国金名词解中英文版(供参考)
国际经济法名词解释汇总(word文档良心出品)
国际经济法名词解释11．ADR（American Depository Receipts），美国存托凭证，是美国信托银行公开发行的，表明非美国公司业已发行的某种股票，一经发行，即可在美国自由交易。
1 BOT(建设-经营-转让)：是指政府(通过契约)授予私营业(包括外国企业)以一定期限的特许专营权，许可其融资建设和经营特定的公用基础设施，并准许其通过向用户收取费用或出售产品以清偿贷款、回收投资并赚取利润。
特许权期限届满时，该基础设施无偿移交给政府。
7．CFR，全称Cost and Freight（…named port of destination），中文意为“成本加运费（……指定目的港）”，指在装运港货物越过船舷时卖方即完成交货，卖方须支付将货物运至指定目的港所需的运费。
但货物的风险是在装运港船舷转移的。
该术语适合于海运或内河运输。
CFR价与下列CIF价相比，在价格构成中少了保险费，因此，除了保险是由买方办理外，其他的双方义务与下列CIF价基本相同。
应该注意的是，CFR 价装船是卖方而投保又是买方，卖方在装船后应给买方以充分的通知，否则，因此而造成买方漏保引起的货物损失应由卖方承担。
2 CIF：即成本、保险费加运费，是国际贸易术语的一种，是Cost，insuranceandfreight的缩写或简称。
在具体使用时，在它后面要加注目的港。
在CIF，卖方必须支付成本费和将货物运至指定的目的港所需的运费，还必须办理货物在运输途中应由买方承担的货物灭失或损坏风险的海运保险。
卖方订立保险合同并支付保险费。
但只能要求卖方取得最低的保险险别。
此外，卖方须办理货物出口结关手续。
3 FCA：即货交承运人，是国际贸易术语的一种，是Freecarrier的缩写或简称。
在具体使用时，在它的后面要加注“指定地点”。
卖方办理货物出口结关将货物交至指定地点的由卖方指定的承运人照管。
如果买方未指定准确的地点，则卖方可在规定的地点或地段内选择承运人照管货物的地点。
名词解释名词背诵 国金
1本国货币与外国货币具有法定的兑换比率并保持稳定，汇率围绕法定比率在一定幅度内波动的汇率制度
2一国不再规定本外国货币的兑换比率，货币当局也不再承担维持货币汇率稳定的职责，市场汇率根据外汇市场供求力量而自由波动的汇率制度
3指一国经常发生（本国与外国交往经常发生的）的国际收支项目，他能真实反映出国与国之间的资源转移状况（他反映了一国与他国之间真实资源的转移状况）
4.指在一定时期内，一国（一个经济实体的）居民与非居民所发生的全部经济交易的系统记录和综合
5.指在外汇市场上，买卖双方达成交易后并不立即交割，而是在未来某个约定的日期交易进行交割的外汇市场
6.指政府扩大财政支出（投资扩大）或者减税，会引起（由于）国民收入的增加，在扣除储蓄后（所增加的收入将用于）进行消费或投资。
资金转移（转化）到其他行业（产业收入）后再进行（被用于）消费和投资，进而引起经济循环并进一步扩大（经济活动因而循环扩大并进一步扩展，反之政府支出减少则出现紧缩效果）
7.交易动机：指为了进行正常交易而持有一定货币的行为（指个人和企业需要货币是为了进行正常的交易活动）投资东级：指为了抓住有利时机进行证券交易的行为（而需要事先持有一部分货币的动机）预防投机：指为了预防意外支出而持有一定货币的行为
8.只因增加政府支出而挤占私人投资（对私人投资产生的挤占效应），从而引起因增加政府投资而提高（增加）的国民收入（可能）因私人投资的减少而部分或全部地被抵消
9.央行将本外币资产进行反向操作、调整（央行将持有的本外国资产，加以反向操作、调整）。
国际金融 名词中英文对照
第一章国际收支国际借贷international indebtedness（外汇的）收入receipts支付payment国际收支balance of payment经济实体economy经济交易economic transactions国际投资头寸international investment position顺差surplus逆差deficit国际收支危机balance of payment crisis国际收支平衡表balance of payment statement局部差额partial balance经常项目the current account货物goods收入incomes经常转移current transfers资本和金融帐户the capital and financial account 资本转移capital transfers错误与遗漏帐户errors and omissions account （国际收支）均衡equilibrium（国际收支）不均衡disequilibrium自主性交易autonomous transaction=事前交易ex-ante transaction调节性交易accommodating/compensatory transaction=事后交易ex-post transaction基本差额basic balance净清偿差额net liquidity balance官方储备交易差额official reserve transaction balance综合差额overall balance物价-现金流动机制price-specie-flow mechanism 弹性分析法the elasticities approachJ曲线效应J-curve effect吸收分析法the absorption approach货币分析法the monetary approach周期性不均衡cyclical disequilibrium货币性/价格性不均衡Monetary/price disequilibrium收入性不均衡income disequilibrium持久性不均衡secular disequilibrium结构性不均衡structural disequilibrium外汇平稳基金exchange stabilization fund货币贬值devaluation货币升值revaluation（国际收支）基本不均衡fundamental disequilibrium第二章外汇、汇率、外汇市场外汇foreign exchange可自由兑换货币convertible currency外汇汇率foreign exchange rate基本货币base currency标价货币quoted currency直接/应付标价法direct/giving quotation间接/应收标价法indirect/ receiving quotation国定汇率fixed rate浮动汇率floating rate自由浮动freely floating = clean floating有管理的浮动managed floating=肮脏浮动dirty floating（银行）买入汇率bid/buy rate（银行）卖出汇率selling/offer rate同业买卖汇率interbank rate中间汇率Middle rate现钞汇率bank notes rate基本汇率basic rate套算汇率cross rate电汇汇率telegraph transfers rate，T/T rate信汇汇率mail transfers rate，M/T rate汇票汇率demand draft rate，D/D rate即期汇率spot rate远期汇率forward rate远期差价forward margin升水at premium贴水at discount平价at par开盘汇率opening rate收盘汇率closing rate名义汇率nominal rate实际汇率real rate有效汇率effective rate金本位制gold standard system金汇兑本位gold exchange standard黄金输送点gold points有弹性elastic缺乏弹性inelastic空头short position多头long position批发市场wholesale market零售市场retail market外汇风险foreign exchange risk交易风险transaction exposure转换风险transfers exposure经营风险operating exposure债务净额支付netting双边债务净额支付bilateral netting多边债务净额支付multilateral netting配平matching自然配平batural matching平行配平parallel matching提前与推后收付leading & lagging计价货币currency of invoicing定价pricing资产负债管理asset and liability management货币市场套期保值money market hedge货币市场套期保值borrow-spot-invest贴现Discounting保收factoring即期外汇交易spot exchange transaction外汇头寸exchange position超卖oversold超买overbought抛补cover双档报价two way price远期汇差forward margin=掉期率swap rate择期远期交易optional forward transaction掉期外汇交易foreign exchange swap transaction 即期-远期掉期交易spot-forward swaps即期对即期掉期交易spot-spot swaps隔日掉期交易tomorrow-next swaps远期对远期掉期交易forward-forward swaps套汇交易arbitrage transaction不抛补套利uncovered interest arbitrage外汇期货foreign exchange future=外币期货currency=货币期货交易单位trading unit合约规模contract size最小变动价位minimum price change每日价格波动限制daily price limit交易时间trading hours最后交易日last trading day交割delivery初始保证金initial margin维持保证金maintenance margin变动保证金variation margin期权options 外币期权等参考期货看涨期权call options看跌期权put options场外期权OTP options场内期权exchange traded options现汇期权options on spot exchange期货期权options on foreign currency futures标的货币underlying currency履约价格strike price or exercise price 到期月份/日expiration months/day最后交易日last trading day保证金margin交割方式delivery methods期权价格option price期权费options premium内在价值intrinsic value外在价值extrinsic value履约价值exercise value时间价值time value溢价期权in-the-money-option损价期权out-of-the-money option平价期权at-the-money options第三章外汇制度外汇管制汇率制度exchange rate regime浮动汇率制floating exchange rate system中间汇率制intermediate exchange rate regimes 两极汇率制bipolar exchange rate regimes恶性循环假说vicious circle hypothesis国际储备的交易需求transactions demand for international reserves国际储备的预防性需求precautionary demand for international reserves自由浮动independent floating管理浮动managed floating爬行盯住制crawling peg货币局制度currency board arrangements货币联盟monetary union汇率目标区制exchange rate target zone外汇管制foreign exchange control第四章汇率理论国际借贷说theory of international indebtedness 流动借贷floating indebtedness固定借贷consolidated indebtedness国际收支论theory of balance of payment购买力平价说theory of purchasing power parity 绝对购买力平价absolute purchasing power parity 相对购买力平价relative purchasing power parity 利率平价说theory of interest parity弹性价格货币模型flexible-price monetary model 汇率超调模型sticky-price monetary model资产组合平衡模型portfolio balance model第五章国际储备国际储备international reserve国际清偿力international liquidity储备货币reserve currency储备头寸reserve position in IMF普通提款权general drawing rights离岸金融市场offshore financial market短期信贷市场short-term credit market短期证券市场short-term security market欧洲证券Eurobond利息平衡税interest equalization tax固定利率借款fixed-interest loan亚洲美元市场asian-dollar market石油美元oil-dollar国际银行信贷international banking credit LIBOR London Interbank offered rate优惠利率prime rate贷款利率offered rate存款利率bid rate承担费commitment fee政府信贷government credit出口信贷export credit融资租赁financial leasing货币市场共同基金MMMF可转让支付命令帐户NOWs货币市场存单MMCS超级可转让支付命令帐户super-NOWs货币市场存款账户MMDAS垃圾债券junk bond票据发行便利NIFs，note issuance facilities互换swaps远期利率协议FRAs，forward rate agreement非中介化disintermediation周期性承包便利RUFs，revolving underwriting facilities表外业务off-balance-sheet business衍生金融工具derivative securities交割价格delivery price股票指数期货stock index futures资本流出capital outflows交易成本transaction cost市场失灵market failure价格歧视price discrimination所有权有势ownership advantage内部化优势internalization advantage区位优势location advantageOIL , ownership-internalization-location偿债率debt service ratio特别提款权special drawing rights平价网体系grid parity system货币蓝体系basket parity system欧洲货币基金EMF，European monetary fund第九章国际金融机构国际清算银行BIS，bank for international settlement(IMF)普通贷款normal credit tranches出口波动补偿贷款compensation financial facility中期贷款extended facility缓冲库存贷款buffer stock financial facility石油贷款oil facility补充贷款supplementary financial facility信托基金贷款trust fund扩大贷款enlarged access facility结构调整贷款structural adjustment facility体制转型贷款systematic transformation facility 第十章金融全球化financial globalization金融一体化financial integration资本核心充足率capital adequacy ratio。
国际金融 名词解释全
国际金融名词解释C2balance of payments：The set of accounts recording all flows of value between a nation’s residents and the residents of the rest of the world during a period of time.the current account： Records the values of goods and services sold and purchased abroad, net interest and other factor payments and net unilateral transfers and gifts.the capital account：consists of capital transfer and the buying and selling of nonproductive assets and non-financial assets.the double-entry bookkeeping：Any exchange automatically enters the balance-of-payment accounts twice: as a credit and as a debit of the same value.current account balance：equals the net credits - debits on the flows of goods, services, income, and unilateral transfers. It also equals the ch ange in the nation’s foreign assets minus foreign liabilities, also known as net foreign investment.the overall balance：equals the sum of the current account balance and the private capital account balance.（算式）the international investment position: is a statement of the stocks of a nation’s international assets and foreign liabilities at a point in time, usually the end of a year.the IMF：The IMF was set up with contributions of gold and foreign exchange from member governments. It grants all member countries the right to borrow reserves to finance temporary deficits.SDRs：（Special Drawing Right） is an artificial "basket" currency used by the IMF for internal accounting purposes. The SDR is also used by some countries as a peg for their own currency, and is used as an international reserve asset.C3foreign exchange： holdings of foreign currencies: (1) foreign currencies;(2) payment instruments dominated in foreign currencies, like demand bank deposits; (3) securities in terms of foreign currencies; (4) other claims on nonresidents in terms of foreign currencies.exchange rate：the price of one nation’s money in terms of another nation’s money.spot exchange rate：The spot exchange rate is the price for “immediate” exchange (delivery).forward exchange：the price set now for an exchange (delivery) that will take place sometime in the futureintangible market：banks and traders who work at banks are at the center of the foreign exchange market. These banks and their traders use computers and telephones to conduct foreign exchange trades with theircustomers and also with each other.a vehicle currency：One foreign currency is exchanged for dollars, and these dollars are then exchanged for the other foreign currency. The dollar is often used in this way to accomplish trading between two other currencies, and the dollar is called a vehicle currency.SWIFT (Society for Worldwide Interbank Financial Telecommunications)：which is used to transmit instructions from one member bank to another CHIPS(Clearing House International Payments System)：This system clears dollar transfers among its member banks, which include all large and internationally active banks.floating exchange rate：It is the exchange rate system without intervention by governments or central bankers.the equilibrium exchange rate：(market-clearing rate) means no tendency for change. It is at the intersection point of the supply and demand curves.fixed exchange rate：Official strive to keep the exchange rate virtually fixed ( or pegged ) even if the rate they choose differs from the current equilibrium rate.the depreciation(the appreciation)：Under the floating-rate system a fall in the market price (the exchange rate value) of a currency is called a depreciation of that currency; a rise is an appreciation.the devaluation(the revaluation)：We refer to a discrete official reduction (rising) in the otherwise fixed par value of a currency as a devaluation (revaluation).arbitrage：The process of buying and selling to make a (nearly) riskless pure profit, ensures that rates in different locations are essentially the same, and that rates and cross-rates are related and consistent among themselves.biangular arbitrage：Buy currencies where they are cheap and simultaneously sell them where they are expensive.triangular arbitrage：There is an opportunity to make riskless profit by arbitraging through the three rates.basic rates：Basic rates represent the dollar price of various foreign currenciescross rates：the cross-rates are the rates between foreign currencies. C4exchange rate risk：the possibility of loss or gain of foreign exchange (currencies) assets (or liabilities) held by persons because of changes of exchange rates.international investment with cover：if the rate at which the future sale of foreign currency will occur is locked in now through a forward exchange contract, we have~.international investment without cover：involves investing in a financial asset denominated in a foreign currency without hedging or covering the future proceeds of the investment back into one’s owncurrency.hedging：Hedging a position exposed to rate risk is the act of reducing or eliminating a net asset or net liability position in the foreign currency.hedgers： are persons who have a home currency and seek a balance between their liabilities and assets in foreign currencies.speculating：Speculating is the act of taking a net asset position (“long”) or a net liability position (“short”) in the foreign currency, thereby gambling on its future exchange value.speculators：A speculator is anybody who is willing to take a net position in a foreign currency, whatever his motives or expectations about the future of the exchange rate.the forward premium：F = (f – e)/e If F is positive, the pound is at a forward premium because it gains value between buying current spot pounds and selling current forward pounds.covered interest arbitrage：It is buying a country’s currency spot and selling that country’s currency forward, to make a net profit from the combination of the difference in interest rates between countries and the forward premium on that country’s currency.covered interest parity：The condition Covered Interest Differential (CD) = 0 is referred as covered interest parity.uncovered interest parity：The condition Expected Uncover Interest Differential (EUD) = 0 is called the uncovered interest parity. This parity is also called the “international Fisher effect,”C5PPP： The principle that unit of currency will purchase the same basket of goods anywhere in the worldthe law of one price：A product that is easily and freely traded in a perfectly competitive global market should have the same price everywhere.absolute PPP：Posits that a basket or bundle of tradable products will have the same cost in different countries if the cost is stated in the same currency.relative PPP：Posits that the difference between changes over time in product-price levels in two countries will be offset by the change in the exchange rate over this time.overshooting：Investors can react rationally to news by driving the exchange rate past what they know to be its ultimate long run equilibrium value. The actual exchange rate then moves slowly back to that long-run rate later on. That is, the short run the actual exchange rate overshoots its long-run value and then reverts back toward it.bandwagon effects：Some investors, especially for expectations regarding the near-term future (the next minutes, hours, days, or weeks), may expect that the recent trend in the exchange rate will continue. They extrapolate the recent trend into the future.nominal bilateral exchange rate： The regular market rate between two currencies.nominal effective exchange rate：A weighted average of the market rates across a number of foreign currencies.real bilateral exchange rate：Incorporate both the market exchange rate and the product price levels for two countries.real effective exchange rate：A weighted average of real bilateral exchange rates across a number of foreign countries.C6convertible currency：the currency is fully convertible into foreign currency for all uses, for both trade in goods and services and international financial activities.exchange control：the government places some restrictions on the conversation of the domestic currency into foreign currency or vice versa.a clean float：The float of exchange rate which goes where private supply and demand drive it is called a clean float.a dirty float(a managed float)：The float of exchange rate which is generally floating but with official intervention is called a managed float (if you are an optimist, commendatory) or a dirty float (if you are a pessimist, derogatory).（注：专业文档是经验性极强的领域，无法思考和涵盖全面，素材和资料部分来自网络，供参考。
国金名词解释
国金名词解释————————————————————————————————作者：————————————————————————————————日期：名词解释国际收支：一国（或地区）的居民在一定时期内，在一定时期内与非居民的经济交易的系统纪录。
国际收支平衡表：一国在一定时期内的国际经济交易，根据交易的特性和经济分析的需要，分类设置科目和账户，根据复式簿记的原理进行系统纪录的报表。
综合差额：也称为总差额，所包括的线上交易最为全面，仅仅将官方储备作为线下交易，是指经常账户与资本金融账户中的资本转移、直接投资、证券投资、其他投资所构成的佘额。
基本差额：是经常账户交易、长期资本流动的结结果，它将短期资历本流动和官司方储备变动作为线下交易，反映了一国国际收支的长期趋势。
官方结算差额：是经常账户交易、长期资本流动和私人短期资历本流动的结果，它将官方短期资本流动和官方储备变动作为线下交易。
外汇：动态外汇指人们为了清偿国际间的债权债务关系，将一种乌纱帽币兑换成另一种货币的行为。
广义的静态外汇泛指可以清偿对外债务的一切以外国货币表示的资产或债权。
狭义的静态外汇是指以外币表示的，可直接用于国际债权债务关系清算的支付手段（空头支票，外国钞标不算）。
汇率：又称汇价或外汇行市，就是两种货币的兑换比率，或者说是一国货币以另一国货币表示的相对价格。
固定汇率制：指政府运用行政或法律手段选择一个基本的参照物，并确定公布和维持本国货币与该单位参照物之间的固定比价的汇率制度。
浮动汇率制：是指汇率水平完全由外汇市场的供求关系关系决定，政府不加任何干预的汇制度。
实际汇率：是名义汇率用两国价格水平调整后的汇率，即外国商品与本国商品的相对价格。
有效汇率：是种加权平均汇率，其权数取决于各国与该国经济往来的密切程度。
哈博格条件：一些西方学者如哈伯格等到将贬值由弹性论所说明的需求替代效应与这一收入效应结合起来，修正了贬值能够改善国际收支的条件。
国际经济法名词解释双语
国际经济法名词解释双语
国际经济法是指规范国际经济关系的法律体系。
下面是一些国际经济法的常见名词以及其解释：
1.自由贸易：指国家在相互协议下放宽或取消贸易壁垒，实现商品和服务的自由流通。
2.关税：指对进口或出口商品课征的税费，可以用于保护国内产业或筹集国家财政收入。
3.贸易协定：国家或地区之间为了促进贸易流通而达成的协议，通常包括关税优惠、市场准入等方面的规定。
4.贸易保护主义：一种国家采取的措施，旨在限制进口、保护本国产业，如征收高关税或采取非关税壁垒。
5.最惠国待遇：指国与国之间互相给予最有利条件的待遇，不得对某一国家或地区施加歧视性措施。
6.国民待遇：指对国内企业和外国企业一视同仁地对待，不得对外国企业采取歧视性措施。
7.金融自由化：指国家为了促进国际金融流动而取消金融市场上的限制，提供更多的金融服务和产品选择。
8.知识产权：指由个人或企业独立创造而获得的知识或创新成果的法律保护，包括专利、商标、版权等。
9.争端解决机制：是指国家之间解决国际经济争端的方式，可以通过谈判、调解、仲裁或诉讼等方式进行解决。
此外，国际经济法还涉及跨国公司、外国投资、禁止垄断和不正当竞争等课题。
国际经济法的主要目标是促进全球经济的稳定和有序发展，保护各国的商业利益，并加强国家之间的经济合作和互信。
国际经济法的发展也受到国际经济体系和国际组织的影响。
国金名词解中英文版(供参考)
国金名词解释1、Balance of payments accounting : 国际收支平衡账户A detailed record of the composition of the current account balance and of the many transactions that finace it .国际收支账户是对经常项目的组成以及相关金融业务的详细记录。
2、Official foreign cxchange intervention : 官方外汇干预The official transactions that central banks buy or sell international reserves in private asset markets to affect macroeconomic conditions in their economies .中央银行在私人外汇市场上买卖国际储备以改变经济的宏观环境的交易。
3、Official international reserves : 官方国际储备They are foreign assets held by central banks as a cushion against national economic misfortune.中央银行持有的外国资产，可以作为国民经济情况不利情况时的缓冲器。
4、Official settlements balance (or balance of payments) : 官方结算余额（国际收支平衡）The bookkeeping offset to the balance of official reserve transactions . 在会计上登记用来抵消官方储备交易余额的部分。
5、Foreign exchange market : 外汇交易市场The market in which international currency trades take place . 国际货币的交易场所。
国金名词解释整理
1.米德冲突：是指在固定汇率制下，一国只有支出变更一种政策工具，无法同时实现内外均衡两个经济目标的情况。
2.一价定律：指在自由贸易条件下，同一种商品在世界各地以同一货币表示的价格是一样的。
3.国际储备：指一国货币当局为弥补国际收支赤字和维持汇率稳定而持有的在国际间可以被普遍接受的那部分资产。
通常包括黄金、外汇储备、特别提款权及会员国在货币基金组织的头寸。
4.货币局制：在法律中明确规定本国货币与某一外国可兑换货币保持固定的交换率，并且对本国货币的发行作特殊限制以保证履行这一法定义务的汇率制度。
5.J型曲线效应：一国货币贬值后，最初会使贸易状况进一步恶化而不是改善，只有经过一段时间后贸易收支状况的恶化才能得到控制并趋好转，最终使贸易收支状况得到改善。
这个过程用曲线描述出来，与大写字母J相似，代指贬值对贸易收支改善的时滞效应。
1．汇率制度：是指一国货币当局对本国货币汇率水平的确定、汇率变动方式等问题所作的一系列安排或规定。
包括：确定货币汇率的原则和依据；维持与调整汇率的办法；管理汇率的法令、体制和政策；确定维持和管理汇率的机构。
（4分）2．经常项目：国际收支平衡表中对实际资源在国际间的流动行为进行记录的帐户，分为商品、劳务、收益和经常转移四个小的帐户。
（4分）3．特里芬难题：在布雷顿森林体系下，美元处于一种两难的境地。
即如果美国出现过多的赤字，将导致美元泛滥，美元的信用受到损害；而如果美国出现顺差，则导致美元缺乏，导致“美元荒”。
主要储备货币的单一性导致这种情况的发生。
（4分）4．金融期权：是指期权的买方和买方在规定的时间内，按照双方约定的价格买卖一定数量的金融资产的权利的合约，在到期时由买方决定是否行驶这一权利。
（4分）5．货币危机：分广义和狭义。
广义的货币危机，也可称为汇率危机，指一国的货币汇率在短期内大幅度的变化；狭义的货币危机是指实行固定汇率制度国家发生大规模资产置换，固定汇率制度崩溃的情况。
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国金名词解释1、Balance of payments accounting : 国际收支平衡账户A detailed record of the composition of the current account balance and of the many transactions that finace it .国际收支账户是对经常项目的组成以及相关金融业务的详细记录。
2、Official foreign cxchange intervention : 官方外汇干预The official transactions that central banks buy or sell international reserves in private asset markets to affect macroeconomic conditions in their economies .中央银行在私人外汇市场上买卖国际储备以改变经济的宏观环境的交易。
3、Official international reserves : 官方国际储备They are foreign assets held by central banks as a cushion against national economic misfortune.中央银行持有的外国资产，可以作为国民经济情况不利情况时的缓冲器。
4、Official settlements balance (or balance of payments) : 官方结算余额（国际收支平衡）The bookkeeping offset to the balance of official reserve transactions . 在会计上登记用来抵消官方储备交易余额的部分。
5、Foreign exchange market : 外汇交易市场The market in which international currency trades take place . 国际货币的交易场所。
6、Forward exchange rate : 远期汇率The exchange rates quoted in foreign exchange which deals sometimes specify a future taransation date , are called forward exchange rates .在指定未来一个时间上交割的外汇交易中所报的汇价，称为远期汇率。
7、Spot exchange rate : 即期汇率The exchange rates governing trading of bank deposits and execute the deal immediately ,are called spot exchange rate .在立即交换银行存款交易中的汇率，叫做即期汇率。
8、Interest parity condition : 利率平价条件The condition that the expected returns on deposits of any two currencies are equal when measured in the same currency is called the interest parity condition .用相同货币衡量的任意两种货币存款的预期收益率相等的条件，被称为利率平价条件。
9、Vehicle currency :A vehicle currency is one that is widely used to denominate international contracts made by parties who do not reside in the country that issues the Vehicle currency.载体货币：载体货币是一种在发行该种货币以外国家的国际交易中被广泛使用作为度量标准的货币。
10、Futures and options 期货和期权Futures involve a financial contract that requires the buyer to purchase an asset (or the seller to sell an asset)at a specific price on a predetermined date in the future.期货涉及到需要购买的资产在一个特定的价格在规定日期在未来（或卖方出售资产）的买方金融合同。
11、Options : the right to buy foreign currency to make the payment at a known price .期权：购买外汇的权利，使支付在一个已知的价格。
12、Deflation : 通货紧缩An economy experiences deflation when its price level is falling . 一个国家总体价格水平的下降。
13、Inflation : 通货膨胀An economy experiences inflation when its price level is rising . 一个国家总体价格水平的上升。
14、Exchange rate overshooting : 汇率超调The exchange rate is said to overshoot when its immediate response to a disturbance is greater than its long-run response.当汇率对于货币波动的即刻反应超过了长期反应时，我们称之为汇率超调。
15、Fisher effect :费雪效应All else equal ,a rise in a country’s expected inflation rate will eventually cause an equal rise in the interest rate that deposits of its currency offer . And vice versa .This long-run relationship between inflation and interest rates is called the Fisher effect . 在其他条件不变的情况下，若一国的预期通货膨胀率上升，最终会导致该国货币存款利率的同比例上升，反之亦然。
通货膨胀与利率之间的这种长期关系被称为费雪效应。
16、Nominal exchange rate :名义汇率The relative price of two currencies . 两种货币的相对价格。
17、Nominal interest rate:The rates of return measured in monetary terms.名义利率：收益用金钱来衡量的利率。
18、Purchasing power parity（PPP）: 购买力平价The theory of PPP states that the exchange rate between two countries currencies equals the ratio of the countires’ price levels .两国货币的汇率等于两国价格水平之比。
19、Real exchange rate :实际汇率It is a relative price of one country’s goods and services relative to the other’s . 实际汇率是一国商品和劳务相对于另一国商品和劳务的相对价格。
20、Real interest rate :The rates of return measured in monetary terms.实际利率：收益用金钱来衡量的利率。
21、Absolute purchasing power parity:The exchange rates equal relative price levels is called absolute PPP.绝对购买力平价：该汇率等于相对价格水平称为绝对购买力平价。
22、Relative purchasing power parity:The percentage change in the exchange rate between two currencies over any period equals the difference between the percentage changes in national price levels.相对购买力平价：百分比变化超过任何时期两种货币之间的汇率等于之间在国家物价水平的百分比变化的差异。
23、AA schedule : AA曲线（资产）The schedule of exchange rate and output combinations that are consistern with equilibrium in the domestic money market and the foreign exchange market .国内货币市场和外汇市场均衡条件下的汇率和产出水平的组合叫做AA曲线。
24、DD schedule : DD曲线（产出）The schedule of exchange rate and output combinations that are consistern with equality of aggregate demand and supply .总供给和总需求相等条件下的汇率和产出水平的组合叫做DD曲线。
25、J-curve : J曲线If current account initially worsens after a depreciation , its time path , has an initial segment reminiscent of J and therefore is called J-curve J曲线：如果贬值，它的时间路径后的经常账户恶化最初，有一个初始段让人联想到的J，因此被称为J曲线26、Devaluation : 币值下调A fall in the market price of a floating currency浮动汇率制度下的市场价格下降。