the youngest person ...The first lines introduce the main character, often with a qualifying adjective —mafia, British, etc.2. Read the news stories and answer these questions.1) Why did Graham Burdon post the message?Because he wanted to get in touch with some old school friends.2) Why is Torre’s perfect alibi such an “original”one?Because he confessed to having committed another murder on the same day.3) How did Seb Clover feel when he arrived?He felt very tired.2. Read the news stories and answer these questions.4) How did Saito try to attract the woman’s attention?By driving dangerously up stairs and along a corridor in a train station.5) Why was Trevor Jones lucky to have been found by the Romanian family?Because the village is usually uninhabited in winter.3. Discuss these questions with a partner.1) Which stories are the most humorous?Stories i, ii and iv.2) Identify any humorous or ironic touches in these texts.-- he was busy killing / he couldn't possibly have shot (ii);-- in a bid to get noticed (iv).4. Translate the following sentences into English.(1) 他被判处死刑，其犯罪团伙因杀害20人已受到指控。
(accuse)He was sentenced to death. His gang had been accused of killing 20 people.2)她曾两次被判诈骗罪。
(convict of)She has twice been convicted of fraud.3)据说他是被迫签署那份文件的。
(It’s alleged that ...)It’s alleged that he had signed the document under pressure.4) 他们攀登那座山的一切尝试都失败了。
(in an attempt to do)They failed in all their attempts to climb the mountain.5) 他的话铭刻在我的记忆里。