2017年英语专业八级考试改错模拟测试题及答案5
英语专业八级的改错练习及参考答案
英语专业八级的改错练习及参考答案英语专业八级的改错练习及参考答案We use language primarily as a means of communication with other human beings. Each of us shares with the community in which we ive a store of words and meanings as well as agreeing conventions as __1__ to the way in which words should be arranged to convey a particular __2__ message: the English speaker has in his disposal a vocabulary and a __3__ set of grammatical rules which enables him to communicate his __4__ thoughts and feelings, in a variety of styles, to the other English __5__ speakers. His vocabulary, in particular, both that which he uses activetly and that which he recognises, increases in size as he grows old as a result of education and experience. __6__ But, whether the language store is relatively small or large, the system remains no more than a psychological reality for tike inpidual, unless he has a means of expressing it in terms able to be seen by another __7__ member of his linguistic community; he has to give the system a concrete transmission form. We take it for granted two most __8__ common forms of transmission-by means of sounds produced by our vocal organs (speech) or by visual signs (writing). And these are __9__ among most striking of human achievements. __10__答案：1. agreeing --------agreed2. ∧words----------these/those words3. in the disposal --------at the disposal4. enables--------enable5. “the” before “other English speakers”6. old------ older7. seen ------ perceived, understood, comprehended8. “it” before “for granted”9. And ----- Yet; However10. ∧most ------ the most striking。
英语专业八级改错练习题及答案解析
英语专业八级改错练习题及答案解析英语专业八级改错练习题及答案解析Now, it is clear that the decline of a language must ultimately have political and economical causes: it is not due simply to the badinfluence of this or that individual writers. But an effect can becomea cause, reinforce the original cause and producing the same effectin an intensified form, and so on indefinitely. A man may take drinkbecause he feels himself to be a failure, and then fail all the mostcompletely because he drinks. It is rather the same thing that ishappening to the English language. It becomes ugly and inaccuratebecause our thoughts are foolish, but the sloven of our languagemakes it easier for us to have foolish thoughts. The point is that theprocess is irreversible. Modern English, especially written English,is full of bad habits which spread by imitation and which can beavoided if one is willing to take the necessary trouble. If one getsrid of these habits one can think more clearly, and think clearly is anecessary first step towards political regeneration: so that the fightagainst bad English is not frivolous and is not the exclusive concerningof professional writers. I will come back to this present, and I hopethat by that time the meaning of what I have said here will have becomeclearer.答案及解析:1.economical－economiceconomical的意思是“节约的，经济的，省钱的”，而此处应选择economic表示“经济的，有关经济的”。
专八改错习题及答案解析
英语专业八级改错练习题及答案解析(一)About half of the infant and maternal deaths in developing countries couldbe avoided if women had used family planning methods to prevent high risk ____1____ pregnancies, according to a report publishing recently by the Johns Hopking ____2____University.The report indicates that 5.6 million infant deaths and 2,000,000 maternalDeaths could be prevented this year if women chose to have theirs children ____3____within the safest years with adequate intervals among births and limited their ____4____families to moderate size.This amounts to about half of the 9.8 million infant and 370.000 maternaldeaths in developing countries, excluded China, estimated for this year by ____5____the United Nation’s Children’s Fund and the US Centers for Disease Controlrespectably. China was excluded because very few births occur in the high ____6____risk categories.The report says that evidences from around the world shows the risk of ____7____maternal or infant ill and death is the highest in four specific types of ____8_____pregnancy; pregnancies before the mother is 18 year old; those after the ____9____mother is 35 years old; pregnancies after four births; and those lesser than ____10____two years apart.参考答案及解析:1 将had used 改为used。
2017-1995年英语专业八级改错真题及答案持续更新(部分详细讲解)文字答案校对版
1995-2017年英语专业八级改错真题及答案（文字/答案校对版）2017年改错真题The ability to communicate is the primary factor that distinguisheshumanbeings from animals. And it is the ability to communicate well which1.________distinguishes one individual from another.The fact is that apart from the basic necessities, one needs tobe equipped with habits for good communication skills, thus this is2.________what will make one a happy and successful social being.In order to develop these habits, one needs to first acknowledgethe fact that they need to improve communication skills from time to time.They need to take stock of the way how they interact and the direction3.________in which their work and personal relations are going. The only constantin life is change, th e more one accepts one’s strengths and works4._______towards dealing with their shortcomings, specially in the area of 5.________communication skills, the better will be their interactions andthe more their social popularity.The dominated question that comes here is: How to improve6.________communication skills? The answer is simple. One can findplenty of literature on this. There are also experts, who conductworkshops and seminars based on communication skills of menand women. In fact, a large number of companies are bringing intrainers to regularly make sessions on the subject, in order to 7.________help their work force maintain better interpersonal work relations.Today effective communication skills have become a predominantfactor even while recruiting employees. While interviewing candidates,most interviewers judge them on the basis of the skills they communicatewith.They believe that some skills can be improvised on the job; but abilityto 8.________communicate well is important, as every employee becomes therepresenting face of the company.There are trainers, who specialized in delivering custom-made9._______programs on the subject. Through the sessions they not only facilitatebetter communication skills in the workplace, but also look intothe problems in the manner of being able to convey messages effectively.10._______2016年改错真题All social units develop a culture. Even in two-person relationships,a culture develops in time. In friendship and romantic relationships,1._________for example, partners develop their own history, shared experiences,language patterns, habits, and customs give that relationship a special2._________character—a character that differs it in various ways from 3._________other relationships. Examples might include special dates, places,songs, or events that come to have a unique andimportant symbolic meaning for the two individuals. Thus, any4._________social unit—whether a relationship, group, organization, orsociety—develops a culture with the passage of time.While the defining characteristics of each culture are unique,all cultures share certain same functions. The relationship between5.__________communication and culture is a very complex intimate one. 6.__________Cultures are created through communication; that is, communication isthe means of human interaction, through it cultural characteristics7.__________are created and shared. It is not so much that individuals set out to createa culture when they interact in relationships, groups, organizations, orsocieties,but rather than that cultures are a natural by-product of social interaction.8._________In a sense, cultures are the “residue” of social communication.Without communication and communication media, it would be impossible tohave and pass along cultural characteristics from one place and time to9.__________another. One can say, furthermore, that culture is created, shaped,10._________transmitted, and learned through communication.2015年改错真题When I was in my early teens, I was taken to a spectacular showon ice by the mother of a friend. Looked round at the lux ury of the 1. ________rink, my friend’s mother remarked on the “plush”seats we had beengiven. I did not know what she meant, and being proud of my 2.________vocabulary, I tried to infer its meaning from the context. “Plush”was clearly intended as a complimentary, a positive evaluatio n; that 3. ________much I could tell it from the tone of voice and the conte xt. So I 4. ________started to use the word. Yes, I replied, they certainly are plush, andso are the ice rink and the costumes of the skaters, aren ’t they? Myfriend’s mother was very polite to correct me, but I could tell from her 5. ________expression that I had not got the word quite right.Often we can indeed infer from the context what a word roughlymeans, and that is in fact the way which we usually acquir e both 6. ________new words and new meanings for familiar words, specially in our 7. ________own first language. But sometimes we need to ask, as I sho uld haveasked for plush, and this is particularly true in the8._______ _aspect of a foreign language. If you are continually surroun ded by 9________speakers of the language you are learning, you can ask them directly,but often this opportunity does not exist for the learner o f English.So dictionaries have been developed to mend the gap.10. _________2014年改错真题There is widespread consensus among scholars that second language acquisition (SLA) emerged as a distinct field of research from the late 1950s toearly 1960s.There is a high level of agreement that the following questions 1.__________have possessed the most attention of researchers in this are a: 2.__________◆Is it possible to acquire an additional language in thesame sense one acquires a first language?3.__________◆What is the explanation for the fact adults have 4.__________more difficulty in acquiring additional languages than children have?◆What motivates people to acquire additional languages?◆What is the role of the language teaching in the 5.___________acquisition of an additional language?◆What socio-cultural factors, if any, are relevant in studying thelearning of additional languages?From a check of the literature of the field it is clear that all 6.__________the approaches adopted to study the phenomena of SLA so far haveone thing in common: The perspective adopted to view the acquiringof an additional language is that of an individual attempts to do 7.___________so. Whether one labels it “learning” or “acquiring” an additional language, it is an individual accomplishment or what is under 8.___________focus is the cognitive, psychological, and institutional status of anindividual. That is, the spotlight is on what mental capabilities are involving, what psychological factors play a role in the learning 9.___________or acquisition, and whether the target language is learnt in the classroom or acquired through social touch with native speakers. 10.___________2013年改错真题Psycho-linguistics is the name given to the study of the psychological processes involved in language. Psycholinguistics study understanding,production and remembering language, and hence are concerned1.__________with listening, reading, speaking, writing, and memory for l anguage.One reason why we take the language for granted is that it usually 2.__________happens so effortlessly, and most of time, so accurately.3.__________Indeed, when you listen to someone to speaking, or looking at this page, 4.________you normally cannot help but understand it.It is only in exceptional circumstances we might beco me aware of 5._________the complexity involved: if we are searching for a word but cannotremember it; if a relative or colleague has had a stroke which has 6._________influenced their language; if we observe a child acquire l anguage; 7._________if we try to learn a second language ourselves as an adu lt; or if weare visually impaired or hearing-impaired or if we meet anyo ne else 8._________who is. As we shall see, all these examplesof what might be called“language in exceptional circumstances”reveal a great dea l about theprocesses evolved in speaking,listening, writing and reading. But 9.__________given that language processes were normally so automatic, w e also 10.__________need to carry out careful experiments to get at what is ha ppening.2012年改错真题The central problem of translating has always been whethe r totranslate literally or freely. The argument has been going s ince at least 1.__________the first century B.C. Up to the beginning of the 19th cen tury, manywriters favored certain kind of “free”translation: the spi rit, not the 2.__________letter; the sense not the word; the message rather the form; the matter 3.__________not the manner. This is the often revolutionary slogan of writers who 4.___________wanted the truth to be read and understood. Then in the turn of 5.___________19th century, when the study of cultural anthropology suggested thatthe linguistic barriers were insuperable and that the language was 6.__________entirely the product of culture, the view translation was impossible 7.__________gained some currency, and with it that, if was attempted atall, it must 8.__________be asliteral as possible. This view culminated the statement of the 9._________extreme “literalists”Walter Benjamin and Vladimir Nobokov.The argument was theoretical: the purpose of the translation,the nature of the readership, the type of the text, was not discussed.Too often, writer,translator and reader were implicitly identified with eachother. Now, the context has changed, and the basic problemremains. 10. _________2011年改错真题From a very early age, perhaps the age of five or six, Iknew that when I grew I should be a writer. Between the ages1._____________of about seventeen and twenty-four I tried to abandon thisidea, but I did so with the conscience that I was outraging my2._____________true nature and that soon or later I should have to settle down3._____________and write books.I was the child of three, but there was a gap offive years on either side, and I barely saw my father 4._____________before I was eight. For this and other reasons I was somewhatlonely, and I soon developed disagreeing mannerisms which5._____________made me unpopular throughout my schooldays. I had thelonely child's habit of making up stories and holdingconversations with imaginative persons, and I think from the 6._____________very start my literal ambitions were mixed up with the feeling 7._____________of being isolated and undervalued. I knew that I had a facilitywith words and a power of facing in unpleasant facts, and I 8._____________felt that this created a sort of private world which I could get 9._____________my own back for my failure in everyday life. Therefore, the 10.____________volume of serious — i.e. seriously intended — writing whichI produced all through my childhood and boyhood would notamount to half a dozen pages. I wrote my first poemat the age of four or five, my mother taking it down to dictation.2010年改错真题So far as we can tell, all human languages are equallycomplete and perfect as instruments of communication: that is,every language appears to be well equipped as any other tosay 1____________the things their speakers want to say.2____________There may or may not be appropriate to talk about primitive 3_____________peoples or cultures, but that isanother matter. Certainly, not allgroups of people are equally competent in nuclear physics orpsychology or the cultivation of rice . Whereas this is notthe 4____________fault of their language. The Eskimos , it is said, can speak aboutsnow with further more precision and subtlety than we can in 5_____________English, but this is not because the Eskimo language (one of thosesometimes miscalled 'primitive') is inherently more precise andsubtle than English. This example does not come to light adefect 6____________in English, a show of unexpected 'primitiveness'. The position issimply and obviously that the Eskimos and the English livein similar 7___________environments. The English language will be just as rich in terms 8____________for different kinds of snow, presumably, if the environmentsin whichEnglishwas habitually used made such distinction as importan t. 9___________Similarly, we have no reason to doubt that the Eskimo l anguagecould be as precise and subtle on the subject of motor man ufactureor cricket if these topics formed the part of the Eskimos' life. 10____________For obvious historical reasons, Englishmen in the nineteenth centurycould not talk about motorcars with the minute discriminationwhich is possible today: cars were not a part of their culture.But they had a host of terms for horse-drawn vehicleswhich send us, puzzled, to a historical dictionary when weare reading Scott or Dickens. How many of us could distinguish between a chaise, a landau, a victoria, a brougham, a coupe, a gig, a diligence, a whisky, a calash, a tilbury, a carriole, a phaeton, and a clarence?2009年改错真题The previous section has shown how quickly a rhyme passe s fromone school child to the next and illustrates the further di fference 1.__________between school lore and nursery lore. In nursery lore a v erse,learnt inearly childhood, is not usually passed on again when the li ttle listener 2.__________has grown up, and has children of their own, or even grand child 3.___________The period between learning a nursery rhyme and transmittingit maybe something from twenty to seventy years.With the playground lore, 4.__________therefore, a rhyme may be excitedly passedon within the very hour it is 5._________learnt; and in the general, it passes between children of t he same age, 6.___________or nearly so, since it is uncommon for the difference in age betweenplaymates to be more than five years. If,therefore, a playground rhymecan be shown to have been currently for a hundred years, o r even just 7.___________for fifty, it follows that it has been retransmitted over a nd over; very 8.___________possibly it has passed along a chain of two or three hundr ed younghearers and tellers, and the wonder is that it remains live after so much 9.__________handling, to let alone that it bears resemblance to the10.___________2008年改错真题The desire to use language as a sign of national identi ty is avery natural one, and in result language has played a promi nent 1.__________part in national moves. Men have often felt the need to cu ltivate 2.__________a given language to show that they are distinctive from ano ther 3.__________race whose hegemony they resent. At the time the United Sta tes 4.__________split off from Britain, for example, there were proposals th atindependence should be linguistically accepted by the use of a 5.__________different language from those of Britain. There was even one6.__________proposal that Americans should adopt Hebrew. Others favoured the adoption of Greek, though, as one man put it, things w ouldcertainly be simpler for Americans if they stuck on to Engl ish 7.__________and made the British learn Greek. At the end, as everyone8.__________knows, the two countries adopted the practical and satisfac torysolution of carrying with the same language as before.9.__________Since nearly two hundred years now, they have shown the world 10.__________that political independence and national identity can be comp letewithout sacrificing the enormous mutual advantages of a commo n language.2007年改错真题From what has been said, it must be clear that no one canmake very positive statements about how language originated.There is no material in any language today and in the earl iest 1.__________records of ancient languages show us language in a new and2.__________emerging state. It is often said, of course, that the lan guage 3._________originated in cries of anger, fear, pain and pleasure, and the 4.__________necessary evidence is entirely lacking: there are no remotetribes, no ancient records, providing evidence ofa language with a large proportion of such cries5.__________than we find in English. It is true that the absenceof such evidence does not disprove the theory, but in other grounds 6.___________too the theory is not very attractive.People of all races and languages make rather similarnoises in return to pain or pleasure. The fact that7.___________such noises are similar on the lips of Frenchmenand Malaysians whose languages are utterly different,serves to emphasize on the fundamental difference8.___________between these noises and language proper. We maysay that the cries of pain or chortles of amusementare largely reflex actions, instinctive to large extent,9.____________whereas language proper does not consist of signsbut of these that have to be learnt and that arewholly conventional. 10.___________2006年改错真题We use language primarily as a means of communication withother human beings. Each of us shares with the community in which welive a store of words and meanings as well as agreeing c onventions as 1.________to the way in which words should be arranged to convey a particular 2.________message: the English speaker has in his disposal vocabulary and a 3._________set of grammatical rules which enables him to communicate his 4._________thoughts and feelings, in a variety of styles, to the other English 5._________speakers. His vocabulary, in particular, both that which he uses activelyand that which he recognises, increases in size as he growsold as a result of education and experience.6 ._________But, whether the language store is relatively small or l arge, the systemremains no more than a psychological reality for the individ ual, unlesshe has a means of expressing it in terms able to be seen by another 7._________member of his linguistic community; he has to give the syst em aconcrete transmission form. We take it for granted the two most 8.___________common forms of transmission-by means of sounds produced by ourvocal organs (speech) or by visual signs (writing). And thes e are 9.___________among most striking of human achievements.10.___________2005年改错真题The University as BusinesA number of colleges and universities have announced stee p tuitionincreases for next year—much steeper than the current, very low rate ofinflation. They say the increases are needed because of a l oss in value ofuniversity endowments heavily investing in common stock. I am skeptical. 1._______A business firm chooses the price that maximizes its net re venues,irrespective fluctuations in income; and increasingly the outl ook of 2._________universities in the United States is indistinguishable from t hose of 3._________business firms. The rise in tuitions may reflect the fact e conomic 4._________uncertaintyincreases the demand for education. The biggest cost of being in the school is foregoing income from a job (this i s primarily a 5._________factor in graduate and professional-school tuition);the poor one's job prospects,the more sense it makes to 6.__________reallocate time from the job market to education,in order to make oneself more marketable.The ways which universities make themselves attractive t o students7._________include soft majors, student evaluations of teachers, giving studentsa governance role, and eliminate required courses. Sky-high t uitions 8.____________have caused universities to regard their students as customer s. Just asbusiness firms sometimes collude to shorten the rigors of co mpetition, 9.___________universities collude to minimize the cost to them of the at hleteswhom they recruit in order to stimulate alumni donations, so the bestathletes now often bypass higher education in order to obtai n salariesearlier from professional teams. And until they were stopped by theantitrust authorities, the Ivy League schools colluded to l imit competitionfor the best students, by agreeing not to award scholarships on the basisof merit rather than purely of need—just like businessfirms agreeing not to give discounts on their best customer.10 ___________2004年改错真题One of the most important non-legislative functions of the U.S.Congressis the power to investigate. The power is usually delegtated tocommittees — either stading committees,special committees set for a specific purpose, 1.___________or joint committees consisted of members of both houses.2.___________Investigations are held to gather information on the need forFuture legislation, to test the effectiveness of laws already passed,to inquire into the qualification and performance of members andofficials of the other branches, and in rare occasions, to lay the3.___________groundwork for impeachment proceedings. Frequently, committeesrely outside experts to assist in conducting investigative hearings4.___________and to make out detailed studies of issues.5.____________There are important corallaries to the investigative power.One is the power to publicize investigations and its results.6.___________most committee hearings are open to public and are reported7.___________widely in the mass media. Congressional investigationnevertheless represent one important tool available to lawmakes8.___________to inform the citizenry and to arouse public interests in nationalissuses.9.__________Congressional committees also have the power to compeltestimony from unwilling witnesses, and to cite fro contemptof Congress witnesses who refuse to testify and for perjurythese who give false testimony.10.__________2003年改错真题Demographic indicators show that Americans in the postwarperiod were more eager than ever to establish families. Theyquicklybrought down the age at marriage for both men and women an d broughtthe birth rate to a twentieth century height after more tha n a hundred 1.________years of a steady decline, producing the “baby boom.”Thes e young 2.________adults established a trend of early marriage and relatively largefamilies that went for more than two decades and caused a major 3.___________but temporary reversal of long-term demographic patterns. Fromthe 1940s through the early 1960s, Americans married at a h igh rate 4.__________ and at a younger age than thei r Europe counterparts.5.__________Less noted but equally more significant, the men and women who 6._________formed families between 1940 and 1960 nevertheless reduced th e 7._________divorce rate after a postwar peak; their marriages remained intact toa greater extent than did that of couples who married in e arlier as well 8.__________as later decades. Since the Un ited States maintained its dubious 9.______ ____distinction of having the highest divorce rate in the world, thetemporary decline in divorce did not occur in the same exte nt in 10._________Europe. Contrary to fears of the experts, the role of breadwinner and homemaker was not abandoned.2002年改错真题There are great impediments to the general use of a sta ndardin pronunciation comparable to that existing in spelling (orthography). One is the fact that pronunciation is learnt “naturally”and unconsciously, and orthography is learnt1.____________deliberately and consciously. Large numbers of us, in fact, remain throughout our lives quite unconscious with what2.____________our speech sounds like when we speak out, and it often3.____________comes as a shock when we firstly hear a recording of ourselves. 4.____________It is not a voice we recognize at once, whereas our own h andwritingis something which we almost always know. We begin the “na tural” 5.___________learning of pronunciation long before we start learning to read orwrite, and in our early years we went on unconsciously imitating and 6.___________practicing the pronunciation of those around us for many more hoursper every day than we ever have to spend learning even our difficult 7.__________English spelling. This is “natural”therefore, that our speech-sounds 8.__________should be those of our immediate circle; after all, as wehave seen,speech operates as a means of holding a community and9.__________giving a sense of“belonging”. We learn quite early to recognize a“stranger”,someone who speaks with an accent of a differentCommunity—perhaps only a few miles far.10.__________2001年改错真题During the early years of this century, wheat was seen as the very lifeblood of Western Canada. People on city streets watched the yieldsand the price of wheat in almost as much feeling as if they were growers.1.________The marketing of wheat became an increasing favorite topic of conversation.2.______War set the stage for the most dramatic events in marketing the western crop. For years, farmers mistrusted speculative grain sellingas carried on through the Winnipeg Grain Exchange. Wheat priceswere generally low in the autumn, so farmers could not wait for 3.____________markets to improve. It had happened too often that they sold their wheat soon shortly after harvest when farm debts were coming due, 4.____________just to see prices rising and speculators getting rich. On variousoccasions,5.________producer groups, asked firmer control, but the government had no wish to6.________become involving, at least not until wartime when wheat pricesthreatened7.________to run wild.Anxious to check inflation and rising life costs, the federal8.___________government appointed a board of grain supervisors to deal with deliveriesfrom the crops of 1917 and 1918. Grain Exchange trading was suspended,and farmers sold at prices fixed by the board. To handle with the cropof 9._________1919, the government appointed the first Canadian Wheat Board,with total authority to buy, sell, and set prices.10.___________2000年改错真题The grammatical words which play so large a part in Englishgrammar are for the most part sharply and obviously differentfrom the lexical words. A rough and ready difference which mayseem the most obvious is that grammatical wordshave“ less 1.___________meaning”, but in fact some grammarians have called them2.___________“empty” words as opposed in the “full” words of vocabulary.3.__________But this is a rather misled way of expressing the distinction.4.__________Although a word like the is not the name of something as man is,it is very far away from being meaningless; there is a sharp5.__________difference in meaning between “man is vile and” “the man isvile”, yet the is the single vehicle of this diff erence in meaning.6.___________Moreover, grammatical words differ considerably amongthemselves as the amount of meaning they have, even in the7.___________lexical sense. Another name for the grammatical words has been“little words”. But size is by no mean a g ood criterion for8.___________distinguishing the grammatical words of English, when weconsider that we have lexical words as go, man, say, car. Apart9.___________from this, however, there is a good deal of truth in what some。
英语专业八级改错
It is difficult to think of a nation as an abstract collection of people living on a patch of territory. It is easier to think of as a person. This is why we sometimes call Great Britain __1__ "Britannia" and the United States "Columbia", and think of it as stately women. We also use masculine symbols in our __2__ personification of nations. In 1712 John Arbuthont, a Scot,wrote a political satire in that the characters were supposed __3__ to be typical members of different nationalities. The Englishman was John Bull. This name, which was sufficient flattering to be__4__ adopted generally, combined the most common English first name with a last name indicated strength. John Bull is usually __5__ pictured as a partly businessman with a Union Jack on his hatband.After the American War of Independence began in 1783, the United __6__States was knownfor "Brother Jonathan". Jonathan was a biblical __7__ name associated with simple people from rural areas, and it seemed fitting since the United States is rural and unsophiscated, and since __8__American considered their type of simplicity a virtue compared to __9__ the wickedness of European cities. It is possible, however, that the name was originated with President George Washington, who would __10__often say, when faced with a hard problem, "Let us consult Brother Jonathan", referring to his secrectary, Johnathan Trumbull.英语专业八级（1）答案和解析:1. of和as之间加上it.代替前文的a nation2. it—both.指代上文的US和Great Britain3. that—which4.sufficient—sufficiently.修饰形容词用副词5. indicated—indicating来源：考试大6. began—ended.根据历史知识，美国独立战争开始于1776年7月4日(《独立宣言》发表)，直到1783年英国正式承认美国独立才结束。
2017英语专业八级考试短文改错真题解析
2017 英语专业八级考试短文改错真题解析去年的短文改错有一定的难度。
原材料选自很多年前的一本书，而且不是完全照搬，真题对原材料做了较大的改编和补充。
个别几个地方设计很有区分度。
我们先来看看2017 年短文改错真题的来源，直接上图PARTIII LANGUAGE USAGE [15 MIN] 10%The passage contains TEN errors.Each indicated line contains a maximum of ONE error. In each case onln and write the correct on in the blankFor an unnecessary word, cross the unnecessary word the slash/ and out the word in the blankProofread the given passage on ANSWER SHEET THREEas instructed.2017 年英语专业八级统一考试真题及解析PART III LANGUAGE USAGE [15 MIN] 10%The passage contains TEN errors. Each indicated line contains a maximum of ONE error. In eachcase only ONE word is involved. You should proofread the passage and correct it in the followingway.For a wroe slash / and out the word in the blankProofread the given passage on ANSWER SHEET THREE as instructed.The ability to communicate is the primary factor that distinguish human。
2017-1995年英语专业八级改错真题及答案-持续更新(部分详解)文字答案校对版精品名师资料
1995-2017年英语专业八级改错真题及答案（文字/答案校对版）2017年改错真题The ability to communicate is the primary factor that distinguishes human beings from animals. And it is the ability to communicate well which 1.________ distinguishes one individual from another.The fact is that apart from the basic necessities, one needs tobe equipped with habits for good communication skills, thus this is 2.________ what will make one a happy and successful social being.In order to develop these habits, one needs to first acknowledgethe fact that they need to improve communication skills from time to time.They need to take stock of the way how they interact and the direction 3.________ in which their work and personal relations are going. The only constantin l ife is change, the more one accepts one’s stre ngths and works 4._______ towards dealing with their shortcomings, specially in the area of 5.________ communication skills, the better will be their interactions andthe more their social popularity.The dominated question that comes here is: How to improve 6.________ communication skills? The answer is simple. One can findplenty of literature on this. There are also experts, who conductworkshops and seminars based on communication skills of menand women. In fact, a large number of companies are bringing intrainers to regularly make sessions on the subject, in order to 7.________ help their work force maintain better interpersonal work relations.Today effective communication skills have become a predominantfactor even while recruiting employees. While interviewing candidates,most interviewers judge them on the basis of the skills they communicate with.They believe that some skills can be improvised on the job; but ability to 8.________ communicate well is important, as every employee becomes therepresenting face of the company.There are trainers, who specialized in delivering custom-made 9._______ programs on the subject. Through the sessions they not only facilitatebetter communication skills in the workplace, but also look intothe problems in the manner of being able to convey messages effectively. 10._______ 2016年改错真题All social units develop a culture. Even in two-person relationships,a culture develops in time. In friendship and romantic relationships, 1._________ for example, partners develop their own history, shared experiences,language patterns, habits, and customs give that relationship a special 2._________ character—a character that differs it in various ways from 3._________ other relationships. Examples might include special dates, places,songs, or events that come to have a unique andimportant symbolic meaning for the two individuals. Thus, any 4._________ social unit—whether a relationship, group, organization, orsociety—develops a culture with the passage of time.While the defining characteristics of each culture are unique,all cultures share certain same functions. The relationship between 5.__________ communication and culture is a very complex intimate one. 6.__________ Cultures are created through communication; that is, communication isthe means of human interaction, through it cultural characteristics 7.__________ are created and shared. It is not so much that individuals set out to create a culture when they interact in relationships, groups, organizations, or societies,but rather than that cultures are a natural by-product of social interaction.8._________ In a sense, cultures are the “residue” of social communication.Without communication and communication media, it would be impossible tohave and pass along cultural characteristics from one place and time to 9.__________ another. One can say, furthermore, that culture is created, shaped, 10._________ transmitted, and learned through communication.2015年改错真题When I was in my early teens, I was taken to a spectacular showon ice by the mother of a friend. Looked round at the luxury of the 1. ________ rink, my friend’s mother remarked on the “plush” seats we had beengiven. I did not know what she meant, and being proud of my 2.________ vocabulary, I tried to infer its meaning from the context. “Plush”was clearly intended as a complimentary, a positive evaluation; that 3. ________ much I could tell it from the tone of voice and the context. So I 4. ________ started to use the word. Yes, I replied, they certainly are plush, andso are the ice rink and the costumes of the skaters, aren’t they? Myfriend’s mother was very polite to correct me, but I could tell from her 5. ________ expression that I had not got the word quite right.Often we can indeed infer from the context what a word roughlymeans, and that is in fact the way which we usually acquire both 6. ________ new words and new meanings for familiar words, specially in our 7. ________ own first language. But sometimes we need to ask, as I should haveasked for plush, and this is particularly true in the 8.________ aspect of a foreign language. If you are continually surrounded by 9________ speakers of the language you are learning, you can ask them directly,but often this opportunity does not exist for the learner of English.So dictionaries have been developed to mend the gap. 10. _________2014年改错真题There is widespread consensus among scholars that second language acquisition (SLA) emerged as a distinct field of research from the late 1950s toearly 1960s.There is a high level of agreement that the following questions 1.__________ have possessed the most attention of researchers in this area: 2.__________◆Is it possible to acquire an additional language in thesame sense one acquires a first language? 3.__________◆What is the explanation for the fact adults have 4.__________ more difficulty in acquiring additional languages than children have?◆What motivates people to acquire additional languages?◆What is the role of the language teaching in the 5.___________acquisition of an additional language?◆What socio-cultural factors, if any, are relevant in studying thelearning of additional languages?From a check of the literature of the field it is clear that all 6.__________ the approaches adopted to study the phenomena of SLA so far haveone thing in common: The perspective adopted to view the acquiringof an additional language is that of an individual attempts to do 7.___________ so. Whether one labels it “learning” or “acquiring” an additionallanguage, it is an individual accomplishment or what is under 8.___________ focus is the cognitive, psychological, and institutional status of an individual. That is, the spotlight is on what mental capabilities areinvolving, what psychological factors play a role in the learning 9.___________ or acquisition, and whether the target language is learnt in theclassroom or acquired through social touch with native speakers. 10.___________ 2013年改错真题Psycho-linguistics is the name given to the study of the psychological processes involved in language. Psycholinguistics study understanding,production and remembering language, and hence are concerned 1.__________ with listening, reading, speaking, writing, and memory for language.One reason why we take the language for granted is that it usually 2.__________ happens so effortlessly, and most of time, so accurately. 3.__________ Indeed, when you listen to someone to speaking, or looking at this page, 4.________ you normally cannot help but understand it.It is only in exceptional circumstances we might become aware of 5._________ the complexity involved: if we are searching for a word but cannotremember it; if a relative or colleague has had a stroke which has 6._________ influenced their language; if we observe a child acquire language; 7._________ if we try to learn a second language ourselves as an adult; or if weare visually impaired or hearing-impaired or if we meet anyone else 8._________ who is. As we shall see, all these examples of what might be called“language in exceptional circumstances” reveal a great deal about theprocesses evolved in speaking, listening, writing and reading. But 9.__________ given that language processes were normally so automatic, we also 10.__________ need to carry out careful experiments to get at what is happening.2012年改错真题The central problem of translating has always been whether totranslate literally or freely. The argument has been going since at least 1.__________ the first century B.C. Up to the beginning of the 19th century, manywriters favored certain kind of “free” translation: the spirit, not the 2.__________ letter; the sense not the word; the message rather the form; the matter 3.__________ not the manner. This is the often revolutionary slogan of writers who 4.___________ wanted the truth to be read and understood. Then in the turn of 5.___________ 19th century, when the study of cultural anthropology suggested thatthe linguistic barriers were insuperable and that the language was 6.__________ entirely the product of culture, the view translation was impossible 7.__________ gained some currency, and with it that, if was attempted at all, it must 8.__________ be as literal as possible. This view culminated the statement of the 9._________ extreme “literalists” Walter Benjamin and Vladimir Nobokov.The argument was theoretical: the purpose of the translation,the nature of the readership, the type of the text, was not discussed.Too often, writer, translator and reader were implicitly identified with eachother. Now, the context has changed, and the basic problem remains. 10. _________ 2011年改错真题From a very early age, perhaps the age of five or six, Iknew that when I grew I should be a writer. Between the ages 1._____________ of about seventeen and twenty-four I tried to abandon thisidea, but I did so with the conscience that I was outraging my 2._____________ true nature and that soon or later I should have to settle down 3._____________ and write books.I was the child of three, but there was a gap offive years on either side, and I barely saw my father 4._____________ before I was eight. For this and other reasons I was somewhatlonely, and I soon developed disagreeing mannerisms which 5._____________ made me unpopular throughout my schooldays. I had thelonely child's habit of making up stories and holdingconversations with imaginative persons, and I think from the 6._____________ very start my literal ambitions were mixed up with the feeling 7._____________ of being isolated and undervalued. I knew that I had a facilitywith words and a power of facing in unpleasant facts, and I 8._____________ felt that this created a sort of private world which I could get 9._____________ my own back for my failure in everyday life. Therefore, the 10.____________ volume of serious — i.e. seriously intended —writing whichI produced all through my childhood and boyhood would notamount to half a dozen pages. I wrote my first poemat the age of four or five, my mother taking it down to dictation.2010年改错真题So far as we can tell, all human languages are equallycomplete and perfect as instruments of communication: that is,every language appears to be well equipped as any other to say 1____________ the things their speakers want to say. 2____________ There may or may not be appropriate to talk about primitive 3_____________ peoples or cultures, but that is another matter. Certainly, not allgroups of people are equally competent in nuclear physics orpsychology or the cultivation of rice . Whereas this is not the 4____________ fault of their language. The Eskimos , it is said, can speak aboutsnow with further more precision and subtlety than we can in 5_____________ English, but this is not because the Eskimo language (one of thosesometimes miscalled 'primitive') is inherently more precise andsubtle than English. This example does not come to light a defect 6____________ in English, a show of unexpected 'primitiveness'. The position issimply and obviously that the Eskimos and the English live in similar 7___________ environments. The English language will be just as rich in terms 8____________ for different kinds of snow, presumably, if the environments in whichEnglishwas habitually used made such distinction as important. 9___________ Similarly, we have no reason to doubt that the Eskimo languagecould be as precise and subtle on the subject of motor manufactureor cricket if these topics formed the part of the Eskimos' life. 10____________ For obvious historical reasons, Englishmen in the nineteenth centurycould not talk about motorcars with the minute discriminationwhich is possible today: cars were not a part of their culture.But they had a host of terms for horse-drawn vehicleswhich send us, puzzled, to a historical dictionary when weare reading Scott or Dickens. How many of us could distinguishbetween a chaise, a landau, a victoria, a brougham, a coupe, a gig,a diligence, a whisky, a calash, a tilbury, a carriole, a phaeton, and a clarence?2009年改错真题The previous section has shown how quickly a rhyme passes fromone school child to the next and illustrates the further difference 1.__________ between school lore and nursery lore. In nursery lore a verse,learnt inearly childhood, is not usually passed on again when the little listener 2.__________ has grown up, and has children of their own, or even grandchild 3.___________ The period between learning a nursery rhyme and transmitting it maybe something from twenty to seventy years.With the playground lore, 4.__________ therefore, a rhyme may be excitedly passed on within the very hour it is 5._________ learnt; and in the general, it passes between children of the same age, 6.___________or nearly so, since it is uncommon for the difference in age betweenplaymates to be more than five years. If, therefore, a playground rhymecan be shown to have been currently for a hundred years, or even just 7.___________ for fifty, it follows that it has been retransmitted over and over; very 8.___________ possibly it has passed along a chain of two or three hundred younghearers and tellers, and the wonder is that it remains live after so much 9.__________ handling, to let alone that it bears resemblance to the 10.___________ 2008年改错真题The desire to use language as a sign of national identity is avery natural one, and in result language has played a prominent 1.__________ part in national moves. Men have often felt the need to cultivate 2.__________ a given language to show that they are distinctive from another 3.__________ race whose hegemony they resent. At the time the United States 4.__________ split off from Britain, for example, there were proposals thatindependence should be linguistically accepted by the use of a 5.__________ different language from those of Britain. There was even one 6.__________ proposal that Americans should adopt Hebrew. Others favouredthe adoption of Greek, though, as one man put it, things wouldcertainly be simpler for Americans if they stuck on to English 7.__________and made the British learn Greek. At the end, as everyone 8.__________knows, the two countries adopted the practical and satisfactorysolution of carrying with the same language as before. 9.__________ Since nearly two hundred years now, they have shown the world 10.__________ that political independence and national identity can be completewithout sacrificing the enormous mutual advantages of a common language.2007年改错真题From what has been said, it must be clear that no one canmake very positive statements about how language originated.There is no material in any language today and in the earliest 1.__________ records of ancient languages show us language in a new and 2.__________emerging state. It is often said, of course, that the language 3._________ originated in cries of anger, fear, pain and pleasure, and the 4.__________ necessary evidence is entirely lacking: there are no remotetribes, no ancient records, providing evidence ofa language with a large proportion of such cries 5.__________ than we find in English. It is true that the absenceof such evidence does not disprove the theory, but in other grounds 6.___________ too the theory is not very attractive.People of all races and languages make rather similarnoises in return to pain or pleasure. The fact that 7.___________ such noises are similar on the lips of Frenchmenand Malaysians whose languages are utterly different,serves to emphasize on the fundamental difference 8.___________between these noises and language proper. We maysay that the cries of pain or chortles of amusementare largely reflex actions, instinctive to large extent, 9.____________ whereas language proper does not consist of signsbut of these that have to be learnt and that are wholly conventional. 10.___________ 2006年改错真题We use language primarily as a means of communication withother human beings. Each of us shares with the community in which welive a store of words and meanings as well as agreeing conventions as 1.________ to the way in which words should be arranged to convey a particular 2.________ message: the English speaker has in his disposal vocabulary and a 3._________ set of grammatical rules which enables him to communicate his 4._________ thoughts and feelings, in a variety of styles, to the other English 5._________ speakers. His vocabulary, in particular, both that which he uses activelyand that which he recognises, increases in size as he growsold as a result of education and experience. 6._________ But, whether the language store is relatively small or large, the system remains no more than a psychological reality for the individual, unlesshe has a means of expressing it in terms able to be seen by another 7._________ member of his linguistic community; he has to give the system aconcrete transmission form. We take it for granted the two most 8.___________ common forms of transmission-by means of sounds produced by ourvocal organs (speech) or by visual signs (writing). And these are 9.___________ among most striking of human achievements. 10.___________ 2005年改错真题The University as BusinesA number of colleges and universities have announced steep tuitionincreases for next year—much steeper than the current, very low rate ofinflation. They say the increases are needed because of a loss in value ofuniversity endowments heavily investing in common stock. I am skeptical. 1._______ A business firm chooses the price that maximizes its net revenues,irrespective fluctuations in income; and increasingly the outlook of 2._________ universities in the United States is indistinguishable from those of 3._________ business firms. The rise in tuitions may reflect the fact economic 4._________ uncertainty increases the demand for education. The biggest cost ofbeing in the school is foregoing income from a job (this is primarily a 5._________ factor in graduate and professional-school tuition);the poor one's job prospects, the more sense it makes to 6.__________ reallocate time from the job market to education,in order to make oneself more marketable.The ways which universities make themselves attractive to students7._________include soft majors, student evaluations of teachers, giving studentsa governance role, and eliminate required courses. Sky-high tuitions 8.____________ have caused universities to regard their students as customers. Just asbusiness firms sometimes collude to shorten the rigors of competition, 9.___________ universities collude to minimize the cost to them of the athleteswhom they recruit in order to stimulate alumni donations, so the bestathletes now often bypass higher education in order to obtain salariesearlier from professional teams. And until they were stopped by theantitrust authorities, the Ivy League schools colluded to limit competitionfor the best students, by agreeing not to award scholarships on the basisof merit rather than purely of need—just like businessfirms agreeing not to give discounts on their best customer. 10 ___________ 2004年改错真题One of the most important non-legislative functions of the U.S. Congressis the power to investigate. The power is usually delegtated tocommittees —either stading committees,special committees set for a specific purpose, 1.___________ or joint committees consisted of members of both houses. 2.___________ Investigations are held to gather information on the need forFuture legislation, to test the effectiveness of laws already passed,to inquire into the qualification and performance of members andofficials of the other branches, and in rare occasions, to lay the 3.___________ groundwork for impeachment proceedings. Frequently, committeesrely outside experts to assist in conducting investigative hearings 4.___________ and to make out detailed studies of issues. 5.____________ There are important corallaries to the investigative power.One is the power to publicize investigations and its results. 6.___________ most committee hearings are open to public and are reported 7.___________ widely in the mass media. Congressional investigationnevertheless represent one important tool available to lawmakes 8.___________ to inform the citizenry and to arouse public interests in national issuses.9.__________ Congressional committees also have the power to compeltestimony from unwilling witnesses, and to cite fro contemptof Congress witnesses who refuse to testify and for perjurythese who give false testimony. 10.__________ 2003年改错真题Demographic indicators show that Americans in the postwarperiod were more eager than ever to establish families. They quicklybrought down the age at marriage for both men and women and broughtthe birth rate to a twentieth century height after more than a hundred 1.________ years of a steady decline, producing the “baby boom.” These young 2.________ adults established a trend of early marriage and relatively largefamilies that went for more than two decades and caused a major 3.___________ but temporary reversal of long-term demographic patterns. Fromthe 1940s through the early 1960s, Americans married at a high rate 4.__________ and at a younger age than their Europe counterparts. 5.__________ Less noted but equally more significant, the men and women who 6._________ formed families between 1940 and 1960 nevertheless reduced the 7._________ divorce rate after a postwar peak; their marriages remained intact toa greater extent than did that of couples who married in earlier as well 8.__________ as later decades. Since the United States maintained its dubious 9.__________ distinction of having the highest divorce rate in the world, thetemporary decline in divorce did not occur in the same extent in 10._________ Europe. Contrary to fears of the experts, the role ofbreadwinner and homemaker was not abandoned.2002年改错真题There are great impediments to the general use of a standardin pronunciation comparable to that existing in spelling(orthography). One is the fact that pronunciation is learnt“naturally” and unconsciously, and orthography is learnt 1.____________ deliberately and consciously. Large numbers of us, in fact,remain throughout our lives quite unconscious with what 2.____________ our speech sounds like when we speak out, and it often 3.____________ comes as a shock when we firstly hear a recording of ourselves. 4.____________ It is not a voice we recognize at once, whereas our own handwritingis something which we almost always know. We begin the “natural” 5.___________ learning of pronunciation long before we start learning to read orwrite, and in our early years we went on unconsciously imitating and 6.___________ practicing the pronunciation of those around us for many more hoursper every day than we ever have to spend learning even our difficult 7.__________ English spelling. This is “natural” therefore, that our speech-sounds 8.__________ should be those of our immediate circle; after all, as we have seen,speech operates as a means of holding a community and 9.__________ giving a sense of “belonging”. We learn quite early to recognize a“stranger”, someone who speaks with an accent of a different Community—perhaps only a few miles far. 10.__________ 2001年改错真题During the early years of this century, wheat was seen as the verylifeblood of Western Canada. People on city streets watched the yieldsand the price of wheat in almost as much feeling as if they were growers. 1.________ The marketing of wheat became an increasing favorite topic of conversation.2.______ War set the stage for the most dramatic events in marketing thewestern crop. For years, farmers mistrusted speculative grain sellingas carried on through the Winnipeg Grain Exchange. Wheat priceswere generally low in the autumn, so farmers could not wait for 3.____________ markets to improve. It had happened too often that they sold their wheatsoon shortly after harvest when farm debts were coming due, 4.____________ just to see prices rising and speculators getting rich. On various occasions,5.________ producer groups, asked firmer control, but the government had no wish to 6.________ become involving, at least not until wartime when wheat prices threatened7.________ to run wild.Anxious to check inflation and rising life costs, the federal 8.___________ government appointed a board of grain supervisors to deal with deliveriesfrom the crops of 1917 and 1918. Grain Exchange trading was suspended,and farmers sold at prices fixed by the board. To handle with the crop of 9._________ 1919, the government appointed the first Canadian Wheat Board,with total authority to buy, sell, and set prices. 10.___________ 2000年改错真题The grammatical words which play so large a part in Englishgrammar are for the most part sharply and obviously differentfrom the lexical words. A rough and ready difference which mayseem the most obvious is that grammatical words have“ less 1.___________ meaning”, but in fact s ome grammarians have called them 2.___________ “empty” words as opposed in the “full” words of vocabulary. 3.__________ But this is a rather misled way of expressing the distinction. 4.__________ Although a word like the is not the name of something as man is,it is very far away from being meaningless; there is a sharp 5.__________ difference in meaning between “man is vile and” “the man isvile”, yet the is the single vehicle of this diff erence in meaning. 6.___________ Moreover, grammatical words differ considerably amongthemselves as the amount of meaning they have, even in the 7.___________ lexical sense. Another name for the grammatical words has been“little words”. But size is by no mean a go od criterion for 8.___________ distinguishing the grammatical words of English, when weconsider that we have lexical words as go, man, say, car. Apart 9.___________ from this, however, there is a good deal of truth in what somepeople say: we certainly do create a great number of obscurity 10.__________ when we omit them. This is illustrated not only in the poetry ofRobert Browning but in the prose of telegrams and newspaper headlines.1999年改错真题The hunter-gatherer tribes that today live as our prehistoric 1.____________ human ancestors consume primarily a vegetable diet supplementing 2.____________ with animal foods. An analysis of 58 societies of modem hunter-gatherers, including the Kung of southern Africa, revealed that onehalf emphasize gathering plant foods, one-third concentrate onfishing and only one-sixth are primarily hunters. Overall, two-thirds。
英语专业八级改错练习题及答案
英语专业八级改错练习题及答案英语专业八级改错练习题及答案「篇一」英语专业八级改错练习题Successful aging is a psychological feat. Fear for__1__death, for example, may sometimes oppress you。
even when this is successfully overcome, there is stillsomething for you to deal with-loneliness. Lonelinesscanspeed your demise no matter conscientiously __2__you care for your body. “We go through lifesurroundedby protective convoys of others,” says Robert Kahn, a psychologist of the Universityof Michiganwho studied the health effects of companio nship. “People __3__who manage to maintain a network of social support do best.” One study of elderlyheart-attack patientsfound that those with two or more close associations __4__enjoyed twice the one-year survival rate of those whowere completely alone。
Companionship aside, healthy oldsters seem toshare a knack for managing stress, poison that contributes __5__ measurably to heart disease, cancer and accidents。
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2017年英语专业八级考试改错模拟测试
题及答案5
I think it is true to saying that, in general, language teachers (26)
have paid little attention to the way sentences are used in combination to form stretches of disconnected discourse. They have tended to take (27)
their cue from the grammarian and have concentrated to the teaching (28)
of sentences as self-contained units. It is true that these are often represented in "contexts" and strung together in dialogues and (29)
reading passages, but these are essentially setting to make the formal properties of the sentences stand out more clearly, properties which are then established in the learners brain(30)
by means of practice drill and exercises. Basically, the language teaching unit is the (31)
sentence as a formal linguistic object. The language teachers view of what that constitutes knowledge of a language is essentially the same (32)
as Chomskys knowledge of a syntactic structure of sentences, (33)
and of the transformational relations which hold them. Sentences are seen as paradigmatically rather than syntagmatically related. Such a knowledge "provides the basis for the actual use of language by the speaker-hearer". The assumption that the language appears to make (34) is that once this basis is provided, then the learner will have no difficulty in the dealing with the actual use of language.(35)
答案：
26.saying改为say
27.disconnected改为connected
28.to改为on
29.represented改为presented
30.brain改为mind
31.drill改为drills
32.去掉what后面的that
33.去掉knowledge后的a
nguage后加teacher
35. 去掉dealing前面的the。