计算机英语复习资料
计算机专业英语复习资料
Central Processing Unit 中央处理器Memory 内存Random-Access Memory 随机存储器Read-Only Memory 只读存储器Monitor 监视器keyboard 键盘Mouse 鼠标Hard disk 硬盘Operating system 操作系统Memory management 内存管理Device management 设备管理Storage management 存储管理Application Interface 应用程序接口Processor management 处理器User Interface 用户界面Data structure 数据结构Tree 树Nodes 节点Root nodes 根节点Leaf nodes 叶节点Identifiers 标识符Name Space 名空间Global Variables 全局变量Database 数据库Relational Database 关系数据库Stuctured Query Language 结构化查询语言Database Management system 数据库管理系统Distributed Database 分布式数据库Software Engineering 软件工程Requirement Analysis 需求分析Software Design 软件设计C was developed in the early 1970s, and it has grown into a very popular language now. C might be described as a "medium level language",Like a true high level language,there is a one-to-many relationship between a C statement and the machine language instruction it is compiled into. Thus a language like C gives you far more programing leverage than a low level assembly language.However, compared to most high level languange ,C has a very small set of constructs. In addition unlike most high level language ,C let you easily do chorse (such as bit and pointer manipulation) additionally performed by assembly languages, Therefore ,C is an especially good tool to use for developing operating system( such as the UNIX operating system),or other system software.翻译：C语言的开发始于20世纪70年代初期，现在已经成为非常流行的语言，C语言也许最适合被描述成为“中级语言”，。
计算机英语复习资料
计算机英语复习资料注：期末考试是从这两份试卷资料中出，答案分别附后，注意区分！考试好运一.Vocabulary & Structure (20marks)Directions: There are 20 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are three choices marked A), B), C). Choose the One that best completes the sentence.1.Our company is _______ a new product in spring.A launchingB bringingC giving2.It _______ several years to develop one of our products.A lastsB needsC takes3. We will have to _______ sales of this new product for several months.A monitorB lookC see4.The ________ on our Shanghai offices has risen sharply over the last two years.A rentB hireC tax5.We”ll need to get an import ________ before we’re allowed to sell there.A acceptanceB visaC licence6.The bank is closing a lot of it’s high street _______ and going onto the Internet.A shopsB branchesC offices7.It’s too big. It won’t _______ into the container.A packageB installC fit8. Make sure you get the c ustomer’s address and _______.A zipcodeB postageC direction9. Their interest _______ on loans are very low at the moment.A ratesB termsC policies10. She seemed very ________ in the interview-----very sure of herself.A anxiousB carelessC confident11. I like the _______ but the content of the brochure worries me.A sampleB designC comfort12. Make sure we get three _______ to compare prices before we buy one.A quotationsB ordersC purchases13. I’m sorry but they’re out of _______. We should have some nest week.A dateB stockC order14. If you want to order some paper, you’ll have to _______ an order form.A fill up Bfill in C try out15. There were about 150 _______ at this year’s conference.A delegatesB invitationsC hosts16. We haven’t been doing very well in ______ months.A currentB lastC recent17. I have to report to the Head of the ______ Department.A PersonalB EmployeeC Personnel18. Our annual _______ depends on the company’s performance t hat year.A wageB salaryC bonus19. We’ve increased our market share faster than our ______, which is good news.A retailer’sB partnersC rivals20. We’re very _______ for your assistance in this matter.A satisfiedB delightedC grateful二.Multiple-choice (10 Marks)Directions: Look at questions31-40. In each question, which phrase or sentence is correct?For each question, mark the correct letter A, B or C.21. Sally phoned. She said your e-mail was deleted by accident. Could you send it again?The e-mail messageA did not arriveB was sent to the wrong addressC was destroyed22. Ms Han called. Our order’s been delayed due to problems with supplier.The order hasA arrived lateB not arrived yetC been cancelled23. UPS called to say they’ll collect the parcel at 3 o’clock this afternoon.The delivery serviceA will pick the parcel up todayB intends to deliver the parcel at 3 pmC came for the parcel at 3 pm24. Sales were good but distribution problems led to a slightdrop in profits.The company had problems withA producing enough goodsB delivering enough goodsC selling enough goods25. Congratulations to Vanessa Clark on her promotion to Brand Manager.Vanessa Clark works inA productionB marketingC finance26. While we are developing the product, we will write regular reports to ensure that you are informedof its progress.A We’re going to write reports before we develop the product.B We’re going to write reports at the same time as we develop the product.C We’re going to write reports after we develop the product.27. We are carrying out market research in the north and the Midlands from 22Nd-26th.A We have done the research in the north and the Midlands.B We haven’t done the research in the north and the Midlands.C We have decided not to do research in the north and the Midlands28.Punctuality improves on the bus services.A The quality of service is improving on buses.B More buses are now running on time.C Buses are becoming cheaper to use.29. Payment to be made by cash on delivery.The invoice has to be paidA after the shipment arrivesB before the shipment arrivesC when the shipment arrives30. Guaranteed delivery within 48 hoursThe parcel will arriveA in less than two days from nowB in exactly two days’ timeC in at least two days’ time三.Reading Comprehension (40marks)Directions：There are two passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are three choices marked A, B, C.You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on theAnswer Sheet with a single line through the center.Passage 1Changes occurring in manners and customs must be carefully monitored, especially in cases that seem to indicate a narrowing of cultural differences among peoples. Phenomena such as Mc Dona ld’s and Coke Cola have met with success around the world, but this does not mean that the world is becoming westernized. Modernization and westernization are not at all the same, as can be seen in Saudi Arabia, for example.Understanding manners and customs is especially important in negotiations, because interpretations based on one’s own frame reference may lead to a totally incorrect conclusion. Universal respect is needed in cross-cultural negotiation. To negotiate effectively abroad, all types of communication shouldbe read correctly. Americans often interpret inaction and silence as negative signs. As a result, Japanese executives tend to expect that their silence can get Americans to lower prices or sweeten a deal. Even a simple agreement may take days to negotiate in the Middle East because the Arab party may want to talk about unrelated issues or do something else for a while. The aggressive style of Russian negotiators and their usual last-minute change requests may cause astonishment and concern on the part of ill-prepared negotiators.31. It is important to focus on the manners and customs in international business because they _______A. are a traditional virtueB. can narrow cultural differencesC. are required by the law32. According to the passage, ____ is necessary in cross-cultural negotiation.A. great patienceB. negotiating costC. universal respect33. American negotiators tend to take the action of as a negative sign.A. whispering for a short whileB. smiling modestlyC. sitting wordlessly34. According to the passage, Russian negotiators tend to beA. aggressiveB. easygoingC. modestPassage 2European unemployment rates are double the U.S. level,placing pressure on European politicians to come up with innovative ways to create jobs. Increasingly European governments are turning to multinational corporations with incentives linked to the number of jobs the company will create by investing in the country. The more jobs a multinational manufacturer promises, the more subsidies(补贴) the government will provide.Britain, the leader in this race with 10 percent of all foreign investment in the European Union, paid $48,600 for each of the 6,00 jobs created in 1996 when LG, a south Korean firm invested in anelectronics complex. Acc ordin g to Britain’s Trade and Industry Ministry, more than 285,000 jobs were created or preserved through foreign investment from 1994 to 1997.When countries such as China and Mexico offer low-cost locations for production, industrialized nations feel compelled to counter with other incentives.Governments use subsidies to induce investment not only from auto firms but, at even greater cost, from high-tech computer and electronics companies. With countries engaged in a bidding war for multinational investment, smaller nations face the prospect of being outspent by bigger competitors. Despite of the high cost of the handouts, no country wants to miss the opportunity to gain job growth and modernized industry, especially when plagued by high unemployment.35. European governments hope to lower unemployment rates by_______.A. placing pressures on Europeans companiesB. getting loans from banksC. creating more jobs36. The more jobs the multinational manufacturers promise, the more______ European governments will provide.A. moneyB. jobsC. profit37. Britain is the leader in _______.A. investing moneyB. spending time to look for partnersC. attracting foreign investment38. Government subsidies have attracted investment ________.A. from car companiesB. more low-tech industriesC. from trade companies39. Every country hopes to gain job growth and modernized industry, especially when plagued by high unemployment. “Plague” here means ________.A. a kind of diseaseB. causing continual troubleC. spreading happinessPassage 3At high-level economic talks that wrap up Wednesday, China is urging U.S. officials to be patient as the two powers work to manage a delicate trade relationship. The United States, by contrast, is pushing for quick action. The talks began Tuesday and yield some results, including increased U.S. airline flights to China and a lowering of barriers to sales of American energy technology products in China.Senior U.S. officials have tamped down expectations of major breakthroughs, however, as they described the meetings as strategic discussions, not negotiating sessions. U.S. CommerceSecretary Carlos Gutierrez said the twice-a-year talks are "all about the long-term; developing a common understanding of the future."Still, the U.S. side made a point of noting simmering frustration. Treasury Secretary Henry Paulson said Americans are by nature impatient people; Gutierrez described the "need to make progress in all areas as soon as possible."The urgency is reflected in an increasingly restive U.S. Congress(国会), where lawmakers are considering a spate of bills that would impose economic sanctions(制裁) on China. Many blame America's soaring trade deficits (逆差)and the loss of one in six manufacturing jobs since 2000 in part on claims of Chinese currency manipulation and copyright piracy.In blunt words, Chinese Vice Premier Wu Yi cautioned the United States against making accusations. "We should not easily blame the other side for our own domestic problems," Wu said through an interpreter. "Confrontation(对质) does no good at all to problem-solving."Wu, known as a tough negotiator, said that both countries should "firmly oppose trade protectionism." She warned that any effort to "politicize" the economic relationship between the two nations would be "absolutely unacceptable."40. The United States are in the Sino-us high-level economic talks.A. full of patienceB. eager to get quick actionsC. showing no interest41. The Wednesday talk yield some results except .A. cooperation in oil field exploringB. increased U.S. airline flights to ChinaC. a lowering of barriers to energy technology products42. The fact that reflects the urgency of the economic talk.A. U.S. Congress is considering economic sanctions on ChinaB. Wu Yi, the vice premier, is visiting U.S.A.C. many senior officials is discussing in the talk43. China is blamed for the following events in America except .A. America's soaring trade deficitsB. loss of one in six manufacturing jobsC. appreciation of dollars44. The underlined “In blunt words” meansA. demand happilyB. declare firmlyC. claim sadlyPassage 4Marks & Spencer said annual profits rose 28.5 percent to their highest level in nearly a decade thanks to higher sales in fashion and food, as it unveiled plans to create 10,000 jobs over three years.Britain's largest clothes retailer said on Tuesday that adjusted profits before tax met analyst forecasts, rising to ￡965.2 million ($1.9 billion), a touch under the record 1 billion pounds M&S achieved in 1998.However, concerns about the outlook for retailers and how M&S will continue to expand its sales drove its shares 2.3 percent lower in early trade, having more than doubled in value since Chief Executive Stuart Rose took over three years ago.Rose said in a statement the retail environment would become "more challenging" with rising inflation, while adding M&S had a "satisfactory start" to the financial year beginning inApril."It's a good set of numbers, but we believe that M&S will have to run hard to show strong growth in future years," Panmure Gordon & Co analyst Philip Dorgan said in a note.Rose, who has led one of the most celebrated turnarounds in British retail, said total sales from its 520 stores rose 10 percent to ￡8.6 billion, its highest-ever level."The next five years should see a significant contribution from new space, the scaling up of our Direct business and the strengthening of our international presence," Rose said in a statement.M&S's total clothing market share rose 70 basis points to 11.1 percent with strong growth in lingerie while children wear made its first market share improvement in six years.It market share in food -- where Rose sees room to ramp up future growth -- rose 20 basis points to 4.3 percent thanks to strong sales of "celebration and indulgence" foods.Investors are now focusing attention on how Rose plans to convert M&S's recovery to growth in the face of competitive from supermarket groups like Tesco and younger retailers Primark and New Look.M&S was on track to expand its space by 15-20 percent in the next five years with new out-of-town super-centers and 100 more Simply Food stores planned for this year, Rose said. That growth would create some 10,000 jobs in the next three years.45.Marks & Spencer enjoyed a great sales increase recently in/doc/f416558486.html,puter hardwareB.garments and foodC.agriculture products46. According to the text, the retail environment would become more challenging becauseA.the inflation is risingB.the cost is decreasingC.there is no inflation47. The ever highest-level of total sales reachesA. ￡965.2 millionB. ￡1 billionC. ￡8.6 billion48. Marks & Spencer enjoyed a rising in clothing market share due to the following facts exceptA. the great demand for silk T-shirtsB. the strong growth in lingerieC. the first market share rising of children wear49. Marks & Spencer total fashion market share rose toA.28.5 percentB. 4.3 percentC.11.1 percent50. is not considered to be one of the competitors of Marks & Spencer.A.TescoB.PrimarkC.Baker五、Gap-filling (10 Marks)Directions：Use the following words and phrases to complete the dialogue below.reservation breakfast parking balcony billcheck out fortnight mini-bar plug in non-smokingHotel Hello. The Park Plaza.Caller Hello, I’d lik e to make a _____51______, please.Hotel Certainly, sir. For how many nights?Caller A ______52________, please. Starting from Saturday 12 May.Hotel So, that’s 14 nights from 12 May. Would you like a __________53______ room?Caller Yes, please. And a room with a ____54___________, if possible. The views over the river should be great at this time of year.Hotel They are. Would you like _______55________ included?Caller No, it’s OK. I’ll get something in a caf. Oh, do you have ________56_____ facilities at the hotel?Hotel We do, sir. Behind the hotel. I can reserve you a space you if like.Caller That’d be great. Thanks.Hotel Anything else?Caller Yes, do your rooms have telephone sockets? I need to _____57_______ my computer so I can send reports to the office while I’m there.Hotel That’s no problem. All our rooms have communication sockets, satellite television, a _______58______ and air—conditioning.Caller Oh good. One last thing. Could you send the ____59_______ directly to my company, rather than me paying it myself first?Hotel Sure. Just leave a business card with reception when ___60_______. Could I have the name you want on the invoice, please?Caller My name’s Patrick Stone but the company’s called FX Communications?Hotel So that’s 14 nights fr om 2 May under the name FXCommunications?Caller That’s right.Hotel OK, Mr. Stone. We’ll see you on the 12th. Thank you for calling. Goodbye.Caller Thanks. Bye.六、Writing (20 marks)You are the training manager of a company which has won a large export order. You have been asked to organize foreign language training for some of your staff.Write an e-mail of 70-80 words to staff:explaining why the courses are necessarysaying which members of staff should attendannouncing when the courses will startWrite on your Answer Sheet.答案一.Vocabulary & Structure (20marks)1-5 ACAAC 6-10 BCAAC 11-15 BABBA 16-20 CCCCC四.Multiple-choice (10 Marks)21-25 CBABB 26-30 BBBCA三．Reading Comprehension (40％)31-35. B C C A C 36-40. A CABB41-45. AACBB 46-50. ACACCC四．Gap-filling (10 Marks)51-55 reservation fortnight non-smoking balcony breakfast 56-60 parking plug in mini-bar bill check out一．Reading Comprehension (40％)Directions：There are two passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are three choices marked A, B, C.You should decide on the best choice and mark thecorresponding letter on theAnswer Sheet with a single line through the center.Passage 1Changes occurring in manners and customs must be carefully monitored, especially in cases that seem to indicate a narrowing of cultural differences among peoples. Phenomena such as Mc Donald’s and Coke Cola have met with success around the world, but this does not mean that the world is becoming westernized. Modernization and westernization are not at all the same, as can be seen in Saudi Arabia, for example.Understanding manners and customs is especially important in negotiations, because interpretations based on one’s own frame reference may lead to a totally incorrect conclusion. Universal respect is needed in cross-cultural negotiation. To negotiate effectively abroad, all types of communication should be read correctly. Americans often interpret inaction and silence as negative signs. As a result, Japanese executives tend to expect that their silence can get Americans to lower prices or sweeten a deal. Even a simple agreement may take days to negotiate in the Middle East because the Arab party may want to talk about unrelated issues or do something else for a while. The aggressive style of Russian negotiators and their usual last-minute change requests may cause astonishment and concern on the part of ill-prepared negotiators.1. It is important to focus on the manners and customs in international business because they _______A. are a traditional virtueB. can narrow cultural differencesC. are required by the law2. According to the passage, ____ is necessary in cross-cultural negotiation.A. great patienceB. negotiating costC. universal respect3. American negotiators tend to take the action of as a negative sign.A. whispering for a short whileB. smiling modestlyC. sitting wordlessly4. According to the passage, Russian negotiators tend to beA. aggressiveB. easygoingC. modestPassage 2European unemployment rates are double the U.S. level, placing pressure on European politicians to come up with innovative ways to create jobs. Increasingly European governments are turning to multinational corporations with incentives linked to the number of jobs the company will create by investing in the country. The more jobs a multinational manufacturer promises, the more subsidies(补贴) the government will provide.Britain, the leader in this race with 10 percent of all foreign investment in the European Union, paid $48,600 for each of the 6,00 jobs created in 1996 when LG, a south Korean firm invested in an electronics complex. Acc ording to Britain’s Trade and Industry Ministry, more than 285,000 jobs were created or preserved through foreign investment from 1994 to 1997.When countries such as China and Mexico offer low-cost locations for production, industrialized nations feel compelled tocounter with other incentives.Governments use subsidies to induce investment not only from auto firms but, at even greater cost, from high-tech computer and electronics companies. With countries engaged in a bidding war for multinational investment, smaller nations face the prospect of being outspent by bigger competitors. Despite of the high cost of the handouts, no country wants to miss the opportunity to gain job growth and modernized industry, especially when plagued by high unemployment.5. European governments hope to lower unemployment rates by_______.A. placing pressures on Europeans companiesB. getting loans from banksC. creating more jobs6. The more jobs the multinational manufacturers promise, the more______ European governments will provide.A. moneyB. jobsC. profit7. Britain is the leader in _______.A. investing moneyB. spending time to look for partnersC. attracting foreign investment8. Government subsidies have attracted investment ________.A. from car companiesB. more low-tech industriesC. from trade companies9. Every country hopes to gain job growth and modernized industry, especially when plagued by high unemployment. “Plague” here means ________.A. a kind of diseaseB. causing continual troubleC. spreading happinessPassage 3At high-level economic talks that wrap up Wednesday, China is urging U.S. officials to be patient as the two powers work to manage a delicate trade relationship. The United States, by contrast, is pushing for quick action. The talks began Tuesday and yield some results, including increased U.S. airline flights to China and a lowering of barriers to sales of American energy technology products in China.Senior U.S. officials have tamped down expectations of major breakthroughs, however, as they described the meetings as strategic discussions, not negotiating sessions. U.S. Commerce Secretary Carlos Gutierrez said the twice-a-year talks are "all about the long-term; developing a common understanding of the future."Still, the U.S. side made a point of noting simmering frustration. Treasury Secretary Henry Paulson said Americans are by nature impatient people; Gutierrez described the "need to make progress in all areas as soon as possible."The urgency is reflected in an increasingly restive U.S. Congress(国会), where lawmakers are considering a spate of bills that would impose economic sanctions(制裁) on China. Many blame America's soaring trade deficits (逆差)and the loss of one in six manufacturing jobs since 2000 in part on claims of Chinese currency manipulation and copyright piracy.In blunt words, Chinese Vice Premier Wu Yi cautioned the United States against making accusations. "We should not easily blame the other side for our own domestic problems," Wu saidthrough an interpreter. "Confrontation(对质) does no good at all to problem-solving."Wu, known as a tough negotiator, said that both countries should "firmly oppose trade protectionism." She warned that any effort to "politicize" the economic relationship between the two nations would be "absolutely unacceptable."10. The United States are in the Sino-us high-level economic talks.A. full of patienceB. eager to get quick actionsC. showing no interest11. The Wednesday talk yield some results except .A. cooperation in oil field exploringB. increased U.S. airline flights to ChinaC. a lowering of barriers to energy technology products12. The fact that reflects the urgency of the economic talk.A. U.S. Congress is considering economic sanctions on ChinaB. Wu Yi, the vice premier, is visiting U.S.A.C. many senior officials is discussing in the talk13. China is blamed for the following events in America except .A. America's soaring trade deficitsB. loss of one in six manufacturing jobsC. appreciation of dollars14. The underlined “In blunt words” meansA. demand happilyB. declare firmlyC. claim sadlyPassage 4Marks & Spencer said annual profits rose 28.5 percent totheir highest level in nearly a decade thanks to higher sales in fashion and food, as it unveiled plans to create 10,000 jobs over three years.Britain's largest clothes retailer said on Tuesday that adjusted profits before tax met analyst forecasts, rising to ￡965.2 million ($1.9 billion), a touch under the record 1 billion pounds M&S achieved in 1998.However, concerns about the outlook for retailers and how M&S will continue to expand its sales drove its shares 2.3 percent lower in early trade, having more than doubled in value since Chief Executive Stuart Rose took over three years ago.Rose said in a statement the retail environment would become "more challenging" with rising inflation, while adding M&S had a "satisfactory start" to the financial year beginning in April."It's a good set of numbers, but we believe that M&S will have to run hard to show strong growth in future years," Panmure Gordon & Co analyst Philip Dorgan said in a note.Rose, who has led one of the most celebrated turnarounds in British retail, said total sales from its 520 stores rose 10 percent to ￡8.6 billion, its highest-ever level."The next five years should see a significant contribution from new space, the scaling up of our Direct business and the strengthening of our international presence," Rose said in a statement.M&S's total clothing market share rose 70 basis points to 11.1 percent with strong growth in lingerie while children wear made its first market share improvement in six years.It market share in food -- where Rose sees room to ramp up future growth -- rose 20 basis points to 4.3 percent thanks tostrong sales of "celebration and indulgence" foods.Investors are now focusing attention on how Rose plans to convert M&S's recovery to growth in the face of competitive from supermarket groups like Tesco and younger retailers Primark and New Look.M&S was on track to expand its space by 15-20 percent in the next five years with new out-of-town super-centers and 100 more Simply Food stores planned for this year, Rose said. That growth would create some 10,000 jobs in the next three years.15.Marks & Spencer enjoyed a great sales increase recently in/doc/f416558486.html,puter hardwareE.garments and foodF.agriculture products16. According to the text, the retail environment would become more challenging becauseD.the inflation is risingE.the cost is decreasingF.there is no inflation17. The ever highest-level of total sales reachesA. ￡965.2 millionB. ￡1 billionC. ￡8.6 billion18. Marks & Spencer enjoyed a rising in clothing market share due to the following facts exceptA. the great demand for silk T-shirtsB. the strong growth in lingerieC. the first market share rising of children wear19. Marks & Spencer total fashion market share rose toD.28.5 percent。
计算机专业英语复习资料
计算机专业英语复习资料计算机专业英语复习资料1、that the processor is the “intelligence” of a computer system;(p1) 处理器是计算机智能系统2、In 1965,when he first set out what we now call Moore’s Law,Gordon Moore said the number of components that could be packed onto an integrated circuit would double every year or so(later amended to18 months). (P17)在1965年，⼽登穆尔说，可以将很多的零部件装载在⼀个集成电路元件中，这样的话就可以每年都翻倍，这也就是他第⼀次提出摩尔定律（后来修订为18个⽉）3-43、This multicore processor plugs directly into a single socket on the motherboard. (P18)这种多内核处理器直接插⼊主板上的⼀个单⼀的插座。
4、Multicore processors are especially well suited to tasks that have operations that can be divided up into separate thread and run in parallel. (P18)多核处理器特别适合那些可以分成单线程和并⾏运⾏的任务操作。
5、640*480 means that the screen consists of 640 columns by 480 rows of pixels. (P36)640×480表⽰屏幕由640列480⾏的像素组成。
6-76、However, they also are bulky, fragile, and consume a great deal of power. (p37)然⽽，他们也都是笨重的，脆弱的，并且消耗⼤量的电⼒。
计算机英语复习重点
Hardware硬件、software软件、general-purpose machine通用计算机、special-purpose machine专用计算机、instruction指令、input\output输入输出、central processing unit(CPU)中央处理器、bus总线、personal computer个人计算机、operating system操作系统、Digital Video Disk(DVD)数字视盘、Compact Disk Read-Only Memory(CD-ROM)光盘只读存储器、audio声频、peripheral外围设备、operation操作码指令、operand操作数、register寄存器、control unit控制部件、arithmetic and logic unit(ALU)算术逻辑单元、word size字长、cache高速缓冲存储器、chip芯片、Random Access Memory（RAM)随机存储器、Read Only Memory （ROM)只读存储器、floppy disk软磁盘、volatile易失性、job management作业管理、job queue作业队列、batch system批处理系统、time-shared operating分时操作系统、multiprogramming多道程序设计、Dynamic Link Library（DLL)动态链接库、Encrypting File System(EFS)加密文件系统、stack堆栈、desktop桌面、definition分辨率、menu slide菜单滑块、taskbar任务栏、virus病毒、animation 动画、folder文件夹、favorite收藏夹、terminal终端、kernel内核、system call 系统调用、interpreter解释程序、shell命令解释程序、application suite应用程序集、word processor字处理程序、configuration配置、peripheral device外围设备、USB(Universal Serial Bus）通用串行总线、toolbar工具条、control panel控制面板、standby mode待机模式、GUI(Graphical User Interface）图形用户界面、icon 图标、dialog box对话框、removable hard disk可移动硬盘、zip disk大容量磁盘、network architecture网络体系结构、Open System Interconnection/Reference Model （OSI/RM)开放系统互连参考模型、client-server客户服务器、peer-to-peer对等、switch交换机、star topology星型拓扑、Ethernet以太网、UTP(Unshielded Twisted Pair）非屏蔽双绞线、coaxial cable同轴电缆、NIC(Network Interface Card）网络接口卡、WLAN(Wireless Local Area Network）无限局域网、route路由、ARPAnet 阿帕网、WWW（world wide web）万维网、browser浏览器、search engine搜索引擎、search criteria搜索条件、electronic mail电子邮件、SMTP(Simple Mail Transfer Protocol）简单邮件传送协议、POP(Post Office Protocol）邮局协议、FTP(File Transfer Protocol）文件传送协议、Telnet(Telecommunication network)远程通信网、TCP/IP(Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol）传输控制协议/互联网协议、HTTP（hypertext transfer protocol）超文本传送协议、URL（uniform resource locator）统一资源定位地址、video chip视频剪辑、tree topology树形拓扑、ADSL(Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line）非对称数字用户线、hyperlink超级链接、package程序包、shareware共享软件、HTML(Hyper Text Markup Language）超文本标记语音、transaction实物、assembler汇编程序、selection structure选择结构、loop structure循环结构、form表单、Intranet因特内部网、OOP（Object-Oriented Programming)面向对象程序设计、release软件发布、life cycle生命周期、requirement analysis需求分析、feasibility可行性、flowchart流程图、algorithm算法、data structure数据结构、debugging调试、database record 数据库记录、database management system（DBMS)数据库管理系统、relational database关系数据库、field字段、script脚本、dynamic/static web page动态/静态web网页、API(Application Program Interface）应用程序接口、spreadsheet电子表格、presentation演示、Portable Document Format（PDF)可移植的文档格式、temple 模版、computer graphics（CG)计算机图形学、render渲染、three-dimensional computer graphics三维计算机图形、image图像、image processing图像处理、brightness亮度、contrast对比度、pixel像素、extension扩展名、CAD(computer-aided design）计算机辅助设计。
计算机专业英语复习资料
阅读理解一、Fill in the blanks with suitable words or expressions from the list given below, and change the form where necessary. （从下面方框中选择合适的词或表达，以其适当的形式填空。
）1．A programming language, designed to facilitate the communication between human and computers, is a _____ notation _____ for describing computation in readable form. There are 3 levels of programming languages, they are____ machine language__ , which can be run directly by computer; __assembly language___ and _high-level language___. There are different high-level programming languages. Fortunately, most of them have many kinds of construct in common and vary only in the way that these must be __written ___ . Therefore, first thing to be decided about a task is to choose which programming language is best suited for the job.2．The central processing unit (CPU) is the heart of the computer systems. It is the most complex computer system component, responsible for directing most of the computer system activities based on the instructions provided. The CPU comprisesthe control unit and the arithmetic / logic unit (ALU) . The control unit is responsible for directing and coordinating most of the computer systems activities. The ALU performs all the arithmetic and logical (comparison) functions — that is, it adds, subtracts, multiplies, divides, and does comparisons.3．Microsoft Word XP is the current Window version of Word, and documents created in Word XP can be easily _ incorporated into Excel, Power Point and Access files. In the interface of Word, the _ title bar __ displays the name of the current application and name of the current document; the __ menu bar lists the names of the menus available; the ___ toolbar gives the user quick access to frequently used editing functions; the __ ruler enables the user to change left and right margin. 4．Software Engineering, which means the application of engineering to software, is a method to develop, operate and __ maintain _ software. That is, the development of software is on a systematic, __ disciplined ____, quantitive basis. Before starting the development of software, you have to systematically approach the problem. You have to understand the __ requirements (what the software is supposed to do), carry out the design, do the __coding ___, carry out a rigorous testing and if the software is as per the requirements, release the software to the customer. Subsequently, if the customer wants二．根据上文的内容判断下列句子的正误（1）．The central processing unit (CPU) is the heart of the computer systems. Among other things, its configuration determines whether a computer is fast or slow in relation to other computers. The CPU is the most complex computer system component, responsible for directing most of the computer system activities based on the instructions provided. As one computer generation has evolved to the next, the physical size of the CPU has often become smaller and smaller, while its speed and capacity have increased tremendously. Indeed, these changes have resulted in microcomputers that are small enough to fit on your desk or your lap.The CPU comprises the control unit and the arithmetic / logic unit (ALU).The control unit is responsible for directing and coordinating most of the computer systems activities. It determines the movement of electronic signals between main memory and the arithmetic/logic unit, as well as the control signals between the CPU and input/output devices.The ALU performs all the arithmetic and logical (comparison) functions — that is, it adds, subtracts, multiplies, divides, and does comparisons. These comparisons, which are basically ―less than‖, ―greater than‖, and ―equal to‖, can be combined into several common expressions, such as ―greater than or equal to‖. The objective of most instructions that use comparisons is to determine which instruction should be executed next.Tell whether the following statements are true(T) or false(F) according to the passage A.（根据上文的内容判断下列句子的正误）1.With the development of computer, the physical size of the CPU has often become bigger and bigger.( F)2.The movement of electronic signals between main memory and the ALU as well as the control signal between the CPU andinput /output devices are controlled by the control unit of the CPU.( T)3.The CPU comprises the control unit and memory. ( F )4.The control unit performs all the arithmetic and logical (comparison) functions。
计算机英语复习资料
计算机英语（1）Desktop PatternIn the graphical user interface of Microsoft Windows 98,a graphical pattern-called wallpaper-displayed on the desktop (the background "beneath" windows, icons, and dialog boxes). The pattern or picture in the screen background that can be chosen by the user. To change the desktop pattern, choose Display from the Control Panel.桌面图案在Microsoft Windows 98的图形用户界面中,一种显示在桌面上称为壁纸(Wallpaper )的图形图案(窗口、图标和对话框后面的背景),屏幕背景可由用户选择图案样式或画面。
要改变桌面图案时,从控制面板上选择显示方式。
计算机英语（2）Federated DatabaseIn scientific networking ,a collaborative database (part of a collaborator) in which scientists pool their knowledge and discoveries .Federated databases are one proposed solution to the Grand Challenges——problems that are so complex that they far outstrip the capabilities of individual scientists ,or even individual research institutions ,to tackle them independently.联合式数据库在科学联网中,科学家们汇集其知识和发现的一种合作数据库(合作的一部分)。
计算机英语复习资料
I. Fill in the blanks with the information given in the text(单选或多选)1. Charles Babbage; Augusta Ada Byron2. input; output3. VLSI4. workstations; mainframes5. vacuum; transistors6. instructions; software7. digit; eight; byte8. microminiaturization; chip1. input; output; storage2. Basic Input/Output System3. flatbed scanners; hand-held scanners4. LCD-based5. dot-matrix printers; inkjet printers6. disk drives; memory7. volatile8. serial; parallel1. artificial; instructions2. low-level; high-level3. machine4. machine5. functional; logic6. statement7. module8. digital1. application; operating2. assemblers3. compiler4. interpreter5. debugger6. loop7. device driver8. John von Neumann1. off-the-shelf2. exclusive3. cascade4. requirements; integration5. throwaway6. immediate; stable7. reuse-oriented; framework8. software; compromises1. flat2. data3. application; administrators4. conceptual5. tables6. fragmented; replicated7. structured8. entity-relationship; attributesII. Translate the following terms or phrases from English into Chinese and vice versa:(英译中或中译英)1. artificial intelligence 人工智能2. neural network 神经网络3. parallel processing 并行处理4. 操作指令operating instructions5. function key 功能键，操作键6. voice recognition module 语音识别模块7. video game 电子游戏8. 操作系统operating system9. 易失性存储器volatile memory10. 磁盘驱动器disk drive11. storage register 存储寄存器12. function statement 函数语句13. assembly language 汇编语言14. data declaration 数据声明15. 可执行程序executable program16. 程序模块program module17. 条件语句conditional statement18. 赋值语句assignment statement19. 机器语言machine language20. pattern matching 模式匹配21. source file 源文件22. 解释执行的语言interpreted language23. 设备驱动程序device driver24. 目标代码object code25. 应用程序application program26. unit testing 单位（或单元、部件）测试27. software life cycle 软件生命周期（或生存周期）28. system evolution 系统演变29. 需求分析与定义requirements analysis and definition30. 瀑布模型waterfall model31. 系统集成system integration32. 软件复用software reuse33. end user 最终用户，终端用户34. atomic operation 原子操作35. database administrator 数据库管理员36. object-oriented database 面向对象数据库37. 数据属性data attribute38. 全局控制总线global control bus缩略语的含义:1. BIOS 基本输入/输出系统2. CPU 中央处理哭3. CRT 阴极射线管4. IC 集成电路5. LCD 液晶显示(器)6. SQL 结构化查询语言7. USB 通用串行总线8. VLSI 超大规模集成的9. VIRUS 计算机病毒10. HTTP 超文本传输协议11. WWW 万维网12. PC 个人电脑13. DDR SDRAM 双倍速率同步动态随机存储器III. Fill in each of the blanks with one of the words given in the following list, making changes if necessar(完形填空)(只选十个空)A programming language is a language used to write instructions for the computer. It lets the programmer express data processing in a symbolic manner without regard to machine-specific details.The difficulty of writing programs in the machine language of 0s and 1s led first to the development of assembly language, which allows programmers to use mnemonics (助记符)for instructions and symbols for variables. Such programs are then translated by a programknown as an assembler into the binary encoding used by the computer. Other pieces of systemsoftware known as linking loaders (连接装入程序) combine pieces of assembled code and load them into the machine’s main memory unit, where they are then ready for execution. Theconcept of linking separate pieces of code was important, since it allowed “libraries” of programs to be built up to carry out common tasks—a first step toward the increasingly emphasized notion of software reuse. Assembly language was found to be sufficiently inconvenient that higher-level languages (closer to natural languages) were invented in the1950s for easier, faster programming; along with them came the need for compilers,programsthat translate high-level language programs into machine code. As programming languagesbecame more powerful and abstract, building efficient compilers that create high-quality codein terms of execution speed and storage consumption became an interesting computer scienceproblem in itself.III. Fill in each of the blanks with one of the words given in the following list, making changes if necessary: (完形填空)(只选十个空)A compiler, in computer science, is a computer program that translates source code into object code. Software engineers write source code using high-level programming languagesthat people can understand. Computers cannot directly execute source code, but need a compiler to translate these instructions into a low-level language called machine code. Compilers collect and reorganize (compile) all the instructions in a given set of source code to produce object code. Object code is often the same as or similar to a computer’s machine code. If the object code is the same as the machine language, the computer can runthe program immediately after the compiler produces its translation. If the object code is notin machine language, other programs—such as assemblers, binders (联编程序), linkers, andloaders (加载程序)—finish the translation.Most computer languages use different versions of compilers for different types of computers or operating systems, so one language may have different compilers for personalcomputers (PC) and Apple Macintosh computers. Many different manufacturers often produceversions of the same。
计算机专业英语复习资料
Computer software system计算机软件系统Operating system操作系统Three dimensional三维Disk operating system磁盘操作系统Network operating system网络操作系统Office software办公软件Reading software阅读软件Typewriting software打字软件Antivirus software杀毒软件Download software下载软件Graphic design software图形设计软件Chatting software聊天软件Arithmetic logic unit算术逻辑单元Central processing unit中央处理器floppy disk软盘mobile hard disk移动硬盘electronic form电子表格word processing system文字处理系统device management设备管理software management软件管理file management文件管理job processing作业处理work book工作簿work sheet工作表web-camera摄像头graphical interface图形界面graphical browser图形浏览器graphical design图形设计windows operating system窗口操作系统management information system管理信息系统panda joss stick熊猫烧香hard disk硬盘mobile disk移动磁盘ROM read only memory只读存储器CPU central processing unit中央处理器USB universal serial通用串行总线PC personal computer个人计算机CD compact disk光盘3D three dimensional三维DOS disk operating system磁盘操作系统OS operating system操作系统WC water closet厕所BC Before Christ公元前ALU arithmetic logic unit运算逻辑单元RAM random access memory随机存储器DVD digital video disk数字视频磁盘VCD video compact disk视频光盘IT information technology信息技术IBM international business machines国际商用机MSN Microsoft network 微软提供的网络在线服务MOS multitask operating system多任务操作系统IS international standard国际标准EC electronic commerce电子商务CAD computer aided design计算机辅助设计An integrated computer has two parts。
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Each tester should submit each bug report to one or more test peers for a review.每个测试人员应该提交每个错误报告给一个或多个测试同行审查A software development process, also known as a software development lifecycle, is a structure imposed on the development of a software product.一个软件开发过程,也称为一个软件开发生命周期,是一个用于软件产品开发的结构。
There are two types of testing: black box and white box. Black box testing is done by the system test engineer and the user. White box testing is the responsibility of the programmer.有两种类型的测试:黑盒和白盒。
黑盒测试是通过系统测试工程师和用户。
白盒测试是程序员的。
Software is first developed by a group of developers. Usually, it is in use for a while before modifications are necessary. Briefly write down the hardware of the computer Write down the software life cycle软件第一次是由一个团队开发的。
通常,在进行修改之前使用一段时间是必要的。
然后简要地记下计算机硬件，软件生命周期Few computer users run MS-DOS or OS/2 directly. They prefer versions of UNIX or window systems with graphical interfaces, such as Windows XP or the Macintosh OS, which make computer technology more accessible.一些计算机用户直接运行ms - dos或OS / 2。
他们更喜欢UNIX或窗口系统与图形界面版本的,如Windows XP或Macintosh操作系统,这使得计算机技术更人性化。
Briefly write down the hardware of the computer? (at least, name eight components ) ANSWER:CPU ,ROM,mouse，printer，display，keyboard，scanner，power source，mainboard2, What is OS? What are the three basic functions of OS?The operating system is management computer hardware resources, control the other program running and provide users with interactive operation interface system software set operating system is the key part of the computer system, is responsible for the management and allocation of memory decision system resources supply and demand priority control input and output equipment operation network file system and management, and other basic tasks进程管理（Processing management）内存管理（Memory management）文件系统（File system）网络通讯（Networking）安全机制（Security）用户界面（User interface）驱动程序（Device drivers）1.configure2.printer3.apply4.derive5.conceptmunication7.block8.difference9.Phone puter 11.fax 12.destination 13.regard 14.telecommunications 15.send 16.systemData communications is the process of transmitting and receiving data in an orderly way so the data that arrives at its destination_ is an accurate duplication of the data that was .send _____. When data travels a short distance, such as when you send data from your computer to your printer, it is referred to as local communications. When data travels a long distance, the _ communication is referred to as telecommunications; the prefix “tele”is __ derived from a Greek word that means “far” or “far off.”The difference between a short distance and a long distance is somewhat arbitrary. For example, if your ___ computer sends data to a printer in the next room, it is regard as local communications; if you __Phone the person in the next room, you are transmitting data over a(n) _ telecommunications device. However, the same basic communications concepts _ apply to both local communications and telecommunications.Basic data communications concepts are the building ______ blocks for understanding how data travels on a communications _ system. These concepts come in handy when you install, _ ___ configure, or upgrade a local area network. In addition, these concept help you set up modems, fax machines, and cellular data transfers.1 Operation systems control different computer processes, such as running aspreadsheet program or accessing information from the computer’s memory.操作系统控制不同的计算机进程,比如运行一个电子表格程序或从计算机内存访问信息。
2, Output hardware consists of external devices that transfer information from the computer’s CPU to the computer user.输出硬件由外部设备组成，它把信息从电脑的处理器传递给用户。
3, In software, a bug is an error in coding or logic that causes a program to malfunction or to produce incorrect results.在软件中，Bug是一个代码或逻辑错误，它会导致一个程序出故障或产生错误的结果。
4, A database system is divided into several modules to achieve the overall functionality.一个数据库系统被分为几个模块来实现全部的功能。
5, Most personal computers communicate with each other and with larger networks, such as the Internet, by using the ordinary telephone network.绝大多数的个人电脑通过普通电话网来进行彼此间的和因特网等大型网络的交流。
1，Briefly write down how many OS are commonly used on the computer? (at least, name 2 of them)Windows ，Unix，Linux2, Write down the software life cycle1.problem definition2.Feasibility analysis3.demand analysis4. development stage4.1 、design4.2 、realize4.3、testing5.maintainEquipment important keyboard center available communicate graphics screen Data database appear link identification on-line field modemA database is any collection of data organized for storage in a computer memory and designed for easy access by authorized users. The __ data__ may be in the form of text, numbers, or encoded __ graphics. Since their first, experimental appearance in the 1950s, databases have become so __ important in industrial societies that they can be found in almost every __ field of information.In the 1960s, some databases became commercially __available, but their use was funneled through a few so-called research __ database that collected information inquiries and handled them in batched __on-line databases---that is, databases available to anyone who could_ link _ up to them by computer—first _ appear in the 1970s. For the home user, the _ Equipment required includes a computer terminal, a telephone, and a(n) modem_, which enables the terminal and the _ center(usually some type of search-service system) to communicate. The user simply dials the number of the service, provides a password code for communicate and billing, and types in questions to a chosen database on the terminal’s keyboard. The data received may either be displayed on a terminal __ screen or printed out.。