2005年01月老托福语法全真题及答案

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2005年真题及参考答案

2005年同等学力人员申请硕士学位外国语水平全国统一考试Paper OnePartⅠ Dialogue Communication (10 minutes, 10 points)Section A Dialogue Completion1.A: Why don‟t you have dinner with me tonight?B:A.Because I have an appointment.B.Sorry about that, but I have to go to a party.C.The reason is that I have to work overtime tonight.D.I‟d love to, but I have to finish my paper.2.A: I‟m afraid I have spilled some coffee on the tablecloth.B:A. Oh, don‟t worry about that.B. You needn‟t apologize.C. I feel sorry for that.D. Oh, you shouldn‟t have done that.3. A: You seem to have a lot of work to do in your office. You‟ve always been working overtime. B:A. You are right, but don‟t you know the meaning of work?B. Sorry, I don‟t think so. I get overpaid for overwork, you know.C. That‟s right. All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy.D. That‟s right, but the work is interesting. I don‟t mind some extra hours at all.4. A: George, I would like to introduce a friend of mine, if I may: Albert Snow. Albert, this is George Smith. B:A. How have you been?B. Pleased to meet you, George.C. Mind if call you George?D. The pleasure‟s mine.5. A: Excuse me. I don‟t want to interrupt you…B:A. No, no. It‟s quite all right.B. Well, never mind.C. It won‟t bother me.D. Of course not.Section B Dialogue Comprehension6. Man: I saw John yesterday. You know what? He was driving a luxurious car.Woman: He rented it. He often makes believe that he is a millionaire.Question: What does the woman mean?A. Everyone believes that John is a millionaire.B. John dreams of becoming a millionaire.C. John dreams of having a luxurious car.D. John pretends to be a millionaire.7. Woman: I can hardly go on. The work is so tough.Man: Don‟t lose heart. I‟ll back you up all the time.Question: What does the man mean?A. He will help the woman with her work.B. He will support the woman.C. He will do the work for the woman.D. He will encourage the woman.8. Man: I didn‟t know you got a promotion. Why didn‟t you tell me earlier so that we could have celebrated it? Woman: I guess it slipped my mind. My mind was lost to other things because of work.Question: What does the woman mean?A. She felt lost with her work.B. She had a poor memory.C. She forgot to tell him.D. She had to go to work.9. Man: The new Chevy Chase film was terrific!Woman: Oh, come off it, Al. Chevy Chase is a great comedian, but he sure didn‟t show it in that movie. Question: What does the woman think of the movie?A. It‟s great comedy.B. It‟s typical Chevy Chase film.10. Woman: You haven‟t said a word about my dress, Dave. Don‟t you like it?Man: I‟m sorry I didn‟t say anything about it sooner. I don‟t think I‟ve seen anything like is before.Question: What does the man probably think of the dress?A. It is in fashion.B. It surely is unique.C. It is a bit old-fashioned.D. It surely suits her.Part Ⅱ Vocabulary (10 minutes, 10 points)Section A11.Should English classes be compulsory at the elementary or primary school level in countrieswhere it is not the native language?A. requiredB. necessaryC. selectedD. permanent讲义3．Next semester, Susan must take three compulsory courses.A. formalB. voluntaryC. practicalD. required12.In the end, both attacks and defenses of the free market and conventional economics haveimmense philosophical implications.A. traditionalB. novelC. capital-centeredD. consumption-centered 讲义9. Tiny atomic electric batteries have certain advantages over the ______ storage batteries.A. universalB. inclusiveC. indefinite22. The girl of ten has such exceptional abilities that everyone is jealous of her.A. regularB. specificC. extraordinary13.Applicant will be asked to provide information on how they will disseminate information toother students at their university or college.A. discloseB. deliverC. spreadD. analyze14.In general, the British people belong to one of the more affluent countries of Europe and enjoy ahigh standard of living compared to the rest of the world.A. plentifulB. powerfulC. friendlyD. wealthy15.To absorb a younger work force, many companies offered retirement plans as incentives forolder workers to retire and make way for the younger ones who earned lower salaries.A. rewardsB. opportunitiesC. motivesD. stimuli讲义2. The fun of playing the game was a greater incentive than the prize.A. motiveB. initiativeC. excitementD. entertainment16.Their business flourished at its new location a year later owing to their joint efforts and hardwork.A. prevailedB. failedC. boomedD. shrank讲义：11. The Timber rattlesnake is now on the endangered species list, and is extinct in two eastern states in which it once ______.A. thrivedB. swelledC. prospered17.The pressure on her from her family caused her to resort to the drastic measures.A. turn toB. keep toC. stick toD. lead to18.I shall never forget the look of intense anguish on the face of his parents when they heard thenews.A. stressB. dilemmaC. miseryD. surprise19.If minor disputes are left unsettled, tough ones will pile up sooner or later.A. accumulateB. vanishC. lingerD. emerge20.The police tried in vain to break up the protest crowds in front of the government building.A. unskillfullyB. violentlyC. ineffectivelyD. eventuallyyour department.A. satisfactionB. gratitude D. sincerity讲义：1. I' d like to take this opportunity to extend my heart-felt gratitude to the host.A. increaseB. prolongC. intensifyD. express22.The objective of this popular consultation is to determine, , the final political status of theregion, whether to remain part of the country as a special district, or to part from it.A. once upon a timeB. once and againC. all at onceD. once and for all从前一而再，屡次断然地, 坚决地23.The two countries will assign counter-drug officials to their respective embassies ona basis.A. fundamentalB. similarC. reciprocal 互惠的D. reasonable24.Tennessee‟s population is nearly two-fifths rural, and no single city or group ofcities the state.A. dominatesB. managesC. manipulatesD. controls25.We all know that in a situation like this a cool head is .A. called forB. called offC. called onD. called up讲义：9. A well-written composition ______ good choice of words and clear organization among other things.A. calls onB. calls forC. calls upD. calls off26.The destruction an earthquake causes depends on its and duration, or the amount ofshaking that occurs.A. altitudeB. magnitudeC. multitudeD. aptitude讲义：35. In my opinion, you can widen the ______ of these improvements through your active participation.A. dimensionB. volume D. scope27.The El Nino has affected the regional weather and temperature over much of the tropics,sub-tropics and some mid-latitude areas.A. externallyB. consistentlyC. insistentlyD. internally28.During all these years of absence he had a tender feeling for his mother and the family.A. enclosedB. huggedC. enrichedD. cherished29.The choice for a consumer, therefore, is the choice among the available ones that willenable him or her to maximize utility.A. optimalB. optionalC. opticalD. optimistic30.Mrs. Smith tears when she heard her daughter had died in the road accident.A. broke inB. broke upC. broke throughD. broke intoPart Ⅲ Reading Comprehension (45 minutes, 25 points)Passage OneIt was Friday, the day of the field trip on which Miss Joan would take her class to pick apples.Miss Joan enjoyed picking apples with her students. She smiled as she led her students to the bus that would take them to the Greenly Apple Orchard（果园）.The bus ride was bumpy and the kids were a little noisy, but still Miss Joan was smiling.The bus stopped in front of the Greenly Orchard Store and the class got off quickly and quietly. Miss Joan made sure everyone was there. “What a glorious,sunny, apple picking day,” Miss Joan announced with her grandest smile.Mr. Greenly was there to greet them. “Let see, there are eighteen children and two adults atMiss Joan held u p the brochure in her hand. “It says that the price is two dollars each,”she pointed ort. “That‟s what I collected from everyone.”“We‟ve had to raise the price,” Mr. Greenly stated.“You sent me this brochure after we made our reservation,” Miss Joan complained, “and it says two dollars!”“Miss Joan, if you look at the bottom of this brochure,” Mr. Greenly said, “you‟ll notice a very important statement.”Sure enough, in very tiny letters, it said, “Prices are subject to change without notice.”Miss Joan was determined to keep her good mood. She took a twenty dollars bill out of her own purse and handed it to Mr. Greenly with the forty dollars she had in an envelope.“Now children, do you all have your baskets?” Miss Joan called out. “Remember, you can pic k as many apples six apples each.”“I beg your pardon!”Miss Joan was not smiling now. “The brochure says,…ALL YOU CAN PICK‟!”Mr. Greenly pointed to the tiniest letters Miss Joan had ever almost seen. It also says, “Terms and conditions of group reservat ions are subject to change without notice.”Miss Joan‟s good mood was now history. She didn‟t want to set a bad example for her students, so she said in a calm and quiet voice, “We‟re going home, give me our money back, please.”31.How many dollars did Miss Joan hand to Mr. Greenly?A. 20.B. 40.C. 60.D. 1832.The phrase “subject to change without notice” suggests .A.Mr. Greenly could change the terms at will.B.the customers should read the brochure carefullyC.Mr. Greenly could determine what apples to be picked.D.the customers should be informed beforehand.33.The students could not pick as many apples as they would like because .A.they were children.B. there were not enough apples.C. they had made a group reservation.D. they would eat up too many apples.34.“Miss Joan‟s good mood was now history?”(the last paragraph) means .A.Miss Joan had been happy until that moment.B.Miss Joan was no longer interested in history.C.Miss Joan taught her students the history of the orchard.D.Miss Joan was good at concealing her feelings35.What can we learn about Miss Joan from the story?A. She did not read the brochure carefully.B. She made a reservation after seeing the brochure.C. She lost her temper in the end.D. She didn‟t know h ow to complain.Passage TwoBoth civilization and culture are fairly modern words, having come into prominent use during the 19th century by anthropologists(人类学家), historians, and literary figures. There has been a strong tendency to use them interchangeably as though they mean the same thing, but they are not the same.Although modern in their usage, the two words derived from ancient Latin. The word civilization is based on the Latin civis, of a city. Thus civilization, in its most essential meaning, isit would seem that certain insects, such as ants or bees, are also civilized. They live and work together in social groups. So do some microorganisms. But there is more to civilization, and that is what culture brings to it. So, civilization is inseparable from culture.The word culture is derived from the Latin verb colere, till the soil. But colere also has a wider range of meanings. It may, like civis, mean inhabiting a town or village. But most of its definitions suggest a process of starting and promoting growth and development. One may cultivate a garden; one may also cultivate one‟s interests, mind, and abilities. In its modern use the word culture refers to all the positive aspects and achievements of humanity that make mankind different from the rest of the animal world. Culture has grown out of creativity, a characteristic that seems to be unique to human beings.One of the basic and best-know features of civilization and culture is the presence of tools. But more important than their simple existence is that the tools are always being improved and enlarged upon, a result of creativity. It took thousands of years to get from the first wheel to the latest, most advanced model of automobile.It is the concept of humans as toolmakers and improvers that differentiates them from other animals. A monkey may use a stick to knock a banana from a tree, but that stick will never, through a monkey‟s clevernes s, be modified into a hook or a ladder. Monkeys have never devised a spoken language, written a book, composed a melody, built a house, or painted a portrait. To say that birds build nests and beavers(海狸)their dens is to miss the point. People once lived in caves, but their cleverness, imagination, and creativity led them to progress beyond caves to buildings.36. What does the author think of the words “civilization”and “culture”?A. They are identical.B. They are different concepts.C. They can often be used interchangeably.D. They are defined differently by different people.37. According to the author the word “civilization” originally refers to .A. people‟s way of life in citiesB. people‟s ability to live together in citiesC. a type of social organizationsD. an advanced level of social life38. The Latin verb colere originally means “”.A. live in a cityB. develop oneselfC. promote growthD. cultivate the land39. The author believes that creativity .A. is a unique feature of civilized beingsB. brings forth the improvement of toolsC. is the result of human developmentD. helps the advance of culture40. The author mentions monkeys in the last paragraph to show that .A. monkeys are the same as birdsB. people once lived in caves like monkeysC. monkeys can never develop into human beingsD. man is different from other animals such as monkeysPassage ThreeThe huge growth of global “ecotourism”industry is becoming an increasing concern for conservationists with mounting evidence that many wild species do not respond well to contact with human beings. Overexposure to tourists has been linked to stress, abnormal behaviour and adverse health effects in species such as polar bears, dolphins and gorillas(大猩猩)，says a report in New Scientist.While regulated ecotourism can help conservation efforts by encouraging people to manage endangered species and their habitats, many projects are poorly designed and unregulated, it says.environmentally friendly policies and operations.”While regulated ecotourism can help conservation efforts by encouraging people to manage endangered species and their habitats, “many projects are p oorly designed and hint they are based on environmentally friendly policies and operations.”Ecotourism is growing by 10 to 30 percent a year and an estimated 20 percent of tourists are thought to visit a conservation-based project. Philip Seddon, of the University of Otago in New Zealand, said that although most tourist projects conformed to basic guidelines on land use and not scaring wildlife, their full impact was rarely considered.“Transmission of disease to wildlife, or subtle changes to wildlife health through disturbance of daily routines or increased stress levels may translate to lowered survival and breeding,” he said. Research at the University of Auckland has shown that dolphins become restless and overactive when many tourist boats are present. When three or more boats are near, the dolphins rest for 0.5 percent of the time, compared with 68 percent when they are accompanied by a single boat. The findings are backed up by studies of dolphins in Britain. Researchers at the University of Manitoba in Canada have found that male polar bears easily disturbed by tourist vehicles, with a possible effect on their heart rate and metabolism(新陈代谢). That could reduce body fat levels and fitness, critical for survival.In Africa, gorillas have picked up parasites introduced to their habitat by tourists and mongooses(蠓)have caught lung diseases from human beings. Experts said that the answer to the problems was better regulation and supervision of ecotourism. The Galapagos Islands, where visitor numbers are strictly controlled, is a good model.41. Ecotourism is meant to .A. have tourists help in the conservation of wildlifeB. have wild species respond well to contact with humansC. make wild species reduce stress and abnormal behaviourD. make conservationists more concerned with wildlife42. According to New Scientist, many ecotourist projects .A. really encourage people to protect wildlife and its habitatB. strictly follow environmentally friendly policiesC. actually lack proper examination and official approvalD. seriously damage the habitats of endangered species43. What will happen to wildlife ul timately if the present “ecotourism” practice goes on?A. It will disturb their life.B. It will affect their health.C. It will increase their stress.D. It will threaten their survival.44. According to the passage, the growth in the global “ecotourism” industry .A. reflects an increasing concern for conservationB. arouses a growing concern for conservationC. coincides with a mounting concern for conservationD. originates from a grater concern for conservation45. According to the passage, a solution to the “ecotourism” problem is to .A. encourage people to manage endangered speciesB. reduce the exposure of wildlife to human beingsC. help wild animals increase their fitnessD. prevent wildlife from catching human diseasesComputers can beat chess champion Gary Kasparov at his game, count all the atoms in a nuclear explosion, and calculate complex figures in a fraction of a second, but they still fail at the slight differences in language translation. Artificial Intelligence computers have large amounts of memory, capable of storing huge translating dictionaries and extensive lists of grammar rules. Yet, today‟s best computer language translators have just a 60 percent accuracy rate. Scientist s are still unable to program the computer with human-like common sense reasoning power.Computer language translation is called Machine Translation, or MT. While not perfect, MT is surprisingly good. MT was designed to process dry, technical language that people find tedious to translate. Computers can translate basic phrases, such as “You foot bone‟s connected to your ankle bone, your ankle bone‟s connected to your leg bone.” They can translate more difficult phrases, such as “Which witch is which?” Computers can also accurately translate “Wild thing, you make my heart sing!” into other languages because they can understand individual words, as long as the words are pre-programmed in their dictionary.But highly sensitive types of translating, such as important diplomatic conversations, are beyond the scope of computer translating programs. Human translators use intuitional meaning, not logic, to process words and phrases into other languages. A human can properly translate the phrase, “The pen is in the pe n(围养禽畜的圈),” because most humans know that it means that a writing instrument is in a small enclosed space. Many times, computers do not have the ability to determine in which way two identical words in one sentence are to be used.In addition to using massive rule-programmed machines, computer programmers are also trying to teach computers to learn how to think for themselves through the “experience” of translating. Even with these efforts, programmers admit that a “thinking” computer might not ever be invented in the future.46. Computers today are capable of .A. defeating the best chess player in the worldB. telling subtle differences between languagesC. translating over 60 percent of difficult textsD. doing human-like common sense reasoning47. According to the passage, which of the following is NOT true?A. Computers can translate dry and difficult phrases.B. Computers can understand sensitive language.C. Computers can translate technical language.D. Computers can understand pre-programmed words.48. The major problem with computer translating programs is that computers .A. can not translate illogical sentencesB. do not have a large enough capacity of memoryC. can not understand grammatical rulesD. do not have intuition to process language49. To improve machine translation, computer programmers are trying to .A. use powerful rule-programmed computersB. teach computers to think by practiceC. have computers compile translating dictionariesD. add explanations of words in computer programs50. The passage suggests that .A. the accuracy rate of machine translation cannot be raisedB. it is impossible for computers to think as humans doC. only technical language is suitable for machine translationD. it is impossible to determine of identical wordsSeveral years ago during the dot-com passion, Manhattan lawyer John Kennedy sometimes wore a dark blue suit to meet potential Internet clients. But he soon realized that his conservative clothes were a strike against him before he even shook hands. So he began to do business in casual, open-shirt clothes.But now the tables have turned. Today Silicon Valley executives are the ones often coming out in suits. No wonder that Fortune 500 executives are dusting off their silk ties and pants.” I would say there is a trend now toward a little more business dress,” said Kennedy. “I find myself wearing suits more.”While there isn‟t a rush toward formal office wear, clothiers and executives say the workplace uniform is heading that way. In many offices, men are wearing jackets, ties and pants more frequently than a year age. Top women executives never went as casual as men, so the shift doesn‟t affect them as dramatically.“Business casual” took several years to catch on. It started with casual Fridays, evolved to casual summers, then became casual everyday. A return to the button-down look also will take time, observers say. Lehman Brothers is one of the few major firms that has officially returned to a formal dress policy, at least for offices that clients visit. Men were told to wear suits and ties and women to wear suits or dresses. The shift is due to a rethinking of work environments and more contacts with clients as the firm has grown.Observers mention many factors driving the trend. Internet companies helped lead the dress-down movement and other industries followed suit to attract workers. But with the collapse of many dot-coms, the relaxed look is becoming a style to avoid. Moreover, as the economy stumbles, more people are hunting for jobs or trying to keep the ones they have, and appearance counts.US President Bush wears a coat and tie in the White House office and expects his staff to dress “professionally,” which some say sets a tome for the nation.Chuck Wardell, managing director of a recruiting firm, believes a lot of employees like a stiffer uniform. “They‟re going to work. They don‟t want to feel like they‟re going to a picnic.”51.”Business casual” was prevalent several years ago because _____.A. the Manhattan law business grew very quicklyB. shaking hands with clients became popularC. the country was fighting the conservativesD. the Internet companies boomed then52. When the “bu siness ca sual” prevailed, _____.A. businessmen wore ties only in workplaceB. businessmen didn‟t wear ties at allC. businesswomen didn‟t wear formally in workplaceD. businesswomen still wore formally everywhere53. The Fortune 500 executives__________.A. set the trend toward more casual wearB. are particular about what they wearC. begin to wear suits more often than beforeD. are usually indifferent to fashion trend54. At the beginning of the “business casual” trend, business people wore casually___________.A. when meeting clientsB. on weekendsC. in summerD. almost every day55. It is implied in the passage that the change of business dress from the casual to the formalreflects_____.A. the changed of people‟s taste in fashionB. the ups and downs of the fashion industryC. the ups and downs of the Internet companiesD. people‟s different preference in business dressPart IV CloseThe United States has historically had higher rates of marriage than those of other industrialized countries. The current annual marriage 56 in the United States ---about 9 new marriages for every 1,000 people ---is 57 higher than it is in other industrialized countries. However, marriage is 58 as widespread as it was several decades ago. 59 of American adults who are married 60 _ form 72 percent in 1970 to 60 percent in 2002.This does not mean that large numbers of people will remain unmarried 61 their lives. Throughout the 20th century, about 90 percent of Americans married at some 62 in their lives. Experts_ 63 that about the same proportion of today‟s young adults will eventually marry.The timing of marriage has varied 64 over the past century. In 1995 the average age of women in the United States at the time of their first marriage was 25.The average age of men was about 27.Men and women in the United States marry for the first time at an average of five years later than people did in the 1950s. 65 ,young adults of the 1950s married younger than did any previous 66 in U.S. history. Today‟s later age of marriage is 67 the age of marriage between 1890 and 1940. Moreover, a greater proportion of the population was married (95 percent)during the 1950s than at any time before 68 .Experts do not agree on why the “marriage rush” of the late 1940s and 1950s occurred, but most social scientists believe it represented a 69 to the return of peaceful life and prosperity after 15 years of severe economic 70 and war.56. A. rate B. ratio C. percentage D. poll57. A. potentially B. intentionally C. randomly D. substantially相当大的58. A. not any longer B. no more C. no longer D. not any more59. A. A proportion B. The proportion C. The number D. A number60. A. declined B. deteriorated C. deduced D. demolished61. A. past B. passing C. throughout D. through62. A. period B. level C. point D. respect63. A. project B. plan C. promise D. propose64. A . unexpectedly B. irregularly C. flexibly D. consistently65. A. Besides B. However C. Whereas D. Nevertheless66. A. descendants B. ascendants C. population D. generation67. A. according to B. in line with C. based on D. caused by68. A. and after B. or after C. or since D. ever since69. A. refusal B. realization C. response D. reality70. A. repression B. aggression C. restriction D. depressionPart V Error Detection71. It is an accepted custom for guests to take their gifts to the wedding reception when the coupleinvited them to attend.72. Some international students use a cassette recorder to make tapes of their classes so that theycan repeat the lectures again.73. Despite of diligent efforts to promote domestic production during the war years, the ContinentalArmy had to rely primarily on captures and imports for much of its military hardware and even for clothing.74. In a sense, farmers began primitive genetic engineering at the dawn of agriculture, which theykept seeds from their best plants, gradually improving the quality of successive generations.。

2005年托福考试全真试题测试(6)

2005年托福考试全真试题测试(6)33. What does the passage mainly discuss?(A) The increased use of private mail services(B) The development of a government postal system(C) A comparison of urban and rural postal services(D) The history of postage stamps.34. The word "varied" in line 2 could best be replaced by(A) increased(B) differed(C) returned(D) started35. Which of the following was seen as a disadvantage of the postage stamp?(A) It had to be purchased by the sender in advance.(B) It increased the cost of mail delivery.(C) It was difficult to affix to letters.(D) It was easy to counterfeit.36. Why does the author mention the city of Philadelphia in line 9?(A) It was the site of the first post office in the United States.(B) Its postal service was inadequate for its population.(C) It was the largest city in the United States in 1847.(D) It was commemorated by the first United States postage stamp.37. The word "cumbersome" in line 13 is closest in meaning to(A) burdensome(B) handsome(C ) loathsome(D) quarrelsome38. The word "they" in line 15 refers to(A) Boston and Philadelphia(B) businesses(C) arrangements(D) letters39. The private postal services of the nineteenth century claimed that they could do which of the following better than the government?(A) Deliver a higher volume of mail.(B) Deliver mail more cheaply.(C) Deliver mail faster.(D) Deliver mail to rural areas.40. In 1863 the United States government began providing which of the following to mail carriers? (A) A salary(B) Housing(C) Transportation(D) Free postage stamps41. The word "Confined" in line 21 is closest in meaning to(A) granted(B) scheduled(C) limited(D) recommendedQuestions 43-50Archaeology has long been an accepted tool for studying prehistoric cultures.Relatively recently the same techniques have been systematically applied to studies ofthe more immediate past. This has been called "historical archaeology," a term that isused in the United States to refer to any archaeological investigation into NorthAmerican sites that postdate the arrival of Europeans.Back in the 1930's and 1940's, when building restoration was popular, historical <br>archaeology was primarily a tool of architectural reconstruction. The role of archaeologistswas to find the foundations of historic buildings and then take a back seat to architects.The mania for reconstruction had largely subsided by 1950's. Mostpeople entering historical archaeology during this period came out of universityanthropology departments., where they had studied prehistoric cultures. They were, bytraining, social scientists, not historians, and their work tended to reflect this bias. Thequestions they framed and the techniques they used were designed to help themunderstand, as scientists, how people behaved. But because they were treading onhistorical ground for which there was often extensive written documentation and becausetheir own knowledge of these periods was usually limited, their contributions to Americanhistory remained circumscribed. Their reports, highly technical and sometimes poorlywritten, went unread.精品文档资料，适用于企业管理从业者，供大家参考，提高大家的办公效率。

2005年大学英语六级考试试题及参考答案（1月）（2）

Part II Reading Comprehension (35 minutes)Directions: There are 4 passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage. I had an experience some years ago which taught me something about the ways in which people make a bad situation worse by blaming themselves. One January, I had to officiate at two funerals on successive days for two elderly women in my community. Both had died "full of years," as the Bible would say; both yielded to the normal wearing out of the body after a long and full life. Their homes happened to be near each other, so I paid condolence (吊唁) calls on the two families on the same afternoon. At the first home, the son of the deceased (已故的) woman said to me, "If only I had sent my mother to Florida and gotten her out of this cold and snow, she would be alive today. It's my fault that she died." At the second home, the son of the other deceased woman said, "If only I hadn't insisted on my mother's going to Florida, she would be alive today. That long airplane ride, the abrupt change of climate, was more than she could take. It's my fault that she's dead." When things don't turn out as we would like them to, it is very tempting to assume that had we done things differently, the story would have had a happier ending. Priests know that any time there is a death, the survivors will feel guilty. Because the course of action they took turned out badly, they believe that the opposite course - keeping Mother at home, postponing the operation – would have turned out better. After all, how could it have turned out any worse? There seem to be two elements involved in our readiness to feel guilt. The first is our pressing need to believe that the world makes sense, that there is a cause for every effect and a reason for everything that happens. That leads us to find patterns and connections both where they really exist and where they exist only in our minds. The second element is the notion that we are the cause of what happens, especially the bad things that happen. It seems to be a short step from believing that every event has a cause to believing that every disaster is our fault. The roots of this feeling may lie in our childhood. Psychologists speak of the infantile myth of omnipotence (万能). A baby comes to think that the world exists to meet his needs, and that he makes everything happen in it. He wakes up in the morning and summons the rest of the world to its tasks. He cries, and someone comes to attend to him. When he is hungry, people feed him, and when he is wet, people change him. Very often, we do not completely outgrow that infantile notion that our wishes cause things to happen.21. What is said about the two deceased elderly women?A) They lived out a natural life.B) They died of exhaustion after the long plane ride.C) They weren't accustomed to the change in weather.D) They died due to lack of care by family members.22. The author had to conduct the two women's funerals probably because ________.A) he wanted to console the two familiesB) he was an official from the communityC) he had great sympathy for the deceasedD) he was priest of the local church23. People feel guilty for the deaths of their loved ones because ________A) they couldn't find a better way to express their griefB) they believe that they were responsibleC) they had neglected the natural course of eventsD) they didn't know things often turn out in the opposite direction24. In the context of the passage, "... the world makes sense" (Line 2, Para, 4) probably means that ________.A) everything in the world is predeterminedB) the world can be interpreted in different waysC) there's an explanation for everything in the worldD) we have to be sensible in order to understand the world25. People have been made to believe since infancy that ________.A) everybody is at their commandB) life and death is an unsolved mysteryC) every story should have a happy endingD) their wishes are the cause of everything that happensPassage TwoQuestions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage. Frustrated with delays in Sacramento, Bay Area officials said Thursday they planned to take matters into their own hands to regulate the region's growing pile of electronic trash. A San Jose councilwoman and a San Francisco supervisor said they would propose local initiatives aimed at controlling electronic waste if the California law-making body fails to act on two bills stalled in the Assembly~ They are among a growing number of California cities and counties that have expressed the same intention. Environmentalists and local governments are increasingly concerned about the toxic hazard posed by old electronic devices and the cost of safely recycling those products. An estimated 6 million televisions and computers are stocked in California homes, and an additional 6,000 to 7,000 computers become outdated every day. The machines contain high levels of lead and other hazardous substances, and are already banned from California landfills ( 垃圾填埋场 ). Legislation by Senator Byron Sher would require consumers to pay a recycling fee of up to $30 on every new machine containing a cathode ( 阴极 ) ray tube. Used in almost all video monitors and televisions, those devices contain four to eight pounds of lead each. The fees would go toward setting up recycling programs, providing grants to non-profit agencies that reuse the tubes and rewarding manufacturers that encourage recycling. A separate bill by Los Angeles-area Senator Gloria Romero would require high-tech manufacturers to develop programs to recycle so-called e-waste. If passed, the measures would put California at the forefront of national efforts to manage the refuse of the electronic age. But high-tech groups, including the Silicon Valley Manufacturing Group and the American Electronics Association, oppose the measures, arguing that fees of up to $30 will drive consumers to online, out-of-state retailers. "What really needs to occur is consumer education. Most consumers are unaware they're not supposed to throw computers in the trash," said Roxanne Gould, vice president of government relations for the electronics association. Computer recycling should be a local effort and part of residential waste collection programs, she added. Recycling electronic waste is a dangerous and specialized matter, and environmentalists maintain the state must support recycling efforts and ensure that the job isn't contracted to unscrupulous ( 毫⽆顾忌的 ) junk dealers who send the toxic parts overseas. "The graveyard of the high-tech revolution is ending up in rural China," said Ted Smith, director of the Silicon Valley Toxics Coalition. His group is pushing for an amendment to Sher's bill that would prevent the export of e-waste.26. What step were Bay Area officials going to take regarding e-waste disposal.'?A) Exert pressure on manufacturers of electronic devices.B) Lay down relevant local regulations themselves.C) Lobby the lawmakers of the California Assembly.D) Rally support to pass the stalled bills.27. The two bills stalled in the California Assembly both concern ________.A) regulations on dumping hazardous substances into landfillsB) the sale of used electronic devices to foreign countriesC) the funding of local initiatives to reuse electronic trashD) the reprocessing of the huge amounts of electronic waste in the state28. Consumers are not supposed to throw used computers in the trash because __.A) they contain large amounts of harmful substancesB) this is banned by the California governmentC) some parts may be recycled for use elsewhereD) unscrupulous dealers will retrieve them for profit29. High-tech groups believe that if an extra $30 is charged on every TV or computer purchased in California, consumers will _______.A) abandon online shoppingB) buy them from other statesC) strongly protest against such a chargeD) hesitate to upgrade their computers30. We learn from the passage that much of California's electronic waste has been _A) collected by non-profit agenciesB) dumped into local landfillsC) exported to foreign countriesD) recycled by computer manufacturersPassage ThreeQuestions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage. Throughout the nation's more than 15,000 school districts, widely differing approaches to teaching science and math have emerged. Though there can be strength in diversity, a new international analysis suggests that this variability hasinstead contributed to lackluster (平淡的) achievement scores by U.S. children relative to their peers in other developed countries. Indeed, concludes William H. Schmidt of Michigan State University, who led the new analysis, "no single intellectually coherent vision dominates U.S. educational practice in math or science.'' The reason, he said, "is because the system is deeply and fundamentally flawed." The new analysis, released this week by the National Science Foundation in Arlington, Va., is based on data collected from about 50 nations as part of the Third International Mathematics and Science Study. Not only do approaches to teaching science and math vary among individual U.S. communities, the report finds, but there appears to be little strategic focus within a school district’s curricula, its textbooks, or its teachers' activities. This contrasts sharply with the coordinated national programs of most other countries. On average, U.S. students study more topics within science and math than their international counterparts do. This creates an educational environment that "is a mile wide and an i n c h d e e p , " S c h m i d t n o t e s .。

托福05年01月5月8月真题答案

托福05年01月5月8月真题答案第一篇：托福 05年01月5月8月真题答案2005年1月听力bcdbd cddad bcdda abbdc bdcba aaCdc bcacc bdaba bcbda ccdab语法bcdbc bcacb cbdcb ccabd cbabd adaca bcdcd bcbdc 阅读Dcaac cdaaB bdcac aAdbd cbBca cadda bcdaa cbbdD dbabd cdcBb2005年5月听力ADABA ABABB BCDBC DCBAD CBABC DADCC CBACC ADBBC DCBDA CABBD 语法BADBC ACBCD ACACC DCDBD CDBDC ADBDB DACDB DADBD 阅读ABCBD DDCAD BDCDA ACDAB DCBDB CADDB ACCBC ABDDD ACAAD CCBDC2005年08月听力DCBDA ABBDD BDDCB ACBDB CABAC DDAAC BCCBA ABDDB BCADC BBBAD语法ACDAB DBDAB CDABB ADADC BBCBC DCCBD ACBBD CDDDC阅读ACBAC BADCA BBCDB BDBAC DBADD ACBCC DBBAC DACBC AABCD DDCBB第二篇：2005年10月份托福阅读真题及答案（推荐）Question 11-21: Printmaking is the generic term for a number of processes, of which woodcut and engraving are two prime examples.Prints are made by pressing a sheet of paper(or other material)against an image-bearing surface to which ink has been applied.When the paper is removed, the image adheres toit, but in reverse.The woodcut had been used in China from the fifth century A.D.for applying patterns to textiles.The process was not introduced into Europe until the fourteenth century, first for textile decoration and then for printing on paper.Woodcuts are created by a relief process;first, the artist takes a block of wood, which has been sawed parallel to the grain, covers it with a white ground, and then draws the image in ink.The background is carved away, leaving the design area slightly raised.The woodblock is inked, and the ink adheres to the raised image.It is then transferred to damp paper either by hand or with a printing press.Engraving, which grew out of the goldsmith's art, originated in Germany and northern Italy in the middle of the fifteenth century.It is an intaglio process(from Italian intagliare, “to carve”).The image is incised into a highly polished metal plate, usually copper, with a cutting instrument, or burin.The artist inks the plate and wipes it clean so that some ink remains in the incised grooves.An impression is made on damp paper in a printing press, with sufficient pressure being applied so that the paper picks up the ink.Both woodcut and engraving have distinctive characteristics.Engraving lends itself to subtle modeling and shading through the use of fine lines.Hatching and cross-hatching determine the degree of light and shade in a print.Woodcuts tend to be more linear, with sharper contrasts between light and dark.Printmaking is well suited to the production of multiple images.A set of multiples is called an edition.Both methods can yield several hundred good-quality prints before the original block or plate begins to show signs of wear.Mass production of prints in the sixteenth century made images available, at a lower cost, to a much broader public than before.11.What does the passage mainly discuss? A.The originsof textile decoration B.The characteristics of good-quality printsC.Two types of printmakingD.Types of paper used in printmaking12.The word “prime” in line 2 is closest in meaning toA.principalplexC.generalD.recent 13.The author's purposes in paragraph 2 is to describe A.the woodcuts found in China in the fifth century B.the use of woodcuts in the textile industry C.the process involved in creating a woodcut D.the introduction of woodcuts to Europe 14.The word “incised” in line 15 is closest in meaning to A.burned B.cut C.framed D.baked15.Which of the following terms is defined in the passage/A.“patterns”(line 5)B.“grain”(line 8)C.“burin”(line16)D.“grooves”(line 17)16.The word “distinctive” in line 19 is closest in meaning to A.unique B.accurate C.irregular D.similar 17.According to the passage, all of the following are true about engraving EXCEPT that it A.developed from the art of the goldsmiths B.requires that the paper be cut with a burin C.originated in the fifteenth century D.involves carving into a metal plate 18.The word “yield” in line 23 is closest in meaning to A.imitate B.produce C.revise D.contrast 19.According to the passage, what do woodcut and engraving have in common?A.Their designs are slightly raised.B.They achieve contrast through hatching and cross-hatching.C.They were first used in Europe.D.They allow multiple copies to be produced from one original.20.According to the author, what made it possible for members of the general public to own prints in the sixteenth century? A.Prints could be made at low cost.B.The quality of paper and ink had improved.C.Many people became involved in the printmaking industry.D.Decreased demand for prints kept prices affordable.21.According to the passage, all of the following are true about prints EXCEPT that they A.can be reproduced onmaterials other than paper B.are created from a reversed image C.show variations between light and dark shades D.require a printing pressQuestions 22-31: The first peoples to inhabit what today is the southeastern United States sustained themselves as hunters and gathers.Sometimes early in the first millennium A.D., however, they began to cultivate corn and other crops.Gradually, as they became more skilled at gardening, they settled into permanent villages and developed a rich culture, characterized by the great earthen mounds they erected as monuments to their gods and as tombs for their distinguished dead.Most of these early mound builders were part of the Adena-Hopewell culture, which had its beginnings near the Ohio River and takes its name from sites in Ohio.The culture spread southward into the present-day states of Louisiana, Alabama, Georgia, and Florida.Its peoples became great traders, bartering jewellery, pottery, animal pelts, tools, and other goods along extensive trading networks that stretched up and down eastern North America and as far west as the Rocky Mountains.About A.D.400, the Hopewell culture fell into decay.Over the next centuries, it was supplanted by another culture, the Mississippian, named after the river along which many of its earliest villages were located.This complex civilization dominated the Southeast from about A.D.700 until shortly before the Europeans began arriving in the sixteenth century.At the peak of its strength, about the year 1200, it was the most advanced culture in North America.Like their Hopewell predecessors, the Mississippians became highly skilled at growing food, although on a grander scale.They developed an improved strain of corn, which could survive in wet soil and a relatively cool climate, and also learned to cultivate beans.Indeed, agriculture became soimportant to the Mississippians that it became closely associated with the Sun---the guarantor of good crops.Many tribes called themselves “children of the Sun” and believed their omnipotent priest-chiefs were descendants of the great sun god.Although most Mississippians lived in small villages, many others inhabited large towns.Most of these towns boasted at least one major flat-topped mound on which stood a temple that contained a sacred flame.Only priests and those charged with guarding the flame could enter the temples.The mounds also served as ceremonial and trading sites, and at times they were used as burial grounds.22.What does the passage mainly discuss?A.The development of agricultureB.The locations of towns and villagesC.The early people and cultures of the United StatesD.The construction of burial mounds 23.Which of the following resulted from the rise of agriculture in the southeastern United States? A.The development of trade in North America B.The establishment of permanent settlements C.Conflicts with other Native American groups over land D.A migration of these peoples to the Rocky Mountains.24.What does the term “Adena-Hopewell”(line 7)designate? A.The early locations of the Adena-Hopewell culture B.The two most important nations of the Adena-Hopewell culture C.Two former leaders who were honored with large burial mounds.D.Two important trade routes in eastern North America 25.The word “bartering” in line 9 is closest in meaning to A.producing B.exchanging C.transporting D.loading 26.The word “supplanted” in line 13 is closest in meaning to A.conquered B.preceded C.replaced D.imitated 27.According to the passage, when did the Mississippian culture reach its highest point of development? A.About A.D.400 B.Between A.D.400 AND A.D.700 C.About A.D.1200 D.In thesixteenth century 28.According to the passage, how did the agriculture of the Mississippians differ from that of their Hopewell predecessors? A.The Mississippians produced more durable and larger crops of food.B.The Mississippians sold their food to other groups.C.The Mississippians could only grow plants in warm, dry climates.D.The Mississippians produced special foods for their religious leaders.29.Why does the author mention that many Mississippians tribes called themselves “children of the Sun”(line 22)? A.To explain why they were obedient to their priest-chiefs.B.T o argue about the importance of religion in their culture.C.To illustrate the great importance they placed on agriculture.D.To provide an example of their religious rituals.30.The phrase “charged with” in line 26 is closest in meaning to A.passed on B.experienced at C.interested in D.assigned to 31.According to the passage, the flat-topped mounds in Mississippian towns were used for all of the following purposes EXCEPT A.religious ceremonies B.meeting places for the entire community C.sites for commerce D.burial sites Question 32-40: Overland transport in the United States was still extremely primitive in 1790.Roads were few and short, usually extending from inland communities to the nearest river town or seaport.Nearly all interstate commerce was carried out by sailing ships that served the bays and harbors of the seaboard.Yet, in 1790 the nation was on the threshold of a new era of road development.Unable to finance road construction, states turned for help to private companies, organized by merchants and land speculators who had a personal interest in improved communications with the interior.The pioneer in this move was the state of Pennsylvania, which chartered a company in 1792 to construct a turnpike, a road for the use of which a toll, or payment,is collected, from Philadelphia to Lancaster.The legislature gave the company the authority to erect tollgates at points along the road where payment would be collected, though it carefully regulated the rates.(The states had unquestioned authority to regulate private business in this period.)The company built a gravel road within two years, and the success of the Lancaster Pike encouraged imitation.Northern states generally relied on private companies to build their toll roads, but Virginia constructed a network at public expense.Such was the road building fever that by 1810 New York alone had some 1,500 miles of turnpikes extending from the Atlantic to Lake Erie.Transportation on these early turnpikes consisted of freight carrier wagons and passenger stagecoaches.The most common road freight carrier was the Conestoga wagon, a vehicle developed in the mid-eighteenth century by German immigrants in the area around Lancaster, Pennsylvania.It featured large, broad wheels able to negotiate all but the deepest ruts and holes, and its round bottom prevented the freight from shifting on a hill.Covered with canvas and drawn by four to six horses, the Conestoga wagon rivaled the log cabin as the primary symbol of the frontier.Passengers traveled in a variety of stagecoaches, the most common of which had four benches, each holding three persons.It was only a platform on wheels, with no springs;slender poles held up the top, and leather curtains kept out dust and rain.32.Paragraph 1 discusses early road building in the United States mainly in terms of the A.popularity of turnpikes B.financing of new roads C.development of the interior ws governing road use 33.The word “primitive” in line 1 is closest in meaning to A.unsafe B.unknown C.inexpensive D.undeveloped 34.In 1790 most roads connected towns in the interior of the country withA.other inland communitiesB.towns in other statesC.river towns or seaportsD.construction sites 35.The phrase “on the threshold of” in line 4 and 5 is closest in meaning to A.in need of B.in place of C.at the start of D.with the purpose of 36.According to the passage, why did states want private companies to help with road building? A.The states could not afford to build roads themselves.B.The states were not as well equipped as private companies.C.Private companies could complete roads faster than the states.D.Private companies had greater knowledge of the interior.37.The word “it” in line 11 refers to A.legislature pany C.authority D.payment 38.The word “imitation” in line 14 is closest in meaning to A.investment B.suggestion C.increasing D.copying 39.Virginia is mentioned as an example of a state that A.built roads without tollgates B.built roads with government money pleted 1,500 miles of turnpikes in one year D.introduced new law restricti ng road use 40.The “large, broad wheels” of the Conestoga wagon are mentioned in line 21 as an example of a feature of wagons that was A.unusual in mid-eighteenth century vehicles B.first found in Germany C.effective on roads with uneven surfaces D.responsible for frequent damage to freightQuestion 41-50: In Death Valley, California, one of the hottest, most arid places in North America, there is much salt, and salt can damage rocks impressively.Inhabitants of areas elsewhere, where streets and highways are salted to control ice, are familiar with the resulting rust and deterioration on cars.That attests to the chemically corrosive nature of salt, but it is not the way salt destroys rocks.Salt breaks rocks apart principally by a process called crystal prying and wedging.This happens not by soaking the rocks in salt water, but by moistening their bottoms with saltwater.Such conditions exist in many areas along the eastern edge of central Death Valley.There, salty water rises from the groundwater table by capillary action through tiny spaces in sediment until it reaches the surface.Most stones have capillary passages that suck salt water from the wet ground.Death Valley provides an ultra-dry atmosphere and high daily temperatures, which promote evaporation and the formation of salt crystals along the cracks or other openings within stones.These crystals grow as long as salt water is available.Like tree roots breaking up a sidewalk, the growing crystals exert pressure on the rock and eventually pry the rock apart along planes of weakness, such as banding in metamorphic rocks, bedding in sedimentary rocks, or preexisting or incipient fractions, and along boundaries between individual mineral crystals or grains.Besides crystal growth, the expansion of halite crystals(the same as everyday table salt)by heating and of sulfates and similar salts by hydration can contribute additional stresses.A rock durable enough to have withstood natural conditions for a very long time in other areas could probably be shattered into small pieces by salt weathering within a few generations.The dominant salt in Death Valley is halite, or sodium chloride, but other salts, mostly carbonates and sulfates, also cause prying and wedging, as does ordinary ice.Weathering by a variety of salts, though often subtle, is a worldwide phenomenon.Not restricted to arid regions, intense salt weathering occurs mostly in salt-rich places like the seashore, near the large saline lakes in the Dry Valleys of Antarctica, and in desert sections of Australia, New Zealand, and central Asia.41.What is the passage mainly about? A.The destructive effects of salt on rocks.B.The impressive salt rocks in Death Valley.C.The amount of salt produced in Death Valley.D.Thedamaging effects of salt on roads and highways.42.The word “it” in line 9 refers to A.salty water B.groundwater table C.capillary action D.sediment 43.The word “exert” in line 14 is closest in meaning to A.put B.reduce C.replace D.control 44.In lines 13-17, why does the author compare tree roots with growing salt crystals? A.They both force hard surfaces to crack.B.They both grow as long as water is available.C.They both react quickly to a rise in temperature.D.They both cause salty water to rise from the groundwater table.45.In lines 17-18, the author mentions the “expansion of halite crystals...by heating and of sulfates and similar salts by hydration” in order to A.present an alternative theory about crystal growth B.explain how some rocks are not affected by salt C.simplify the explanation of crystal prying and wedging D.introduce additional means by which crystals destroy rocks 46.The word “durable” in line 19 is closest in meaning to rge B.strong C.flexible D.pressured 47.The word “shattered” in line 20 is closest in meaning to A.arranged B.dissolved C.broken apart D.gathered together 48.The word “dominant” in line 22 is closest in meaning to A.most recent B.most common C.least available D.least damaging 49.According to the passage, which of the following is true about the effects of salts on rocks?A.Only two types of salts cause prying and wedging.B.Salts usually cause damage only in combination with ice.C.A variety of salts in all kinds of environments can cause weathering.D.Salt damage at the seashore is more severe than salt damage in Death Valley, 50.Which of the following can be inferred from the passage about rocks that are found in areas where ice is common?A.They are protected from weathering.B.They do not allow capillary action of water.C.They show similar kinds of damage as rocks in Death Valley.D.They contain more carbonates thansulfates.答案CACBC ABBDA DCBAB CCACD BBDCC AADBC AAAAD BCBCC 第三篇：托福历年词汇真题近义词汇总历年词汇真题Inaccessible 难以接近的：unreachable Extracting 提取，提炼：removing Strength 基础：basis Surging 激增，迅速上升：accelerating Trend 倾向，趋势：tendency Peak 最高点，最高峰：maximum Prior to 在前，局先：preceding Advocates 提倡者，赞成者：proponents Unsubstantiated 无确实根据的，未经证实的：unverified Maintain 维持：preserve Considerable 极其，相当，大量：substantial Enactment 制定，执行：performance Staggering 令人惊愕的：overwhelming Devastated 毁坏：ruined Demonstrate 证明，示威：showed Extend 延伸，扩展：stretch Vast 巨大的，辽阔的：large Sparked 发动，鼓舞：brought about Potential 潜在的，可能的：possible Outstanding 突出的，显著的：excellent Account for 解释，说明：explain Picking up 沿着：following A supremacy至高，霸权：a dominance Supplanted代替：replaced Myriad无数:many Supreme最高的：most outstanding Settle解决，决定：decide Ascending 上升，攀登：climbing Solemn 严肃的：serious Composed创作，作曲：created Scores 乐谱：music composition Comprises 包含，由，构成：consists of Intense 剧烈的：extreme Margins 空白：edges Support 支撑：hold Appreciation 感激，评价，欣赏：recognition Bias 偏见：prejudice Prevailing 流行的：most frequent Accumulated 积聚，堆积：collected Related 有关系得：connected Supported 支撑：upheld Forward-looking 向前看的：progressive 进步的Rudimentary 不发达的，未发展的：undeveloped Sole 唯一的：only Subsidizes 资助：finance Rotates 旋转：alternates Implements 玩具：tools Clues 线索：information Hemispheres 半球：sides Subject to 遭受：susceptible to Puncture 刺穿：pierce Dramatic 戏剧性的，显著的：striking Characterized 不同，区别于其他：distinguished Bizarre 古怪的：odd Casts off 抛弃：gets rid of Homogeneous 一致的，同一的：uniform Largely renounces 基本上拒绝：generally rejects Prevail 流行，支配控制：dominates Subtle 轻微的，精细的：slight Compile 收集，积累：put together Raw 未加工的，为处理的：unprocessed Prospect 前景，可能性：possibility Roughly 大约地：approximately Magnify 增加，扩大：increase Distinction 不同，区别：differences Fused 结合：combined Lure 吸引：attract Placed 放置：deposited Discrete 分泌：separate Overtaxed 负担沉重的：heavily burdened Inadequate 不充足的：deficient Inevitable 不可避免地：unavoidably Lamented 不满，抱怨：complaint about First rank 最高水平：highest quality Faded from 消失于：disappeared from Novel 创新的，新颖的：innovative Stationary 固定的：fixed Vessel 船只：craft Smothering 窒息的：eliminated Coined 组成，创造：created Intervention 干预：influence Emerged 出现：appeared Outlining 概括，总结：summarizing Deliberate 仔细地：careful Demanded 需要：required Imitate 模仿：copy Comparably 相似地：similarly Inclinations 偏好，喜好 : preferences Varied 不同：differed Cumbersome 笨重地：burdensome Confined 局限：limited Framed 构造，制定：posed Supposedly 可能地，推测地：seemingly Sanitation 卫生：health Conflicting 对立的：apposing Give way to 让位于：turns into Speculate 假设：hypothesize Alternative 选择：option Imposing 要求高的，费力的：demanding Penetrate 穿过：go through Extended 增加，延长：increase Preferred 喜欢;favored Barren 贫瘠的：infertile Hard 坚硬的：firm Divergence 不同，区别：difference Durable 耐久地：long-lasting Dwelling 住所：houses Elaborately 精心地：done in a great detail Bounds 限制：limits Chance 偶然的：unplanned Integral 必要的，基本的：an essentialCarry 承担：support Concentrated 集中：clustered Effect 影响：influence Distinct 区别，不同：separate Setting 建立：establishing Ends 目标：goals Drastic 激进的：radical Extracted 提取：removed Instances 例子:cases Entombed 陷入：trapped Marked 明显的:pronounced Ushering 开始，引入：beginning Execute 执行，创造：create Domains 领域：fields Fundamental 基本的：basic Skilled 专业的：expert Presided over 管理控制：managed Celestial 天文学的：astronomical Entities 物体：objects Motifs 母题，图案：designs Rare 罕见的:infrequent Maintaining 维持：preserving T olerate 忍耐：endure Obtain 获得 get Roll back 减少 reduce Stimulating 刺激 encouraging Depressed 降低，使沮丧lowered Stringent 严厉的strict Dictates 决定determines Witnessed 看到observed A break with 分开a departure from Conserve 维持，保留retain Magnified 加强，加剧intensified Forage 觅食 feed Counteracted 否定，抵消 negated In season 应季 a particular time of year Fixture 寻常物品 commonplace object Nevertheless 但是 however Rotates 转动，改变 turns Readily 容易地，欣然地 easily Constituting 组成 making up Pits 洞，坑 holes Disputes 争论 arguments Unrestricted 不受限制的 unlimited Snap 折断break Fed 吃/放入put Exposed to 易受影响的，受支配subjected to Exert 引起，导致cause Diffuses 穿过，扩散travels Rapture 破裂burst Miniscule 微小的tiny Enables 使能够allows Aesthetically 美学的，艺术的artistically Refreshing 非同寻常的，耳目一新的unusual Devote 奉献dedicate Bound 系，绑tied Assembling 聚集 gathering Adorned 装修 decorated Attire 服装clothing Unravel 揭露 discover Mundane平凡的 ordinary Gap 空隙 opening Discards 抛弃 gets rid of Deft 灵巧的 skilled Robust 强壮的 strong Heralded 宣布 announced Position 职位 job Major 主要的principal Symmetrical 比例平衡的，对称的proportionally balanced Obvious 明显的 apparent Dominated 占支配地位的 wereprevalent in Supplements 补充 extensions Crisscross 交叉 move back and forth Skepticism 怀疑主义 doubt Subsidy 资助 financing Conjectural 猜测的based on guessing Employing 采用using Assortment 种类variety Exalted 高级的superior Ingots 银锭/块blocks of silver mixed with copper Came of age 出现了，成名了established itself Trace 痕迹imprints Exposed 暴露uncovered Adversely 逆向/反的 negatively Altered 改变 changed Noxious 有毒的，有害的 harmful Detectable 可以探测的 measurable Acute 敏锐的，剧烈的 intense Exceeded 超越 surpassed Astounding 惊讶的surprising Durable 耐久的lasting Customarily 通常usually Induced 导致 caused Remarkable 异常的 extraordinary Exerted 运用applied Restricted 限制limited Intricate 错综复杂的complex Vary 区别，不同 differ Initially 首先 at first Cohesion 凝聚力 unity Consciously 有意识地，故意地 purposely Unadorned 未装饰的，平凡的plain Consumption 消费，吃eating Constituents 组成部分components Calculated 计算，决定 determined Ceased 停止 stop Prominent 著名的 distinguished Apply to 应用于 used for Coarser 粗糙的rougher Dense 浓密的thick Thanks to 由于because of Eagerly anticipated 渴望，期待 looked forward to Properties 特征，特点 characteristics Ascribed to 归功于，认为 assumed to be true of Revolutionized 巨变，革命 dramatically changed Appeal 吸引attraction Spawned 产生，产卵created Core 核心center Embedded 镶嵌 encased Spotting 识别 identifying Dogma 信仰，教条belief Detect 发现discovered the presence of Shied away from 避免avoided Milestone 里程碑significant development Critical 关键的 essential Jolting 震动 shocking Magnitude 成都/大小 extent Attachment to 倾向于 preference for Protruding 凸出的projecting Shield 保护protect Daring 大胆bold Boosted 鼓舞raised Inhibited 阻碍hindered Counterpart 版本，对应物 version Detectable 明显的，可探测的apparent Sumptuous 奢侈的luxurious Yield 供应provide Adhere 坚持 stick Initiate 启动，开始begin Modifying 改变，限制changing Rapidity 迅速swiftness Efficiency 效率effectiveness Rear 抚养raise Scale 攀登climb Immunity 免疫，保护 protection Conspicuous 明显的 noticeable Bias 偏见 prejudice Exorbitant 丰富的 expensive Undergone 经历experienced Consorted 交往 associated Sufficient 充足 adequate Annihilate 消灭，征服 conquer Aptly 恰当的 appropriately Fashion 制造create Article 物品object Staples 基本产品basic elements Invade 侵入 move into Contemporary 当代的 existing Finely 微小的 minutely Attendant 伴随的 accompanying Exponential leaps 迅速上升rapid increases Virtually 几乎完全，实际上almost completely Pertinent 相关的 relevant Succinct 简明 concise Revise 改变change Monopolized 垄断dominated Factions 部分sides Flattering 赞美complimentary Disseminated 分散spread Accelerated 加速 increased Given way to 替代 been replaced by Reliance 依赖 dependence Picture 想象 imagine Emit 发出 give off Glowing 发光的 shining Influx 流入，到达 arrival Extraordinary 异常的exceptional Era 时代period of time Intriguing 吸引人的attractive Conclusive 总结性的definitive Preoccupation 卷入involvement Primary 基本的fundamental Entire 整个whole Bring about 引起 cause Temping 吸引人的 attractive Reckless 不负责任的irresponsible Concomitant with 同时发生的，与之伴随的in conjunction with Skyrocketing 迅速上升increasing rapidly Extolling 高度赞扬praising Roughly 大约harshly Reaped 获得gained Interchangeable 互换的，等同于 equivalent Classified 分类categorized Incinerated itself 燃烧burn up Securing 获得acquiring Implications 意义 significant Hinterland 腹地，内地贸易区 region Persisted 坚持，持续 continued Undergoing 经历，遭受experiencing Suspend 悬挂，延迟hang Fatal 致命的deadly Secure 安全的 safe Sorted out 分类，挑练 separated Dampened使潮湿 moistened Fine 细微的 tiny Derived 起源，得自 obtained Drastically 激烈的，彻底的severely Coincided with 一致，符合happened at the same time Supplement 补充add to Contemporary 当代的，同时代的 written at the same time Prized 珍视valued Overtaken 超越，胜出surpassed Intervals 间隔periods Freeing 解除 releasing Plunge 投入，跳进 drop Tangled缠结的，紊乱的twisted together Concealed 隐藏covered Avail themselves 利用make use Accordingly 因此for that reason Crucial至关重要的 important Ponderous 笨重的heavy Attained 达到，获得achieved Abundant 丰富的，充裕的plentiful Peculiar 独特的，奇异的strange Meticulously小心翼翼的 carefully Durability 经久，耐久力endurance Incised雕刻的carved Consumed消耗，吃eaten Innovative 创新的new Extract 提取，提炼remove Scorched烧焦burned Consequence 结果result Exceed超越，胜出go beyond Generated 产生cause Norm 标准standard Henceforth 今后from that time on Mandated委托统治的recommended Immutable 不可变的unchangeable Revered 尊敬respected Consist 一致的，协调的constant Intent 目的，意向 goal Administered 管理 managed Periphery 外围 outer edge Inception 起初beginning Fabricating 构成，虚构constructing Resort to 采取using Ingenuity 机灵，灵巧resourcefulness Functional 有功能的，有用的usable Significant 有意义的meaningful Attained 获得reached Flamed 燃烧burned Encompass包围，环绕 include Came to the forefront 来到最前线/变得很重要 became important Hinged on 依赖 depended on Lured 引诱attracted Expendable消费品，可以牺牲的 nonessential Notwithstanding 尽管despite Intricate 错综复杂的complex Random 任意的unpredictable Optimal 最佳的，最理想的best Urged 催促encouraged Carried on 继续 continued Diverse 不同的varied Ensures确保 guarantees Suitable 合适的，适宜的appropriately Scares 稀有rare Resemble 类似look likeCoarse 粗糙的crude Brittle易碎的，脆弱的easily broken Appreciated赏识，意识到recognized Merely 仅仅only Emitting 发出producing Spanning 跨越 cover Pursue 追赶catch Altogether 完全的completely Intensive 集中的，透彻的concentrated Prevailed 流行，盛行dominated Depicted 描述described Foremost 首要的leading Meteoric流星的，迅速的rapid Apace with 快速的，急速的as fast as Wider 宽广的more extensive Thereby 因此，在那方面by that means Unique 唯一的，独特的singular Rotting 腐烂的decaying Key 关键的important Converted 修改 changed Antecedent 先行的的，先辈predecessor Appealing 吸引人的 attractive Local 场所place Boosted推进 raised Scope 范围extent Prolific多产的，丰富的 productive Eager 热心的，渴望的enthusiastic Engaged使用，雇佣hire Subsequent后来的later Sums 总数amounts Identical同样的 exactly alike Graphic生动的，鲜明的 vivid Undoubtedly 毫无疑问的certainly Components 组成部分parts Besides 除此之外in addition to Flourished繁荣，昌盛thrived Grumbled 抱怨，牢骚complained Serve服务，适合function Sole 唯一的only Detecting 发现finding Sedentary久坐的，不活动的 inactive Subjected 受影响的exposed Essence 本质，精华basic nature Diverse 不同的different Noted 注意到 observed Emphasize 强调stress Accessible易接近的，可靠近的available Account for 解释，说明explain Smooth operation 顺利进行effective functioning Cluster 成群 group Alert 警惕 ware Scurrying 急跑，匆忙走rushing Formidable 艰难地，令人敬畏的difficult Intent 目的，意向purpose Regardless of 不管，不顾no matter what Marked 显著地noticeable Confine 限制 restrict Presumably 推测，大概 probably Sustain 支撑，持续 support Insignificant 无关紧要的unimportant Ultimately 最后，最终 eventually Demise 死亡death Convert 转变change Primarily 主要地，根本上chiefly Prevailing 流行的dominant Undergone 经历 experienced Vast 巨。

2005年1月托福考试听力考题

2005年1月托福考试真题SECTION I1 .(A) Listen to a weather report(B) Decide whether to cancel the trip(C) Schedule foe trip for a later date(D) Ask other students for their opinion about the trip2 .(A) She plays tennis better than Jane does.(B) She prefers to study with Jane today.(C) She cannot play tennis with the roan today.(D) She cannot attend math class today.3. (A) He has not yet started his lab assignment(B) He just finished his chemistry experiment.(C) He can give the woman a ride home.(D) He is tired and wants to leave4. (A) She just received information about the art festival(B) She will help the man find information.(C) The man can easily find the information by himself.(D) The man should go to the art library.5 .(A) The book does not belong to her.(B) She prefers not to lend her books to other people.(C) The man will be able to buy the book soon.(D) The man cannot borrow the book light now.6. (A) She did not buy a ticket for the concert.(B) She was not sure which band would be playing.(C) The band was better than she expected.(D) The man did not know the band well.7 .(A) Read the speech to her(B) Give a different speech(C) Finish writing the rest of the speech(D) Stop worrying about the speech8. (A) She and Sally have already finished painting the apartment(B) She and Sally decided not to paint the apartment.(C)She hopes the roan will help paint the apartment.(D) She will invite the man to see the apartment after it is painted.9. (A) She will help the man with the machine soon.(B) She thinks the man should use another machine.(C) The machine takes a few minutes to warm up.(D) Something got caught in the copy machine.10. (A) Robert is taking a different class.(B) He is surprised the woman knows Robert. (C) The woman should be on the committee.(D) The woman should recommend additional people.11. (A) The book had been misplaced on the shelf.(B) He can probably get a copy of the book for the woman.(C) He will call the warehouse to see if the book is available.(D) The woman should check to see if other bookstores have the book.12. (A) She agrees with the man about got ng to the movies(B) She has heard about a good new movie.(C) She is tired of going to movies.(D) She already has plans for tonight13. (A) It was what she had expected.(B) She may need a new floor.(C) She plans to vote for Carl,(D) She was very surprised.14. (A) The space in the office is sufficient.(B) She does not like the desk.(C) Someone else wants the typewriter. .(D) She would like to have the typewriter removed.15. (A) She will go to the party.(B) She has to work tonight(C) She has no plans for this afternoon.(D) She does not know, the man's roommate.16. (A) The woman went to the wrong place,(B) The German class ended early.(C) The professor cancelled the class.(D) The woman forgot to go to class.17. (A) Make some coffee for the woman(B) Stay up late(C) Stay overnight at a friend's house(D) Finish the paper in the morning18. (A) He never shops at the local grocery store.(B) The woman should buy her produce from the farm.(C) The grocery store has higher quality produce.(D) It is cheaper to buy vegetables at the farm.19. (A) Pam wants to get a job in the infirmary.(B) Pam will come home from the infirmary on the weekend.(C) The woman should get off work early to visit Para.(D) The woman could go to theinfirmary on the weekend.20. (A) She needs to take chemistry as a requirement.(B) She was having trouble finding the chemistry room.(C) She did not realize there was a lab class.(D) She has already taken me lab class.21. (A) Apply for a new library card(B) Go get his student ID card(C) Talk to the librarian about his ID card(D) Get the library books from his room22. (A) He is not feeling well today.(B) He will be late for the theater club meeting.(C) He forgot to meet the woman at the theater.(D) He has not made the phone calls yet.23. (A) He did not expect to see so many people at the lecture.(B) The lecture did not start on time.(C) Bad weather kept many people from attending the lecture.(D) Few people knew about the lecture,24. (A) Take both sweaters along(B) Choose the warmer sweater(C) Pick the brighter-colored sweater(D) Wear a heavy coat instead of a sweater25. (A) The manager is too busy to see the man now.(B) The manager will be available before the meeting.(C) The man should come back tomorrow.(D) The man should go to the meeting.26. (A) She cannot use the computer now.(B) The man is not allowed to use the computer.(C) The library does not have the book the man needs.(D) The man probably will not enjoy the book.27. (A) The letters should have had more postage(B) The letters should have been sent by airmail.(C) Airmail rates have gotten too high.(D) The man should have waited to mail the letters.28. (A) She wants one sandwich because she is nearly full,(B) She is ready to leave as soon as the ship gets here.(C) She recently learned her school expenses win be paid next year.(D) She is surprised there is only one scholarship awarded each year.29.(A) Kathy helped the man find a good car.(B) The man needs more time to decide about a car.(C) The man is definitely going to buy Kathy's car.(D) The man was not satisfied with the car he bought from Kathy.30.(A) Study outside(B) Finish studying before going outside(C) Go outside now and enjoy the weather(D) Stay inside until the weather improves31(A) Drive her mother to the theater(B) Take care of her little brother(C) Come to the theater with her(D) Help her prepare for a class presentation32.(A) He was difficult to understand.(B) He made her laugh.(C) He seemed well prepared.(D) He seemed nervous.33.(A) It was a funny incident.(B) He has made the same mistake before.(C) He is worried that it will happen again.(D) The woman should be more honest with him.34.(A) To baby-sit her little brother(B) To study with Joe(C) To see a play(D) To watch a video35.(A) To help students improve their grades(B) To start a new student magazine(C) To provide assistance to student writers(D) To place students in jobs at publishing companies36. (A) They work together at the library,(B) They took a class together.(C) They are on the staff of the campus literary review.(D) They met at a writer's conference.37. (A) He is an experienced writer.(B) He is the editor of the literary review.(C) Professor Mitchell recommended hint(D) She believes he will contribute useful comments.38. (A)Suggestions for additional assistance(B) Written critiques of their work(C) Time in class to work on their project(D) Permission to use ihe meeting room in the library39 (A) The development of printing technology in the early United States(B) The firat newspapers in the British colonies(C) Colonial newspapers published by the British government(D) The role of newspapers in colonial elections40. (A) He wanted 10 be free of government control(B) He could not get a job with the government newspaper.(C) He was dissatisfied with other independent newspapers.(D) He wanted to encourage colonists to learn to read.41. (A) It was printed on a new kind of printing press.(B) It was humorous and critical*(C) It was printed on two sides*(D) It was partially founded by the government.42. (A) They could not participate in the conversations about the news.(B) They were encouraged to go to school,(C) They received information by bearing it read to them.(D) They thought newspapers were unnecessary.43 (A) The history of the Galileo space probe(B) Recent discoveries about one of Jupiter's moons(C) The differences between moons and planets(D) The composition of the Earth's moon44(A) It is larger than the planet Mercury,(B) It is covered with ice.(C) It is orbited by asteroids.(D) It creates its own magnetic field.45(A) A core of molten metal(B) A huge deposit of ice(C) A combination of metal and sail water(D) A thin layer of magnetic rock 46.(A) They prevented Galileo from getting too close to Ganymede.(B) They disrupted Galileo's ability to transmit images of Ganymede.(C) They indicate that Ganymede may have an atmosphere.(D) They arc the cause of Ganymede's unstable surface.47(A) A rare species of algae(B) The treatment of wastewater(C) A threat to the aquatic environment(D) The increasing number of algae in rivers48(A) They are becoming more dangerous to the user.(B) They are encouraging the growth of algae in streams(C) They are being made with fewer chemicals.(D) They are being made to kill bacteria.49.(A) It does not remove all chemicals.(B) It encourages the growth of some bacteria.(C) It is not done on a regular basis.(D) It has been improved by new technologies,50. (A) The role of algae in the food chain(B) The effect of household chemicals on algae(C) The detection of chemicals in wastewater(D) The creation of safer household products。

托福 05年01月5月8月真题答案

2005年1月听力bcdbd cddad bcdda abbdc bdcba aaCdc bcacc bdaba bcbda ccdab语法bcdbc bcacb cbdcb ccabd cbabd adaca bcdcd bcbdc阅读Dcaac cdaaB bdcac aAdbd cbBca cadda bcdaa cbbdD dbabd cdcBb2005年5月听力ADABA ABABB BCDBC DCBAD CBABC DADCC CBACC ADBBC DCBDA CABBD语法BADBC ACBCD ACACC DCDBD CDBDC ADBDB DACDB DADBD阅读ABCBD DDCAD BDCDA ACDAB DCBDB CADDB ACCBC ABDDD ACAAD CCBDC2005年08月听力DCBDA ABBDD BDDCB ACBDB CABAC DDAAC BCCBA ABDDB BCADC BBBAD语法ACDAB DBDAB CDABB ADADC BBCBC DCCBD ACBBD CDDDC阅读ACBAC BADCA BBCDB BDBAC DBADD ACBCC DBBAC DACBC AABCD DDCBBWhen you are old and grey and full of sleep,And nodding by the fire, take down this book,And slowly read, and dream of the soft lookYour eyes had once, and of their shadows deep;How many loved your moments of glad grace,And loved your beauty with love false or true,But one man loved the pilgrim soul in you,And loved the sorrows of your changing face; And bending down beside the glowing bars, Murmur, a little sadly, how love fledAnd paced upon the mountains overheadAnd hid his face amid a crowd of stars.The furthest distance in the worldIs not between life and deathBut when I stand in front of youYet you don't know thatI love you.The furthest distance in the worldIs not when I stand in front of youYet you can't see my loveBut when undoubtedly knowing the love from both Yet cannot be together.The furthest distance in the worldIs not being apart while being in loveBut when I plainly cannot resist the yearningYet pretending you have never been in my heart. The furthest distance in the worldIs not struggling against the tidesBut using one's indifferent heartTo dig an uncrossable riverFor the one who loves you.。

全国2005年1月高等教育自学考试综合英语（二）试题3

Ⅳ. Translate the following sentences into English, and then write your sentences on the Answer Sheet:(15%)1.这项⼯作怎么做并不重要，但要⼲好。

（as long as）2.他把所有的钱都赠送掉了。

（give away）3.我们不应该把⾃然资源在我们这⼀代⽤光，⽽不为后⼈留下任何东西。

（use up）4.这本书挺难，我⼀⼩时只读了10页。

(cover)5.他⾝体好极了，真有福⽓。

（be blessed with）Ⅴ. Read the following passages and complete the statements or answer the questions with the correct choice. Write your right letter on the Answer Sheet:(30%)Passage 1Under normal conditions the act of communication requires the presence of at least two persons: one who sends and one who receives the communication. In order to communicate thoughts and feelings, there must be a conventional system of signs or symbols which mean the same to the sender and the receiver.The means of sending communications are too numerous and varied for systematic classification: therefore, the analysis must begin with the means of receiving communications. Reception of communication is achieved by our senses. Sight, hearing and touch play the most important roles. Smell and taste play very limited roles.Examples of visual communication are gesture and imitation. Although both frequently accompany speech, there are systems that rely solely on sight, such as those used by deaf and dumb persons. Another means of communicating visually is by signals of fire, smoke, flags or flashing lights. Feelings may be simply communicated by touch such as by handshaking, although a highly-developed system of handshaking as disabled blind, deaf, and dumb persons to communicate intelligently. Whistling to someone, clapping hands in a theater, and other forms of communication by sound rely upon the ear as a receiver. The most fully-developed form of auditory communication is, of course, the spoken language.The means of communication mentioned so far have two features in common: they last only a short time, and the persons involved must be relatively close to each other. Therefore, all are restricted in time and space.1.The word “auditory” in the third paragraph means communication by_________.A. smellingB. seeingC. hearingD. touching2.The author explains that he will deal with reception of communication first because_________ .A. communication actually takes place when the message is receivedB. there are more means of receiving than of sending communicationsC. reception of communications involves use of the sensesD. it is difficult to organize by typing the means of sending communication3.Clapping hands is specifically mentioned as an example of_________.A. communication by soundB. gesture and imitationC. communication by touchD. a simple system of visual communication4.The author specifically mentions that speech is_________.A. often used when communicatingB. necessary for satisfactory communication by gestureC. the only highly-developed system of communicationD. the most developed form of communication based on hearing5.Which of the following statements about the way of communicating ideas and feelings mentioned in the passage is false?A. They can be used to communicate over long distances.B. They require both a sender and receiver.C. They involve use of conventional signs and symbols.D. They utilize the senses for reception.。

2005年高考全国卷1英语(含答案)

英语作文常用谚语、俗语1、A liar is not believed when he speaks the truth. 说谎者即使讲真话也没人相信。

2、A little knowledge is a dangerous thing. 一知半解，自欺欺人。

3、All rivers run into sea. 海纳百川。

4、All roads lead to Rome. 条条大路通罗马。

5、All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy. 只会用功不玩耍，聪明孩子也变傻。

6、A bad beginning makes a bad ending. 不善始者不善终。

7、Actions speak louder than words. 事实胜于雄辩。

8、A faithful friend is hard to find. 知音难觅。

9、A friend in need is a friend indeed. 患难见真情。

10、A friend is easier lost than found. 得朋友难，失朋友易。

11、A good beginning is half done. 良好的开端是成功的一半。

12、A good beginning makes a good ending. 善始者善终。

13、A good book is a good friend. 好书如挚友。

14、A good medicine tastes bitter. 良药苦口。

15、A mother's love never changes. 母爱永恒。

16、An apple a day keeps the doctor away. 一天一苹果，不用请医生。

17、A single flower does not make a spring. 一花独放不是春，百花齐放春满园。

18、A year's plan starts with spring. 一年之计在于春。

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更多试卷下载请访问：/2005年01月托福语法全真题及答案2005年01月语法题【改错部分】1-15、选择部分省略16. In the eighteenth century, quilting became a common technique in the American colonies for make of coverlets sewed in floral and geometric designs.答案：C->改为making测试点：介词＋宾语分析：for doing sth 为了作某事，介词for后面不能接动词原型make，需要改成doing。

参考译文：在18世纪的时候，在被子上面绣花变成了一种常见的技术，用来在床罩上面绣花和几何图案。

17. The computer’s complex circuitry is miniaturized inside silicon chips, wafer-thin silicon crystals with circuits electronic etched onto them.答案：C->改为electric circuits测试点：形容词修饰顺序分析：形容词修饰名词通常都放在名次前面，eg；a red apple；anything, something除外。

参考译文：电脑的复杂的回路微缩在硅芯片里面，就是刻蚀了电路的薄薄的硅片。

18. Centrifuges are widely use to separate liquids having different densities or to separate solids from liquids.答案：A->改为used测试点：动词的被动语态分析：be used to do sth 是use的被动用法参考译文：分液漏斗广泛用于吧不同密度的液体分开或者把固体和液体分开。

19. There is ample evidence of that about 700 million years ago, glaciers reached well into what are now tropical regions.答案：B->改为that测试点：定语从句分析：定语从句的连接词that前面多了of，of只能出现在which前面参考译文：有足够的证据表明，在7亿年前，冰山深入到达过现在的热带地区。

20. Mathematics is a tool that can help solve problems and lead to new developments in other fields, such as space flight, medical, and architecture.答案：D->改为medicine测试点：词性分析：such as 后面接并列的形式，flight, architecture都是名次，medical是形容词，错误，改为medicine 参考译文：数学是用来帮助解决问题的工具，在其他领域可以带来新发展，比如飞行，医药和建筑。

21. The meter of the English poetry is determined by accented syllables rather by the quantities of vowels.答案：C->改为rather than by测试点：固定搭配分析：并列结构by sth rather than by sth，后面的by可以省参考译文：英语诗歌的节拍是由重读的音节决定的而不是由元音的数量决定的。

22. In the nineteenth-century United States, it was assumed that growth, change, and progressive derived mainly from individual effort and competition.答案：B->改为progress测试点：词性分析：groth, change and______三个名次才能并列，progressive是形容词，词性不对参考译文：在19世纪的美国，成长，改变和发展被认为是主要来源于个人的努力和竞争。

23. Swelling of the mucous membranes, cause by irritants, allergies, or infections, may block the nasal passages, making breathing difficult.答案：A->改为caused测试点：过去分词修饰分析：句子的主谓分别是swell may block，中间的部分cause没有和may block用连词连接，说明是修饰成分，再看到by说明是被动，所以修改为caused by；making 是现在分词结构修饰动词谓语，没有错误。

参考译文：由刺激、过敏、或者感染带来的粘膜的肿大，可能阻塞鼻子内部的通道，带来呼吸困难。

24. The spearmint plant, which grows to about three feet height, has stalkless leaves and lax, tapering spikes of flowers that are usually pink or lilac.答案：B->改为high或者in height测试点：固定用法分析：a feet long, two feet wide等都是这样的用法参考译文：剑薄荷，一般长到3英尺高，有没有梗的叶子和松散的逐渐尖细的钉子行状的花，常常是粉红色或者淡紫色。

25. Germ theory defined precisely how diseases affect tissues and described their passage from one living creature to other.答案：D->改为another测试点：单复数分析：from one to another，another可以单独使用；other单独使用必须加s或者加名词other people, the others；their指代diseases，没有错误，单数passage是抽象含义，传播，不是具体的“通道”的意思。

参考译文：病菌理论精确的定义了疾病如何影响组织，描述了疾病如何从一个生命体转移到另一个生命体。

26. The rings of the planet Uranus consists primary of boulder-sized chunks of dark matter, averaging about one meter in diameter.答案：A->改为consist测试点：谓语动词的数分析：主语the rings是复数，谓语动词consist应该用复数。

参考译文：天王星的环的主要组成是形体巨大的黑色物质，直径平均在一米左右。

27. George Inness’ rending of distance and atmosphere raised his art above the ordinarily realism of nineteenth-century American landscape painting.答案：D->改为ordinary测试点：形容词、副词修饰区别分析：realism是名次，需要形容词来修饰；副词修饰动词或者形容词。

参考译文：George Inness对距离空间的处理使得他的艺术成就高于19世纪美国疆域绘画的一般的显示主义。

28. Not much is it known about the details of the development and the acquisition of primate communication, especially in the wild.答案：A->改为is测试点：主谓结构分析：全句出现两个主语much和it，肯定有一个多余，删除it就可以了。

参考译文：灵长类动物，特别是在野外的，如何发展如何得到交流的过程不怎么为人所知。

29. Although Alaska is the state in the United States with the largest area, Texas is the one that is divide(divided) into the largest number of countries.答案：divide->改为divided测试点：被动语态分析：【注：拿到的题目是没有划线的】Although….area是状语从句，没有发现错误；主句主谓结构是Texax is the one that is …..that is是定语从句，is和divide两个动词并列出现，必然有一个错误，把divide 改成被动语态，就没有问题了。

参考译文：虽然阿拉斯加是美国最大的州，德克萨斯被分出最多的郡县数量。

【注：怀疑countries是counties 的误写，否则意思不通】30. Much of the early European colonist in North America remarked on the profusion of birds, animals, and fish.答案：A->改为Many测试点：词义分析：【题目有问题，colnist应该加上s】colonist是殖民者，不能用much来指代，much只能指代不可数名次。

参考译文：很多在北美的早期的欧洲殖民者记录了鸟类，动物和鱼类的丰富多样。

31. The dancer and choreographer Twyla Tharp grew up in Los Angeles, California, and hers childhood included comprehensive training in music and dance.答案：B->改为her测试点：物主代词性质误用分析：hers是名次性物主代词，不能接childhood，形容词性物主代词her才能接名词。

参考译文：舞蹈家编舞家Twyla Tharp在加州洛山基长大，她的童年就包含了很多复杂的音乐和舞蹈培训。

32. Telecommunication systems involve the transmission of sound, pictures, words, and other types of information by electronic means, include radio signals and satellite relays.答案：D->改为including测试点：词性分析：include是动词原形，没有连词导致句子有两个谓语involve，include，所以肯定错误，改成介词including就没问题了。