考研英语(一)阅读理解高分特训 B节(段落排序题)

3.2 段落排序题Direction: The following paragraphs are given in a wrong order. For Questions 1~5, you are required to reorganize these paragraphs into a coherent article bychoosing from A~G to fill in each numbered box. The first and the lastparagraphs have been placed for you in boxes.Passage 8 字数：555 题材：商业经济A. That kind of dominance creates a tension between property rights and antitrust （opposing or intended to restrain trusts, monopolies, or other large combinations of business and capital）principles. American competition authorities have been loth （unwilling）to compel dominant firms to grant rivals access to their private property, whether physical （as in the case of telecoms networks）or virtual （as with computer code）. In their view intellectual-property rights have to be upheld to induce firms to innovate. Patents and copyrights are the rightful prize for new inventions. Trustbusters （a federal official who seeks to dissolve business trusts）should be wary of compelling firms to hand over their business secrets in the name of competition.B. Drawing on recent academic work, Mr. Vickers makes the case for intervention on two counts. First, he outlines models that suggest a rival is less likely to develop new products if it cannot share in the profits from the dominantfirm’s invention. If the leading firm is free to licence its technology on stringent terms, it curbs the profits of rivals who have to stump up. True, it spurs rival firms to innovate since the prospective pay-off is greater. But on balance, the incentive to innovate is greater where access is granted more freely, because upfront profits are more valuable.C. By contrast, Europe’s trustbusters have acted to free up access to telecoms networks in France and Germany. Backed by the courts, they have required Microsoft to make private information about its Windows operating system available to rivals, who can then compete more readily in software development.D. Economic policy is rarely uniform on either side of the Atlantic, but the differences in some cases are exaggerated or soon narrowed. That is true of antitrust policy, where there has been a great deal of convergence. The European Commission’s trustbusters tend to take a more cautious view of big global mergers, but the way such tie-ups are assessed is very similar to American practice. In the policing of cartels （an international combine formed esp. to regulate prices and output in some field of business）, the commission has adopted many of the methods and models of its American cousins.E. Which view is right? In a new paper John Vickers of Oxford University surveys the economics literature and concludes that a hands-off approach is far from ideal. Mr Vickers, once head of the Office of Fair Trading, Britain’s main antitrust outfit, says that like many economists he finds himself “rowing in the mid-Atlantic” when it comes to the treatment of dominant firms. American policy is too cautiousabout treading on big firms’ toes but Europe’s trustbusters may intervene too boldly.F. A second argument for reining in dominant firms is that the contest to innovate tends to be keenest where there is a neck-and-neck battle to be the dominant firm. If market leaders are forced to license their know-how on easy terms, that reduces the pay-off from research and development （R&D）. But it also allows much smaller firms to catch up quickly. Although profits from any new inventions will be lower, they will be chased more aggressively when competitors are on a similar footing.G. On one antitrust issue, though, the transatlantic gulf has been unusually wide: how to deal with firms with a market share so large as to dwarf their rivals. In high-tech industries, such as computing and telecoms, the power of network effects encourages firms to settle on an industry standard to ensure that gadgets and software are compatible. That gives the owners of the winning standards, such as Microsoft, a great deal of market muscle.Order:D → 1. → 2. → 3. → 4. → 5. → F【答案及解析】1.G 首段D讲大西洋两岸经济政策很少一致的事实，在某些情况下被夸大或被缩小，之后以反托拉斯政策为例讲两者之间的相似之处。

G中首句“On one antitrust issue, though, the transatlantic gulf has been unusually wide”用同一例子，但以though为转折，讲述两者之间的差别，可以承接上文，故为正确答案。

2.A A 首句That kind of dominance creates a tension between property rights andantitrust principles..此处的“这种优势”指G段末的“a great deal of market muscle”，故为正确答案。

3.C 上文A阐述了美国竞争管理局的做法，C用By contras开头，讲欧洲的反托拉斯检察官的做法，突出两者之间的不同，与前文形成鲜明对比，联系上下文，故C为正确答案。